Oration XVIII. Funeral Oration on His Father, in the Presence of S. Basil.

 1.  O man of God, and faithful servant,

 2.  Tell me, however, whence do you come, what is your business, and what favour do you bring us?  Since I know that you are entirely moved with and b

 3.  There are, as I said, three causes to necessitate your presence, all of equal weight, ourselves, the pastor, and the flock:  come then, and accord

 4.  Thus might you console us but what of the flock?  Would you first promise the oversight and leadership of yourself, a man under whose wings we al

 5.  Leaving to the laws of panegyric the description of his country, his family, his nobility of figure, his external magnificence, and the other subj

 6.  Even before he was of our fold, he was ours.  His character made him one of us.  For, as many of our own are not with us, whose life alienates the

 7.  I have heard the Scripture say:  Who can find a valiant woman? and declare that she is a divine gift, and that a good marriage is brought about by

 8.  She indeed who was given to Adam as a help meet for him, because it was not good for man to be alone, instead of an assistant became an enemy, and

 9.  What time or place for prayer ever escaped her?  To this she was drawn before all other things in the day or rather, who had such hope of receivi

 10.  And if it was a great thing for the altar never to have had an iron tool lifted upon it, and that no chisel should be seen or heard, with greater

 11.  I pass by in silence what is still more ineffable, of which God is witness, and those of the faithful handmaidens to whom she has confided such t

 12.  These were the objects of her prayers and hopes, in the fervour of faith rather than of youth.  Indeed, none was as confident of things present a

 13.  After a short interval, wonder succeeded wonder.  I will commend the account of it to the ears of the faithful, for to profane minds nothing that

 14.  Nor indeed would anyone disbelieve this who has heard and knows that Moses, when little in the eyes of men, and not yet of any account, was calle

 15.  Why need I count up all those who have been called to Himself by God and associated with such wonders as confirmed him in his piety?  Nor was it

 16.  He received a woodland and rustic church, the pastoral care and oversight of which had not been bestowed from a distance, but it had been cared f

 17.  What else must we say of this great man of God, the true Divine, under the influence, in regard to these subjects, of the Holy Ghost, but that th

 18.  To give a proof of what I say.  When a tumult of the over-zealous part of the Church was raised against us, and we had been decoyed by a document

 19.  Who could enumerate the full tale of his excellences, or, if he wished to pass by most of them, discover without difficulty what can be omitted? 

 20.  Who was more anxious than he for the common weal?  Who more wise in domestic affairs, since God, who orders all things in due variation, assigned

 21.  But what is best and greatest of all, his magnanimity was accompanied by freedom from ambition.  Its extent and character I will proceed to show.

 22.  So bounteous was his hand—further details I leave to those who knew him, so that if anything of the kind is borne witness to in regard to myself,

 23.  Who did more to rebuke pride and foster lowliness?  And that in no assumed or external way, as most of those who now make profession of virtue, a

 24.  But what was most excellent and most characteristic, though least generally recognized, was his simplicity, and freedom from guile and resentment

 25.  We both believe in and hear of the dregs of the anger of God, the residuum of His dealings with those who deserve it:  For the Lord is a God of v

 26.  The dew would more easily resist the morning rays of the sun, than any remains of anger continue in him but as soon as he had spoken, his indign

 27.  Such and so remarkable being his gentleness, did he yield the palm to others in industry and practical virtue?  By no means.  Gentle as he was, h

 28.  One of the wonders which concern him was that he suffered from sickness and bodily pain.  But what wonder is it for even holy men to be distresse

 29.  What then was the response of Him who was the God of that night and of the sick man?  A shudder comes over me as I proceed with my story.  And th

 30.  The same miracle occurred in the case of my mother not long afterwards.  I do not think it would be proper to pass by this either:  for we shall

 31.  I was on a voyage from Alexandria to Greece over the Parthenian Sea.  The voyage was quite unseasonable, undertaken in an Æginetan vessel, under

 32.  Such were their common experiences.  But I imagine that some of those who have had an accurate knowledge of his life must have been for a long wh

 33.  A further story of the same period and the same courage.  The city of Cæsarea was in an uproar about the election of a bishop for one had just d

 34.  The Emperor had come, raging against the Christians he was angry at the election and threatened the elect, and the city stood in imminent peril

 35.  Who is so distant from this world of ours, as to be ignorant of what is last in order, but the first and greatest proof of his power?  The same c

 36.  The things of the Spirit were exactly known to the man of the Spirit, and he felt that he must take up no submissive position, nor side with fact

 37.  From the same zeal proceeded his opposition to the heretics, when, with the aid of the Emperor’s impiety, they made their expedition, in the hope

 38.  Another of his excellences I must not leave unnoticed.  In general, he was a man of great endurance, and superior to his robe of flesh:  but duri

 39.  And since some living memorial of his munificence ought to be left behind, what other is required than this temple, which he reared for God and f

 40.  What sayest thou, my father?  Is this sufficient, and dost thou find an ample recompense for all thy toils, which thou didst undergo for my learn

 41.  And what do you think of us, O judge of my words and motions?  If we have spoken adequately, and to the satisfaction of your desire, confirm it b

 42.  The nature of God, my mother, is not the same as that of men indeed, to speak generally, the nature of divine things is not the same as that of

 43.  Does the sense of separation cause you pain?  Let hope cheer you.  Is widowhood grievous to you?  Yet it is not so to him.  And what is the good

