Chapter V. On the feast of Tabernacles, that it signifies the restitution of the hope due to the Saints, and the resurrection from the dead; on the words, Now the feast of the Jews, that of Tabernacles was at hand.

Chap. vii. And after these things Jesus used to walk in Galilee, for He would not walk in Jewry, because the Jews were seeking to kill Him.

After these both words and deeds (he says) Christ again more gladly made His sojournings in Galilee: for this, I suppose, is the meaning of used to walk, yet he shews that His being with them was not of His Own choice, but rather happened of necessity, adding the reason. For the Jews (he says) wished to kill Him. Wherefore He gave Himself over for a long time to the aliens, refusing to walk in Jewry. But I suppose again that in these words no less is Israel found fault with for its extreme perverseness, if indeed the being found among the Gentiles was shewn to be far better than living with it. And this it was that was uttered by the prophet Jeremiah, I have forsaken Mine House, I have left Mine heritage; I gave My loved Soul into the hand of her enemies. For Christ's being made an outcast because of the impiety of them that persecute Him, and going away among the Galileans, how is it not plainly the giving up of His Own Soul into the hands of her enemies? For the Gentiles are Christ's enemies, in that they do service to another and worship the creature instead of the Creator, because they had not yet received the faith in Him. And this Himself will teach us clearly, saying, He that is not with Me is against Me. But I suppose every one will say that the Gentiles were not with Christ, previous to their true knowledge of God and faith; they were therefore against Him, and hence in the rank of His enemies. This being so and clearly acknowledged, so great abomination was practised among them of Israel, that He was in better case, living among His enemies, and making His abode with them with whom He least ought was pleasanter, than what was meeter far and more congenial, to be among them who are His kinsmen after the flesh and, on this ground, bound to love Him. With greatest reason then did Christ depart unto the Gentiles, and by the very act of doing so did He in a manner say, that if they did not desist from persecuting Him, and from destroying with their mad folly their Benefactor, Christ would wholly give Himself to those without, and remove unto the Gentiles. As then we said that He hinted this by this act, so again we shall find that by a figure of old did He threaten His departure from Jerusalem.

When then He was ordering the laws about sacrifices, as is written also in Leviticus, having fore-appointed, as for an image of Christ, that a bullock should be brought as a gift and a whole burnt-offering to the Lord, he again outlines Him in another way, saying, If his gift to the Lord be of the sheep, of the lambs and of the kids, for a whole burnt sacrifice, he shall bring a male without blemish, and shall lay his hand upon the head thereof and they shall kill it on the side of the altar northward before the Lord. How then the Mystery of Christ is shaped unto us by these things, we must needs enquire. And first I think we ought to speak of the situation both of the Temple itself at Jerusalem and of the Divine altar, that so we may understand, what is the meaning of that the sheep is not to look straight before it, but rather to be turned toward the north. The territory of the Jews therefore lies in the more southern quarters of the earth, and the temple faces eastward and opens its doors toward the first rays of the sun; yea and the Divine altar itself, reared over against the holy, as it were in the sight of God, shewed its front to those who enter from the East, its two sides looking one south, the other north. That it actually is as we have said, you may have full proof from the passage of the Prophet Ezekiel. For when he was being taught about the death of Phaltias , i. e., in spiritual vision, he says thus, And I saw, and lo about five and twenty men, their backs towards the temple of the Lord and their faces right away, and they were worshipping the sun toward the east. But if a man worshiping the rising sun have the temple behind him, how must one not suppose that the front of the temple was turned eastward? But in the same position was the Divine altar itself, as we have said. Therefore the front giving entry both of the temple itself and of the Divine altar was to the east: the two sides, one to the south, the other to the north; and the side yet remaining, which is conceived of as the back, looking westward. The things therefore we have said being thus, we shall find that north of it lies the neighbour of Judaea, Galilee, that is, the country of the Gentiles, as it is written, Galilee of the Gentiles, Since then our Lord Jesus Christ was about, after His saving Passion, to depart out of the country of the Jews, and go into Galilee, that is, to the church of the Gentiles, the sheep that was taken in type as a sacrifice, was slain at the side of the Altar so as to look northward, according as it is spoken by the Psalmist of Christ, His eyes look unto the nations.

But since the blessed Evangelist says that He refused His Presence to the Jews, because they were plotting to kill Him, we will add this to what we have said, that we do not consider the withdrawal of Christ as an imputation of cowardice, nor yet will we therefore accuse of weakness Him That is mighty unto all things, but we will accept the mode of the economy. For it beseemed Him not before His time, but in His own time to endure the Cross for all.  

3, 4, 5  His brethren therefore said unto Him, Depart hence and go into Judaea, that Thy disciples also may see the works that Thou doest (for no man doeth anything in secret, and himself seeketh to be known openly); if Thou do these things, manifest Thyself to the world. For neither did His brethren believe on Him.

