Chapter Ii. That the Holy Body of Christ is Lifegiving, wherein He speaks of His Own Body as of Bread.

48, 49, 50 I am the Bread of life. Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and died: This is the Bread Which came down from heaven, that a man may eat thereof and not die.

Full clearly may one herein behold that which was spoken afore by the Prophet Isaiah, I was made manifest to them that seek Me not, I was found of them that asked not for Me, I said, Behold Me, unto a nation that was not called by My Name: all the day spread I out My Hands unto a rebellious and gainsaying people. For, removing the whole case from His speech, and having taken away (so to say) all that cloaked it. He at length reveals Himself unveiled to them of Israel, saying, I am the Bread of life, that they may now learn that if they would be superior to corruption, and would put off the death which from the transgression fell upon us, they must needs approach to the participation of Him who is mighty to quicken, and destroyeth corruption, and bringeth to nought death: for this verily is a work proper and most fit for that which is by Nature Life. But since they, affirming that the manna was given to their fathers in the wilderness, received not the Bread which of a truth came down from heaven, that is, the Son, He maketh a necessary comparison between the type and the truth, that so they might know that not that is the Bread which is from heaven, but He Whom the trial shews to be so by Nature. For your fathers (saith He) and ancestors by eating the manna, gave to the bodily nature its need, gaining thereby life for a season, and imparting to the flesh its daily sustenance therefrom, with difficulty effected that it should not die at once. But it will be (He says) the clearest proof of its not being the Bread which is from heaven in a truer sense, that they who partook were no way benefited thereby unto incorruption: a token again in like way that the Son is properly and truly the Bread of Life, that they who have once partaken, and been in some way immingled with Him through the communion with Him have been shewn superior to the very bonds of death. For that the manna again is taken rather as an image or shadow of Christ, and was typifying the Bread of Life, but was not itself the Bread of Life, has been often said by us: and the Psalmist supporteth us, crying out in the Spirit, He gave them bread of Heaven, man did eat angels' bread. For it seems to have been said to them of Israel by the Spirit-clad, but in truth it is not so, but to us rather is the aim of the words directed. For is it not foolish and utterly senseless to suppose that the holy angels which are in heaven, albeit they have an incorporeal nature, should partake grosser food, and need such aid in order to prevail unto life, as this body of earth desires? But I think it nothing hard to conceive, that, since they are spirits, they should need like food, spiritual (I mean) and of wisdom. How then is angels' bread said to have been given to the ancestors of the Jews, if the Prophet speaks truly in so crying? But it is manifest, that since the typical manna was an image of Christ, Which containeth and upholdeth all things in being, nourishing the angels and quickening the things on earth, the Prophet was calling that which is signified by shadows by the name of the truth,----from the fact that the holy angels could not partake of the more earthly food, drawing off his hearers even against their will from any gross conception as to the manna, and bringing them up to the spiritual meaning, that of Christ, Who is the Food of the holy Angels themselves also.

They then who ate the manna (He says) are dead, not having received any participation of life therefrom (for it was not truly lifegiving, but rather taken as an aid against carnal hunger and in type of the true); but they who receive in themselves the Bread of Life, will have immortality as their prize, wholly setting at nought corruption and its consequent evils, and will mount up unto boundless and unending length of Life in Christ. Nor will it at all damage our words on this subject that they who have been made partakers of Christ, need to taste bodily death on account of what is due to nature; for even though they falling into this end undergo the lot of humanity, yet, as Paul saith, they that shall live, live to God. 51 I am the Living Bread Which came down from heaven; if any man eat of this Bread he shall live for ever.

To say the same things unto you, to me indeed is not grievous, but for you it is safe, writes the Divine Paul to certain, in this too (I suppose) instructed by these very words of the Saviour. For as those who are diseased with wounds, need not the application of a single plaister, but manifold tending, and that not once applied, but by its continuance of application expelling the pain: so (I ween) for the soul most rugged, and withered mind, should many aids of teaching be contrived and come one after the other: for one will avail to soften it not by one and the first leading, but through its successive coming to it, even if it come in the same words. Oftentimes then does the Saviour bringing round the same manner of speech to the Jews set it before them manifoldly, sometimes darkly, and clad in much obscurity, at other times freed delivered and let loose from all double meaning, that they still disbelieving, might lack nothing yet unto their condemnation, but being evil evilly might be destroyed, themselves against their own soul thrusting the sword of perdition.

Christ therefore no longer concealing anything says, I am the Living Bread Which came down from heaven. That was (He says) a type and a shadow and an image. Hear Him now openly and no more veiled, I am the Living Bread, if any man eat of this Bread, he shall live for ever. They who ate of that died, for it was not lifegiving: he that eateth of This Bread, that is Me, or My Flesh, shall live for ever. We must then beware of and reject alike hardening ourselves to the words of piety, since Christ not once only, but oftentimes persuadeth us. For there is no doubt, that they will full surely be open to the severest charges, who turn aside to the uttermost folly, and through boundless unbelief, refuse not to rage against the Author of the most excellent things. Therefore says He of the Jews, If I had not come and spoken unto them, they had not had sin, but now they have no cloke for their sin. For they who have never by hearing received the word of salvation into their heart, will haply find the Judge milder, while they plead that they heard not at all, even though they shall specially give account for not having sought to learn: but they who often instructed by the same admonitions and words to the seeking after what is profitable, senselessly imagine that they ought to deprive themselves of the most excellent good things, shall undergo most bitter punishment, and shall meet with an offended judge, not able to find an excuse for their folly which may shame Him.

And the Bread which I will give is My Flesh for the life of the world.

I die (He says) for all, that I may quicken all by Myself, and I made My Flesh a Ransom for the flesh of all. For death shall die in My Death, and with Me shall rise again (He says) the fallen nature of man. For for this became I like to you, Man (that is) and of the seed of Abraham, that I might be made like in all things unto My brethren. The blessed Paul himself also, well understanding what Christ just now said to us says, Forasmuch then as the children have partaken of flesh and blood, He also Himself likewise took part of the same, that through death He might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil. For no otherwise was it possible that he that hath the power of death should be destroyed, and death itself also, had not Christ given Himself for us, a Ransom, One for all, for He was in behalf of all. Wherefore He says in the Psalms too, offering Himself as a spotless Sacrifice to God the Father, Sacrifice and offering Thou wouldest not, but a Body preparedst Thou Me. In whole burnt-offerings and offerings for sin Thou tookedst no pleasure: then said I, Lo I come ( inthe chapter of the book it is written of Me) to do Thy will, O God, was My choice. For since the blood of bulls and of goats and the ashes of an heifer sufficed not unto the purging away of sin, nor yet would the slaughter of brute beasts ever have destroyed the power of death, Christ Himself came in in some way to undergo punishment for all. For with His stripes We were healed, as saith the Prophet, and His Own Self bare our sins in His Own Body on the tree; and He was crucified for all and on account of all, that if One died for all, all we might live in Him. For it was not possible that He should be holden by death, neither could corruption over-master that Which is by Nature Life. But that Christ gave His Own Flesh for the Life of the world, we shall know by His words also, for He saith, Holy Father keep them; and again, For their sakes I sanctify Myself. He here says that He sanctifies Himself, not aiding Himself unto sanctification for the purification of the soul or spirit (as it is understood of us), nor yet for the participation of the Holy Ghost, for the Spirit was in Him by Nature, and He was and is Holy always, and will be so ever. He here says, I sanctify Myself, for, I offer Myself and present Myself as a spotless Sacrifice for an odour of a sweet smell. For that which is brought to the Divine Altar was sanctified, or called holy according to the law.

Christ therefore gave His Own Body for the life of all, and again through It He maketh Life to dwell in us; and how, I will say as I am able. For since the life-giving Word of God indwelt in the Flesh, He transformed it into His Own proper good, that is life, and by the unspeakable character of this union, coming wholly together with It, rendered It life-giving, as Himself is by Nature. Wherefore the Body of Christ giveth life to all who partake of It. For it expels death, when It cometh to be in dying men, and removeth corruption, full in Itself perfectly of the Word which abolisheth corruption.

But a man will haply say, fixing the eye of his understanding upon the resurrection of them that have slept: They who received not the faith in Christ, and were not partakers of Him, will not live again at the time of the resurrection. What? shall not every created thing that has fallen into death return again to life?

To these things we say, Yes, all flesh shall live again: for Prophecy foretells that the dead shall be raised. For we consider that the Mystery through the resurrection of Christ extendeth over the whole nature of man, and in Him first we believe that our whole nature has been released from corruption. For all shall rise, after the likeness of Him That was raised for our sakes, and hath all in Himself, in that He is Man. And as in the first-formed we fell down into death, so in the First-born again, who was so for our sakes, all shall rise again from the dead: but they that did good, unto the resurrection of life (as it is written), and they that wrought evil, unto the resurrection of doom. And I will grant, that in no passing degree bitterer than death is the resurrection unto punishment, and the receiving life again unto disgrace alone. In the stricter sense then wo must understand the Life that is really so, the life in Christ, in holiness and bliss and unfailing delight. For that this is truly life the wise John too knows, saying, He that believeth on the Son hath everlasting life, and he that believeth not the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God shall abide on him. For lo, lo, he says that he which is in unbelief shall not see life: although every creature looks to return again to life, and to rise again. It is then manifest, that the Saviour with reason called that the life which is prepared for the Saints, I mean that in glory and in holiness, which that we ought to pursue after by coming to the participation of the Life-giving Flesh, no right-minded person will doubt.

But since the Saviour called Himself Bread in many of the passages that have already been before us, let us see whether He would not hereby too bring to our mind any one of the things fore-announced and is reminding us of the things in Holy Writ, wherein He was long ago signified under the form of bread. It is written then in Numbers, And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, Speak untothe children of Israel, and thou shalt say unto them., When ye come into the land whither I bring you, then it shall be, that when Ye eat of the bread of the land, ye shall offer up an heave-offering a separationunto the Lord: a cake the first-fruit of your dough shall ye offer for an heave-offering: as an heave offering of the threshingfloor, so shall ye heave it, a first fruit of your dough, and ye shall give unto the Lord, an heave offering unto your generations. Obscurely then, and bearing a gross covering as of the letter, did the law typify these things: yet did it proclaim afore the true Very Bread That cometh down from heaven, i. e., Christ, and giveth life unto the world. For observe how He made Man like us by reason of His Likeness to us, a certain First-fruits of our dough and heave offering, as it is written, was offered up to God the Father, set forth the First-Begotten of the dead, and the First-fruits of the resurrection of all ascending into heaven itself. For He was taken of us, He took hold of the seed of Abraham, as Paul saith, He was offered up, as of all, and in behalf of all, that He might quicken all, and might be offered to God the Father, as it were the first handful of the floor. But as He being in truth Light, put that grace upon His disciples; for He says, Ye are the light of the world: so too He being the Living Bread, and That quickeneth all things and keepeth them in being, by a likeness and through the shadow of the Law, was typifying in the twelve loaves the holy choir of the Apostles. For thus He says in Leviticus, And the Lord spalce unto Moses, saying, Command the children of Israel, that they bring unto thee oil olive pure beaten for the light, to cause the lamp to burn continually without the vail in the tabernacle of the testimony. And then He proceeds, And ye shall take fine flour, and make twelve cakes thereof: two tenth deals shall be in one cake. And ye shall set them in two rows, six in a row, upon the pure table before the Lord, and shall put pure frankincense upon each row, and salt, and it shall be on the loaves for a memorial unto the Lord.

The lamp then in the holy tabernacle, and giving light without the vail, we said in the foregoing was the blessed John, nourished with the purest oil, that is, the illumination through the Spirit: outside the vail, because his doctrine was catechetic: for he says, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight the paths of our God. But the things within the vail, that is, the hidden Mystery of Christ, he sheweth not much. For I (he saith) baptize you with water unto repentance, but He That cometh after me is mightier than I, Whose shoes I am not worthy to bear, He shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire. Seest thou then how he shines, as in simpler speech calling unto repentance; but the things within the vail he commits to Him That baptizeth with fire and the Spirit, to lay open? And these things we have set forth more at large, on the words, at the beginning of the book, He was the burning and the shining light: yet we touched on them now cursorily, since it was necessary, on John's passing away, to shew that the preaching of the holy Apostles was near and straightway present.

For for this reason, I suppose, the Scripture, having first signified him by the lamp puts before us the consideration of the twelve loaves. Ye shall make (it says) twelve cakes: two tenth deals shall be in one cake. It is the custom of the Divine Scripture, to receive ever the number ten as perfect, and to acknowledge it as the fullest, since the series and order of the consecutive numbers, receiving a kind of revolution and mutiplication of the same into the same, advances and is extended to whatsoever one will. He commands then that each cake be of two tenth deals, that you may see perfection in the disciples, in the even pair, I mean both active virtue, and that of contemplation. He bids two rows to be made (and profitably so) well nigh indicating the very position, which it was (as is like) their custom to take, ever receiving the Lord in the midst of them, and accustomed ever to surround Him as their Master. And that we may know that, as Paul saith, they are unto God the Father a sweet savour of Christ, He bids frankincense to be put on the cakes, and that they be sprinkled also with salt. For it is said to them, Ye are the salt of the earth. Yea and with reason does He bid it be offered upon the Sabbath day, for they were made manifest in the last times of the world: and the last day of the week is the Sabbath. And not only so, but because at the time of our Saviour's coming we held a Sabbath spiritually: for we rested from sin. And then were the holy Apostles also made manifest unto us, by whose Divine writings also we nourished attain unto the life in holiness. Therefore on the Sabbath day specially doth He bid the cakes to be set out upon the holy table, that is, in the Church. For the whole is often signified by a part. But what is holier than the holy Table of Christ? Therefore the Saviour was pre-typified as bread by the Law: the Apostles again as cakes by their likeness to Him. For all things were in verity in Christ, but by likeness to Him, they belong to us too through His grace.

