XXXVII.

Thus this noble man went forth from his palace rejoicing, as when after long exile a man returneth with joy to his own country. Outwardly he wore the robes that he was wont to wear, but beneath was the hair-shirt which Barlaam had given him. That night he halted at a poor man's cabin, and stripped himself of his outer raiment, which, as his last alms, he bestowed upon his poor host, and thus by the prayers of that poor man, as well as of so many others, he made God his ally, and put on his grace and help as a garment of salvation; and, clad in a coat of gladness, thus went he off to his hermit-life, carrying with him neither bread, nor water, nor any necessary food, with no garment upon him save the aforesaid rough shirt. For his heart was wounded with a marvellous longing and divine love for Christ the immortal King; he was beside himself with longing, mad for God, possessed by love of him; "For love," he says, "is strong as fire." So drunken was he with this heavenly love, so parched with thirst, according to him that says, "Like as the hart desireth the water-brooks, so longeth my soul after time, O God. My soul is athirst for the mighty and living God"; or, as the soul that is sick of love cries in the Song of Songs, "Thou hast ravished us, ravished us with the desire of you"; and, "Let me see your countenance, and let me hear your voice, for your voice is a sweet voice, and your countenance is comely."

It was the desire for this unspeakable comeliness of Christ that fired the hearts of the Apostolic Quire and of the Martyr folk to despise the things that are seen, and all this temporal life, and the rather to choose ten thousand forms of death and torture, being enamoured of his heavenly beauty, and bearing in mind the charm that the divine Word used for to win our love. Such was the fire that was kindled in the soul of this fair youth also, noble in body, but most noble and kingly in soul, that led him to despise all earthly things alike, to trample on all bodily pleasures, and to contemn riches and glory and the praise of men, to lay aside diadem and purple, as of less worth than cobwebs, and to surrender himself to all the hard and irksome toils of the ascetic life, crying, "O my Christ, my soul is fixed upon you, and your right hand has upholden me."

Thus, without looking back, he passed into the depth of the desert; and, laying aside, like a heavy burden and clog, the stress of transitory things, he rejoiced in the Spirit, and looked steadfastly on Christ, whom he longed for, and cried aloud to him, as though he were there present to hear his voice, saying, "Lord, let mine eyes never again see the good things of this present world. Never, from this moment, let my soul be excited by these present vanities, but fill mine eyes with spiritual tears; direct my goings in your way, and show me your servant Barlaam. Show me him that was the means of my salvation, that I may learn of him the exact rule of this lonely and austere life, and may not be tripped up through ignorance of the wiles of the enemy. Grant me, O Lord, to discover the way whereby to attain unto you, for my soul is sick of love for you, and I am athirst for you, the well of salvation."

These were the thoughts of his heart continually, and he communed with God, being made one with him by prayer and sublime meditation. And thus eagerly he pursued the road, hoping to arrive at the place where Barlaam dwelt. His meat was the herbs that grow in the desert; for he carried nothing with him, as I have already said, save his own bones, and the ragged garment that was around him.

But whilst he found some food, though scanty and insufficient, from the herbs, of water he was quite destitute in that waterless and dry desert. And so at noon-tide, as he held on his way under the fierce blaze of the sun, he was parched with thirst in the hot drought of that desert place, and he suffered the extreme of anguish. But desire of Christ conquered nature, and the thirst wherewith he thirsted for God bedewed the heat of thirst for water.

Now the devil, being envious and full of hate for that which is beautiful, unable to endure the sight of such steadfastness of purpose, and glowing love towards God, raised up against Ioasaph many temptations in the wilderness. He called to his remembrance his kingly glory, and his magnificent body-guard, his friends, kinsfolk and companions, and how the lives of all had depended on his life, and he minded him of the other solaces of life. Then he would confront him with the hardness of virtue, and the many sweats that she requireth, with the weakness of his flesh, with his lack of practice in such rigours, the long years to come, this present distress from thirst, his want of any comfort, and the unendingness of his toils. In a word, he raised a great dust-cloud of reasonings in his mind, exactly, I ween, as it has been recorded of the mighty Antony.