The reputed brethren of the Saviour not yet recognizing God the Word indwelling in His Holy Flesh, nor knowing at the time when they are saying these things, that He was made Man, have still petty conceptions of Him and think far too little of the grace and excellence that is in Him, seeing nothing more than the rest, deluded by the common opinions of Him, thinking that He too was in truth begotten of their father Joseph, and not seeing the hidden provision of the Mystery. For when many (as is like) miracles were being wrought secretly by Christ in Galilee, they persuade Him to seek after vain glory, and advise Him to receive the wonder of the spectators, as though it were some great thing, as though for the sake of this alone, He were willing to perform the several miracles He had wrought, in order that He might just seem an object of wonder to the beholders, and might revel in the praise of men, after the fashion of some whose habit is to seek for glory. For see how they counsel Him to go up to Judaea. and to work miracles there rather, not in order that His disciples might believe on Him, but that they might see the works which He doeth. For (say they) if Thou wilt be known (for this is the meaning of "openly") be not a worker of marvels in secret, nor, since Thou art preeminent in Thy Power of doing all things, shun publicity: for so shalt Thou be renowned to the world, and more illustrious among beholders. This then is their address here. And profitably does the most wise Evangelist note that not yet had His brethren believed on Him. For it would indeed have been one of the strangest things, that they who through faith had already taken hold of God-befitting acknowledgment of Him, should be guilty of such cold expressions. But at that time having not as yet believed they speak wisely, but when they understanding the great mystery concerning Him had believed, they hasten on to such a height of piety and virtue, as both to be called Apostles, and to attain illustrious piety. This too you have, fore-sung by the voice of Prophets. And verily the blessed Jeremiah says, as to our Lord Jesus Christ, For both thy brethren and the house of thy father, they too despised Thee, and they cried out; of thy followers were they gathered together: believe them not, for they will speak fair words unto Thee. For His brethren who before the faith thought little of Him, and in the words just spoken, all but attempt to cry out against Him, were gathered together through faith, and have spoken fair words unto Him, both aiding others, and striving with words in behalf of the faith. Very watchfully did the Prophet, having named His brethren, profitably add, The house of Thy father, lest they too should be supposed to have been of the blessed Virgin, rather than of His father Joseph alone.

6 Jesus saith therefore unto them, My time is not yet come, but your time is always ready.

The Saviour's discourse is always overshadowed, for so is it written of Him, And He shall be a Man That hideth His Words. And that this too was contrived to their profit, who that is wise will not say? Not yet therefore is the time (He says) for unrestrained publicity, nor yet of manifestation unveiled unto all, since the mind of the Jews is not yet ripe unto understanding, so as to be able to receive My words without wrath and anger: nor yet doth fit opportunity summon Me now to be altogether made known unto the world, since the Jew's have not yet wholly fallen from grace, nor yet so raged against Me, that I must needs at length depart unto others. For this reason then does He say that not yet is His time come, but says that theirs is come, and is always ready. For we say that men of the world may do as they list, no necessity hampering them, or calling them to an opportune economy which avises them whether they ought to do any thing or not, as was the case with Christ. On the contrary, the manner of living of those who have chosen life in the world, is remiss and free from more laborious care, bringing in opportunity ever ready and unfolded unto what likes them best and readily permitting those who practise it, to go whithersoever they list.

When therefore things are necessarily subjected to economies, not every time is fit for doing what has to be done, but that which fits each several duty, according as the nature of the thing demands: but on one who has chosen to live unbound is no such thing imposed: but rather, the path to wherever they would go, is ever most ready and wholly unlet.

7 The world cannot hate you, but Me it hateth, because I testify of it that its works are evil.

Very kindly now also doth the Saviour reprove His brethren, who are still too worldly-minded and disposed, and brings forward a second defence, mingled with skill, whereby He shews that not only are they ignorant Who He is by Nature, but are still so far removed from love to Him, as to choose to live in a way not unconformed to them who admire living in the world, and not rather in virtue. For it would have been verily most absurd to say to everybody else what would be of use, having laid aside all disguise about it, yet not to bestow on His reputed brethren, in far greater measure, things wherewith they, having now the Giver of wisdom, might learn with no slight profit. And this is the custom of our Saviour Christ. For He sometimes seizing favourable opportunity fashioneth great instruction unto His hearers. Ever dear therefore (saith He) to each is that which is akin to it, and identity of habit wondrously bringeth together unto agreement. The world doth not hate you (for ye savour yet that which is of it) but Me it hateth, taking not kindly its being accused by Me for its unseemly deeds. Therefore with safety will Ye go up to the feast, I not. For I shall surely dispute and being present tell them what is for their good; but bitter to lovers of pleasure is reproof, and meet for kindling unto wrath him that receives it not in due sobriety of mind.

But in these words again doth the Lord profit us too. For it is profitable not to make one's reproofs inconsiderately, nor to give to all instruction through reproof, but to know what is written, Rebuke not the bad lest they hate thee (for hatred is not unharmful to us) but rather to be zealous to speak in the ears of them that hear, as it is written. For the world loveth sin, the Lord is a corrector of them that act not rightly: and correction must often be attained by reproof. For the mere enumeration of sin, is a rebuke to those who love it, and the reproof of iniquity, is blame to those who have it. When therefore necessity calls the teacher to administer reproof, and the mode of cure requires this to be gone through, and he that is being against his will instructed by rebuke is exceeding angry, then must the ills of hatred surely arise. Therefore does the Saviour say He is hated by the world, in that it cannot yet bear exhortation with rebuke, when it ought to do so for profit sake. For the mind that is in bondage to evil pleasures, is quite angry with the advice that would persuade it to due sobriety. And these things the Saviour says, not altogether saying that He will not go to Jerusalem, nor refusing to give the reproofs which may be profitable to the sinners, but minded to do this too and every thing else at the fit time. And we must observe that He says something of the same kind to His own disciples also. For when He was encouraging them, and teaching them not to be too indignant at the things that should come to pass, when they should preach Him to the world, and fall into a thousand trials in consequence, He says, If ye were of the world, the world would love his own, but because ye are not of the world, therefore the world hateth you; calling the world here not the visible creation, but rather they who savour the things of the world, by whom one who loves not the same as they and that exceedingly is deemed an hard man and an adverse and an enemy: but akin and dear is he who consents with them, and by sameness of life is entangled together with them in congeniality in baseness.