52, 53  The Jews therefore were striving among themselves saying, How can This Man give us His Flesh to eat? Jesus therefore said unto them,

All things are plain to him that understandeth, and right to them that find knowledge, as it is written, but darksome to the foolish is even that which is exceeding easy. For the truly wise hearer shuts up the more obvious teaching in the treasury of his understanding, not admitting any delay in respect of this: but as to the things the meaning whereof is hard, he goes about with his enquiries, and does not cease asking about them; and he seems to me profitably to press on to do much the same as they say that the fleetest dogs of the chase do, who having from nature great quickness of scent, keep running round the haunts of their game. And does not the wise and prophetic oracle call to some similar habit, Seeking seek and dwell with Me? For the seeker must seek, that is, must bring a most unflinching zeal thereto, and not go astray after empty speculations, but in proportion as anything is more rugged in its difficulty, with so much the more vigorous mind must he apply himself and carry by storm with more resolute onset of his thoughts that which is concealed. But the unpractised and unteachable mind, whatever starts up before it, rages at it with its unbelief, rejects the word 'conquering' as spurious, from undisciplined daring mounting up to the last degree of arrogance. For that which will give way to none, nor think that ought is greater than it, how will it not at last be, what we have just said?

And we shall find by looking into the nature of the thing that the Jews too fell into this disorder. For when they ought to have accepted unhesitatingly the words of the Saviour, having already through many things marvelled at His God-befitting Power and His incontestable Authority over all, and to have enquired what was hard of attainment, and to have besought instruction wherein they were perplexed: they senseless repeat How to God, as though they knew not that it is a word replete with all blasphemy. For the Power of accomplishing all things without toil belongs to God, but they, being natural men, as the blessed Paul saith, received not the things of the Spirit of God, but the so dread Mystery seems folly to them.

We then ought, to derive benefit herefrom, and reestablishing our own life by others' falls, to hold without question our faith in the teaching of the Divine Mysteries and not to apply How to ought that is told us (for it is a Jewish word, and therefore deserving of extremest punishment). And when the ruler of the synagogue of the Jews, Nicodemus by name, on hearing the Divine words, said, How can these things be? with justice was he ridiculed hearing, Art Thou a master of Israel, and knowest not these things? Let us then, found more skilful in the search after what is profitable, even by others' folly, beware of saying How, to what God works, but rather study to attribute to Him the knowledge of the mode of His Own Works. For as no one will know what God is by Nature, but he is justified who believeth that He is and that He is a Rewarder of them that diligently seek Him: so again will one be ignorant of the mode of His several acts, but by committing the issue to faith, and by confessing the Almighty Power of God Who is over all, will he receive the not contemptible reward of so good a decision. For the Lord of all Himself willing us so to be affected saith by the Prophet Isaiah, For My Counsels are not as your counsels, neither as your ways are My Ways, saith the Lord, but as the heaven is far from the earth, so are My Ways far from your ways, and your thoughts from My Mind. But He That so greatly surpasseth us in wisdom and might, how shall He not also work wonderfully, and overpass our understanding?

I would fain introduce yet an argument besides, no mean one, as I think. For they who in this life take up the knowledge of mechanics (as it is called) often engage to perform some great thing, and the way of doing it is hidden from the mind of hearers, till they have seen it done; but they looking at the skill that is in them, even before the trial itself, accept it on faith, not venturing to gainsay. How then (may one say) will not they with reason be open to heavy charges, for daring to dishonour with their unbelief God the Chiefest Worker of all things, who refuse not to say how to those things which He worketh, albeit they acknowledge Him to be the Giver of all wisdom, and are taught by the whole Divine Scripture that He can do all things? But if thou persistest, O Jew, saying How! I too will imitate for thy sake thine ignorance, and say to thee, how earnest thou out of Egypt? how (tell me) was the rod of Moses changed into a serpent? how became the hand leprous, and was again restored, as it is written? how passed the water into the nature of blood? how passedst thou through the Red Sea, as through dry land? how by means of a tree was the bitter water of Mara changed into sweet? how too was water supplied to thee from the breasts of the rocks? how was the manna brought down to thee? how again stood the Jordan in his place? or how through a shout alone was the impregnable wall of Jericho shattered? And will that how never fail thee? For thou wilt be detected, already amazed at many mighty works, to which if thou appliest the how, thou wilt wholly disbelieve all Divine Scripture, and wilt overthrow all the words of the holy Prophets, and, above all, the holy writings of thine own Moses himself. It were therefore meeter far, that, believing in Christ and assenting unhesitatingly to His words, ye should be zealous to learn the mode of the blessing, and not be inconsiderately intoxicate saying, How can this Man give us His Flesh to eat? for the word this Man too they say in disdain. For some such meaning again does their arrogant speech hint at.

53 Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the Flesh of the Son of Man and drink His Blood, ye have not life in you.

Long-suffering truly and of great mercy is Christ, as one may see from the words now before us. For in no wise reproaching the littleness of soul of the unbelievers, He again richly gives them the life-giving knowledge of the Mystery, and having overcome, as God, the arrogance of them that grieve Him, He tells them those things whereby they shall (He says) mount up to endless life. And how He will give them His Flesh to eat, He tells them not as yet, for He knew that they were in darkness, and could never avail to understand the ineffable: but how great good will result from the eating He shews to their profit, that haply inciting them to a desire of living in greater preparation for unfading pleasures, He may teach them faith. For to them that have now believed there follows suitably the power too of learning. For so saith the prophet Isaiah, If ye will not believe neither yet shall ye understand. It was therefore right, that faith having been first rooted in them, there should next be brought in understanding of those things whereof they are ignorant, and that the investigation should not precede faith.

For this cause (I suppose) did the Lord with reason refrain from telling them how He would give them His Flesh to eat, and calls them to the duty of believing before seeking. For to them that had at length believed He brake bread, and gave to them, saying, Take, eat, This is My Body. Likewise handing round the Cup to them all, He saith, Drink of it all of you, for this is My Blood of the New Testament, which is being shed for many for the remission of sins. Seest thou how to those who were yet senseless and thrust from them faith without investigation. He explaineth not the mode of the Mystery, but to those who had now believed, He is found to declare it most clearly? Let them then, who of their folly have not yet admitted the faith in Christ, hear, Except ye eat the Flesh of the Son of Man and drink His Blood, ye have no life in you. For wholly destitute of all share and taste of that life which is in sanctification and bliss, do they abide who do not through the mystical Blessing receive Jesus. For He is Life by Nature, inasmuch as He was begotten of a Living Father: no less quickening is His Holy Body also, being in a manner gathered and ineffably united with the all-quickening Word. Wherefore It is accounted His, and is conceived of as One with Him. For, since the Incarnation, it is inseparable; except as regards the knowledge that the Word Which came from God the Father, and the temple from the Virgin, are not indeed the same in nature (for the Body is not consubstantial with the Word from God), yet are they One by that coming-together and ineffable concurrence. And since the Flesh of the Saviour hath become life-giving (as being united to That which is by Nature Life, the Word from God), when we taste It, then have we life in ourselves, we too united to It, as It to the indwelling Word. For this cause also, when He raised the dead, the Saviour is found to have operated, not by word only, or God-befitting commands, but He laid a stress on employing His Holy Flesh as a sort of co-operator unto this, that He might shew that It had the power to give life, and was already made one with Him. For it was in truth His Own Body, and not another's. And verily when He was raising the little daughter of the chief of the Synagogue saying, Maid, arise, He laid hold of her hand, as it is written, giving life, as God, by His All-Powerful command, and again, giving life through the touch of His Holy Flesh, He shews that there was one kindred operation through both. Yea and when He went into the city called Nain, and one was being carried out dead, the only son of his mother, again He touched the bier, saying, Young man, to thee I say, Arise. And not only to His Word gives He power to give life to the dead, but that He might shew that His Own Body was life-giving (as I have said already), He touches the dead, thereby also infusing life into those already decayed. And if by the touch alone of His Holy Flesh, He giveth life to that which is decayed, how shall we not profit yet more richly by the life-giving Blessing when we also taste It? For It will surely transform into Its own good, i. e., immortality, those who partake of It.

And wonder not hereat, nor ask thyself in Jewish manner, How? but rather consider that water is cold by nature, but when it is poured into a kettle and brought to the fire, then it all but forgets its own nature, and goes away unto the operation of that which has mastered it. We too then in the same way, even though we be corruptible through the nature of our flesh, yet forsaking our own infirmity by the immingling of life, are trans-elemented to Its property, that is, life. For it needed, it needed that not only should the soul be re-created through the Holy Ghost into newness of life, but also that this gross and earthly body should by the grosser and kindred participation be sanctified and called to incorruption. But let not the Jew sluggish of understanding ever suppose that a mode of some new mysteries has been discovered by us. For he will see it in the older books, I mean those of Moses, already fore-shadowed out and bearing the force of the truth, for that it was accomplished in outward forms too. For what (tell me) shamed the destroyer? what provided that their forefathers also should not perish along with the Egyptians, when death, the conqueror of all, was arming himself against the firstborn? is it not manifest to all, that when they, in obedience to the Divine Law sacrificed the lamb, and having tasted of its flesh anointed the doorposts with the blood, death was compelled to pass them by, as sanctified? For the destroyer, that is, the death of the body, was arrayed against the whole nature of man, by reason of the transgression of the first-formed man. For then first did we hear, Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. But since Christ was about to overthrow the so dire tyrant, by existing in us as Life through His Holy Flesh, the Mystery was fore-typified to them of old, and they tasted of the flesh of the lamb, and were sanctified and preserved by its blood, he that was appointed to destroy passing by, by the appointment of God, those who were partakers of the lamb. Why then art thou angry, O Jew, at being now called from the types to the truth, when Christ says, Except ye eat the Flesh of the Son of Man and drink His Blood, ye have not life in you? albeit thou oughtest to come with more confidence to the comprehending of the Mystery, pre-instructed by the books of Moses, and by most ancient figures led most undoubtingly to the duty of faith.

54 Whoso eateth My Flesh and drinketh My Blood hath eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day.

Herein too ought we specially to admire the holy Evangelist openly crying, And the Word was made Flesh. For he shrank not from saying, not that He was made in Flesh, but that He was made Flesh, that he might shew the Union. And we do not say either that God the Word, of the Father, was transformed into the nature of the Flesh, or that the flesh passed into the Word (for Each remaineth that which it is by nature, and One Christ of Both); but in a manner unspeakable and passing human understanding, the Word united to His Own Flesh, and having, as it were, transformed It all into Himself (according to the operation which lieth in His power of quickening things lacking life) drave forth of our nature the corruption, and dislodged too death which of old prevailed by means of sin. He therefore that eateth the Holy Flesh of Christ, hath eternal life: for the Flesh hath in Itself the Word Which is by Nature Life. Wherefore He saith, I will raise him up at the last day. Instead of saying, My Body shall raise him up, i. e., him that eateth It, He hath put I: not as though He were other than His Own Flesh (and not wholly so by nature), for after the Union He cannot at all be severed into a pair of sons. I therefore (He saith) Who am become in him, through Mine Own Flesh, that is, will raise up him who eateth thereof, in the last day. For it were indeed even impossible that He Which is by Nature Life, should not surely overcome decay, and master death. Wherefore even though death which by the transgression sprang on us compel the human body to the debt of decay, yet since Christ is in us through His Own Flesh, we shall surely rise. For it were incredible, yea rather impossible, that Life should not make alive those in whom It is. For as if one took a spark and buried it amid much stubble, in order that the seed of fire preserved might lay hold on it, so in us too our Lord Jesus Christ hideth life through His Own Flesh, and inserts it as a seed of immortality, abolishing the whole corruption that is in us.

55 For My Flesh is True Meat and My Blood True Drink.

Again does He contrast the Mystic Blessing with the supply of manna, and the savour of the cup with the founts from rocky beds. And what He said afore in other words, this He again says here, manifoldly fashioning the same discourse. For He does not advise them to marvel overmuch at the manna, but rather to receive Him, as Bread from Heaven, and the Giver of eternal life. For Your fathers (He says) ate the manna in the wilderness and died: this is the Bread Which cometh down from heaven, that a man may eat thereof and not die. For the food of manna (says He) having for a very little time sported with the need of the body, and driven away the hurt of want, was again powerless, and did not engraft eternal life in them that had eaten thereof. That then was not the true Food, and Bread from heaven, that is; but the Holy Body of Christ, Which nourishes to immortality and life everlasting, is verily the true Food. 'Yea and they drank water also from the rock.' 'And what then' (He says) 'or what the profit to them who drank? for they have died.' That too then was not true drink; but true Drink in truth is found to be the Precious Blood of Christ, Which uproots from the foundation all corruption, and dislodges death which dwelt in the flesh of man. For it is not the Blood of any chance man, but of the Very Life that is by Nature. Wherefore we are entitled both the Body and the members of Christ, as receiving through the Blessing the Son Himself in ourselves.