But, when the enemy saw himself too weak to shake that purpose (for Ioasaph set Christ before his mind, and glowed with love of him, and was well strengthened by hope, and steadfast in faith, and recked nothing of the devil and his suggestions), then was the adversary ashamed of having fallen in the first assault. So he came by another road (for many are his paths of wickedness), and endeavoured to overthrow and terrify Ioasaph by means of divers apparitions. Sometimes he appeared to him in black, and such indeed he is: sometimes with a drawn sword he leapt upon him, and threatened to strike, unless he speedily turned back. At other times he assumed the shapes of all manner of beasts, roaring and making a terrible din and bellowing; or again he became a dragon, adder, or basilisk. But that fair and right noble athlete kept his soul in quietness, for he had made the Most High his refuge: and, being sober in mind, he laughed the evil one to scorn, and said, "I know you, deceiver, who you art, which stiffest up this trouble for me; which from the beginning didst devise mischief against mankind, and art ever wicked, and never stintest to do hurt. How becoming and right proper is your habit, that you shouldest take the shape of beasts and of creeping things, and thus display your bestial and crooked nature, and your venomous and hurtful purpose! Wherefore, wretch, attempt the impossible? For ever since I discovered that these be the contrivances and bug-bears of your malice, I have now no more anxiety concerning you. The Lord is on my side, and I shall see my desire upon mine enemies. I shall go upon the adder and basilisk, the which you dost resemble; you, the lion and dragon I shall tread under my feet; for I am strengthened with the might of Christ. Let mine enemies be ashamed and turned backward: let them be driven and put to shame suddenly."

Thus speaking, and girding on that invincible weapon, the sign of the Cross, he made vain the devil's shows. For straightway all the beasts and creeping things disappeared, like as the smoke vanisheth, and like as wax melteth at the fire. And he, strong in the might of Christ, went on his way rejoicing and giving thanks unto the Lord. But there dwelt in that desert many divers beasts, and all kinds of serpents, and dragon-shaped monsters, and these met him, not now as apparitions but in sober sooth, so that his path was beset by fear and toil. But he overcame both, for love, as says the scripture, cast out fear, and longing made toil light. Thus he wrestled with many sundry misfortunes and hardships until, after many days, he arrived at that desert of the land of Senaar, wherein Barlaam dwelt. There also he found water and quenched the burning of his thirst.

