and we are in a theater of the world and of angels and of men, it must be known that, just as the one in the theater is a 20debtor20 to say or do certain things in the sight of the spectators, and if someone does not do these things, he is punished as one who has insulted the entire theater; so also we 20owe20 to the whole "world" and to all the "angels" and to the race of men these things, which, if we wish, we will learn from wisdom. 28.4 But apart from these more general things, there is a certain debt of a widow who is cared for by the church, and another of a deacon, and another of a presbyter, and the debt of a bishop is most heavy, being required by the Savior of the whole church and avenged if it is not paid. And already the apostle has named a certain common debt of a man and a woman, saying: "Let the husband render to his wife the debt, and likewise also the wife to her husband"; and he adds, "Do not deprive one another." And what need is there for me to say, when it is possible for those who encounter this writing to gather for themselves from what has been said, how many things we 20owing20 will either be seized for not paying or be set free for paying? But it is not possible for one living in this life not to 20owe20 at every hour of the night and day. 28.5 But in 20owing20, one either pays or withholds the debt; and it is possible in this life to pay, and it is also possible to withhold. And some 20owe20 nothing to anyone; some paying the most things <20owe20 few things, and some> paying few things 20owe20 the most; and perhaps there is one who pays nothing but 20owes20 everything. And yet the one who pays all things, so as to 20owe20 nothing, achieves this only over time, needing forgiveness for his former debts; which forgiveness one can reasonably obtain who has striven from a certain time to become such that he 20owes20 none of the things required, in that they are not unpaid. But these lawless activities, being imprinted on the ruling faculty, become "the handwriting that is against us," from which we shall be judged, just as books handwritten by all, so to speak, will be brought forth, when "we shall all stand before the judgment seat" "of Christ, that each one may receive the things done in the body, according to what he has done, whether it be good or bad." In accordance with these debts it is also said in Proverbs: "Do not give yourself as surety, being ashamed of a face; for if you do not have the means to pay, they will take your bed from under your sides." 