8 Go Ye up unto this feast, I go not up unto this feast, for My time is not yet fulfilled.

The Lord now says clearly that He will not feast with the Jews, or go with them, to partake with them in their rejoicing in shadows. For that which is once said to a few, albeit reputed His brethren, will be extended in its force to the whole race of Israel. For no one will say that Jesus refused to be with His brethren on their own account in particular, seeing He was plainly with them in Galilee, and we must suppose that not without a purpose by reason of His generally supposed relationship after the flesh, did He also dwell with them. It is manifest then, that the whole multitude of the Jews being introduced in a type by His brethren, Christ declines feasting with them, according to that which is said by one of the holy Prophets, I have hated, I have thrust away your feast days, and I will not smell in your solemn assemblies: for even though ye offer Me whole burnt offerings and sacrifices, I will not accept them, and will not look at your assembly of thanksgiving: take thou away from Me the noise of thy songs and the psalm of thine instruments I will not hear. For God is a Spirit, and they that worship Him must worship Him in spirit and in truth, as the Saviour Himself saith. But being a Spirit, He would (one may think) take pleasure in spiritual honours and offerings, for a type too whereof by command of the law, were the sacrifices of oxen and sheep, oblations moreover of frankincense, of fine flour and wine and oil, duly appointed, signifying by more visible forms the many hues of the virtue of them that worship in spirit. Do Ye then (He says) who still love the shadow, and are more grossly and Jewishly affected concerning these things, go up to the assembly that is in shadows and types; Me it pleaseth not so to feast; to this feast I go not up, that, namely, in type and outline: for I have no pleasure in it, but rather I await the time of the true assembly, which is not yet full come. For then, then (He says) shall I be together with My company rejoicing in the brightness of the saints, in the glory of the Father, flashing forth extreme brilliance. But He says His and calls the time His own. For His is the feast, He the Master of it. For to Him did the blessed Jeremiah ascribe it, saying to those who have neglected piety to God-ward, and held for nought the desire to excel in goodness, What will ye do in the day of the Assembly, and in the days of the feast of the Lord? For ye (He says) who totally reject all toil for virtue, and have not the bright robe of the love of God, what will ye do in the day of the assembly, how shall ye come in to the Divine and Heavenly Feast, or how shall not the master of the Feast with reason thrust you forth from the most glorious choir of them that were bidden, saying, Friend, how earnest thou in hither not having a wedding garment? Akin to this, and bringing us the same meaning, is that in the Prophet Zechariah, And it shall come to pass (he says) that every one that is left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to year to worship the King, the Lord of Hosts, and to keep the feast of tabernacles. He says that they which are left shall go up to worship the great King, and to accomplish the feast of tabernacles. For whereas many have been called by grace, not many are they who go up to the city above; for few are the chosen, as the Saviour saith, taken to wit out of every nation. But in saying that they shall go up to worship, he shews that they no longer perform the worship of the law, but rather that in spirit, and keep the feast of tabernacles in truth, well-nigh with clear voice singing that verse of the Psalms, Blessed be the Lord, because He hath heard the voice of my supplication: on Him trusted my heart, and I was holpen, and my flesh revived. For the flesh revived, and will live again, and that not apart from Christ: for He hath been made to us the First-fruits of the resurrection, and the door of the truer feast of tabernacles. And this it was that was said by one of the holy Prophets, I will raise up the tabernacle of David that is fallen. For the tabernacle that fell, of Christ Who is of the seed of David according to the flesh, was first raised to incorruption by the Power of God the Father, according to what is said to the Jews by one of the Apostles concerning Him, This Man delivered up by the determinate counsel and fore-knowledge of God, ye took by hand of ungodly men and crucified and slew: Whom God raised up, having loosed the pangs of death, because it was not possible that He should be holden of it, and again, This Jesus God raised up, whereof all We are witnesses. For that it is the custom of the Divine Scripture, to call Christ, Who was of David after the flesh, David, is not at all hard to see.

9, 10 When He had said these words unto them, He abode in Galilee: but when His brethren were gone up, then went He also up unto the feast, not openly, but as it were in secret.