XXXVII

Ἐξῆλθεν οὖν τῶν βασιλείων ὁ γενναῖος ἐκεῖνος χαίρων, ὡς ὅταν ἐκ μακρᾶς ἐξορίας εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν τις ἐπανερχόμενος γηθοσύνως πορεύοιτο. καὶ ἦν ἐνδεδυμένος, ἔξωθεν μὲν τὰ ἐξ ἔθους ἱμάτια, ἔσωθεν δὲ τὸ τρίχινον ῥάκος ἐκεῖνο ὅπερ ὁ Βαρλαὰμ αὐτῷ δεδώκει. τῇ δὲ νυκτὶ ἐκείνῃ εἰς οἰκίσκον πένητός τινος καταντήσας, τὰ περικείμενα αὐτῷ ἄμφια ἐκβαλών, τελευταίαν ταύτην εὐποιΐαν τῷ πένητι δίδωσι: καὶ οὕτω ταῖς ἐκείνου τε καὶ πολλῶν ἑτέρων πενήτων εὐχαῖς ἐπίκουρον ἑαυτοῦ τὸν Θεὸν θέμενος, καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ χάριν καὶ βοήθειαν ὡς ἱμάτιον σωτηρίου καὶ χιτῶνα εὐφροσύνης ἑαυτῷ περιβαλλόμενος, ἐπὶ τὸν ἐρημικὸν ἐξῆλθε βίον, μὴ ἄρτον ἐπιφερόμενος, μὴ ὕδωρ, μηδ' ἄλλο τι τῶν πρὸς τροφὴν ἐπιτηδείων, μὴ ἱμάτιον ἐνδεδυμένος, ἀλλ' ἢ τὸ σκληρὸν ἐκεῖνο ῥάκος μόνον, οὗπερ πρὸ μικροῦ ἐμνήσθημεν. πόθῳ γάρ τινι ὑπερφυεῖ καὶ ἔρωτι θείῳ τρωθεὶς τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ ἀθανάτου βασιλέως Χριστοῦ, ὅλως ἦν τοῦ ποθουμένου ἐξεστηκώς, ὅλως ἠλλοιωμένος Θεῷ, κάτοχος τῇ τούτου ἀγάπῃ: Κραταιὰ γάρ, φησίν, ὡς πῦρ ἀγάπη: τοιαύτην αὐτὸς ἀπὸ τῆς θείας ἀγάπης ἐδέξατο μέθην, καὶ οὕτως ἐξεκαύθη τῷ δίψει, κατὰ τὸν εἰπόντα: Ὃν τρόπον ἐπιποθεῖ ἡ ἔλαφος ἐπὶ τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων, οὕτως ἐπιποθεῖ ἡ ψυχή μου πρὸς σέ, ὁ Θεός: ἐδίψησεν ἡ ψυχή μου πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν τὸν ἰσχυρόν, τὸν ζῶντα: καὶ καθὼς ἡ τετρωμένη τῆς τοιαύτης ἀγάπης ψυχὴ βοᾷ ἐν τῷ Ἄισματι τῶν ᾀσμάτων: Ἐκαρδίωσας ἡμᾶς τῷ πόθῳ σου, ἐκαρδίωσας ἡμᾶς: καί: Δεῖξόν μοι τὴν ὄψιν σου, καὶ ἀκούτισόν μοι τὴν φωνήν σου: ἡ γὰρ φωνή σου φωνὴ ἡδεῖα καὶ ἡ ὄψις σου ὡραία.

Ταύτης τῆς ἀνεκλαλήτου ὡραιότητος Χριστοῦ τὸν πόθον ἐν καρδίᾳ δεξάμενος ὁ τῶν ἀποστόλων χορὸς καὶ τῶν μαρτύρων οἱ δῆμοι πάντων ὑπερεῖδον τῶν ὁρωμένων, πάσης δὲ ζωῆς τῆς προσκαίρου, καὶ τὰ μυρία τῶν βασάνων καὶ θανάτων εἴδη προείλοντο, ἐρασθέντες τοῦ θείου κάλλους καὶ τὸ περὶ ἡμᾶς τοῦ θείου Λόγου λογισάμενοι φίλτρον. τοῦτο τὸ πῦρ καὶ ὁ καλὸς οὗτος καὶ εὐγενὴς μὲν τῷ σώματι, εὐγενέστατος δὲ μᾶλλον καὶ βασιλικώτατος τὴν ψυχήν, ἐν ἑαυτῷ δεξάμενος, πάντων ὁμοῦ τῶν γηΐνων καταφρονεῖ, πατεῖ πάσας τὰς τοῦ σώματος ἡδονάς, ὑπερορᾷ πλούτου καὶ δόξης καὶ τῆς παρὰ ἀνθρώπων τιμῆς, ἀποτίθεται διάδημα καὶ ἁλουργίδα, τῶν ἀραχνίων ὑφασμάτων εὐτελέστερα ταῦτα λογισάμενος, πρὸς πάντα δὲ τὰ ἐπίπονα καὶ λυπηρὰ τοῦ ἀσκητικοῦ βίου προθύμως ἑαυτὸν ἐκδίδωσιν, Ἐκολλήθη, βοῶν, ὦ Χριστέ μου, ἐκολλήθη ἡ ψυχή μου ὀπίσω σου: ἐμοῦ δὲ ἀντελάβετο ἡ δεξιά σου.