56 He that eateth My Flesh and drinketh My Blood dwelleth in Me and I in him.

Manifoldly does Christ initiate us by these words, and since His Discourse is hard of attainment by the more unlearned, asking for itself rather the understanding of faith than investigation, He revolving again and again over the same ground makes it easy in divers ways, and from all parts illumines what is useful therein, fixing as a kind of foundation and groundwork the most excellent desire for it. For he that eateth My Flesh (saith He) and drinketh My Blood abideth in Me and I in him. For as if one should join wax with other wax, he will surely see (I suppose) the one in the other; in like manner (I deem) he who receiveth the Flesh of our Saviour Christ and drinketh His Precious Blood, as He saith, is found one with Him, commingled as it were and immingled with Him through the participation, so that he is found in Christ, Christ again in him. Thus was Christ teaching us in the Gospel too according to Matthew, saying, The Kingdom of heaven is like unto leaven, which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal, till the whole was leavened. Who then the woman is, what the three measures of meal, or what the measure at all, shall be spoken of in its proper place: for the present we will speak only of the leaven. As then Paul saith that a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump, so the least portion of the Blessing blendeth our whole body with itself, and filleth it with its own mighty working, and so Christ cometh to be in us, and we again in Him. For one may truly say that the leaven is in the whole lump, and the lump by like reasoning is in the whole leaven: you have in brief the sense of the words. And if we long for eternal life, if we pray to have the Giver of immortality in ourselves, let us not like some of the more heedless refuse to be blessed nor let the Devil deep in wickedness, lay for us a trap and snare a perilous reverence.

Yea (says he) for it is written, He that eateth of the Bread, and drinketh of the Cup unworthily, eateth and drinketh doom unto himself: and I, having examined myself, see that I am not worthy.

When then wilt thou be worthy (will he who thus speaks hear from us) when wilt thou present thyself to Christ? for if thou art always going to be scared away by thy stumblings, thou wilt never cease from stumbling (for who can understand his errors? as saith the holy Psalmist) and wilt be found wholly without participation of that wholly-preserving sanctification. Decide then to lead a holier life, in harmony with the law, and so receive the Blessing, believing that it hath power to expel, not death only, but the diseases in us. For Christ thus coming to be in us lulleth the law which rageth in the members of the flesh, and kindleth piety to God-ward, and deadeneth our passions, not imputing to us the transgressions in which we are, but rather, healing us, as sick. For He bindeth up that which was crushed, He raiseth what had fallen, as a Good Shepherd and One that hath laid down His Life for His sheep.  