Christ dwells gladly in Galilee, and banished from the country of Judaea, takes up His Abode more peaceably and securely, that again the multitude of the Gentiles albeit exceedingly uninstructed, by reason of the error that yet holdeth them, might be shewn to be nobler than those who seemed to be skilled in the law. By this He shewed both His just love for thorn, and most reasonable hatred of them of Judaea. For how would not He Who knoweth all things before they be, be so affected, as to deem the church of the Gentiles already worthy of the Divine Love, since it was so easily called to believe on Him; and at length to cast off and justly loathe Jerusalem as senseless, He who even before the times of His coming is said to have desired her beauty, according to the voice of the Psalmist, but called the stiff-necked Jerusalem an harlot and an adulteress, and of the like of this what did He not call her? Most clearly in truth doth He by the Prophet Ezekiel say to her, Wherefore, O harlot, hear the word of the Lord, and by the voice of Jeremiah accuseth her as an adulteress, calling out, As a wife rejecteth her husband, so the house of Israel rejected Me, saith the Lord. As having then according to the fore-knowledge of God-befitting Counsel, surveyed the beauty of the Church of the Gentiles, and the baseness of the synagogue of the Jews in its wicked ways, He already before-loveth the one and goeth in unto her, as to a bride in the chamber, but fore-hateth the other, reserving for the fit time what was due in full measure to each. For He neither brings wholly upon them of Israel punishment before the time, nor gives Himself wholly to Galilee before the saving cross: for then He could with justice and on reasonable causes, withdraw from His Love to them. Having then said that He would not go up to this feast, and having permitted His brethren to do so, if they would; by Himself (for He affirmed that His time was not yet come) does He go up after them, not saying one thing and doing the contrary to what He says (for that would be lying, albeit guile, that is, falsehood is said not to have been found at all in His Mouth) but minded to what He promised. For He goeth not up to feast with them, but rather to admonish them, and (since He came to save) to say and teach the things which lead to life everlasting. For that this was His aim, His not wishing to go with them that were going up, and going up hardly and secretly, not openly and with the joy of those who go to a festival, will clearly shew.

And verily, when at length He was going up to his saving Passion, He went up not in secret, but borne upon an ass's colt, as a type of the new people, with an almost innumerable company of children preceding Him, fulfilling the part of the people that should be born, of whom it is written, And a people which is created shall praise the Lord. And the children going before were shouting, Blessed is He That cometh in the Name of the Lord, Hosanna in the Highest. Therefore by coming up in secret, He shews that Christ came to Jerusalem by no means to feast with them, but rather to dispute against them: for as we have before said, He doth not wholly depart from Israel, till on being delivered up to death, it is clear that He deservedly did so.

But as to His saying that He would not go up, and afterwards not refusing to go up, you will find the type of it fulfilled long ago in the book called Exodus. For the Divine and most holy Moses was making long stay in the Mount with God, awaiting the law that was to be given by Him. And Israel disregardful of piety towards God, was making a calf in the wilderness. But the Law-giver is justly angered at these things, and having cried out against the lightness of those who so readily turned aside to what they ought not, and having threatened to utterly destroy them at once, at last He says to the holy Moses, Depart and go up hence, Thou and thy people which thou broughtest forth out of Egypt unto the land which I sware to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, saying, Unto your seed will I give it: and I will send an angel before thee. Then Moses says to Him, If Thyself go not with me, bring me not up hence, and how shall it be truly known that I have found grace in Thy Sight, I and Thy people, is it not in that Thou goest with us? And the Lord said unto Moses, I will do this thing also that thou hast spoken, for thou foundest grace in My Sight. Seest thou how He, grieved at the apostacy of Israel, affirmed that He would not go up with them into the land of promise, but said that He would send an Angel, yet out of respect to Moses and the remembrance of their fathers, He granted them pardon and promised again to go with them.

Having then said that He would not feast with the Jews as being haughty and violent, as dishonouring God by their denial of Him, as these did by making the calf, yet being very slow to anger towards the offences of those who grieve Him, and rather fulfilling His Promise to the holy fathers, He goes up to teach and to set before them the doctrines of salvation, not committing such a ministry to an Angel, just as He did not then, but rather being Himself the worker even for the salvation of the unthankful.  

11 The Jews therefore were seeking Him at the feast, and said, Where is that Man?

The Jews seek Jesus, not that they may believe on Him when they have found Him (for surely would He preventing their search, have offered Himself, according as it is said of Him, I was found of them that sought Me not, I was made manifest unto them that asked not after Me) but of their exceeding transgression falling into the vain toil of the Greeks, and emulous of their habits rather than of those things whereby it was like that they should be enlightened by the grace from above. For those of the Greeks who seem to be wise, filled with worldly and devilish wisdom, expend long and subtle discourses, and revolve cycles of vain propositions, and weaving the spider's web, as it is written, make feint to investigate what is the nature of truth or goodness or justice, and, moulding to themselves a shadow only of the true knowledge, abide wholly untasting of the virtue that is in deeds, and remaining destitute of the true wisdom which is from above, make their exercises about words alone to no profit. The Jews again, brothers and neighbours of their unlearning, seek for Jesus, not that they may believe on Him when they have found Him, as the nature of things proved, but that they hitting Him with their many revilings, might bring the fire unquenchable upon their own heads. And in another respect we shall suppose they made most idle search. For they only pretend to seek Him, because He is not present. For (says one) 'the Wonder-worker ought to be present with the feasters,' seeking rather pleasure in the enjoyment of it, and not at all the profit from the marvel; but wrapped round in conceit of knowledge of the law, and thinking that they were to no slight degree instructed in the sacred writings, they are unmindful of the Prophet's voice thus speaking, Seek ye God, and in finding Him call upon Him; when He shall draw nigh you, let the wicked man forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his counsel, and let him return unto the Lord, and He will have mercy. Seest thou how it will not suffice unto salvation to seek only, but when we have found, to turn to also, i. e., by obedience and faith? So might the foolish and refractory people of the Jews have been saved: but since in this too they are found exceedingly unwise, they will at length with reason hear, How do ye say, We are wise, and the Law of the Lord is with us? in vain to the scribes was their lying pen. The wise men were ashamed, dismayed, taken: what wisdom is in them? because theyrejected the Word of the Lord? For how did they not reject It, who received It not? how did they not despise It, who in boorish wise refused not to say of It, Where is That Man? For the expression That Man, belongs to the abandoned, and them who no longer deem fit to wonder at Him, although from His so marvellous working, they ought to have had the most exalted conception of Him.

