Homily I.

 1. It is right that any one beginning to narrate the formation of the world should begin with the good order which reigns in visible things. I am abou

 2. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” I stop struck with admiration at this thought. What shall I first say? Where shall I begin

 3. Do not then imagine, O man! that the visible world is without a beginning and because the celestial bodies move in a circular course, and it is di

 4. One day, doubtless, their terrible condemnation will be the greater for all this worldly wisdom, since, seeing so clearly into vain sciences, they

 5. It appears, indeed, that even before this world an order of things existed of which our mind can form an idea, but of which we can say nothing, bec

 6. Such being the different senses of the word beginning, see if we have not all the meanings here. You may know the epoch when the formation of this

 7. Among arts, some have in view production, some practice, others theory. The object of the last is the exercise of thought, that of the second, the

 8. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.” If we were to wish to discover the essence of each of the beings which are offered for our

 9. Do you suppose that a heavier body prevents the earth from falling into the abyss? Then you must consider that this support needs itself a support

 10. There are inquirers into nature who with a great display of words give reasons for the immobility of the earth. Placed, they say, in the middle of

 11. We might say the same thing of the heavens. With what a noise of words the sages of this world have discussed their nature! Some have said that he

 Homily II.

 1. In the few words which have occupied us this morning we have found such a depth of thought that we despair of penetrating further. If such is the f

 2. But the corrupters of the truth, who, incapable of submitting their reason to Holy Scripture, distort at will the meaning of the Holy Scriptures, p

 3. God created the heavens and the earth, but not only half —He created all the heavens and all the earth, creating the essence with the form. For He

 4. “Darkness was upon the face of the deep.” A new source for fables and most impious imaginations if one distorts the sense of these words at the wil

 5. Do not then go beyond yourself to seek for evil, and imagine that there is an original nature of wickedness. Each of us, let us acknowledge it, is

 6.  And the Spirit of God was borne upon the face of the waters  .

 7.  And God said, Let there be light  .

 8. “  And God called the light Day and the darkness he called Night  .”

 Homily III.

 1. We have now recounted the works of the first day, or rather of one day. Far be it from me indeed, to take from it the privilege it enjoys of having

 2. And God said “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.” Yesterday we heard God’s decree,

 3. In the second place, does the firmament that is called heaven differ from the firmament that God made in the beginning? Are there two heavens? The

 4. “  And God said, let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. And God made the firmament, and

 5. But let us continue our explanation: “  Let it divide the waters from the waters  .”

 6. Survey creation you will see the power of heat reigning over all that is born and perishes. On account of it comes all the water spread over the e

 7. Therefore we read: “  Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters  .” I have said what the wo

 8. “  And God called the firmament heaven  .”

 9. But as far as concerns the separation of the waters I am obliged to contest the opinion of certain writers in the Church who, under the shadow of h

 10. “  And God saw that it was good  .” God does not judge of the beauty of His work by the charm of the eyes, and He does not form the same idea of b

 Homily IV.

 1. There are towns where the inhabitants, from dawn to eve, feast their eyes on the tricks of innumerable conjurors. They are never tired of hearing d

 2. “  And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear, and it was so  .” And the water

 3. “Let the waters be gathered together.” It was ordered that it should be the natural property of water to flow, and in obedience to this order, the

 4. To say that the waters were gathered in one place indicates that previously they were scattered in many places. The mountains, intersected by deep

 5. And God said: “  Let the waters be gathered together unto one place and let the dry land appear  .” He did not say let the earth appear, so as not

 6. “  And God saw that it was good  .”

 7. Thus, in the eyes of God, the sea is good, because it makes the under current of moisture in the depths of the earth. It is good again, because fro

 Homily V.

 1. “  And God said Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth grass yielding seed after his kind  .” So that although some kind of grass is of service to animals, even their gain i

 3. Up to this point, the order in which plants shoot bears witness to their first arrangement. Every herb, every plant proceeds from a germ. If, like

 4. What shall I say? What shall I leave unsaid? In the rich treasures of creation it is difficult to select what is most precious the loss of what is

 5. “  Let the earth bring forth grass  .” What spontaneous provision is included in these words,—that which is present in the root, in the plant itsel

 6. “  Let the earth  ,” the Creator adds, “  bring forth the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself 

 7. But let us return to the examination of the ingenious contrivances of creation. How many trees then arose, some to give us their fruits, others to

 8. Plants reproduce themselves in so many different ways, that we can only touch upon the chief among them. As to fruits themselves, who could review

 9. But what need is there to continue, when in the same fig tree we have the most opposite flavours, as bitter in the sap as it is sweet in the fruit?