ΚΕΦΑΛΗ Β. Ὅτι ζωοποιὸν τὸ ἅγιον σῶμα Χριστοῦ, ἐν οἷς ὡς περὶ ἄρτου φησὶ τοῦ ἰδίου σώματος.
« Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς. οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν ἔφαγον τὸ μάννα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καὶ ἀπέθανον: οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβαίνων, ἵνα τις ἐξ αὐτοῦ φάγῃ καὶ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ. » ΣΑΦΩΣ δὴ λίαν ἐν τούτοις ἐκεῖνο καταθεάσασθαι παρέσται τὸ διὰ τοῦ προφήτου προαναφωνούμενον Ἡσαΐου “Ἐμφανὴς ἐγενόμην τοῖς ἐμὲ μὴ ζητοῦσιν, ηὑρέθην τοῖς ” ἐμὲ μὴ ἐπερωτῶσιν: εἶπα Ἰδού εἰμι τῷ ἔθνει ὃς οὐκ ἐκά“λεσεν τὸ ὄνομά μου: ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν ἐξεπέτασα τὰς ” χεῖράς μου πρὸς λαὸν ἀπειθοῦντα καὶ ἀντιλέγοντα.“ ὅλην γὰρ τοῦ λόγου τὴν λεβηρίδα περιελὼν, καὶ πᾶσαν, ἵν' οὕτως εἴπω, περιστολὴν ἀποστήσας, ἀκατακαλύπτως ἤδη τοῖς ἐξ Ἰσραὴλ ἑαυτὸν ἐμφανίζει λέγων Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς, ἵνα δὴ μάθοιεν, ὡς, εἴπερ ἔχουσι θελητὸν τὸ κρείττους εἶναι τῆς φθορᾶς, καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν ἐκ παραβάσεως ἐπισκήψαντα θάνατον ἀποδύσασθαι, δεήσει βαδίζειν αὐτοὺς εἰς μετάληψιν τοῦ ζωοποιεῖν ἰσχύοντος, καὶ ἀφανίζοντος μὲν τὴν φθορὰν, καταργοῦντος δὲ καὶ τὸν θάνατον: ἔργον γὰρ ὄντως τοῦτο τῆς κατὰ φύσιν ζωῆς ἴδιόν τε καὶ πρεπωδέστατον. ἐπειδὴ δὲ δεδόσθαι τὸ μάννα κατὰ τὴν ἔρημον τοῖς πατράσιν αὐτῶν διαβεβαιούμενοι, τὸν ἄρτον ἀληθῶς τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταφοιτήσαντα, τουτέστι τὸν Υἱὸν, οὐκ ἐδέχοντο, ἀναγκαίαν τοῦ τύπου πρὸς τὸ ἀληθὲς ποιεῖται τὴν σύγκρισιν, ἵν' οὕτως εἰδεῖεν οὐκ ἐκεῖνον ὄντα τὸν ἄρτον τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἀλλ' ὃν ἡ τοῦ πράγματος πεῖρα τοιοῦτον κατὰ φύσιν ὄντα δεικνύει: οἱ μὲν γὰρ ὑμέτεροι, φησὶ, πατέρες τε καὶ πρόγονοι φαγόντες τὸ μάννα, τῇ τοῦ σώματος φύσει τὸ χρέος ἀποδεδώκασι, πρόσκαιρον δι' ἐκείνου τὴν ζωὴν ἀποκερδάναντες, καὶ ἐφήμερον τὴν ἐξ αὐτοῦ τροφὴν τῇ σαρκὶ προσκομίζοντες, τὸ μὴ παραυτίκα τεθνάναι μόλις ἐπραγματεύοντο. εἴη δ' ἂν ἐναργεστάτη, φησὶν, ἀπόδειξις τοῦ μὴ ἄρτον εἶναι τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ κατὰ τὸ ἀληθέστερον, τὸ μηδαμόθεν εἰς ἀφθαρσίαν ὠφελεῖσθαι δι' αὐτοῦ τοὺς μετεσχηκότας: σημεῖον δὲ πάλιν ὁμοίως τοῦ κυρίως τε καὶ ἀληθῶς ἄρτον εἶναι ζωῆς τὸν Υἱὸν, τὸ καὶ αὐτῶν ἀναδείκνυσθαι κρείττονας τῶν ἐκ θανάτου δεσμῶν τοὺς ἅπαξ μετεσχηκότας, καὶ ἀνακεκραμένους τρόπον τινὰ διὰ τῆς κοινωνίας αὐτῷ. ὅτι γὰρ πάλιν εἰς εἰκόνα μᾶλλον, ἢ σκιὰν, τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὸ μάννα λαμβάνεται, καὶ τὸν ἄρτον ὑπεδήλου τῆς ζωῆς, αὐτὸ δὲ οὐκ ἦν ὁ τῆς ζωῆς ἄρτος, εἴρηται μὲν ἡμῖν διὰ πολλῶν: συνεργεῖ δέ πως καὶ ὁ ψαλμῳδὸς ἐν πνεύματι βοῶν ” Ἄρτον οὐρανοῦ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς, ἄρτον ἀγ“γέλων ἔφαγεν ἄνθρωπος.” δοκεῖ μὲν γάρ πως ὁ λόγος ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐξ Ἰσραὴλ εἰρῆσθαι παρὰ τοῦ πνευματοφόρου, ἔχει δὲ οὐχ οὕτω τὸ ἀληθὲς, ἐφ' ἡμῖν δὲ μᾶλλον ὁ τῶν εἰρημένων σκοπὸς συντείνεται. ἢ γὰρ οὐκ εὔηθες καὶ ἀνόητον κομιδῇ τοὺς ὄντας κατὰ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἁγίους ἀγγέλους, καίτοι φύσιν λαχόντας τὴν ἀσώματον, παχυτέρας μετίσχειν οἴεσθαι τροφῆς, καὶ δεῖσθαι βοηθημάτων εἰς τὸ διακρατεῖσθαι πρὸς ζωὴν, ὁποίων περ ἂν καὶ τουτὶ τὸ ἐκ γῆς ἐπιθυμήσαι σῶμα; ἀλλ' οὐδὲν οἶμαι χαλεπὸν ἐννοεῖν, ὡς ἐπείπερ εἰσὶ πνεύματα, τοιαύτης ἂν δέοιντο καὶ τροφῆς, πνευματικῆς δηλονότι καὶ νοητῆς. πῶς οὖν ἄρτος ἀγγέλων τοῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων προγόνοις κεχορηγῆσθαι λέγεται, εἰ ἀληθεύοι τὰ τοιαῦτα βοῶν ὁ προφήτης; ἀλλ' ἔστι δῆλον, ὡς ἐπείπερ ἦν τὸ μάννα τὸ τυπικὸν εἰς εἰκόνα Χριστοῦ, τοῦ συνέχοντός τε καὶ διακρατοῦντος εἰς τὸ εἶναι τὰ πάντα, καὶ ἀποτρέφοντος μὲν ἀγγέλους, ζωογονοῦντος δὲ τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, τὸ ὡς ἐν σκιαῖς ὑποδηλούμενον ὀνόματι τῷ τῆς ἀληθείας ὁ προφήτης ἀπεκάλει, τῷ μὴ δύνασθαι τοὺς ἁγίους ἀγγέλους γεωδεστέρας μετίσχειν τροφῆς, παχείας ὥσπερ ἐννοίας, τῆς ἐπὶ τῷ μάννᾳ φημὶ, καὶ οὐχ ἑκόντας ἐξέλκων τοὺς ἀκροωμένους, ἀνακομίζων δέ πως εἰς λόγον πνευματικὸν, τὸν ἐπ' αὐτῷ δηλονότι τῷ Χριστῷ, ὃς καὶ αὐτῶν ἄρτος τῶν ἁγίων ἐστὶν ἀγγέλων. Οὐκοῦν οἱ μὲν φαγόντες τὸ μάννα, φησὶ, τετελευτήκασιν, ὡς οὐδεμιᾶς δηλονότι ζωῆς μετουσίαν παρ' αὐτοῦ δεξάμενοι: οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὄντως ζωοποιὸν, λιμοῦ δὲ μᾶλλον ἐπίκουρον σαρκικοῦ, καὶ ὡς ἐν τύπῳ τοῦ ἀληθεστέρου παραληφθέν. οἱ δὲ τὸν ἄρτον ἐν ἑαυτοῖς εἰσκομίζοντες τῆς ζωῆς, γέρας ἕξουσι τὴν ἀθανασίαν, φθορᾶς τε καὶ τῶν ἐκ ταύτης κακῶν παντελῶς ἀλογήσαντες, πρὸς ἀμήρυτόν τε καὶ ἀτελεύτητον βίου τοῦ κατὰ Χριστὸν ἀναβήσονται μῆκος. διαλυμανεῖται δὲ τοῖς περὶ τούτων ἡμῶν λόγοις οὐδὲν τὸ καὶ ἀπογεύσασθαι δεῖν θανάτου σαρκικοῦ διὰ τὸ τῇ φύσει πρέπον, τοὺς ἐν μεταλήψει γεγονότας τοῦ Χριστοῦ: ὅτι κἂν εἰ τῷ κοίνῳ δὴ τούτῳ περιολισθαίνοντες τέλει πάθωσι τὸ ἀνθρώπινον, ἀλλ' ὡς ὁ Παῦλός φησι, ζῶσι τῷ Θεῷ ζήσειν μέλλοντες.
« Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ζῶν ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς: ἐάν τις φάγῃ ἐκ τοῦ ἄρτου τούτου, ζήσει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. » “Τὰ αὐτὰ λέγειν ὑμῖν ἐμοὶ μὲν οὐκ ὀκνηρὸν, ὑμῖν δὲ ” ἀσφαλὲς,“ ἐπιστέλλει τισὶν ὁ θεσπέσιος Παῦλος, ἐξ αὐτῶν οἶμαι καὶ τοῦτο τῶν τοῦ Σωτῆρος πεπαιδευμένος ῥημάτων. ὅνπερ γὰρ τρόπον τοῖς ἀγριαίνουσι τῶν τραυμάτων, οὐχ ἑνὸς δεῖ φαρμάκου προσβολῆς, πολυειδοῦς δὲ μᾶλλον τῆς θεραπείας, καὶ οὐχ ἅπαξ τυχὸν προσκομιζομένης, ἀλλὰ τῇ συνεχείᾳ τῆς ἐπαγωγῆς ἐκπολιορκούσης τὸ πάθος: οὕτως οἶμαι δεῖν καὶ ἀπηνεστάτῃ ψυχῇ καὶ νῷ κατεσκληκότι, συχνὰς ἐπαρτύεσθαι, καὶ ἀλλεπαλλήλους ἰέναι τὰς ἐκ τῶν διδασκάλων ἐπικουρίας: καταμαλθάξαι γὰρ ἂν εἴη μὴ διὰ μιᾶς καὶ πρώτης ὑφηγήσεως, ἀλλά γε διὰ τῆς καὶ ἐσαῦθις προσκομιζομένης αὐτῷ, καὶ εἰ διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν ἔρχοιτο λόγων. πολλάκις τοιγαροῦν ὁ Σωτὴρ τὸν αὐτὸν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις ἀνακυκλήσας λόγον παρατίθησι ποικίλως, ποτὲ μὲν αἰνιγματώδη καὶ ἀσαφείᾳ πολλῇ κατημφιεσμένον, ποτὲ δὲ διπλόης ἁπάσης ἀπηλλαγμένον, ἀφειμένον τε καὶ ἄνετον, ἵνα λοιπὸν ἀπειθήσαντες, μηδενὸς ἔτι δέοιντο πρὸς κατάκρισιν, κακοὶ δὲ ἀπόλοιντο κακῶς, αὐτοὶ τῆς ἑαυτῶν κατωθοῦντες ψυχῆς τῆς ἀπωλείας τὸ ξίφος. Οὐδὲν τοιγαροῦν ἐπικρυψάμενος ἔτι φησὶν ὁ Χριστός Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ζῶν ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς. τύπος ἦν ἐκεῖνό φησι, καὶ σκιὰ καὶ εἰκών. ἀκούσατε διαῤῥήδην ἤδη καὶ οὐκέτι κεκαλυμμένως Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ζῶν, ἐάν τις φάγῃ ἐκ τοῦ ἄρτου τούτου ζήσεται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. οἱ ἐξ ἐκείνου φαγόντες ἀπέθανον: οὐ γὰρ ἦν ζωοποιός: ὁ δὲ τοῦτον ἐσθίων τὸν ἄρτον, τουτέστιν ἐμὲ, ἤτοι τὴν σάρκα τὴν ἐμὴν, ζήσεται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. παραφυλακτέον τοιγαροῦν καὶ παραιτητέον ὁμοῦ τὸ σκληρύνεσθαι τοῖς εἰς εὐσέβειαν λόγοις, οὐχ ἅπαξ ἡμᾶς, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλάκις μεταπείθοντος τοῦ Χριστοῦ. εἴη γὰρ ἂν οὐκ ἀμφίλογον, ὡς ἔνοχοι πάντως ἔσονται παγχαλέποις ἐγκλήμασιν, οἱ πρὸς ἐσχάτην ἐκνενευκότες ἀπόνοιαν, καὶ δι' ὑπερμέτρου τῆς ἀπειθείας ἐμπαροινεῖν οὐ παραιτούμενοι τῷ τῶν καλλίστων εἰσηγητῇ. διὰ τοῦτό φησι περὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ” Εἰ μὴ ἦλθον καὶ ἐλάλησα αὐτοῖς, ἁμαρτίαν “οὐκ εἴχοσαν: νυνὶ δὲ πρόφασιν οὐκ ἔχουσι περὶ τῆς ἁμαρ” τίας αὐτῶν.“ οἱ μὲν γὰρ οὐδαμῶς διὰ τῆς ἀκοῆς εἰς καρδίαν εἰσοικισάμενοι τῆς σωτηρίας τὸν λόγον, ἡμερωτέρῳ τυχὸν περιτεύξονται τῷ κριτῇ, τὸ μηδόλως ἀκοῦσαι προτείνοντες, εἰ καὶ ὅτι μάλιστα τὸν ἐπὶ τῷ μὴ ζητῆσαι μαθεῖν ἀποδώσουσι λόγον: οἱ δὲ καὶ πολλάκις διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν νουθεσιῶν τε καὶ λόγων εἰς τὴν τοῦ συμφέροντος θήραν ἐκπαιδαγωγούμενοι, σφᾶς δὲ αὐτοὺς ὅτι χρὴ τῶν καλλίστων ἀποστερεῖν ἀνοήτως λογιζόμενοι, πικροτάτην ἀποτίσουσι κόλασιν, καὶ οἷον λελυπημένῳ περιπεσοῦνται τῷ κρίνοντι, πρόφασιν τῆς αὐτῆς ἀπονοίας δυσωποῦσαν αὐτὸν ἀνευρίσκειν οὐχ ἔχοντες.