Καὶ οὕτως ἀμεταστρεπτὶ χωρήσας εἰς τὸ τῆς ἐρήμου βάθος, καὶ ὡς ἄχθος τι καὶ κλοιὸν βαρύτατον ἀποθέμενος τῶν προσκαίρων τὴν σύγχυσιν, εὐφράνθη τῷ πνεύματι, καὶ τῷ ποθουμένῳ ἀτενίσας Χριστῷ, ἐβόα πρὸς αὐτόν, ὡς παρόντι καὶ τῆς φωνῆς ἐπαΐοντι διαλεγόμενος: Μὴ τὰ ἀγαθά, φησί, τοῦ κόσμου τούτου ἴδοι ὁ ὀφθαλμός μου ἔτι, Κύριε: μὴ μετεωρισθείην ἀπὸ τῆς δεῦρο τὸν νοῦν ὑπὸ τῆς παρούσης ματαιότητος: ἀλλ' ἔμπλησον τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου, Κύριε, δακρύων πνευματικῶν καὶ κατεύθυνον τὰ διαβήματά μου, καὶ ὑπόδειξόν μοι τὸν σὸν θεράποντα Βαρλαάμ. ὑπόδειξόν μοι τὸν ἐμοὶ σωτηρίας γενόμενον πρόξενον, ἵνα καὶ τοῦ ἐρημικοῦ βίου τούτου καὶ ἀσκητικοῦ δι' αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀκρίβειαν μάθοιμι καὶ μὴ τῇ ἀπειρίᾳ τῶν πολέμων τοῦ ἐχθροῦ ὑποσκελισθῶ. δός μοι, Κύριε, τὴν ὁδὸν εὑρεῖν δι' ἧς ἐπιτύχω σου, ὅτι τέτρωται ἡ ψυχή μου τῷ πόθῳ σου, καὶ σὲ διψῶ τὴν πηγὴν τῆς σωτηρίας.

Ταῦτα ἔστρεφε καθ' ἑαυτὸν ἀεί, καὶ τῷ Θεῷ διελέγετο, διὰ προσευχῆς αὐτῷ καὶ θεωρίας ὑψηλοτάτης ἑνούμενος. καὶ οὕτω συντόνως τὴν ὁδοιπορίαν διήνυε, τὸν χῶρον σπεύδων καταλαβεῖν, ἔνθα Βαρλαὰμ διῆγεν. ἐτρέφετο δὲ ταῖς φυομέναις βοτάναις κατὰ τὴν ἔρημον: οὐδὲν γὰρ ἄλλο ἐπεφέρετο, καθάπερ ἔφθην εἰπών, εἰ μὴ μόνον τὸ σῶμα τὸ ἴδιον καὶ τὸ ῥάκος ὃ περιεβέβλητο.

Ἀλλὰ τροφὴν μὲν μετρίαν καὶ οὐδαμινὴν ἐκ τῶν βοτανῶν ποριζόμενος, ὕδατος παντελῶς ἠπόρει, ἀνύδρου καὶ ξηρᾶς οὔσης τῆς ἐρήμου ἐκείνης. ἤδη τοίνυν περὶ τὰς μεσημβρίας, τοῦ ἡλίου σφοδρὸν φλέγοντος, τῆς ὁδοιπορίας ἐχόμενος, σφοδρότερον αὐτὸς ἐφλέγετο ἐν δίψει καύματος ἐν ἀνύδρῳ, καὶ τὴν ἐσχάτην ἐταλαιπωρεῖτο ταλαιπωρίαν: ἀλλ' ἐνίκα ὁ πόθος τὴν φύσιν, καὶ ἡ δίψα, ἣν πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ἐδίψα, τὴν φλόγα ἐδρόσιζε τῆς τοῦ ὕδατος δίψης.