 10. “  Let the earth bring forth  .” This short command was in a moment a vast nature, an elaborate system. Swifter than thought it produced the count

 Homily VI.

 1. At the shows in the circus the spectator must join in the efforts of the athletes. This the laws of the show indicate, for they prescribe that all

 2. “  And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, and to divide the day from the night  .”

 3. And let no one suppose it to be a thing incredible that the brightness of the light is one thing, and the body which is its material vehicle is ano

 4. “  And let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years  .”

 5. But those who overstep the borders, making the words of Scripture their apology for the art of casting nativities, pretend that our lives depend up

 6. But what effects are produced? Such an one will have curly hair and bright eyes, because he is born under the Ram such is the appearance of a ram.

 7. They do not, however, stop here even our acts, where each one feels his will ruling, I mean, the practice of virtue or of vice, depend, according

 8. Let us return to the words which follow. “Let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years.” We have spoken about signs. By times, we u

 9. “  And God made two great lights  .”

 10. See again another evident proof of its greatness. Although the heaven may be full of stars without number, the light contributed by them all could

 11. On its variations depends also the condition of the air, as is proved by sudden disturbances which often come after the new moon, in the midst of

 Homily VII.

 1. “  And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life  ” after their kind, “  and fowl that may fly above the e

 2. “Let the waters bring forth moving creatures after their kind.” God caused to be born the firstlings of each species to serve as seeds for nature.

 3. The food of fish differs according to their species. Some feed on mud others eat sea weed others content themselves with the herbs that grow in w

 4. It is not thus with us. Why? Because we incessantly move the ancient landmarks which our fathers have set. We encroach, we add house to house, fiel

 5. I myself have seen these marvels, and I have admired the wisdom of God in all things. If beings deprived of reason are capable of thinking and of p

 6. Let husbands listen as well: here is a lesson for them. The viper vomits forth its venom in respect for marriage and you, will you not put aside t

 Homily VIII.

 1. And God said “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and creeping things, and beast of the earth after his kind an

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth a living soul  .” Why did the earth produce a living soul? so that you may make a difference between the soul of cattl

 3. There are also innumerable kinds of birds. If we review them all, as we have partly done the fish, we shall find that under one name, the creatures

 4. What a variety, I have said, in the actions and lives of flying creatures. Some of these unreasoning creatures even have a government, if the featu

 5. How shall we make an exact review of all the peculiarities of the life of birds? During the night cranes keep watch in turn some sleep, others mak

 6. It is said that the turtle-dove, once separated from her mate, does not contract a new union, but remains in widowhood, in remembrance of her first

 7. “  Let the waters bring forth the moving creatures that have life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven  .” They r

 8. If we simply read the words of Scripture we find only a few short syllables. “Let the waters bring forth fowl that may fly above the earth in the o

 Homily IX.

 1. How did you like the fare of my morning’s discourse? It seemed to me that I had the good intentions of a poor giver of a feast, who, ambitious of h

 2. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .”

 3. “  Let the earth bring forth the living creature  .” Thus when the soul of brutes appeared it was not concealed in the earth, but it was born by th

 4. Virtues exist in us also by nature, and the soul has affinity with them not by education, but by nature herself. We do not need lessons to hate ill

 5. But let us return to the spectacle of creation. The easiest animals to catch are the most productive. It is on account of this that hares and wild

 6. Beasts bear witness to the faith. Hast thou confidence in the Lord? “Thou shalt walk upon the asp and the basilisk and thou shalt trample under fee