34.  The Emperor77    The Emperor, Julian. had come, raging against the Christians; he was angry at the election and threatened the elect, and the city stood in imminent peril78    In imminent peril, lit. “on a razor’s edge.”  Homer Il. x. 173. as to whether, after that day it should cease to exist, or escape and be treated with some degree of mercy.  The innovation in regard to the election was a new ground of exasperation, in addition to the destruction of the temple of Fortune in a time of prosperity, and was looked upon as an invasion of his rights.  The governor of the province also was eager to turn the opportunity to his own account, and was ill disposed to the new bishop, with whom he had never had friendly relations, in consequence of their different political views.  Accordingly he sent letters to summon the consecrators to invalidate the election, and in no gentle terms, for they were threatened as if by command of the Emperor.  Hereupon, when the letter reached him, without fear or delay, he replied—consider the courage and spirit of his answer—“Most excellent governor, we have one Censor of all our actions, and one Emperor, against whom his enemies are in arms.  He will review the present consecration, which we have legitimately performed according to His will.  In regard to any other matter, you may, if you will, use violence with the greatest ease against us.  But no one can prevent us from vindicating the legitimacy and justice of our action in this case; unless you should make a law on this point, you, who have no right to interfere in our affairs.”  This letter excited the admiration of its recipient, although he was for a while annoyed at it, as we have been told by many who know the facts well.  It also stayed the action of the Emperor, and delivered the city from peril, and ourselves, it is not amiss to add, from disgrace.  This was the work of the occupant of an unimportant and suffragan see.  Is not a presidency of this kind far preferable to a title derived from a superior see, and a power which is based upon action rather than upon a name.

ΛΔʹ. Παρῆν μὲν ὁ βασιλεὺς βρέμων Χριστιανοῖς, δι' ὀργῆς δὲ ἡ χειροτονία, ἠπειλεῖτο δὲ ὁ προβληθείς: ἐπὶ ξυροῦ δὲ ἡ πόλις, ἢ μηκέτ' εἶναι μετὰ τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην, ἢ περισωθῆναι, καί τινος φιλανθρωπίας τυχεῖν. Προσεγεγόνει γὰρ οἷς παρώξυντο περὶ τῆς Τύχης, ἐν καιρῷ τῆς εὐτυχίας περιλυθείσης, καὶ ἡ περὶ τὸν ἄνδρα καινοτομία, ὡς τῶν δημοσίων σεσυλημένων. Ἐζήτει δὲ ὁ τοῦ ἔθνους ἄρχων ὅ τι χαρίσαιτο τῷ καιρῷ, κἀκεῖνον τί διαθείη κακὸν, οὐδὲ ἄλλως πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔχων ἐπιτηδείως, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐξ ἀντιπολιτείας διάφορος ὤν. Ἐκάλει δὲ δι' ἐπιστολῶν τοὺς χειροτονήσαντας ὡς κατηγορήσοντας, οὐκ ἔτι ἀπραγμόνως, ἀλλ' ἤδη τι καὶ ἀπειλῆς προστιθεὶς, ὡς τοῦτο ἀπαιτοῦντος τοῦ βασιλέως. Τότε τοίνυν καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐλθούσης ἐπιστολῆς, οὐδὲν δείσας, οὐδὲ μικρὸν ἐπισχὼν (σκοπῶμεν τὴν παῤῥησίαν, ὅση καὶ μεθ' ὅσου τοῦ πνεύματος, ἐκ τῶν ἀντεπεσταλμένων), Ἡμεῖς, φησὶν, ὦ κράτιστε ἡγεμὼν, πάντων τῶν πραττομένων ἔχομεν ἐξεταστὴν ἕνα καὶ βασιλέα, τὸν νῦν πολεμούμενον: ἐκεῖνος καὶ τὴν νῦν ἐξετάσει χειροτονίαν, ἣν ἔνθεσμον καὶ φίλην αὐτῷ πεποιήμεθα. Ὑμῖν δὲ ἄλλο μέν τι βιάζεσθαι βουλομένοις, καὶ πάνυ ῥᾷστον: τοῦτο δὲ οὐδεὶς ἡμᾶς ἀφαιρήσεται, τὸ συνηγορεῖν, ὡς ὀρθῶς καὶ δικαίως πεπραγμένοις, τοῖς πεπραγμένοις: εἰ μὴ καὶ τοῦτον θείητε τὸν νόμον, οἷς οὐ θεμιτὸν παρακύπτειν εἰς τὰ ἡμέτερα. Τοῦτο τὸ γράμμα καὶ αὐτὸς ἐθαύμασεν ὁ δεξάμενος, εἰ καὶ πρὸς ὀλίγον ἐχαλέπῃνεν, ὡς οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν τὰ ἐκείνου καλῶς γιγνωσκόντων ἀπήγγελλον: τοῦτο καὶ βασιλέως τὴν ὁρμὴν ἔστησε, καὶ τοῦ κινδύνου τὴν πόλιν ἀπήλλαξεν, οὐ φαύλως δ' ἂν προσθείην, ὅτι καὶ τῆς αἰσχύνης ἡμᾶς. Τούτου τοῦ μικροπολίτου τὸ ἔργον, καὶ τῆς καθέδρας τὰ δεύτερα ἔχοντος. Ἆρ' οὐ πολλῷ βέλτιον οὕτω πρωτεύειν, ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν ὑψηλοτέρων θρόνων φθέγγεσθαι, καὶ κρατεῖν ἐν τοῖς πράγμασι μᾶλλον ἢ τοῖς ὀνόμασιν;