Ὁ δὲ μισόκαλος καὶ φθονερὸς διάβολος, μὴ ὑποφέρων ἐν αὐτῷ τὴν τοιαύτην ὁρᾶν πρόθεσιν καὶ οὕτω θερμοτάτην πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ἀγάπην, πολλοὺς αὐτῷ κατὰ τὴν ἔρημον ἐξήγειρε πειρασμούς, ὑποβάλλων αὐτῷ μνήμην τῆς βασιλικῆς αὐτοῦ δόξης καὶ τῆς παρισταμένης αὐτῷ λαμπροτάτης δορυφορίας, φίλων τε καὶ συγγενῶν καὶ ὁμηλίκων, καὶ ὡς αἱ πάντων ψυχαὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ ἐξήρτηντο ψυχῆς, καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ἀνέσεις τοῦ βίου: εἶτα τὸ τραχὺ τῆς ἀρετῆς προεβάλλετο καὶ τοὺς πολλοὺς αὐτῆς ἱδρῶτας, τοῦ σώματός τε τὴν ἀσθένειαν καὶ τὸ ἀσύνηθες αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ τοιαύτῃ ταλαιπωρίᾳ, καὶ τοῦ χρόνου τὸ μῆκος, τὴν ἐν χερσίν τε ἀνάγκην τῆς δίψης, καὶ τὸ μηδαμόθεν ἐκδέχεσθαι παράκλησιν ἢ τέλος τοῦ τοσούτου κόπου: καὶ ὅλως πολὺν αὐτῷ ἤγειρε κονιορτὸν τῶν λογισμῶν ἐν τῇ διανοίᾳ, καθά που καὶ περὶ τοῦ μεγάλου γέγραπται Ἀντωνίου.

Ὡς δὲ εἶδεν ἑαυτὸν ὁ ἐχθρὸς ἀσθενοῦντα πρὸς τὴν ἐκείνου πρόθεσιν (τὸν Χριστὸν γὰρ αὐτὸς ἐνθυμούμενος καὶ τῷ ἐκείνου πόθῳ φλεγόμενος, ῥωννύμενός τε καλῶς τῇ ἐλπίδι καὶ τῇ πίστει στηριζόμενος, εἰς οὐδὲν τὰς ἐκείνου ὑπερβολὰς ἐλογίζετο), κατῃσχύνθη ὁ πολέμιος ἐκ πρώτης, ὃ λέγεται, προσβολῆς πεσών. ἑτέραν οὖν ἔρχεται ὁδόν (πολλαὶ γὰρ αὐτῷ αἱ τῆς κακίας τρίβοι), καὶ φαντάσμασι ποικίλοις ἀνατρέπειν αὐτὸν ἐπειρᾶτο καὶ εἰς δειλίαν ἐμβαλεῖν, ποτὲ μὲν μέλας αὐτῷ φαινόμενος, οἷός ἐστι: ποτὲ δέ, ῥομφαίαν ἐσπασμένην κατέχων, ἐπεπήδα αὐτῷ, καὶ πατάξαι ἠπείλει, εἰ μὴ θᾶττον εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω στραφῇ: ἄλλοτε θηρίων ὑπήρχετο παντοδαπῶν μορφάς, βρυχῶν κατ' αὐτοῦ καὶ δεινότατον ἀποτελῶν μυκηθμὸν καὶ ψόφον: εἶτα καὶ εἰς δράκοντα μετεμορφοῦτο καὶ ἀσπίδα καὶ βασιλίσκον. ὁ δὲ καλὸς ἐκεῖνος καὶ γενναιότατος ἀθλητὴς ἀτρέμας ἦν τὴν ψυχήν, ἅτε δὴ τὸν ὕψιστον ἑαυτοῦ καταφυγὴν θέμενος. νήφων δὲ τῇ διανοίᾳ καὶ κατεγγελῶν τοῦ πονηροῦ, ἔλεγεν: Οὐκ ἔλαθές με, ὦ ἀπατεών, ὅστις εἶ, ὁ ταῦτά μοι ἐγείρων, ὁ ἐξ ἀρχῆς κακὰ τεκταινόμενος τῶν ἀνθρώπων τῷ γένει, καὶ ἀεί ποτε πονηρὸς ὢν καὶ τὸ βλάπτειν οὐδαμῶς ἀπολείπων. ἀλλ' ὡς προσῆκόν σοι τὸ σχῆμα καὶ οἰκειότατον, αὐτῷ δὴ τούτῳ τῷ θηρίοις καὶ ἑρπετοῖς ὁμοιοῦσθαι, τὸ θηριῶδές σου τῆς γνώμης καὶ σκολιόν, ἰοβόλον τε καὶ βλαπτικὸν τῆς προαιρέσεως ἐνδεικνυμένῳ. τί οὖν ἀνηνύτοις ἐπιχειρεῖς, ἄθλιε; ἐξότε γὰρ ἔγνων τῆς σῆς εἶναι κακίας τὰ μηχανήματα ταῦτα καὶ φόβητρα, οὐδεμία μοι λοιπὸν ἔτι ἐστὶ φροντὶς περὶ σοῦ. Κύριος ἐμοὶ βοηθός, κἀγὼ ἐπόψομαι τοὺς ἐχθρούς μου, καὶ ἐπὶ ἀσπίδα καὶ βασιλίσκον σε ἐπιβήσομαι οἷς ὁμοιοῦσαι, καὶ καταπατήσω σε τὸν λέοντα καὶ δράκοντα, τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ Χριστοῦ κραταιούμενος. αἰσχυνθείησαν καὶ ἐντραπείησαν πάντες οἱ ἐχθροί μου: ἀποστραφείησαν καὶ καταισχυνθείησαν σφόδρα διὰ τάχους.