4. What a variety, I have said, in the actions and lives of flying creatures. Some of these unreasoning creatures even have a government, if the feature of government is to make the activity of all the individuals centre in one common end. This may be observed in bees. They have a common dwelling place; they fly in the air together, they work at the same work together; and what is still more extraordinary is that they give themselves to these labours under the guidance of a king and superintendent, and that they do not allow themselves to fly to the meadows without seeing if the king is flying at their head. As to this king, it is not election that gives him this authority; ignorance on the part of the people often puts the worst man in power; it is not fate; the blind decisions of fate often give authority to the most unworthy. It is not heredity that places him on the throne; it is only too common to see the children of kings, corrupted by luxury and flattery, living in ignorance of all virtue. It is nature which makes the king of the bees, for nature gives him superior size, beauty, and sweetness of character. He has a sting like the others, but he does not use it to revenge himself.  19  Arist., Hist. An. v. 21, and Plin. xi. 17. “Ecce in re parva, villisque nostra annexa, cujus assidua copia est, non constat inter auctores, rex nullumne solus habeat aculeum, majestate tantum armatus: an dederit eum quidem natura, sed usum ejus illi tantum negaverit. Illud constat imperatorem aculeo non uti.” It is a principle of natural and unwritten law, that those who are raised to high office, ought to be lenient in punishing. Even bees who do not follow the example of their king, repent without delay of their imprudence, since they lose their lives with their sting. Listen, Christians, you to whom it is forbidden to “recompense evil for evil” and commanded “to overcome evil with good.”  20  Rom. xii. 17, 21. Take the bee for your model, which constructs its cells without injuring any one and without interfering with the goods of others. It gathers openly wax from the flowers with its mouth, drawing in the honey scattered over them like dew, and injects it into the hollow of its cells. Thus at first honey is liquid; time thickens it and gives it its sweetness.  21  The ancient belief was that honey fell from heaven, in the shape of dew, and the bee only gathered it from leaves. So Verg., Ec. iv. 30, “roscida mella,” and Georg. iv. 1, “aerii mellis cœlestia dona.” cf. Arist., H. A. v. 22 μελὶ δὲ τὸ πίπτον ἐκ τοῦ ἀ& 153·ρος, και μάλιστα τῶν ἄστρων ἀνατολαῖς, καὶ ὅταν κατασκήφη ἡ ἶρις, and Plin. xi. 12. “Sive ille est cœli sudor, sive quædam siderum saliva, sine purgantis se aeris succus,… magnam tamen cœlestis naturæ voluptatem affert.” So Coleridge (Kubla Khan): “For he on honey dew hath fed And drunk the milk of Paradise.” The book of Proverbs has given the bee the most honourable and the best praise by calling her wise and industrious.  22  Prov. vi. 8, lxx. The reference to the bee is not in the Hebrew. How much activity she exerts in gathering this precious nourishment, by which both kings and men of low degree are brought to health! How great is the art and cunning she displays in the construction of the store houses which are destined to receive the honey! After having spread the wax like a thin membrane, she distributes it in contiguous compartments which, weak though they are, by their number and by their mass, sustain the whole edifice. Each cell in fact holds to the one next to it, and is separated by a thin partition; we thus see two or three galleries of cells built one upon the other. The bee takes care not to make one vast cavity, for fear it might break under the weight of the liquid, and allow it to escape. See how the discoveries of geometry are mere by-works to the wise bee!  23  cf. Ælian. v. 13. γεωμετρίαν δὲ καὶ κάλλη σχημάτων καὶ ὡραίας πλάσεις αὐτῶν ἄνευ τέχνης τε καὶ κανόνων καὶ τοῦ καλουμένου ὑπὸ τῶν σοφῶν διαβήτου, τὸ κάλλιστον σχημάτων ἑξαγωνόν τε καὶ ἑξάπλευρον καὶ ἰσογώνιον ἀποδείκνυνται αἱ μέλιτται.

The rows of honey-comb are all hexagonal with equal sides. They do not bear on each other in straight lines, lest the supports should press on empty spaces between and give way; but the angles of the lower hexagons serve as foundations and bases to those which rise above, so as to furnish a sure support to the lower mass, and so that each cell may securely keep the liquid honey.  24  The mathematical exactness of the bee is described by Darwin in terms which make it even more marvellous than it appeared to Basil. “The most wonderful of all known instincts, that of the hive bee, may be explained by natural selection having taken advantage of numerous slight modifications of simpler instincts; natural selection having by slow degrees more and more perfectly led the bees to sweep equal spheres at a given distance from each other in a double layer, and to build up and excavate the wax along the planes of intersection.” Origin of Species, ii. 255, ed. 1861. According to this view the beings from whom hive bees, as we know them, are descended were gifted with certain simple instincts capable of a kind of hereditary unconscious education, resulting in a complex instinct which constructs with exact precision the hexagonal chamber best fitted for the purpose it is designed to fulfil, and then packs it. And it is interesting to note how the great apostle of abstract selection personifies it as a “taker” of “advantage,” and a “leader.”