12 And there was much murmuring of the people concerning Him. Some said, He is good, others said, Nay, but He deceiveth the people.

Ever hard of attainment and difficult of acquirement is goodness, and the power of tracking the beauty of truth is hard of accomplishment to the many, specially the more unlearned and those who have no acuteness of understanding, who from most foolish swayings of thoughts without understanding turn aside to what seems to them easier, and not enduring to prove the nature of whatever offers itself, will never attain to the true quality of things, albeit Paul says, Be ye approved bankers, and persuades us to prove all things, so as by accurate investigation to arrive at the attainment of what is profitable. Let them hear then, who of their exceeding folly marvel not at Jesus but think that it is fit to condemn Him without enquiry, Taste and see that the Lord is good. For as they who prove choice honey by the taste, and from the merest taste perceive what they are in search of, so they who make even a little trial of the words of the Saviour, will acknowledge that He is good, and will marvel in learning it. The wiser then among the Jews plead Christ's cause, and give right judgment concerning Him, consenting to Him as Good, considering (as is like) this above all, that it would not be possible for one to accomplish the things which God evidently works, unless He were by Nature God, or partaker of God, and therefore Good, to Whom would befit the approval of all, and to be instrengthened with grace from above, even though this were not so in Christ, for Christ is Himself the Lord of powers. But they wade in most absurd imaginations, and go astray far from the truth, who shrink not from calling Him a deceiver, who directs unto the unerring path of righteousness. Let the foolish Jew then hear, Woe unto them that call evil good and good evil, that put darkness for light and light for darkness. For along with approving wickedness, ranks the finding fault with good, and keeping back from evil its most deserved reproof, and casting upon them that are ranged on the side of good the blame which is no wise due unto them. But the charges against them for these their revilings were foretold also, for Woe (He says) unto them, for they swerved from Me, wretched are they because they transgressed against Me: I redeemed them, They spake lies against Me.

13 Howbeit no man was speaking openly of Him for fear of the Jews.

There was murmuring among the Jews, and for fear of the Jews, he says that no man could speak openly. The Divine Evangelist then is calling the rulers of the Jews emphatically Jews, not deigning (as seems to me) to call them elders or priests, or the like, kindled with pious jealousy unto grief to themward, whom with reason does God accuse of destroying His spiritual vineyard, saying in the prophets, Many pastors destroyed My vineyard, they defiled My portion, they gave My longed-for portion for an impassable wilderness, it hath become a vanishing of perdition. For how shall we not suppose that the Lord's vineyard hath in truth been destroyed by their abominations, when they shewed that even to agree with the good, and only to marvel at that which is worthy of marvel is hazardous? But that this too works a sorer punishment for the rulers of the Jews and the rest of them, what wise man will doubt? Lo, for lo, the whole people fear and tremble before them, yet are not instructed in the law, nor yet taught to live in a fitting manner, although very zealously subjected to their injunctions. For fear is a proof of the very highest subjection. They were compelled then to transgress rather than wisely to look into the purpose of the Law-giver, and (in that they dare not so much as praise what is good) to give by no means a voluntary, but a constrained, judgment of evil against whosoever the others choose, and to condemn as base, Him That is worthy of praise and admiration. Just as a man therefore who has good skill in sea-faring matters, and sits at the ship's helm, and having her at his command dashes her against the rocks, would be himself held guilty of the wreck: or as if one accustomed to drive, were borne along by swiftest ponies, and being able by the checks of the reins to hold their easily-directed flight whithersoever he would, were to dash the wheels against a stone, not to the ponies would he reasonably attach the blame of the misfortune, but rather to himself:----in like manner, I deem, the rulers of the Jews, having the people of the Jews not only honouring them, but even serving them by fear as well, if they manage them contrary to Divine Commands, shall justly themselves incur responsibility for the loss of all. But that themselves were the cause of the perdition of the people, the prophet Jeremiah will testify, saying, For the pastors became brutish,, and sought not out the Lord: therefore the whole flock understood not and were scattered.