Ταῦτα λέγων, καὶ τὸ σημεῖον τοῦ σταυροῦ ἑαυτῷ περιβαλὼν ὅπλον ἀκαταγώνιστον, πάσας τὰς τοῦ διαβόλου φαντασίας κατήργησεν. εὐθὺς γὰρ τά τε θηρία καὶ τὰ ἑρπετά, ὡς ἐκλείπει καπνός, ἐξέλιπον, καὶ ὡς τήκεται κηρὸς ἀπὸ προσώπου πυρός: αὐτὸς δέ, τῇ τοῦ Χριστοῦ δυνάμει ἰσχύων, ἐπορεύετο χαίρων καὶ εὐχαριστῶν τῷ Κυρίῳ. ἀλλὰ καὶ θηρία πολλὰ καὶ ποικίλα καὶ ὄφεων παντοδαπὰ καὶ δρακοντόμορφα γένη ἡ ἔρημος ἐκείνη τρέφει, ἅτινα συναντῶντα αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔτι φαντασίᾳ, ἀλλ' ἀληθείᾳ ἐδείκνυτο, ὡς ἐντεῦθεν φόβου μὲν ἦν πλήρης ἡ ὁδὸς καὶ πόνου: αὐτὸς δὲ ἀμφοτέρων ὑπερίπτατο τῷ λογισμῷ, τὸν μὲν φόβον τῆς ἀγάπης, ὥς φησιν ἡ Γραφή, ἔξω βαλλούσης, τὸν πόνον δὲ τοῦ πόθου ἐπικουφίζοντος. οὕτως οὖν πολλαῖς καὶ ποικίλαις συμφοραῖς καὶ ταλαιπωρίαις πυκτεύσας, δι' ἡμερῶν οὐκ ὀλίγων κατέλαβε τὴν ἔρημον ἐκείνην τῆς Σενααρίτιδος γῆς, ἐν ᾗ ὁ Βαρλαὰμ ᾤκει: ἔνθα καὶ ὕδατος τυχὼν τὴν φλόγα κατέσβεσε τῆς δίψης.