19 Arist., Hist. An. v. 21, and Plin. xi. 17. “Ecce in re parva, villisque nostra annexa, cujus assidua copia est, non constat inter auctores, rex nullumne solus habeat aculeum, majestate tantum armatus: an dederit eum quidem natura, sed usum ejus illi tantum negaverit. Illud constat imperatorem aculeo non uti.”
20 Rom. xii. 17, 21.
21 The ancient belief was that honey fell from heaven, in the shape of dew, and the bee only gathered it from leaves. So Verg., Ec. iv. 30, “roscida mella,” and Georg. iv. 1, “aerii mellis cœlestia dona.” cf. Arist., H. A. v. 22 μελὶ δὲ τὸ πίπτον ἐκ τοῦ ἀ& 153·ρος, και μάλιστα τῶν ἄστρων ἀνατολαῖς, καὶ ὅταν κατασκήφη ἡ ἶρις, and Plin. xi. 12. “Sive ille est cœli sudor, sive quædam siderum saliva, sine purgantis se aeris succus,… magnam tamen cœlestis naturæ voluptatem affert.” So Coleridge (Kubla Khan): “For he on honey dew hath fed And drunk the milk of Paradise.”
22 Prov. vi. 8, lxx. The reference to the bee is not in the Hebrew.
23 cf. Ælian. v. 13. γεωμετρίαν δὲ καὶ κάλλη σχημάτων καὶ ὡραίας πλάσεις αὐτῶν ἄνευ τέχνης τε καὶ κανόνων καὶ τοῦ καλουμένου ὑπὸ τῶν σοφῶν διαβήτου, τὸ κάλλιστον σχημάτων ἑξαγωνόν τε καὶ ἑξάπλευρον καὶ ἰσογώνιον ἀποδείκνυνται αἱ μέλιτται.
24 The mathematical exactness of the bee is described by Darwin in terms which make it even more marvellous than it appeared to Basil. “The most wonderful of all known instincts, that of the hive bee, may be explained by natural selection having taken advantage of numerous slight modifications of simpler instincts; natural selection having by slow degrees more and more perfectly led the bees to sweep equal spheres at a given distance from each other in a double layer, and to build up and excavate the wax along the planes of intersection.” Origin of Species, ii. 255, ed. 1861. According to this view the beings from whom hive bees, as we know them, are descended were gifted with certain simple instincts capable of a kind of hereditary unconscious education, resulting in a complex instinct which constructs with exact precision the hexagonal chamber best fitted for the purpose it is designed to fulfil, and then packs it. And it is interesting to note how the great apostle of abstract selection personifies it as a “taker” of “advantage,” and a “leader.”