14 When it was now mid-feast Jesus went up into the temple and began teaching.

Temple-befitting is the teaching of our Saviour: for where else should we rather hear the Divine Voice, save in the places where the Divinity is believed to dwell? For God tendeth all things, and will not be conceived of as circumscribed by space, in respect of His Own Nature, but is wholly uncontained by things that are, yet is it more meet that we should suppose that He dwells in the holy places, and we most reasonably deem that the will of the Divine Nature will specially be heard by us in sacred places. But what again was pictured to them of old in type and shadow this now Christ transforms into truth: for God says to the hierophant Moses, And thou shalt set the mercy seat above upon the ark; and in the ark thou shalt put the testimonies that I shall give thee; and there will I be known to thee, and I will commune with thee from above the mercy seat,from between the two cherubim which are upon the ark of the testimony, in respect of all things which I shall command thee unto the children of Israel. But our Lord Jesus Christ, when it was now the middle of the feast, as it is written, having entered as God into the holy places dedicate unto God, there speaks to the multitudes, although He went up in secret. As therefore upon the mercy seat in the tabernacle, God's descent was secret, and then scarcely perceived, when the time for His speaking was come, and to one then also, to the blessed Moses, did God talk, speaking to none other:----so did Christ too instruct the one race of the Jews; and converse with one people, having not yet unfolded His grace as common to the Gentiles. And exceeding well does the blessed Evangelist say, not simply, Entered, but Went up into, the temple. For a high thing, and very far surpassing our grovelling baseness, was His entry into the Divine school, and sojourn in the holy places. But the type of the act is true as to us. For it was Christ who sanctifieth the temple, and of this Moses of old was a type anointing the tabernacle with the hallowed oil, and sanctifying it, as it is written: albeit it needed rather that man should be sanctified by the holy places, than sanctify them: but there is no account taken of things done in a type for the truth's sake, for the sake of which the things in shadows were moulded, as one may see in the holy Prophets also. For one was commanded against his will to go in unto an harlot, another to walk naked, yea, also to lie upon his right side for many days. These things were performed for the sake of their meanings, and not surely for their own sakes. Thus then, the blessed Moses too was bidden to sanctify the tabernacle, albeit he needed rather to receive sanctification from it, that Christ again may be understood in him, sanctifying His Own Temple, although He lived with flesh among the Jews, and in it spake to the multitude, as did God of old from the mercy seat.

15 The Jews therefore were marvelling, saying, How knoweth This Man letters, having not learned?

Not unreasonable is the wonder of the Jews, but there is something subtle in their argument. For it was likely that they would be astonished at seeing Him strangely excel both in word and knowledge, Who could not have been rich from instruction. For the mind of man is recipient of wisdom, and even though one do not as yet seem wise, yet is his nature exceedingly well adapted to the attainment of wisdom and knowledge on some subjects. But in the case of those who are not well exercised in learning, the natural advantage gets somehow stopped up and dulled; in that of those who are accustomed to go through such toils, and to revel in literary exercises, it is very clear, and apt for good practice, and is found to have no mean store of letters and wise contrivances. The Jews then are astonished, giving heed to the Saviour Christ, not yet as being by nature God, but still as a mere Man, and they marvel that He abounds in wisdom, not having the provider hereof, i. e., practise in reading, for that He knows letters untaught. This too then with the rest is a charge of Jewish folly: for it should have seemed nothing wonderful to them, that Wisdom, the Artificer of all things, that is, the Only-Begotten Word of God, Which was among them lying hid in the form of a Man, should not need letters.

This again must be observed for our profit. For above when they were seeking for Jesus they say, Where is That Man? (as though they knew Him by His miracles alone: not yet knowing accurately, Who, or of Whom, or whence He was) but here not as though ignorant of ought respecting Him, but as knowing all things clearly, they say that He also knoweth letters not having learned. The more obscure enquiry therefore respecting Him of the common people and of those who had no accurate knowledge of Him, uttered Where is That man contemptuously, that of those who knew Him the other. More severe punishment then shall they undergo who were not ignorant than they who were: for to the one their ignorance is an excuse, to the other their knowledge condemnation. Therefore is it said that to some it is better not to have known the way of truth. For in knowledge there is greater punishment, because men are lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God. Jesus then, according to the difficulty of the Jews, knew letters, having not learned, Moses was learned (as it is written) in all the wisdom of the Egyptians: yet as knowing nothing at all, albeit exceeding wise among those, was he instructed unto better knowledge by the oracles from God, the wisdom of the world being convicted as feeble, through the Diviner and more excellent, in which or through which we are instructed in the things of Christ, receiving the understanding which is truly from above and from God. Christ then is the in all things perfectly Good, the one of all things both Wisdom and Understanding, in respect whereof He has the excellency not by teaching, but innate. And verily the Prophet Isaiah saith of Him, that before the Child shall know good or evil, He shall refuse evil to choose good. And let us not foolishly suppose, that the Divine and Heavenly Offspring, in discernment of reasonings or by the choice of the better turneth away from evil, and applies Itself rather to good: but as if one should say of fire, that it refuses cold; its not admitting the being cold does not indicate choice of wills in it, but rather most steady adherence of nature to what is its own, so is it in respect of Christ. For all good things are in God of Nature, and are not introduced from without; and so wisdom too was in Him, yea rather, Himself is properly and specially the Fount of wisdom, through which He gives wisdom in part to those in participation thereof, both Heavenly and earthly reasonable beings.

16 Jesus answered them and said, My doctrine is not Mine, but His That sent Me.

We shall find that indeed true that is written by one of the wise men, The Spirit of the Lord hath filled the world, and the ear of hearingheareth all things. But to those who of utter folly, yea rather of blasphemy, suppose that ought they utter will escape the Divine Mind, the Godlike Psalmist says, Understand, ye brutish among the people, and ye fools, when will ye be wise? He that planted the ear, heareth He not? for how could it possibly happen that He should not surely hear all things, who implanteth the sense of hearing into them that were made by Him?

See therefore in this too again that the Lord is by Nature God. For the secret whispers of the Jews in the crowd He is not ignorant of; He receives them into His Ears in God-befitting way, albeit from fear of the rulers they say nothing openly concerning Him. And when on one occasion certain of those who had rushed together into the temple, marvelled and were reasoning (as is like) or gently saying one to another, How knoweth This Man letters not having learned? needs does He again shew Himself Equal to God the Father Who learneth nothing at all, but hath the knowledge of all things by Nature and without learning, because He surpasseth all understanding and soareth above all wisdom that is in things that are. It was then possible for Him from other things too, to shew and to assure His hearers, that whatsoever things are in the Father, these also are in Him, by reason of Identity of Nature: which thing also He used to do in other things also, from being able to do the same things and having like Operation unto all things, mounting up unto Equal Dignity: for what things soever the Father doeth, these (He saith) doth the Son too likewise, and again, For as the Father raiseth up the dead and quickeneth them, so the Son too quickeneth whom He will.