« Καὶ ὁ ἄρτος δὲ ὃν ἐγὼ δώσω ἡ σάρξ μου ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζωῆς. » Ἀποθνήσκω, φησὶν, ὑπὲρ πάντων, ἵνα πάντας ζωοποιήσω δι' ἐμαυτοῦ, καὶ ἀντίλυτρον τῆς ἁπάντων σαρκὸς τὴν ἐμὴν ἐποιησάμην. τεθνήξεται γὰρ ὁ θάνατος ἐν θανάτῳ τῷ ἐμῷ, καὶ συναναστήσεταί μοι, φησὶν, ἡ πεσοῦσα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου φύσις. γέγονα γὰρ διὰ τούτου καθ' ὑμᾶς, ἄνθρωπος δηλονότι καὶ ἐκ σπέρματος Ἁβραὰμ, ἵνα ” κατὰ πάντα τοῖς “ἀδελφοῖς” ὁμοιωθῶ. συνεὶς δὲ τοῦτο καλῶς ὅπερ ἀρτίως ἡμῖν ἔφη Χριστὸς, καὶ αὐτός φησιν ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος “Ἐπεὶ οὖν τὰ παιδία κεκοινώνηκεν αἵματος καὶ σαρκὸς, καὶ ” αὐτὸς παραπλησίως μετέσχε τῶν αὐτῶν, ἵνα διὰ τοῦ “θανάτου καταργήσῃ τὸν τὸ κράτος ἔχοντα τοῦ θανάτου, ” τουτέστι τὸν διάβολον:“ οὐ γὰρ ἦν ἑτέρως τὸν τὸ κράτος ἔχοντα τοῦ θανάτου καταργηθῆναί ποτε, καὶ αὐτὸν δὲ τὸν θάνατον, εἰ μὴ δέδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ὁ Χριστὸς, εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀντίλυτρον: ἦν γὰρ ὑπὲρ πάντας. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐν ψαλμοῖς που φησὶν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ὥσπερ ἄμωμον ἱερεῖον ἀνατιθεὶς τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί ” Θυσίαν καὶ προσ“φορὰν οὐκ ἠθέλησας, σῶμα δὲ κατηρτίσω μοι: ὁλοκαυτώ” ματα καὶ περὶ ἁμαρτίας οὐκ ηὐδόκησας: τότε εἶπον Ἰδοὺ “ἥκω, ἐν κεφαλίδι βιβλίου γέγραπται περὶ ἐμοῦ, τοῦ ποιῆσαι ” τὸ θέλημά σου ὁ Θεὸς ἠβουλήθην:“ ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ” αἷμα “ταύρων καὶ τράγων καὶ σποδὸς δαμάλεως” οὐκ ἐξήρκει πρὸς ἀποκάθαρσιν ἁμαρτίας, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἡ τῶν ἀλόγων σφαγὴ κατήργησεν ἄν ποτε τοῦ θανάτου τὸ κράτος, αὐτὸς εἰσβαίνει Χριστὸς τρόπον τινὰ τὰς ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων ὑφέξων δίκας. “Τῷ γὰρ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς ἰάθημεν,” ὡς ὁ προφήτης φησὶ, καὶ “τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν ” τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ ξύλον:“ ἐσταυρώθη δὲ ὑπὲρ πάντων καὶ διὰ πάντας, ἵνα ἑνὸς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀποτεθνηκότος, οἱ πάντες ζήσωμεν ἐν αὐτῷ: οὐ γὰρ ἦν δυνατὸν ” κρατεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπὸ“ τοῦ θανάτου, ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἂν τῆς κατὰ φύσιν ζωῆς κατεκράτησεν ἡ φθορά. ὅτι δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζωῆς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ προσήγαγε σάρκα Χριστὸς, καὶ διὰ τῶν αὐτοῦ γνωσόμεθα λόγων: ” Πάτερ γὰρ, φησὶν, ἅγιε “τήρησον αὐτούς:” καὶ πάλιν “Ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἐγὼ ἁγιάζω ” ἐμαυτόν:“ ἑαυτὸν δέ φησιν ἁγιάζειν ἐν τούτοις, οὐκ εἰς ἁγιασμὸν ὠφελῶν τὸν ἐν καθάρσει ψυχῆς, ἤτοι πνεύματος, ὡς ἐφ' ἡμῶν νοούμενον, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τὴν τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος μέθεξιν: ἦν γὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ τὸ Πνεῦμα φυσικῶς: ἦν τε καὶ ἔστιν ἅγιος ἀεὶ, καὶ ἔσται κατὰ τὸ διηνεκές: τὸ δέ Ἁγιάζω φησὶν ἐν τούτοις, ἀντὶ τοῦ Ἀνατίθημι καὶ προσάγω καθάπερ ἄμωμον ἱερεῖον εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας. ἡγιάζετο γὰρ, ἤτοι κατὰ νόμον ἐκαλεῖτο ἅγιον τὸ τῷ θείῳ θυσιαστηρίῳ προσκομιζόμενον. Δέδωκε τοιγαροῦν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἁπάντων ζωῆς τὸ ἴδιον σῶμα ὁ Χριστὸς, ἐνοικίζει δὲ πάλιν ἡμῖν δι' αὐτοῦ τὴν ζωὴν, καὶ ὅπως, ἐρῶ κατὰ δύναμιν. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὁ ζωοποιὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγος ἐνῴκηκε τῇ σαρκὶ, μετεσκεύασεν αὐτὴν εἰς τὸ ἴδιον ἀγαθὸν, τουτέστι τὴν ζωὴν, καὶ ὅλος αὐτῇ κατὰ τὸν ἄῤῥητον τῆς ἑνώσεως λόγον συμβεβηκὼς ζωοποιὸν ἀπέδειξε, καθάπερ οὖν ἐστι κατὰ φύσιν αὐτός. διὰ τοῦτο ζωοποιεῖ τοὺς μετέχοντας αὐτοῦ τὸ σῶμα Χριστοῦ: ἐξελαύνει γὰρ τὸν θάνατον, ὅταν ἐν τοῖς ἀποθνήσκουσι γένηται, καὶ ἐξίστησι τὴν φθορὰν, τὸν τὴν φθορὰν ἀφανίζοντα Λόγον τελείως ὠδῖνον ἐν ἑαυτῷ. Ἀλλ' ἐρεῖ τις τυχὸν, εἰς τὴν τῶν κεκοιμημένων ἀναβίωσιν τὸν τῆς διανοίας ὀφθαλμὸν ἀπερείσας Οἱ γὰρ πίστιν μὲν τὴν εἰς Χριστὸν οὐ παραδεξάμενοι, μέτοχοί τε οὐ γεγονότες αὐτοῦ, κατὰ τὸν τῆς ἀναστάσεως οὐκ ἀναβιώσονται χρόνον. τί δέ; οὐχὶ παλινδρομήσει πρὸς ζωὴν σύμπαν τὸ ποίημα τὸ πεπτωκὸς εἰς θάνατον; Ἀλλὰ ναὶ πρὸς ταῦτα ἐροῦμεν, ἀναβιώσεται πᾶσα σάρξ: ἐγερθήσεσθαι γὰρ τοὺς νεκροὺς ὁ προφητικὸς προαγορεύει λόγος. λογιούμεθα γὰρ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν διήκειν τὴν ἀνθρωπότητα τὸ διὰ τῆς ἀναστάσεως τοῦ Χριστοῦ μυστήριον, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ πρώτῳ πᾶσαν ἀπολελῦσθαι πιστεύομεν τῆς φθορᾶς τὴν ἡμετέραν φύσιν. πάντες γὰρ ἀναστήσονται, καθ' ὁμοιότητα τοῦ δι' ἡμᾶς ἐγηγερμένου καὶ πάντας ἔχοντος ἐν ἑαυτῷ, καθάπερ ἦν ἄνθρωπος. καὶ ὥσπερ ἐν τῷ πρωτοπλάστῳ κατεκλίθημεν εἰς θάνατον, οὕτως ἐν τῷ πρωτοτόκῳ πάλιν, τῷ δι' ἡμᾶς, ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναβιώσονται σύμπαντες: ἀλλ' ” οἱ “μὲν τὰ ἀγαθὰ ποιήσαντες εἰς ἀνάστασιν ζωῆς,” καθάπερ γέγραπται, “οἱ δὲ τὰ φαῦλα πράξαντες εἰς ἀνάστασιν ” κρίσεως.“ δοίην δ' ἂν ἔγωγε καὶ οὐ τῷ τυχόντι μέτρῳ, θανάτου πικρότερον τὸ ἀναστῆναι πρὸς κόλασιν, καὶ εἰς μόνας αἰκίας τὸ ἀναβιῶναι λαβεῖν. κυριώτερον τοιγαροῦν ζωὴν ὄντως τὴν ἐν Χριστῷ νοητέον, τὴν ἐν ἁγιασμῷ καὶ μακαριότητι καὶ ἀδιαπτώτῳ τῇ θυμηδίᾳ: ἐπεὶ καὶ ταύτην ἀληθῶς οὖσαν τὴν ζωὴν ἐξεπίσταται καὶ ὁ σοφὸς Ἰωάννης λέγων ” Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον, ὁ δὲ “ἀπειθῶν τῷ Υἱῷ οὐκ ὄψεται ζωὴν, ἀλλ' ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ ” μενεῖ ἐπ' αὐτόν.“ ἰδοὺ γὰρ ἰδοὺ τὸν ἐν ἀπειθείᾳ κατειλημμένον τὴν ζωὴν οὐκ ὄψεσθαί φησι: καίτοι παντὸς τοῦ ποιήματος παλινδρομήσειν εἰς ζωὴν καὶ ἀναστήσεσθαι προσδοκωμένου. πρόδηλον οὖν, ὅτι τὴν τοῖς ἁγίοις ηὐτρεπισμένην, τὴν ἐν δόξῃ φημὶ καὶ ἐν ἁγιασμῷ, ζωὴν εἰκότως ἀπεκάλεσεν ὁ Σωτὴρ, ἣν ὅτι διώκειν δεήσει πρὸς μετάληψιν ἰόντας τῆς ζωοποιούσης σαρκὸς, οὐδενὶ τῶν εὖ φρονούντων ἀμφίβολον. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ διὰ πολλῶν ἤδη τῶν προκειμένων ἄρτον ἑαυτὸν ἀπεκάλεσεν ὁ Σωτὴρ, ἴδωμεν πάλιν, εἰ μήτι τῶν προκατηγγελμένων εἰς νοῦν ἀναφέρεσθαι τὸν ἡμέτερον καὶ διὰ τούτου βούλεται, καὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς κειμένων ἀναμιμνήσκει γραμμάτων, ἐν οἷς ὡς ἐν ἄρτου σχήματι καὶ πάλαι κατεσημαίνετο. γέγραπται τοίνυν ἐν τοῖς ἀριθμοῖς ” Καὶ “ἐλάλησε Κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων Λάλησον τοῖς υἱοῖς ” Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς Ἐν τῷ εἰσπορεύεσθαι ὑμᾶς “εἰς τὴν γῆν εἰς ἣν ἐγὼ εἰσάγω ὑμᾶς ἐκεῖ, καὶ ἔσται ὅταν ” ἔσθητε ὑμεῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἄρτων τῆς γῆς, ἀφελεῖτε ἀφαίρεμα “ἀφόρισμα Κυρίῳ: ἀπαρχὴν φυράματος ὑμῶν ἄρτον ἀφαίρεμα ” ἀφοριεῖτε αὐτὸ, ὡς ἀφαίρεμα ἀπὸ ἅλωνος, οὕτως ἀφοριεῖτε “αὐτὸν, ἀπαρχὴν φυράματος ὑμῶν, καὶ δώσετε τῷ Κυρίῳ ” ἀφαίρεμα εἰς τὰς γενεὰς ὑμῶν.“ αἰνιγματωδῶς μὲν οὖν καὶ παχεῖαν ὥσπερ τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ γράμματος περιστολὴν ἔχων ὁ νόμος τὰ τοιαῦτα διετύπου: προανεφώνει δὲ πάλιν τὸν ἄρτον ὄντως τὸν ἀληθινὸν τὸν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταφοιτῶντα, τουτέστι Χριστὸν, καὶ ζωὴν διδόντα τῷ κόσμῳ. ἐννόει γὰρ ὅπως ἄνθρωπος καθ' ἡμᾶς διὰ τὴν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὁμοίωσιν γεγενημένος, ἀπαρχή τις ὥσπερ τοῦ ἡμετέρου φυράματος καὶ ἀφόρισμα κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον, ἀνετέθη τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρὶ πρωτότοκος ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναδεδειγμένος, καὶ ἀπαρχὴ τῆς ἁπάντων ἀναστάσεως εἰς αὐτὸν ἀναβαίνων τὸν οὐρανόν: ἐλήφθη μὲν γὰρ ἐξ ἡμῶν, σπέρματος Ἁβραὰμ ἐπελάβετο, καθάπερ ὁ Παῦλός φησιν, ἀνετέθη δὲ ὡς ἐξ ἁπάντων καὶ ὑπὲρ πάντων, ἵνα τοὺς πάντας ζωοποιήσῃ, καὶ καθάπερ ἐξ ἅλωνος δράγμα τὸ πρῶτον ἀναφέρηται τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί. ὥσπερ δὲ ὑπάρχων κατ' ἀλήθειαν φῶς, ἐπετίθει τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ μαθηταῖς τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ πράγματος χάριν: ” Ὑμεῖς γάρ ἐστε,“ φησὶ, ” τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου:“ οὕτω καὶ ἄρτος ὑπάρχων ὁ ζῶν καὶ ὁ πάντα ζωογονῶν καὶ πρὸς τὸ εἶναι συνέχων, καθ' ὁμοιότητα πάλιν καὶ διὰ σκιᾶς τῆς κατὰ τὸν νόμον, ὡς ἐν ἄρτοις δώδεκα τὸν ἱερὸν ἀνετύπου τῶν ἀποστόλων χορόν. λέγει γὰρ οὕτως ἐν τῷ Λευιτικῷ ” Καὶ ἐλάλησε Κύριος “πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων Ἔντειλαι τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ ” λαβέτωσάν σοι ἔλαιον ἐλάϊνον καθαρὸν κεκομμένον εἰς “φῶς, καῦσαι λύχνον διὰ παντὸς ἔξωθεν τοῦ καταπετά” σματος ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου.“ εἶτά φησιν ἐπὶ τούτοις ” Καὶ λήψεσθε σεμίδαλιν καὶ ποιήσετε αὐτὴν δώ“δεκα ἄρτους, δύο δεκάτων ἔσται ὁ ἄρτος ὁ εἷς: καὶ ἐπιθή” σετε αὐτοὺς δύο θέματα, ἓξ ἄρτους τὸ ἓν θέμα, ἐπὶ τὴν “τράπεζαν τὴν καθαρὰν ἔναντι Κυρίου, καὶ ἐπιθήσετε ἐπὶ ” τὸ θέμα λίβανον καθαρὸν καὶ ἅλας, καὶ ἔσται εἰς ἄρτους “εἰς ἀνάμνησιν προκείμενα τῷ Κυρίῳ.” Λύχνον μὲν οὖν τὸν ἐν τῇ ἁγίᾳ σκηνῇ, καὶ ἔξωθεν τοῦ καταπετάσματος τὸν καταφωτίζοντα, τὸν μακάριον Ἰωάννην ἐν τοῖς προλαβοῦσιν εἶναι δεδώκαμεν, τρεφόμενον μὲν ἐλαίῳ τῷ καθαρωτάτῳ, τουτέστι, τῷ διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος φωτισμῷ: ἔξω γεμὴν τοῦ καταπετάσματος, ἐπείπερ ἐστὶν ὁ λόγος αὐτῷ κατηχητικός “Ἑτοιμάσατε γὰρ τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου, φησὶν, ” εὐθείας ποιεῖτε τὰς τρίβους τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν.“ τὰ δὲ ἔσω τοῦ καταπετάσματος, τουτέστι, τὸ ἀποκεκρυμμένον περὶ Χριστοῦ μυστήριον, οὐ λίαν ἐκφαίνει. ” Ἐγὼ μὲν“ γὰρ, φησὶν, ” ὑμᾶς βαπτίζω ἐν ὕδατι εἰς μετάνοιαν, ὁ δὲ ὀπίσω “μου ἐρχόμενος ἰσχυρότερός μου ἐστὶν, οὗ οὐκ εἰμὶ ἱκανὸς ” τὰ ὑποδήματα βαστάσαι, αὐτὸς ὑμᾶς βαπτίσει ἐν Πνεύ“ματι Ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί.” ὁρᾷς οὖν ὅπως καταλάμπει μὲν αὐτὸς, ὡς ἐν ἁπλουστέρῳ τῷ λόγῳ καλῶν εἰς μετάνοιαν, τὰ γεμὴν ἔσω τοῦ καταπετάσματος ἀπογυμνοῦν ἐπιτρέπει τῷ βαπτίζοντι διὰ πυρὸς καὶ Πνεύματος; καὶ πλατύτερον μὲν τὰ περὶ τούτων διειλήφαμεν, προτεθέντος ἡμῖν ῥητοῦ, κατὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ βιβλίου “Ἐκεῖνος ἦν ὁ λύχνος ὁ καιόμενος ” καὶ φαίνων:“ ἡψάμεθα δέ πως ἐκ παραδρομῆς ἀρτίως, ἐπείπερ ἦν ἀναγκαῖον, μετὰ τὴν Ἰωάννου πάροδον, γείτονα δεικνύειν καὶ εὐθὺς κειμένην τῶν ἁγίων ἀποστόλων τὴν ἀνάῤῥησιν. Διὰ γὰρ ταύτην οἶμαι τὴν αἰτίαν ὁ λόγος προκατασημήνας αὐτὸν διὰ τοῦ λύχνου, τὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς δώδεκα ἄρτοις θεωρίαν ἡμῖν παρατίθησι: ” Ποιήσετε γὰρ, φησὶ, δώδεκα “ἄρτους: δύο δεκάτων ἔσται ὁ ἄρτος ὁ εἷς.” ἔθος τῇ θείᾳ γραφῇ τὸν ἀριθμὸν τὸν δέκα, τέλειον ἀεὶ προσδέχεσθαι καὶ εἰδέναι πληρέστατον, ἐπείπερ ἡ τῶν ἐφεξῆς ἀριθμῶν πάροδός τε καὶ θέσις, ἀνακύκλησίν τινα καὶ πολυπλασιασμὸν τῶν αὐτῶν εἰς τὰ αὐτὰ δεχομένη, πρὸς ὅπερ ἄν τις ἐθελήσαι βαδίζει καὶ ἐκτείνεται. ἐκ δύο τοιγαροῦν δεκάτων ἕκαστον εἶναι κελεύει, ἵνα τὸ τέλειον ἴδῃς ἐν τοῖς μαθηταῖς, ἐν ἴσῃ τῇ ξυνωρίδι, τῇ τε πραγματικῇ φημι καὶ τῇ κατὰ θεωρίαν ἀρετῇ. ἐπιτίθεσθαι γεμὴν δύο θέματα κελεύει χρησίμως, μονονουχὶ καὶ τὴν στάσιν αὐτὴν ὑποδεικνὺς, ἣν ἔθος ἦν κατὰ τὸ εἰκὸς ποιεῖσθαι, μέσον ἀεὶ τὸν Κύριον δεχομένους, καὶ ὥσπερ τινὰ καθηγητὴν ἀεὶ κυκλοῦν εἰθισμένους αὐτόν. ἵνα δὲ μάθωμεν, ὅτι καθάπερ ὁ Παῦλός φησι, Χριστοῦ γεγόνασιν εὐωδία τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρὶ, ἐπιτίθεσθαι τοῖς ἄρτοις κελεύει τὸν λιβανωτὸν, καταπάττεσθαι δὲ καὶ ἁλσίν. εἴρηται γάρ που πρὸς αὐτούς “Ὑμεῖς ἐστε τὸ ἅλας τῆς ” γῆς:“ ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ τῶν σαββάτων ἡμέρᾳ προσκομίζεσθαι κελεύει χρησίμως: ἀνεδείχθησαν γὰρ ἐν ἐσχάτοις τοῦ αἰῶνος καιροῖς, ἐσχάτη δὲ τῆς ἑβδομάδος ἡμέρα τὸ σάββατον. καὶ οὐχὶ τοῦτο μόνον, ἀλλ' ἐπείπερ κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ἐπιδημίας ἐσαββατίσαμεν πνευματικῶς: ἠργήσαμεν γὰρ ἐξ ἁμαρτιῶν. συνέβη δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἁγίους τότε ἡμῖν ἀποστόλους ἀναδειχθῆναι, ὧν καὶ τὰ θεῖα τρεφόμενοι συγγράμματα πρὸς ζωὴν ἀναβαίνομεν τὴν ἐν ἁγιασμῷ. διὰ τοῦτο κατὰ τὴν τῶν σαββάτων ἡμέραν προκεῖσθαι μάλιστα κελεύει τοὺς ἄρτους ἐν τῇ ἁγίᾳ τραπέζῃ, τουτέστιν ἐν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ: σημαίνεται γὰρ πολλάκις ἀπὸ μέρους τὸ πᾶν. τί δ' ἂν γένοιτο τῆς ἁγίας Χριστοῦ τραπέζης τὸ ἁγιώτερον; οὐκοῦν ὡς ἄρτος μὲν ὁ Σωτὴρ προανετυποῦτο κατὰ τὸν νόμον: ἄρτοι δὲ πάλιν οἱ μαθηταὶ καθ' ὁμοιότητα τὴν αὐτοῦ: πάντα γὰρ ἀληθινῶς μὲν ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ, καθ' ὁμοιότητα δὲ τὴν ὡς πρὸς αὐτὸν, καὶ ἐφ' ἡμᾶς διὰ τῆς αὐτοῦ χάριτος.
« Ἐμάχοντο οὖν πρὸς ἀλλήλους οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι λέγοντες Πῶς δύ ναται ἡμῖν οὗτος δοῦναι τὴν σάρκα φαγεῖν; εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς. » ” Πάντα ἐνώπια τοῖς συνιοῦσι, καὶ ὀρθὰ τοῖς εὑρίσκουσι “γνῶσιν,” κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον: σκοτεινὸν δὲ τοῖς ἀνοήτοις καὶ τὸ λίαν εὐμαθές. ὁ μὲν γὰρ συνετὸς ὄντως ἀκροατὴς, τὸ μὲν τῶν μαθημάτων εὐσυνοπτότερον τῷ τῆς διανοίας ἐγκατακλείει θησαυρῷ, μελησμὸν ἐπὶ τούτῳ μηδένα καταδεξάμενος: τὰ δὲ ἐφ' οἷς ἂν φαίνηται χαλεπὸς ὁ λόγος, ταῖς ἐρεύναις περινοστεῖ, καὶ φιλοπευστῶν οὐ παύεται. καί μοι δοκεῖ τοιοῦτόν τι χρησίμως ἐπείγεσθαι δρᾶν, ὁποῖόν τι φασὶ τὰς εὐδρομωτάτας καὶ θηρευτικὰς ἀπεργάζεσθαι κύνας, αἳ πρὸς αἴσθησιν τὴν διὰ ῥινῶν πολλὴν ἔχουσαι παρὰ τῆς φύσεως τὴν ὀξύτητα, τὰς τῶν ζητουμένων καταδύσεις ἀεὶ περιθέουσιν. ἢ γὰρ οὐχὶ πρὸς τοιαύτην τινὰ τὴν ἕξιν καλέσει τὸ σοφὸν καὶ προφητικὸν ὧδε λόγιον ἔχον “Ζητῶν ” ζήτει, καὶ παρ' ἐμοὶ οἴκει;“ χρὴ γὰρ ζητοῦντα ζητεῖν, τουτέστι, συντονωτάτην εἰς τοῦτο τὴν προθυμίαν εἰσφέροντα μὴ ἀπονοσφίζεσθαί ποι πρὸς ἐξιτήλους ἐννοίας, ἀλλ' ὅσῳπερ ἂν ἀποτραχύνηταί τι πρὸς δυσχέρειαν, τοσούτῳ δὴ μᾶλλον ὀξυτέρῳ προσέχεσθαι νῷ, καὶ γοργοτέραις ἐνθυμημάτων ἐκπολιορκεῖν προσβολαῖς τὸ κρυπτόμενον. ἀλλὰ γὰρ ὁ ἀτριβής τε καὶ ἀχειραγώγητος νοῦς, ὅπερ ἂν αὐτὸν ἀνατρέχῃ, τοῦτο πάντως ἐξυβρίζει ταῖς ἀπειθείαις, καὶ ὡς κίβδηλον ἐκτρέπεται τὸ νικῶν, ἐξ ἀπαιδεύτου θράσους καὶ εἰς ἐσχάτην ἀναβαίνων ὑπεροψίαν. τὸ γὰρ μηδενὶ παραχωρεῖν ἐθέλειν, μηδὲ οἴεσθαί τι μεῖζον ὑπάρχειν αὐτοῦ, πῶς οὐκ ἂν εἴη λοιπὸν, ὅπερ ἀρτίως εἰρήκαμεν; Τούτῳ περιπεσόντας τῷ πάθει καὶ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους εὑρήσομεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ πράγματος ἀφορῶντες φύσιν. δέον γὰρ αὐτοὺς παραδέχεσθαι μὲν ἀμελ[λ]ητὶ τοῦ Σωτῆρος τοὺς λόγους, προτεθαυμακότας ἤδη διὰ πολλῶν τὴν θεοπρεπῆ δύναμιν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν ἐφ' ἅπασιν ἄμαχον ἐξουσίαν, ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς δυσεφίκτοις φιλοπευστεῖν, καὶ παιδεύεσθαι μᾶλλον παρακαλεῖν περὶ ὧν ἂν φαίνοιντο δυσχεραίνοντες: πάλιν τό Πῶς ἀνοήτως ἐπὶ Θεοῦ λέγουσιν, ὥσπερ οὐκ εἰδότες, ὅτι δυσφημίας ἁπάσης ἀνάπλεως ὁ λόγος ὁρᾶται. τὸ γὰρ πάντα δύνασθαι κατορθοῦν ἀκονιτὶ πρόσεστι τῷ Θεῷ: ψυχικοὶ δὲ ὄντες, καθάπερ φησὶν ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος, οὐκ ἐδέχοντο ” τὰ “τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ Θεοῦ, μωρία” δὲ αὐτοῖς τὸ σεπτὸν οὕτως ὁρᾶται μυστήριον. Δεῖ τοιγαροῦν ἐντεῦθεν ἡμᾶς ὠφελουμένους, καὶ ἐξ ὧν ἕτεροι πταίουσι τὸν οἰκεῖον ἐπανορθοῦντας βίον, ἐν ταῖς παραλήψεσι τῶν θείων μυστηρίων πίστιν μὲν ἔχειν ἀζήτητον, μηδενὶ δὲ τῶν λεγομένων ἐπιφέρειν τό Πῶς: Ἰουδαϊκὸν γὰρ τὸ ῥῆμα, καὶ κολάσεως δὲ τῆς ἐσχάτης διὰ τοῦτο παραίτιον: ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ τῆς Ἰουδαίων συναγωγῆς ἡγούμενος: Νικόδημος δὲ οὗτος ἦν: τό “Πῶς δύναται ταῦτα γενέσθαι” λέγων, ὅτε τῶν θείων κατηκροᾶτο λόγων, ἐγελᾶτο δικαίως ἀκούσας “Σὺ εἶ ὁ διδάσκαλος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ταῦτα οὐ ” γινώσκεις;“ ἐντεχνέστεροι τοίνυν πρὸς τὴν τοῦ συμφέροντος θήραν καὶ διὰ τῆς ἑτέρων ἀτοπίας εὑρισκόμενοι, τό Πῶς λέγειν ἐφ' οἷς ἂν ἐργάζηται Θεὸς παραιτώμεθα, ἀνατιθέναι δὲ μᾶλλον μελετήσωμεν αὐτῷ τῶν ἰδίων ἔργων τὴν ὁδὸν ἐξεπίστασθαι: ὅνπερ γὰρ τρόπον εἴσεται μὲν οὐδεὶς, τὸ τί κατὰ φύσιν ἐστὶν ὁ Θεὸς, δικαιοῦται δὲ πιστεύων ” ὅτι ἐστὶ, “καὶ τοῖς ἐκζητοῦσιν αὐτὸν μισθαποδότης γίνεται,” οὕτως ἀγνοήσει μὲν πάλιν τὸν ἐφ' ἑκάστῳ τῶν τελουμένων παρ' αὐτοῦ τρόπον, ἀνατιθεὶς δὲ τῇ πίστει τὴν ἔκβασιν, καὶ τὸ πάντα δύνασθαι συναινῶν τῷ ὑπὲρ πάντας Θεῷ, κομιεῖται τῆς οὕτως ἀγαθῆς διαλήψεως οὐκ εὐκαταφρόνητον τὸν μισθόν. οὕτω γὰρ ἡμᾶς διακεῖσθαι καὶ αὐτὸς ἐθέλων ὁ πάντων Δεσπότης διὰ τοῦ προφήτου φησὶν Ἡσαίου “Οὐ ” γάρ εἰσιν αἱ βουλαί μου ὥσπερ αἱ βουλαὶ ὑμῶν, οὐδὲ “ὥσπερ αἱ ὁδοὶ ὑμῶν αἱ ὁδοί μου, λέγει Κύριος: ἀλλ' ὡς ” ἀπέχει ὁ οὐρανὸς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, οὕτως ἀπέχουσιν αἱ ὁδοί “μου ἀπὸ τῶν ὁδῶν ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ διανοήματα ὑμῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ” διανοίας μου:“ ὁ δὲ τοσοῦτον ἡμῶν κατά τε σοφίαν καὶ δύναμιν ὑπερκείμενος, πῶς οὐχὶ καὶ ἐργάσεται παραδόξως, καὶ τὴν ἡμετέραν ὑπεραλεῖται κατάληψιν; Βουλοίμην δ' ἂν ἔτι καὶ λογισμὸν ἐπὶ τούτοις οὐκ ἄκομψον, ὥς γε