the king of the Assyrians, flees to God, and silently cries out to Him, through progress in virtue and knowledge, and receives an angel as an ally; that is, a reason greater than wisdom and knowledge, which annihilates the enemies. The camp of the king of Assyria is that which moves the natural appetites toward pleasure. A warrior is one who stirs up the spirited part for the guarding of pleasures. A ruler is one who provokes the senses by the appearances of virtues. A general is the one who gives form to the passions and is inventive of their activity. The face of the devil is the smoothness of pleasure, and the sensible things that entice the senses. And many brought gifts to the Lord in Jerusalem, and presents to Hezekiah king of the Jews. Every mind crowned with virtue and knowledge, and 77.1272 ruling Jerusalem, that is, the state which sees peace; I mean, the condition freed from the rebellious passions (for Jerusalem is interpreted as "vision of peace"); certainly has the visible creation offering presents to it, and gifts to God through it. For properly, presents are things given to the needy; but gifts are things brought to those who are in no need. Therefore, gifts are offered to the Lord as being in need of nothing, but presents to Hezekiah, because every man is in need, both of habits for virtue, and of reasons for knowledge. But gifts are the spiritual principles existing in each species of those things that constitute creation, through which the creator of creation is known, teaching that there is some creator and master of visible things. And presents are again the natural laws inherent in each of these; that is, the natural advantages, through which one is educated toward virtue; choosing this from one, and that from another; and imitating their natural laws by his own voluntary habits. For God has sown in the particular species of creation both spiritual principles of wisdom, revealing their creator, God; and natural laws, training man their spectator toward virtue. To offer a few examples from many, it is a natural law of the eagle to gaze intently at the sun’s ray. One will imitate this, directing the mind toward the divine light. He will also imitate the deer, pursuing the heights of divine contemplations, as she does the mountains, and destroying the passions that lie hidden in visible forms, like serpents, with the word of discernment, and extinguishing the poison of evil received in the memory with the many and various springs of knowledge. He will imitate also the sharp sight of the gazelle, leaping over the snares of the demons who plot against virtue. And furthermore, the safety of the bird, flying over the traps of the evil spirits who war against knowledge. The more divine principles of creation appear in the providence and coherence of the permanence of each species, while its natural laws appear in the identity of the natural activity of each species. Through all of which together God is glorified, from whom they have come into being; and man makes progress, for whose sake they have in turn come into being. And he was exalted in the sight of all the nations. The one who is magnified through practice and contemplation, is raised through practice above all the carnal and slanderous passions, becoming superior to these; and above the so-called natural bodies, that is, those that are under generation and corruption, and simply put, all things under sense perception, having, through contemplation, passed through the principles in them with knowledge, and having led the mind to kindred intelligible and divine things. For practical philosophy makes the practical man superior to 77.1273 the passions; while contemplation renders the contemplative man superior to visible things. And Hezekiah did not repay according to the recompense which God had given him, but his heart was lifted up; and there was wrath upon him and upon Judah and upon Jerusalem. Every mind