28.6 But if we 20owe20 to so many, surely some also 20owe20 to us; for some 20owe20 to us as men, others as citizens, others as fathers and some as sons, and after these, women as to husbands or friends as to friends. Therefore, when some among our many 20debtors20 behave rather weakly concerning the payment of what is due to us, we will act more philanthropically by bearing no malice towards them and remembering our own debts, how many we have often neglected not only toward men but also toward God himself. For remembering the things of which we are 20debtors20 and have not paid but have withheld as time has passed, during which we ought to have done certain things toward our neighbor, we will be gentler toward those who have incurred a debt to us and have not paid the debt; and especially if we do not forget our transgressions against the divine and the iniquity "spoken on high" by us, either through ignorance of the truth or through displeasure with the circumstances that have befallen us. 28.7 But if we do not wish to be gentler toward those who have incurred a debt to us, we will suffer the fate of the one who did not forgive his fellow servant the "hundred denarii," whom, having been previously forgiven, according to the parable set forth in the gospel, the master seized and exacted what had been previously forgiven, saying to him: "Wicked and slothful servant," "should you not have had mercy on your fellow servant, as I also had mercy on you?" Cast him "into" "prison," "until he should pay all that was 20owed20." And to these things the Lord adds: "So also will my Father who is
καὶ ἐν θεάτρῳ ἐσμὲν κόσμου καὶ ἀγγέλων καὶ ἀνθρώπων, ἰστέον ὅτι, ὥσπερ ὁ ἐν θεάτρῳ 20ὀφειλέτης20 ἐστὶ τοῦ τάδε τινὰ εἰπεῖν ἢ ποιῆσαι ἐν ὄψει τῶν θεατῶν, ἅπερ μὴ πράξας τις ὡς τὸ πᾶν ὑβρίσας θέατρον κολάζεται· οὕτως καὶ ἡμεῖς «τῷ» ὅλῳ «κόσμῳ» «καὶ» τοῖς πᾶσιν «ἀγγέλοις» τῷ τε τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένει 20ὀφείλομεν20 ταῦτα, ἃ βουληθέντες ἀπὸ τῆς σοφίας μαθησόμεθα. 28.4 χωρὶς δὲ τούτων καθολικωτέρων ὄντων ἔστι τις χήρας προ νοουμένης ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ὀφειλὴ καὶ ἑτέρα διακόνου καὶ ἄλλη πρεσβυτέρου, καὶ ἐπισκόπου δὲ ὀφειλὴ βαρυτάτη ἐστὶν, ἀπαιτουμένη ὑπὸ τοῦ τῆς ὅλης ἐκκλησίας σωτῆρος καὶ ἐκδικουμένη, εἰ μὴ ἀπο διδοῖτο. ἤδη δὲ ὁ ἀπόστολος ὀφειλήν τινα κοινὴν ὠνόμασεν ἀν δρὸς καὶ γυναικὸς λέγων· «τῇ γυναικὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ τὴν ὀφειλὴν ἀποδι δότω, ὁμοίως καὶ ἡ γυνὴ τῷ ἀνδρί»· καὶ ἐπιφέρει· «μὴ ἀποστερεῖτε ἀλλήλους.» καὶ τί με δεῖ λέγειν, παρὸν τὰ ἑαυτῶν ἀναλέγεσθαι ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων τοὺς ἐντυγχάνοντας τῇδε τῇ γραφῇ, ὅσα 20ὀφείλοντες20 ἤτοι μὴ ἀποδιδόντες κατασχεθησόμεθα ἢ ἀποδιδόντες ἐλευθερωθησό μεθα; πλὴν οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τῷ βίῳ ὄντα πάσης ὥρας νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέ ρας μὴ 20ὀφείλειν20. 