But here it was (I suppose) seasonable and most suitable, to make a demonstration of the most necessary points. For His discourse about wisdom and learning without letters was made with those who had been considering these things. It behoved Him then to shew that this existed in Him, just as in the Father. What then is the mode of proof? From His having Equality of wisdom with Him, even though according to true and wise reasoning, He most surely is Himself Wisdom and of God the Father, to Whom in all things like, He says He teaches the same things with Him, without any distinction. For either on account of the exact likeness of His doctrine to that of the Father, does He say that it is the Father's, or because He is Himself the Wisdom of the Father, through Which He speaketh and ordereth all things, does He say that the doctrine too is His: yet something else besides doth He dispense, contributing not slightly to the salvation of His pupils. For since they seeing a Man, on account of the flesh which was of earth received not the word as being of God, and therefore seemed to be sick of a plausible unbelief, profitably doth He attribute the teaching to God the Father, yet saying what was true, and from fear of their being fighters against God, if they held out any longer against the decrees from above, persuading them to receive His words.

But we must know that by His saying again that He was sent, He does not shew that He is second in Dignity to the Father. For we must not imagine a mission befitting a servant, even though because clad in servant's form He might rightly say even this of Himself. But He was sent as Word from Mind, as the Sun's radiance from itself. For these I suppose are processions from those things in which they are, from their appearing to issue forth, yet exist they naturally and immovably in those things whence they are. For we ought not, because word issues forth from mind, and radiance from the sun, therefore at all to suppose that the things which produced are left of those which have gone forth of them, but rather we shall see both those in these, and these again existing in the former. For mind will never be word-less, nor yet word again without the mind fashioned therein. Analogously to this, shall we conceive of the other also.

17 If any man do His Will, he shall know of the doctrine, whether it be of God or whether I am speaking of Myself.

We ought uncritically and without all doubt to receive the words of the Truth, and to believe that a thing once said, cannot be otherwise than as it was declared to be. But He permits not His saying to be without proof, on account of the unbelievers, but introduces a most evident and exceeding clear solution, tempering with much skill the fashion of His words. And what the skill is, what the order of the economy, we will again say. They were seeking to kill Him on account of the paralytic, him (I mean) that was healed on the sabbath day. Gently then does He alike scare them from their dreadful purpose against Him, and clearly does He convict those who are travailing with their blood-thirsty purpose against Him, that they were choosing to fulfil their own lust rather than the will of the Law-giver. For then (saith He) shall ye know perfectly of My doctrine, that it is of God the Father, when ye shall choose to follow His Will rather than your own. But the Will of the Law-giver and of God, is to abstain wholly from murder. Then, then (He saith) shall ye, not holden beforehand by unjust hatred, nor thrust forth in brutish guise to no seasonable anger, know clearly, whether the word of My teaching is of God, or whether I am speaking of Myself. Having therefore interwoven reproof with profit, He with justice accuses them, for that they unreasonably mock at what He teaches, though God the Father consenteth and co-willeth, or what also is true, co-teacheth and co-interpreteth. But He puts Of Myself, for, Privately and wholly severed from being after the Co-Will and Purpose of the Father. And I do not suppose any person of sound mind will think that He accuses His own words of being spurious, but says that they will never be otherwise than in accordance with the Will of God the Father. For He speaks by His own Word and Wisdom, His Own Offspring; but That speaks not at all diversely from Himself, for how could It?

18 He that speaketh of himself seeketh his own glory. 

He giveth this evident proof that He doth not labour for His Own glory by His teaching, that He does not use any strange words and foreign to the law (for this were to speak of Himself), but that He is exhorting them rather to be obedient to the former oracles, while He removes only the unprofitable and gross shadow of the letter, and transforms it persuasively unto the spiritual sense, which already lay hid in types. What then He says in the Gospel according unto Matthew, I came not to destroy the Law, but to fulfil; this again He indirectly intimates here. For the Gospel polity hath but the transformation of the letter into the truth, and having transfashioned the Mosaic type unto what is more fitting, hath the knowledge of the worship in spirit. Christ therefore speaketh and not of Himself, that is, nothing diverse from the things already foretold. For He doth not put away Moses, nor doth He teach us to reject the instruction of the law, but over what had been shadowed out in type, as it were some brighter tint to overlay the Truth. Very skilfully acquiring the good will of the Jews, does He offer the honour and glory to God the Father. For since the Jews knowing not the Word that had appeared from God the Father, were supposing that the Law had been given by the Father only, with reason did He affirm that He was glorified by the keeping of the Law, and endured the contrary if it were not kept as it ought. But even though the Son is partaker of the glory of the Father, and through Him had God the Father spoken to Moses, He yet assents to their opinions economically. But in that He speaks nothing of Himself that does not agree with the law, He confesses that not surely His own glory is it that He is zealous to build up, but that due to the Law.