Μυρίαι, ὡς ἔφαμεν, καὶ τῶν πράξεων καὶ τῶν βίων διαφοραί. Ἔστι δέ τινα καὶ πολιτικὰ τῶν ἀλόγων, εἴπερ πολιτείας ἴδιον, τὸ πρὸς ἓν πέρας κοινὸν συννεύειν τὴν ἐνέργειαν τῶν καθ' ἕκαστον, ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν μελισσῶν ἄν τις ἴδοι. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκείνων κοινὴ μὲν ἡ οἴκησις, κοινὴ δὲ ἡ πτῆσις, ἐργασία δὲ πάντων μία: καὶ τὸ μέγιστον, ὅτι ὑπὸ βασιλεῖ καὶ ταξιάρχῳ τινὶ τῶν ἔργων ἅπτονται, οὐ πρότερον καταδεχόμεναι ἐπὶ τοὺς λειμῶνας ἐλθεῖν, πρὶν ἂν ἴδωσι κατάρξαντα τὸν βασιλέα τῆς πτήσεως. Καὶ ἔστιν αὐταῖς οὐ χειροτονητὸς ὁ βασιλεὺς (πολλάκις γὰρ ἀκρισία δήμου τὸν χείριστον εἰς ἀρχὴν προεστήσατο), οὐδὲ κληρωτὴν ἔχων τὴν ἐξουσίαν (ἄλογοι γὰρ αἱ συντυχίαι τῶν κλήρων ἐπὶ τὸν πάντων ἔσχατον πολλάκις τὸ κράτος φέρουσαι), οὐδὲ ἐκ πατρικῆς διαδοχῆς τοῖς βασιλείοις ἐγκαθεζόμενος (καὶ γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι ἀπαίδευτοι καὶ ἀμαθεῖς πάσης ἀρετῆς, διὰ τρυφὴν καὶ κολακείαν, ὡς τὰ πολλὰ, γίνονται), ἀλλ' ἐκ φύσεως ἔχων τὸ κατὰ πάντων πρωτεῖον, καὶ μεγέθει διαφέρων καὶ σχήματι καὶ τῇ τοῦ ἤθους πραότητι. Ἔστι μὲν γὰρ κέντρον τῷ βασιλεῖ, ἀλλ' οὐ χρῆται τούτῳ πρὸς ἄμυναν. Νόμοι τινές εἰσιν οὗτοι τῆς φύσεως ἄγραφοι, ἀργοὺς εἶναι πρὸς τιμωρίαν τοὺς τῶν μεγίστων δυναστειῶν ἐπιβαίνοντας. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ταῖς μελίσσαις, ὅσαι ἂν μὴ ἀκολουθήσωσι τῷ ὑποδείγματι τοῦ βασιλέως, ταχὺ μεταμέλει τῆς ἀβουλίας, ὅτι τῇ πληγῇ τοῦ κέντρου ἐπαποθνήσκουσιν. Ἀκουέτωσαν Χριστιανοὶ, οἷς πρόσταγμά ἐστι μηδενὶ κακὸν ἀντὶ κακοῦ ἀποδιδόναι, ἀλλὰ νικᾶν ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν. Μίμησαι τῆς μελίσσης τὸ ἰδιότροπον, ὅτι οὐδενὶ λυμαινομένη, οὐδὲ καρπὸν ἀλλότριον διαφθείρουσα, τὰ κηρία συμπήγνυται. Τὸν μὲν γὰρ κηρὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθῶν φανερῶς συναγείρει, τὸ δὲ μέλι, τὴν δροσοειδῶς ἐνεσπαρμένην νοτίδα τοῖς ἄνθεσιν, ἐπισπασαμένη τῷ στόματι, ταύτην ταῖς κοιλότησι τῶν κηρίων ἐνίησιν. Ὅθεν καὶ ὑγρὸν παρὰ τὴν πρώτην ἐστίν: εἶτα τῷ χρόνῳ συμπεφθὲν, πρὸς τὴν οἰκείαν σύστασιν καὶ ἡδονὴν ἐπανέρχεται. Καλῶν καὶ πρεπόντων αὕτη τῶν ἐπαίνων παρὰ τῆς Παροιμίας τετύχηκε, σοφὴ καὶ ἐργάτις ὀνομασθεῖσα: οὕτω μὲν φιλοπόνως τὴν τροφὴν συναγείρουσα (Ἧς τοὺς πόνους, φησὶ, βασιλεῖς καὶ ἰδιῶται πρὸς ὑγείαν προσφέρονται), οὕτω δὲ σοφῶς φιλοτεχνοῦσα τὰς ἀποθήκας τοῦ μέλιτος (εἰς λεπτὸν γὰρ ὑμένα τὸν κηρὸν διατείνασα, πυκνὰς καὶ συνεχεῖς ἀλλήλαις συνοικοδομεῖ τὰς κοιλότητας), ὡς τὸ πυκνὸν τῆς τῶν μικροτάτων πρὸς ἄλληλα δέσεως, ἔρεισμα γίνεσθαι τῷ παντί. Ἑκάστη γὰρ φρεατία τῆς ἑτέρας ἔχεται, λεπτῷ πρὸς αὐτὴν διειργομένη τε ὁμοῦ καὶ συναπτομένη τῷ διαφράγματι. Ἔπειτα διώροφοι καὶ τριώροφοι αἱ σύριγγες αὗται ἀλλήλαις ἐπῳκοδόμηνται. Ἐφυλάξατο γὰρ μίαν ποιῆσαι διαμπερὲς τὴν κοιλότητα, ἵνα μὴ τῷ βάρει τὸ ὑγρὸν πρὸς τὸ ἐκτὸς διεκπίπτῃ. Κατάμαθε πῶς τὰ τῆς γεωμετρίας εὑρέματα πάρεργά ἐστι τῆς σοφωτάτης μελίσσης. Ἑξάγωνοι γὰρ πᾶσαι καὶ ἰσόπλευροι τῶν κηρίων αἱ σύριγγες, οὐκ ἐπ' εὐθείας ἀλλήλαις κατεπικείμεναι, ἵνα μὴ κάμνωσιν οἱ πυθμένες τοῖς διακένοις ἐφηρμοσμένοι: ἀλλ' αἱ γωνίαι τῶν κάτωθεν ἑξαγώνων, βάθρον καὶ ἔρεισμα τῶν ὑπερκειμένων εἰσὶν, ὡς ἀσφαλῶς ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν μετεωρίζειν τὰ βάρη, καὶ ἰδιαζόντως ἑκάστῃ κοιλότητι τὸ ὑγρὸν ἐγκατέχεσθαι.