28.5 ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ 20ὀφείλειν20 ἤτοι ἀποδίδωσί τις ἢ ἀποστερεῖ τὴν ὀφειλήν· καὶ δυνατόν γε ἐν τῷ βίῳ ἀποδιδόναι, δυνατὸν δὲ καὶ ἀποστερεῖν. καὶ τινὲς μὲν οὐδενὶ 20ὀφείλουσιν20 οὐδέν· τινὲς δὲ τὰ πλεῖστα ἀποτιννύντες <ὀλίγα 20ὀφείλουσι20, τινὲς δὲ> ὀλίγα ἀποδιδόντες τὰ πλείονα 20ὀφείλουσι20· καὶ τάχα ἔστιν ὁ μηδὲν ἀποδιδοὺς ἀλλὰ πάντα 20ὀφείλων20. καὶ ὁ ἀποδιδοὺς μέντοι γε πάντα, ὥστε μηδὲν 20ὀφείλειν20, χρόνῳ ποτὲ τοῦτο κατορθοῖ, δεόμενος ἀφέσεως περὶ τῶν προτέρων ὀφειλῶν· ἧστινος ἀφέσεως εὐλόγως δύναται τυχεῖν ὁ φιλοτιμησά μενος ἀπό τινος χρόνου τοιοῦτος γενέσθαι, ὥστε μηδὲν 20ὀφείλειν20 τῶν ἐπιβαλλόντων ὡς οὐκ ἀποδιδομένων. αὗται δὲ αἱ παράνομοι ἐνέργειαι, ἐν τῷ ἡγεμονικῷ τυπούμεναι, «τὸ καθ' ἡμῶν» γίνονται «χειρόγραφον,» ἀφ' οὗ δικασθησόμεθα, δίκην βίβλων τῶν ὑπὸ πάν των, ἵν' οὕτως εἴπω, κεχειρογραφημένων προαχθησομένων, ὅτε «πάν τες παραστησόμεθα τῷ βήματι» «τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἵνα κομίσηται ἕκαστος τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος πρὸς ἃ ἔπραξεν, εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε φαῦλον.» κατὰ ταύτας τὰς ὀφειλὰς καὶ τὸ ἐν ταῖς Παροιμίαις λέγεται· «μὴ δίδου σεαυτὸν εἰς ἐγγύην ὁ αἰσχυνόμενος πρόσωπον· εἰ γὰρ οὐχ ἕξει πόθεν ἀποδώσει, λήψονται τὸ σὸν στρῶμα τὸ ὑπὸ τὰς πλευ ράς σου.» 28.6 εἰ δὲ τοσούτοις 20ὀφείλομεν20, πάντως καὶ ἡμῖν τινες 20ὀφείλου σιν20· οἱ μὲν γὰρ 20ὀφείλουσιν20 ἡμῖν ὡς ἀνθρώποις οἱ δὲ ὡς πολίταις, ἄλλοι δὲ ὡς πατράσι καί τινες ὡς υἱοῖς, καὶ μετὰ τούτους ὡς ἀνδράσι γυναῖκες ἢ ὡς φίλοις φίλοι. ἐπὰν οὖν ἀπὸ τῶν πλείστων ἡμῖν 20ὀφει λετῶν20 ἀσθενέστερόν τινες περὶ τὴν ἀπόδοσιν τῶν πρὸς ἡμᾶς καθη κόντων ἀναστραφῶσι, φιλανθρωπότερον ποιήσομεν ἀμνησικάκως ἐνεχθέντες πρὸς αὐτοὺς καὶ ἰδίων μεμνημένοι ὀφειλῶν, ὅσας πολ λάκις παραλελοίπαμεν οὐ μόνον πρὸς ἀνθρώπους ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν τὸν θεόν. μεμνημένοι γὰρ ὧν 20ὀφειλέται20 ὄντες οὐκ ἀποδεδώ καμεν ἀλλὰ ἀπεστερήσαμεν παραδραμόντος τοῦ χρόνου, ἐν ᾧ ἐχρῆν ἡμᾶς τάδε τινὰ πρὸς τὸν πλησίον πεποιηκέναι, πρᾳότεροι ἐσόμεθα πρὸς τοὺς καὶ ἡμῖν ὀφλήσαντας καὶ μὴ ἀποδεδωκότας τὴν ὀφειλήν· καὶ μάλιστα ἐὰν μὴ ἐπιλανθανώμεθα τῶν εἰς τὸ θεῖον ἡμῖν παρα νενομημένων καὶ τῆς «εἰς τὸ ὕψος» ἀδικίας ἡμῖν λελαλημένης ἤτοι κατὰ ἄγνοιαν τῆς ἀληθείας ἢ κατὰ δυσαρέστησιν τὴν πρὸς τὰ συμ βάντα ἡμῖν περιστατικά. 28.7 εἰ δὲ μὴ βουλόμεθα πρᾳότεροι γίνεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς ἡμῖν ὀφλήσαντας, πεισόμεθα τὰ τοῦ τὰ «ἑκατὸν δηνάρια» τῷ ὁμοδούλῳ μὴ συγχωρήσαντος, ὅντινα προσυγχωρηθέντα κατὰ τὴν κειμένην ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ παραβολὴν ἐνειλήσας ἐκπράσσει ὁ δεσπότης τὰ προ συγκεχωρημένα, λέγων αὐτῷ· «πονηρὲ δοῦλε καὶ ὀκνηρὲ,» «οὐκ ἔδει ἐλεῆσαί σε τὸν σύνδουλόν σου, ὡς κἀγώ σε ἠλέησα;» βάλετε αὐτὸν «εἰς» τὴν «φυλακὴν,» «ἕως ἀποδῷ πᾶν τὸ 20ὀφειλόμενον20.» ἐπιφέρει δὲ τούτοις ὁ κύριος· «οὕτως καὶ ὑμῖν ὁ πατὴρ ὁ