μοι φαίνεται, παρεισενεγκεῖν. οἱ μὲν γὰρ κατὰ τονδὲ τὸν βίον τῆς καλουμένης μηχανικῆς τὴν ἐπιστήμην ἐπανελόμενοι, μέγα τι πολλάκις κατορθοῦν ἐπαγγέλλονται, καὶ τῶν μὲν ἀκροωμένων διαλανθάνει τὸν νοῦν πρὸ τῆς θεωρίας τῶν δρωμένων ἡ μέθοδος: εἰς δὲ τὴν ἐνοῦσαν αὐτοῖς ἀποβλέποντες τέχνην, καὶ πρὸ πείρας αὐτῆς ποιούμεθα τῇ πίστει δεκτὸν, τὸ ἀντιτείνειν ἔτι δυσωπούμενοι. πῶς οὖν, ἐρεῖ τις, οὐκ ἂν εἶεν εἰκότως δεινοῖς ἐγκλήμασιν ἔνοχοι, τὸν ἁπάντων ἀριστοτέχνην Θεὸν ταῖς ἀπειθείαις ἀτιμάζειν κατατολμῶντες, οἱ τό Πῶς ἐφ' ὧν ἂν ἐργάζηται λέγειν οὐ παραιτούμενοι, καίτοι σοφίας ἁπάσης χορηγὸν ἐγνωκότες αὐτὸν, καὶ ὅτι πάντα δύναται διὰ πάσης παιδευόμενοι τῆς θείας γραφῆς; εἰ δὲ ἐπιμένεις Ἰουδαῖε λέγων τό Πῶς, ἐρῶ σοι κἀγὼ τὴν σὴν ἀμαθίαν διὰ σὲ μιμούμενος Πῶς ἐξῆλθες ἐξ Αἰγύπτου; πῶς δὲ, εἰπέ μοι, καὶ εἰς ὄφιν μετετράπη ῥάβδος ἡ Μωυσαϊκή; πῶς ἐλεπρώθη μὲν ἡ χεὶρ, ἀποκατεστάθη δὲ αὖθις, ὡς γέγραπται; πῶς εἰς τὴν αἵματος φύσιν μετῆλθε τὸ ὕδωρ; πῶς διῆλθες διὰ μέσης θαλάσσης ” ὡς διὰ ξηρᾶς;“ πῶς δὲ διὰ ξύλου τὸ πικρὸν τῆς Μεῤῥᾶς ὕδωρ εἰς γλυκὺ μετεσκευάζετο; πῶς δέ σοι καὶ ὕδωρ ἐκ τῶν πετραίων ἀνεδόθη μαστῶν; πῶς ἐπὶ σὲ κατηνέχθη τὸ μάννα; πῶς δὲ κατὰ χώραν ἔστη πάλιν ὁ Ἰορδάνης; ἢ πῶς κατεσείσθη διὰ μόνης κραυγῆς τῆς Ἱεριχοῦς τὸ ἀπόρθητον τεῖχος, καὶ οὐκ ἐπιλείψει λέγοντά σε τό Πῶς; πολλὰ γὰρ ἤδη προτεθαυμακὼς ἁλώσῃ μεγαλουργήματα, οἷς εἴπερ ἐπάγεις τό Πῶς, ὅλῃ παντελῶς ἀπειθήσεις τῇ θείᾳ γραφῇ, καὶ πάντας τῶν ἁγίων προφητῶν ἀνατρέψεις τοὺς λόγους, καὶ αὐτοῦ δὲ πρὸ πάντων τοῦ σοῦ Μωυσέως τὰ ἱερὰ συγγράμματα. οὐκοῦν ἔδει μᾶλλον πιστεύοντας τῷ Χριστῷ, καὶ τοῖς παρ' αὐτοῦ λεγομένοις ἀμελλητὶ κατανεύοντας μανθάνειν ἐπείγεσθαι μᾶλλον τῆς εὐλογίας τὸν τρόπον, οὐκ ἀπερισκέπτως ἐμπαροινεῖν λέγοντας Πῶς δύναται οὗτος ἡμῖν δοῦναι τὴν σάρκα αὐτοῦ φαγεῖν; ὅτι καὶ τό Οὗτος, ἐν ὑπεροψίᾳ φασί: τοιοῦτόν τι γὰρ πάλιν αὐτοῖς τὸ ὑπέρογκον ὑπαινίττεται ῥῆμα.
« Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἐὰν μὴ φάγητε τὴν σάρκα τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ πίητε αὐτοῦ τὸ αἷμα, οὐκ ἔχετε ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς. » Μακρόθυμος ὄντως καὶ πολυέλεος ὁ Χριστὸς, ὥσπερ οὖν ἔξεστι καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἤδη τῶν προκειμένων ἰδεῖν. φιλονεικήσας γὰρ οὐδαμῶς ταῖς τῶν ἀπειθούντων μικροψυχίαις, πάλιν αὐτοῖς τὴν ζωοποιὸν τοῦ μυστηρίου γνῶσιν ἐπιδαψιλεύεται, καὶ νικήσας ὡς Θεὸς τὴν τῶν λυπούντων ἀλαζονείαν, τὰ δι' ὧν εἰς μακραίωνα βίον ἀναβήσονταί φησι: καὶ τίνα μὲν τρόπον αὐτοῖς τὴν σάρκα δώσει φαγεῖν, οὔπω διδάσκει: ᾔδει γὰρ ὄντας ἐν σκότει καὶ νοεῖν οὐδαμόθεν ἰσχύοντας τὸ ἀπόῤῥητον: ὅσον δὲ αὐτοῖς ἐκ τοῦ φαγεῖν ἀγαθὸν ἐκβήσεται, παραδεικνύει χρησίμως, ἵνα τάχα πως αὐτοὺς ταῖς εἰς τὸ βούλεσθαι ζῆν ἀπεράντοις ἡδοναῖς ἑτοιμότερον πείθων, τὸ πιστεύειν διδάξειε. πεπιστευκόσι γὰρ ἤδη καὶ τὸ μανθάνειν δύνασθαι πρεπόντως ἀκολουθεῖ. ἐπεὶ καὶ οὕτω φησὶν ὁ προφήτης Ἡσαΐας ” Ἐὰν γὰρ μὴ πιστεύσητε, “οὐδ' οὐ μὴ συνῆτε.” οὐκοῦν ἔδει προεῤῥιζωμένης ἐν αὐτοῖς τῆς πίστεως, δευτέραν ἐπεισκρίνεσθαι τὴν ἐφ' οἷς ἀγνοοῦσι σύνεσιν, καὶ οὐ πρεσβυτέραν. τῆς πίστεως ὁρᾶσθαι τὴν ζήτησιν. Διὰ ταύτην οἶμαι τὴν αἰτίαν παρεὶς εἰκότως ὁ Κύριος τὸ λέγειν αὐτοῖς, τίνα τρόπον ἐπιδώσει τὴν σάρκα αὐτοῦ φαγεῖν, ἐπὶ τὸ χρῆναι πιστεύειν πρὸ τῆς ἐρεύνης καλεῖ. τοῖς γὰρ ἤδη πεπιστευκόσι, διακλάσας τὸν ἄρτον ἐδίδου, λέγων “Λάβετε, φάγετε, τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ σῶμά μου:” ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ εἰς πάντας τὸ ποτήριον περιενεγκών Λάβετε “πίετε,” φησὶν, “ἐξ αὐτοῦ πάντες: τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς ” διαθήκης τὸ ὑπὲρ πολλῶν ἐκχυνόμενον εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρ“τιῶν.” ὁρᾷς ὅπως τοῖς μὲν ἀνοηταίνουσιν ἔτι, καὶ τὸ πιστεύειν ἀζήτητον ἐξωθουμένοις, οὐκ ἐξηγεῖται τοῦ μυστηρίου τὸν τρόπον, τοῖς δὲ ἤδη πεπιστευκόσι σαφέστατα διειπὼν εὑρίσκεται; ἀκουέτωσαν τοίνυν οἱ τὴν πίστιν τὴν εἰς Χριστὸν ἐξ ἀνοίας οὔπω παραδεξάμενοι Ἐὰν μὴ φάγητε τὴν σάρκα τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ πίητε αὐτοῦ τὸ αἷμα, οὐκ ἔχετε ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἐν ἑαυτοῖς: ἀμέτοχοι γὰρ παντελῶς καὶ ἄγευστοι διαμένουσι τῆς ἐν ἁγιασμῷ καὶ μακαριότητι ζωῆς, οἱ διὰ τῆς μυστικῆς εὐλογίας οὐ παραδεξάμενοι τὸν Ἰησοῦν. ζωὴ μὲν γὰρ κατὰ φύσιν ἐστὶ, καθὸ καὶ ἐκ ζῶντος ἐγεννήθη Πατρός: ζωοποιὸν δὲ οὐδὲν ἧττον καὶ τὸ ἅγιον αὐτοῦ σῶμα, συνενηνεγμένον τρόπον τινὰ καὶ ἀῤῥήτως ἑνωθὲν τῷ τὰ πάντα ζωογονοῦντι Λόγῳ: διὸ αὐτοῦ λελόγισται, καὶ ὡς εἷς νοεῖται σὺν αὐτῷ. ἀδιαίρετος γὰρ μετὰ τὴν ἐνανθρώπησιν, πλὴν ὅσον εἰς τὸ εἰδέναι τὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς ἥκοντα Λόγον καὶ τὸν ἐκ τῆς παρθένου ναὸν, οὐ ταὐτὸν μὲν οὖν ὄντα τῇ φύσει: οὐ γὰρ ὁμοούσιον τῷ ἐκ Θεοῦ Λόγῳ τὸ σῶμα: ἓν δὲ τῇ συνόδῳ καὶ τῇ ἀπερινοήτῳ συνδρομῇ: καὶ ἐπείπερ ζωοποιὸς γέγονε τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡ σὰρξ, ἅτε δὴ τῇ κατὰ φύσιν ἡνωμένη ζωῇ, τῷ ἐκ Θεοῦ δηλονότι Λόγῳ, ὅταν αὐτῆς ἀπογευσώμεθα, τότε τὴν ζωὴν ἔχομεν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς συνενούμενοι καὶ ἡμεῖς αὐτῇ, καθάπερ οὖν αὐτὴ τῷ ἐνοικήσαντι Λόγῳ. διὰ γάρ τοι τοῦτο καὶ ἐν τῷ τοὺς νεκροὺς διανιστᾶν, οὐ λόγῳ μόνον, οὐδὲ τοῖς θεοπρεπέσιν ἐπιτάγμασιν ὁ Σωτὴρ ἐνεργῶν εὑρίσκεται, ἀλλὰ συνεργάτην ὥσπερ τινὰ πρὸς τοῦτο δὴ μάλιστα τὴν ἁγίαν αὐτοῦ λαμβάνειν ἠπείγετο σάρκα, ἵνα δεικνύῃ ζωοποιεῖν δυναμένην, καὶ ὡς ἓν ἤδη γενομένην πρὸς αὐτόν. καὶ γὰρ ἦν ὄντως ἴδιον αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐχ ἑτέρου τὸ σῶμα. καὶ γοῦν ὅτε τὸ τοῦ ἀρχισυναγώγου κόριον διανίστη λέγων “Ἡ παῖς ἔγειραι,” ἐκράτησε τῆς χειρὸς αὐτῆς, καθὰ γέγραπται: ζωοποιῶν μὲν ὡς Θεὸς, τῷ παντουργῷ προστάγματι: ζωοποιῶν δὲ αὖ πάλιν καὶ διὰ τῆς ἁφῆς τῆς ἁγίας σαρκὸς, μίαν τε καὶ συγγενῆ δι' ἀμφοῖν ἐπιδείκνυσι τὴν ἐνέργειαν. ἀλλὰ καὶ ὅτε εἰσεπορεύετο εἰς πόλιν καλουμένην Ναῒν, καὶ “ἐξεκομίζετο μονογενὴς υἱὸς ” τεθνηκὼς τῇ μητρὶ αὐτοῦ,“ πάλιν ” ἥψατο τῆς σοροῦ, “λέγων Νεανίσκε, σοὶ λέγω, ἐγέρθητι.” καὶ οὐ μόνον δίδωσιν ἐνεργεῖν τῷ λόγῳ τὴν τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναβίωσιν, ἀλλ' ἵνα δείξῃ ζωοποιὸν τὸ ἴδιον σῶμα, καθάπερ οὖν ἤδη προείπομεν, τῶν τεθνεώτων ἅπτεται, καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ τὴν ζωὴν ἐντιθεὶς τοῖς ἤδη κατεφθαρμένοις. καὶ εἰ διὰ μόνης ἁφῆς τῆς ἁγίας σαρκὸς ζωοποιεῖται τὸ διεφθαρμένον, πῶς οὐχὶ πλουσιωτέραν ἀποκερδανοῦμεν τὴν ζωοποιὸν εὐλογίαν, ὅταν αὐτῆς καὶ ἀπογευσώμεθα; μεταποιήσει γὰρ πάντως εἰς τὸ ἴδιον ἀγαθὸν, τουτέστι τὴν ἀθανασίαν, τοὺς μετεσχηκότας αὐτῆς. Καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς ἐπὶ τούτῳ, μηδὲ εἴπῃς κατὰ σεαυτὸν Ἰουδαϊκῶς τό Πῶς: ἐννόει δὲ μᾶλλον ὅτι ψυχρὸν τῇ φύσει τὸ ὕδωρ ἐστίν: ἀλλ' ὅταν εἰς λέβητα κεχυμένον ὁμιλήσῃ τῷ πυρὶ, τότε τῆς μὲν ἰδίας μονονουχὶ καὶ ἐπιλανθάνεται φύσεως, εἰς δὲ τὴν τοῦ νενικηκότος ἐνέργειαν ἀποφοιτᾷ. τὸν αὐτὸν οὖν ἄρα καὶ ἡμεῖς τρόπον, εἰ καὶ φθαρτοὶ διὰ τὴν φύσιν ἐσμὲν τῆς σαρκὸς, ἀλλὰ τῇ μίξει τῆς ζωῆς τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀφέντες ἀσθένειαν, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνης ἴδιον ἀναστοιχειούμεθα, τουτέστι τὴν ζωήν. ἔδει γὰρ ἔδει, μὴ μόνον διὰ τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος εἰς ζωῆς καινότητα τὴν ψυχὴν ἀνακτίζεσθαι, ἀλλὰ γὰρ καὶ τὸ παχὺ τοῦτο καὶ γεῶδες σῶμα διὰ παχυτέρας καὶ συγγενοῦς ἁγιάζεσθαι μεταλήψεως καὶ καλεῖσθαι πρὸς ἀφθαρσίαν. οἰέσθω δὲ μηδαμῶς ὁ νωθρὸς εἰς σύνεσιν Ἰουδαῖος, νεωτέρων ἡμῖν μυστηρίων ἀνηυρῆσθαι τρόπον. θεωρήσει γὰρ ἐν ἀρχαιοτέροις συγγράμμασι, φημὶ δὲ τοῖς Μωυσαϊκοῖς, προκαταγραφόμενον ἤδη καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας φοροῦντα τὴν δύναμιν, ὅτι καὶ ἐν ψιλοῖς ἐτελεῖτο τοῖς σχήμασι. τί γὰρ ἐδυσώπησεν, εἰπέ μοι, τὸν ὀλοθρευτήν; τί δὲ καὶ τοὺς προγόνους ἐκείνων μὴ συναπολέσθαι τοῖς Αἰγυπτίοις παρεσκεύασεν, ὅτε κατὰ τῶν πρωτοτόκων ὁ πάντα νικῶν ἐξωπλίζετο θάνατος; ἆρ' οὐχὶ πᾶσιν ἂν γένοιτο συμφανὲς, ὡς ἐπείπερ τῷ θείῳ νόμῳ καταπειθόμενοι τεθύκασι τὸν ἀμνὸν, καὶ τῶν ἐκείνου σαρκῶν ἀπογευσάμενοι κατέχρισαν τῷ αἵματι τὰς φλιὰς, παρελαύνειν αὐτοὺς ὡς ἡγιασμένους ὁ θάνατος ἠναγκάζετο; παρετέτακτο μὲν γὰρ κατὰ πάσης τῆς ἀνθρωπείας φύσεως ὁ ὀλοθρευτὴς, τουτέστιν, ὁ τῆς σαρκὸς θάνατος, διὰ τὴν ἐν τῷ πρωτοπλάστῳ παράβασιν. τότε γὰρ πρῶτον ἠκούσαμεν “Γῆ εἶ καὶ εἰς ” γῆν ἀπελεύσῃ.“ ἀλλ' ἐπείπερ ἔμελλε τὸν οὕτω δεινὸν ἀνατρέψειν τύραννον ὁ Χριστὸς, διὰ τῆς ἁγίας αὐτοῦ σαρκὸς ἐν ἡμῖν γινόμενος ὡς ζωὴ, προανετυποῦτο τοῖς πάλαι τὸ μυστήριον, καὶ ἀπεγεύοντο τῶν τοῦ προβάτου κρεῶν, ἁγιαζόμενοί τε τῷ αἵματι διεσώζοντο, παρατρέχοντος αὐτοὺς, κατὰ βούλησιν Θεοῦ, τοῦ ὀλοθρεύειν τεταγμένου, τοὺς οἵπερ ἦσαν μέτοχοι τοῦ ἀμνοῦ. τί τοιγαροῦν χαλεπαίνεις, Ἰουδαῖε, πρὸς τὴν ἐκ τῶν τύπων ἤδη καλούμενος ἀλήθειαν, ὅταν λέγῃ Χριστός Ἐὰν μὴ φάγητε τὴν σάρκα τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ πίητε αὐτοῦ τὸ αἷμα, οὐκ ἔχετε ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς; καίτοι μᾶλλον ἐχρῆν εὐθαρσέστερόν πως ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν μυστηρίων ἰέναι κατάληψιν, διὰ τῶν Μωυσαϊκῶν προπαιδαγωγηθέντα βιβλίων, καὶ διὰ σχημάτων ἀρχαιοτάτων ἐπὶ τὸ χρῆναι πιστεύειν ἀνενδοιάστως χειραγωγούμενον.
« Ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον, κἀγὼ ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. » Κἀν τούτῳ δὴ μάλιστα θαυμάσαι προσήκει τὸν ἅγιον Εὐαγγελιστήν ” Καὶ ὁ Λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο,“ διαῤῥήδην ἀνακεκραγότα: οὐ γὰρ ὅτι γέγονεν ἐν σαρκὶ, ἀλλ' ὅτι γέγονε σὰρξ, οὐκ ἀπενάρκησεν εἰπεῖν, ἵνα δείξῃ τὴν ἕνωσιν. καὶ οὐ δήπου φαμὲν, ἢ τὸν ἐκ Πατρὸς Θεὸν Λόγον εἰς τὴν τῆς σαρκὸς μεταπεποιῆσθαι φύσιν, ἤγουν τὴν σάρκα μεταχωρῆσαι πρὸς Λόγον: μένει γὰρ ἑκάτερον, ὅπερ ἐστὶ τῇ φύσει, καὶ εἷς ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ὁ Χριστός: ἀποῤῥήτως δὲ καὶ ὑπὲρ νοῦν τὸν ἀνθρώπινον ἡνωμένος ὁ Λόγος τῇ ἰδίᾳ σαρκὶ, καὶ ὅλην ὥσπερ εἰς ἑαυτὸν μεταστήσας κατ' ἐνέργειαν τὴν ἐν τῷ δύνασθαι ζωοποιεῖν τὰ ζωῆς δεόμενα: τῆς μὲν ἡμετέρας φύσεως ἐξήλασε τὴν φθορὰν, ἐξέστησε δὲ καὶ τὸν πάλαι διὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἰσχύσαντα θάνατον. οὐκοῦν ὁ τρώγων τὴν ἁγίαν σάρκα Χριστοῦ, ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχει: ἔχει γὰρ ἡ σὰρξ ἐν ἑαυτῇ τὸν Λόγον κατὰ φύσιν ὄντα ζωήν. διὰ γὰρ τοῦτό φησιν, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. ἀντὶ δὲ τοῦ εἰπεῖν, ὅτιπερ αὐτὸν, τὸν ἐσθίοντα δηλονότι, τὸ ἐμὸν ἀναστήσει σῶμα, τό Ἐγὼ τέθεικεν, ὡς οὐχ ἕτερος ὢν παρὰ τὴν ἰδίαν σάρκα: καὶ οὐ πάντως τῇ φύσει, διατέμνεσθαι γὰρ ὅλως εἰς υἱῶν δυάδα μετὰ τὴν ἕνωσιν οὐκ ἀνέχεται. ἐγὼ τοιγαροῦν, φησὶν, ὁ ἐν αὐτῷ γεγονὼς, διὰ τῆς ἐμῆς δηλονότι σαρκὸς, ἀναστήσω τὸν ἐσθίοντα τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. ἦν γὰρ δὴ καὶ ἀμήχανον μὴ οὐχὶ πάντως νικῆσαι τὴν φθορὰν καὶ κρατῆσαι θανάτου τὸν κατὰ φύσιν ὄντα ζωήν. διὰ τοῦτο κἂν βιάζηται τὸ ἀνθρώπινον σῶμα πρὸς τὸ καταφθείρεσθαι δεῖν ὁ διὰ τῆς παραβάσεως ἐπιπηδήσας θάνατος, ἀλλ' ἐπείπερ ἐν ἡμῖν ὁ Χριστὸς διὰ τῆς ἰδίας γίνεται σαρκὸς, ἀναστησόμεθα πάντως: ἀπίθανον γὰρ, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ἀδύνατον, μὴ ζωοποιεῖν τὴν ζωὴν τοὺς ἐν οἷς ἂν γένοιτο. ὥσπερ γὰρ εἴ τις σπινθῆρα λαβὼν ἀχύροις ἐγκαταχώσαι πολλοῖς, ἵνα σωζόμενον ἔχοι τὸ τοῦ πυρὸς σπέρμα: οὕτω καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς ὁ Χριστὸς διὰ τῆς ἰδίας σαρκὸς ἐναποκρύπτει τὴν ζωὴν, καὶ ὥσπερ τι σπέρμα τὴν ἀθανασίαν ἐντίθησιν, ὅλην τὴν ἐν ἡμῖν ἀφανίζον φθοράν.
« Ἡ γὰρ σάρξ μου ἀληθής ἐστι βρῶσις, καὶ τὸ αἷμά μου ἀληθής ἐστι πόσις. » Ἀντιδιαστέλλει πάλιν τῇ τοῦ μάννα χορηγίᾳ τὴν μυστικὴν εὐλογίαν, καὶ τοῖς ἐκ πετραίων λαγόνων νάμασι τοῦ ποτηρίου τὴν γεῦσιν. ὅπερ δὲ ἤδη καὶ δι' ἑτέρων εἴρηκε φθάσας, τοῦτο πάλιν ἐνταῦθά φησι, πολυτρόπως τὸν αὐτὸν ἐξυφαίνων λόγον. οὐ γὰρ δὴ χρῆναι λίαν ἀποθαυμάζειν αὐτοῖς τὸ μάννα παρεγγυᾷ, προσδέχεσθαι δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτὸν, ὡς ἄρτον ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ χορηγὸν τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς. ” Οἱ “μὲν γὰρ πατέρες ὑμῶν, φησὶν, ἔφαγον τὸ μάννα ἐν τῇ ” ἐρήμῳ καὶ ἀπέθανον: οὗτος δέ ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐκ τοῦ “οὐρανοῦ καταβαίνων, ἵνα τις ἐξ αὐτοῦ φάγῃ καὶ μὴ ” ἀποθάνῃ:“ ἡ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ μάννα τροφὴ πρὸς ὀλίγον, φησὶ, κομιδῇ τὸν καιρὸν τὴν τοῦ σώματος χρείαν διαπαίξασα, καὶ τὸ ἐκ τῆς ἐνδείας δυσωπήσασα βλάβος, ἠσθένησε πάλιν οὐκ ἐντιθεῖσα τοῖς βεβρωκόσι τὴν αἰώνιον ζωήν. οὐκ ἦν οὖν ἄρα βρῶσις ἀληθὴς καὶ ἄρτος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ τουτέστι: τὸ δὲ ἅγιον σῶμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ, πρὸς ἀθανασίαν καὶ ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἀποτρέφον, βρῶσις ὄντως ἀληθής. ἀλλ' ἔπιον καὶ ὕδωρ ἐκ πέτρας ἐκεῖνοι. καὶ τί τὸ ἐντεῦθεν, φησὶ, ποία δὲ τοῖς πεπωκόσιν ἡ ὄνησις; τετελευτήκασι γάρ. ἦν οὖν ἄρα κἀκεῖνο πόσις οὐκ ἀληθὴς, ἀληθὴς δὲ κατ' ἀλήθειαν εὑρίσκεται πόσις τὸ τίμιον αἷμα Χριστοῦ, ὅλην ἐκ βάθρων ἀποῤῥιζοῦν τὴν φθορὰν, καὶ ἀναμοχλεῦον τὸν ἐν τῇ ἀνθρωπείᾳ σαρκὶ κατοικήσαντα θάνατον. αἷμα γάρ ἐστιν οὐχ ἑνὸς τῶν τυχόντων ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ' αὐτῆς τῆς κατὰ φύσιν ζωῆς. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ σῶμα καὶ μέλη Χριστοῦ χρηματίζομεν, ὡς διὰ τῆς εὐλογίας αὐτὸν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς δεχόμενοι τὸν Υἱόν.
« Ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα ἐν ἐμοὶ μένει, κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ. » Πολυτρόπως ἡμᾶς διὰ τούτων μυσταγωγεῖ, καὶ ἐπείπερ ἐστὶ δυσέφικτός πως τοῖς ἀμαθεστέροις ὁ λόγος, τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ πιστεύειν σύνεσιν ἐφ' ἑαυτῷ μᾶλλον ἀπαιτῶν ἢ ζήτησιν, ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω τῶν αὐτῶν ἑλίττων ἐξευμαρίζει ποικίλως, καὶ πανταχόθεν ἡμῖν τὸ ἐκ τοῦ πράγματος καταλαμπρύνει χρήσιμον, θεμέλιον ὥσπερ τινὰ καὶ κρηπῖδα τῇ πίστει τὴν ἐπ' αὐτῷ καλλίστην ἐπιθυμίαν καταπηγνύς. ὁ γὰρ τρώγων μου φησὶ τὴν σάρκα καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα ἐν ἐμοὶ μένει, κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ. ὥσπερ γὰρ εἴ τις κηρὸν ἑτέρῳ συνάψειε κηρῷ, πάντως δήπου καὶ ἕτερον ἐν ἑτέρῳ γεγονότα κατόψεται: τὸν αὐτὸν οἶμαι τρόπον καὶ ὁ τὴν σάρκα δεχόμενος τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Χριστοῦ, καὶ πίνων αὐτοῦ τὸ τίμιον αἷμα, καθά φησιν αὐτὸς, ἓν ὡς πρὸς αὐτὸν εὑρίσκεται συνανακιρνάμενος ὥσπερ καὶ ἀναμιγνύμενος αὐτῷ διὰ τῆς μεταλήψεως, ὡς ἐν Χριστῷ μὲν αὐτὸν εὑρίσκεσθαι, Χριστὸν δὲ αὖ πάλιν ἐν αὐτῷ. οὕτω πως ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐν τῷ κατὰ Ματθαῖον Εὐαγγελίῳ, Χριστὸς ἐπαιδαγώγει λέγων ” Ὁμοία “ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν ζύμῃ, ἣν λαβοῦσα γυνὴ ” ἔκρυψεν εἰς ἀλεύρου σάτα τρία, ἕως οὗ ἐζυμώθη ὅλον.“ τίς μὲν οὖν ἡ γυνὴ, τίς δὲ τῶν καλουμένων σάτων ἡ τριὰς, ἢ καὶ τί τὸ σάτον ὅλως ἐστὶν, ἐν οἰκείῳ λελέξεται τόπῳ: πρὸς δέ γε τὸ παρὸν εἰς μόνην ἐροῦμεν τὴν ζύμην. ὥσπερ οὖν ὁ Παῦλός φησιν, ” ὅτι μικρὰ ζύμη ὅλον τὸ φύραμα “ζυμοῖ,” οὕτως ὀλιγοστὴ πάλιν εὐλογία σύμπαν ἡμῶν εἰς ἑαυτὴν ἀναφύρει τὸ σῶμα, καὶ τῆς ἰδίας ἐνεργείας ἀναπληροῖ, οὕτω τε ἐν ἡμῖν γίνεται Χριστὸς, καὶ ἡμεῖς αὖ πάλιν ἐν αὐτῷ. καὶ γὰρ δὴ καὶ ἀληθεύων ἐρεῖ τις ὅτι καὶ ἐν παντὶ μέν ἐστιν ἡ ζύμη τοῦ φυράματος, καὶ τὸ φύραμα δὲ κατὰ τὸν ἴσον λόγον ἐν ὅλῃ γίνεται τῇ ζύμῃ: ἔχεις ὡς ἐν βραχέσι τῶν εἰρημένων τὸν νοῦν. ἀλλ' εἴπερ ἐσμὲν τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς ἐρασταὶ, εἰ τὸν τῆς ἀθανασίας χορηγὸν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἔχειν εὐχόμεθα, μὴ κατά τινας τῶν ἀμελεστέρων τὸ εὐλογεῖσθαι παραιτώμεθα, μηδὲ παγίδα καὶ βρόχον ἡμῖν ἐξαρτυέτω τὴν ἐπιζήμιον εὐλάβειαν ὁ βαθὺς εἰς πανουργίαν διάβολος. Ναὶ γὰρ γέγραπται, φησίν “Ὁ ἐσθίων ἐκ τοῦ ἄρτου καὶ ” πίνων ἐκ τοῦ ποτηρίου ἀναξίως κρῖμα ἑαυτῷ ἐσθίει καὶ “πίνει:” δοκιμάσας δὲ τὰ κατ' ἐμαυτὸν, οὐκ ἄξιον ὄντα βλέπω. Πότε τοίνυν ἄξιος ἔσῃ, καὶ παρ' ἡμῶν ὁ τοῦτο λέγων ἀκούσεται, πότε σαυτὸν παραστήσεις τῷ Χριστῷ; εἰ γὰρ μέλλοις ἀεὶ καταπτοεῖσθαι τοῖς ὀλισθήμασιν, ὀλισθάνων δὲ οὐκ ἀποπαύσῃ: “Τίς γὰρ συνήσει παραπτώματα,” κατὰ τὸν ἅγιον ψαλμῳδὸν, ἀμέτοχος εὑρεθήσῃ παντελῶς τοῦ διασώζοντος ἁγιασμοῦ. οὐκοῦν λογιῇ μὲν εὐσεβέστερον σύννομον ἐπιτηδεύειν βίον, μεταλήψῃ δὲ οὕτω τῆς εὐλογίας, οὐ θανάτου μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἐν ἡμῖν νοσημάτων ἀποκρουστικὴν εἶναι πιστεύσας: κατακοιμίζει γὰρ ἐν ἡμῖν γεγονὼς ὁ Χριστὸς τὸν ἐν τοῖς μέλεσι τῆς σαρκὸς ἀγριαίνοντα νόμον, καὶ ἀναζωπυρεῖ μὲν τὴν εἰς Θεὸν εὐλάβειαν, ἀπονεκροῖ δὲ τὰ πάθη, μὴ λογιζόμενος ἡμῖν τὰ ἐν οἷς ἐσμεν παραπτώματα, θεραπεύων δὲ μᾶλλον ὡς νενοσηκότας. καταδεσμεῖ γὰρ τὸ συντετριμμένον, ἐγείρει τὸ πεπτωκὸς, ὡς ποιμὴν ἀγαθὸς καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἑαυτοῦ τεθεικὼς ὑπὲρ τῶν προβάτων.