βασιλέα τῶν Ἀσσυρίων, καταφεύγει πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ ἀλαλήτως βοᾷ πρὸς αὐτὸν, διὰ τῆς κατ' ἀρετὴν καὶ γνῶσιν ἐπιδόσεως, καὶ δέχεται σύμμαχον ἄγγελον· δηλονότι μείζονα σοφίας καὶ γνώσεως λόγον ἐκτρίβοντα τοὺς πολεμίους. Παρεμβολὴ δὲ βασιλέως Ἀσσούρ ἐστιν ὁ πρὸς ἡδονὴν τὰς φυσικὰς ὀρέξεις κινῶν. Πολεμιστὴς δὲ ὁ τὸ θυμικὸν διεγείρων, εἰς τὴν τῶν ἡδονῶν φυλακήν. Ἄρχων δὲ ὁ ταῖς ἐπιφανείαις τῶν ἀρετῶν τὰς αἰσθήσεις διερεθίζων. Στρατηγὸς δὲ ὁ εἰδοποιὸς τῶν παθῶν, καὶ τῆς ἐνεργείας αὐτῶν ἐπινοητικός. Πρόσωπον δὲ τοῦ διαβόλου, τὸ λεῖον τῆς ἡδονῆς, καὶ τὰ θελκτικὰ τῶν αἰσθήσεων αἰσθητά. Καὶ πολλοὶ ἔφερον δῶρα τῷ Κυρίῳ εἰς Ἱερουσα λὴν, καὶ τὰ δόματα τῷ Ἐζεχίᾳ βασιλεῖ Ἰουδαίων. Πᾶς νοῦς ἀρετῇ καὶ γνώσει κατεστεμμένος, καὶ 77.1272 βασιλεύων Ἱερουσαλὴμ, ἤτοι τῆς εἰρήνην ὁρώσης ἕξεως· λέγω δὴ τῆς τῶν στασιαζόντων παθῶν ἀπηλλαγμένης καταστάσεως (ὅρασις γὰρ εἰρήνης Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἑρμηνεύεται)· πάντως ἔχει τὴν φαινομένην κτίσιν προσφέρουσαν αὐτῷ μὲν δόματα, τῷ δὲ Θεῷ δῶρα δι' αὐτοῦ. Κυρίως γὰρ δόματα μὲν τὰ τοῖς ἐνδεέσι διδόμενα· δῶρα δὲ, τὰ τοῖς ἀπροσδεέσιν εἰσκομιζόμενα. ∆ιὸ τῷ μὲν Κυρίῳ δῶρα ὡς πάντων ἀπροσδεεῖ τῷ δὲ Ἐζεχίᾳ δόματα, διότι πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ἐπιδεῖται, καὶ τρόπων εἰς ἀρετὴν, καὶ λόγων εἰς γνῶσιν. Ἀλλὰ δῶρα μὲν, οἱ ἐνυπάρχοντες ἑκάστῳ εἴδει τῶν συμπληρούντων τὴν κτίσιν πνευματικοὶ λόγοι, δι' ὧν ὁ τῆς κτίσεως γνωρίζεται ποιητὴς, διδασκόντων, ὅτι ἐστί τις τῶν φαινομένων κτίστης καὶ δεσπότης. ∆όματα δὲ οἱ ἐνόντες ἑκάστῳ τούτων αὖθις φυσικοὶ νόμοι· τοῦτ' ἔστι, τὰ φυσικὰ πλεονεκτήματα, δι' ὧν παιδεύεταί τις πρὸς ἀρετήν· ἐκλεγόμενος τοῦ μὲν τόδε, τοῦ δὲ τόδε· καὶ τοὺς φυσικοὺς αὐτῶν νόμους τοῖς προαιρετικοῖς αὐτοῦ τρόποις ἀπομιμούμενος. Ἐγκατέσπειρε γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς τοῖς κατὰ μέρος εἴδεσι τῆς κτίσεως καὶ σοφίας λόγους πνευματικοὺς, μηνύοντας τὸν ποιητὴν αὐτῶν Θεόν· καὶ φυσικοὺς νόμους παιδαγωγοῦντας εἰς ἀρετὴν τὸν θεατὴν αὐτῶν ἄνθρωπον. Ἵνα δὲ ἐκ πολλῶν ὀλίγα παραθῶμεν, ἀετοῦ φυσικὸς νόμος, τὸ πρὸς τὴν ἡλιακὴν μαρμαρυγὴν ἰθυτενῶς ἀτενίζειν. Ὃ μιμήσεταί τις, ἀπευθύνων τὸν νοῦν εἰς τὸ θεῖον φῶς. Μιμήσεται καὶ τὴν ἔλαφον, τὰ ὕψη τῶν θείων θεωρημάτων, καθάπερ ἐκείνη τὰ ὄρη, μεταδιώκων, καὶ τὰ ἐμφωλεύοντα τοῖς ὁρωμένοις εἴδεσι πάθη, καθάπερ ὄφεις, τῷ λόγῳ διαφθείρων τῆς διακρίσεως, καὶ τὸν τῇ μνήμῃ ἐναπολαμβανόμενον ἰὸν τῆς κακίας, ταῖς πολλαῖς καὶ διαφόροις κατασβεννύων πηγαῖς τῆς γνώσεως. Μιμήσεται καὶ τῆς δορκάδος τὴν ὀξυωπτίαν, τοὺς βρόχους τῶν ἐπιβουλευόντων τῇ ἀρετῇ δαιμόνων ὑπερπηδῶν. Ἔτι δὲ καὶ τοῦ ὀρνέου τὴν ἀσφάλειαν, τὰς παγίδας τῶν τῇ γνώσει πολεμούντων πονηρῶν πνευμάτων ὑπεριπτάμενος. Οἱ μὲν θειότεροι τῆς κτίσεως λόγοι φαίνονται ἐν τῇ προνοίᾳ καὶ συνοχῇ τῆς τοῦ καθ' ἕκαστον εἴδους μονιμότητος, οἱ δὲ φυσικοὶ νόμοι ταύτης, ἐν τῇ ταυτότητι τῆς τοῦ καθ' ἕκαστον εἴδους φυσικῆς ἐνεργείας. ∆ι' ὧν ὁμοῦ πάντων δοξάζεται μὲν ὁ Θεὸς, παρ' οὗ γεγόνασι· προκόπτει δὲ ὁ ἄνθρωπος δι' ὃν αὖθις γεγόνασι. Καὶ ὑπερήρθη κατ' ὀφθαλμοὺς πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν. Ὁ διὰ πράξεως καὶ θεωρίας μεγαλυνθεὶς, ὑπεραίρεται διὰ πράξεως μὲν πάντων τῶν σαρκικῶν καὶ διαβεβλημένων παθῶν, ὑπεράνω τούτων γινόμενος τῶν δὲ φυσικῶν λεγομένων σωμάτων, ἤτοι τῶν ὑπὸ γένεσιν ὄντων καὶ φθοράν· καὶ ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν ὅσα ὑπὸ τὴν αἴσθησιν· διὰ θεωρίας τοὺς ἐν αὐτοῖς λόγους γνωστικῶς διαπεράσας, καὶ πρὸς τὰ συγγενῆ νοητὰ καὶ θεῖα τὸν νοῦν ἀγαγών. Καὶ γὰρ ἡ πρακτικὴ μὲν φιλοσοφία τὸν πρακτικὸν ὑπεράνω ποιεῖ 77.1273 τῶν παθῶν· ἡ θεωρία δὲ τὸν θεωρητικὸν ὑπεράνω τῶν ὁρωμένων καθίστησι. Καὶ οὐ κατὰ τὸ ἀνταπόδομα ὃ ἀνταπέδωκεν αὐτῷ ὁ Θεὸς ἀνταπέδωκεν Ἐζεχίας, ἀλλ' ὑψώθη ἡ καρδία· καὶ ἐγένετο ἐπ' αὐτὸν ὀργὴ καὶ ἐπὶ Ἰούδαν καὶ ἐπὶ Ἱερουσαλήμ. Πᾶς νοῦς