Besides this, this too must be observed. For indirectly and darkly, He finds fault with the Jews who are falling into those very things which they ignorantly blame, and are accustomed to snatch at glory for themselves rather than God the Lord of all: and how, I will tell. For they falling away from the commandments of the law, were borne each to what liketh him, teaching, as it is written, for doctrines the commandments of men. For this again well does Christ convict them as transgressors, and as sinning against the very Law-giver, in that they persuaded their hearers not to live after His ordinances, but rather to give heed to their doctrines. Therefore, albeit Christ says still indefinitely and absolutely, He that speaketh of himself seeketh his own glory, He is reproving the disease of the madness of the Pharisees, in that through their chusing to speak rather their own words, they are stealing the glory of the Lawgiver, and transferring to themselves the things due to God, they thence shun not at length to seek to kill Him. On which account specially convicts He them of transgressing, excusing themselves duly under the pretence that ^: they were zealous to keep the law, and thereby honour God the Father.

But he that seeketh (saith He) His Glory That sent Him, This one is true, and no unrighteousness is in Him. As he who doth not seek rather the honour of God but his own, is not true, but most exceedingly unjust: for he is not true, seeing he slandereth the Law, and bringeth in his own will in its place; most unjust too, in that he thrusteth aside the righteous judgment of the Lawgiver, and putteth his own above his Lord's. Righteous then and true is Christ, obnoxious to none of the aforesaid charges.

19 Hath not Moses given you the law, and no one of you keepeth the law? why are ye seeking to kill Me?

By many devices cometh about the discourse of the Saviour to one aim. For having in the preceding, indirectly blamed (as was meet) the Pharisees who supposed that they ought not to obey the commands from above, but to introduce their own opinions, and were zealous rather to gain honour from those under them, and did not offer it to the Lord of all, but diverted it to their own persons, that thence they were daring to transgress more freely:----He again, in other and severest wise, prepares for them open at length and unveiled reproof. For He being condemned for breach of the sabbath, and enduring the most unjust accusation of lawlessness for this, convicted them not of individually transgressing the law, but that the whole nation of the Jews had made the law of Moses of no account. For tell Me (He saith) ye who condemn the man who is zealous to shew mercy on the sabbath day, who have passed foullest censure upon those who do well, and freely condemn the compassionate, hath not the commandment not to murder been delivered you by Moses, whom ye admire? did ye not hear him say, The innocent and righteous slay thou not? why then do ye grieve even your own Moses, by so readily transgressing the Law that was appointed through him? An argument and clear proof of this, is that ye persecute Me who have done no wrong, and are unjustly eager to slay Him who can never be accused of that whereby He should suffer this.

Very pointed then is the Saviour's discourse and most severely herein does He attack the mad folly of the Jews, and shew that they who fall as it were with unbridled course unto condemning Him for His transgression of the sabbath, shew themselves transgressors, and chusers of murder, and for this cause alone fall into the worst of all sins. He all but cries aloud, The paralytic who had fallen into a bitter and incurable complaint, and who was spent with weakness at length intolerable, I have healed on the sabbath day: but for My well-doing, I am condemned as though I had been taken in the worst of crimes, and for this ye determined murder against Me. What manner of punishment then (He says) shall be devised for you commensurate with such monstrous deeds? for lo, yourselves too are transgressing the law; but the mode of your transgressions, is not of like nature with the charges against Me. For not as well-doers, like Me, are ye persuaded to do this, but with a view to murder, which is worse than all transgression. How then is Moses with you in these things, on whose account I, though a Preserver, am condemned? did not he appoint you the law concerning this? do not ye again, while trampling on My Word, ignore its transgression, by devising murder unjustly? Such things then might Christ well say to the ungodly Pharisees. But He abstracts the Law for the present from His Own Person, although He is Himself the Lawgiver, and attributes it as it were to the Father Alone, by Him specially shaming into silence the shameless Jews, among whom He was considered greater than He. For, as we have often said, they did not yet acknowledge that He is God by Nature, nor did they yet know the deep mystery of the economy with Flesh, but admired rather the glory of Moses.

20, 21 The people answered, Thou hast a devil; who is seeking to kill thee? Jesus answered and said unto them

They feel the charges, and hit by the bitter words thence proceeding, they betake themselves to denial, not actually repudiating their murderous design, but only with all diligence putting from them the appearance of breaking the Law, the boast of the Pharisees in appearance only. Therefore was Christ wont to call them whited sepulchres also, outwardly clad in the beauty of the ingenuity of art, but within full of the uncleanness of the dead. But I suppose that they say these things to take away fear as to His expecting to suffer anything, not truly giving Him an assurance that He will not suffer, but drawing Him forth unto a hazardous confidence, and thinking to persuade Him not to be zealous to be hid from them. For then it would be no hard matter to plot against Him, at least as they supposed. For they ignorantly deemed, not knowing Him That was persecuted, that He would be obnoxious to their perverseness, even though He willed not to suffer, and would be caught, like one of those who knew not the thought that lay hid in their minds. The fruit then of their stubbornness is their denial, and another kind of blasphemy against Christ. For by what things they endeavour to repel His words, as untrue, they condemn Him as a Liar, adding iniquity to their iniquity, as it is written.

One work I did, and do ye all marvel?

We will read the verse, as a question, with a comma, and a full stop. But we will not be ignorant of the subtle meaning of the word, replete with a most wise economy. For observe how on relating to the Jews His Loving-kindness to the impotent man, He does not say unguardedly, I have healed the man on the sabbath day, and do ye therefore marvel? but more cautiously and far more heedfully, He says, One work I did, soothing the unseasonable anger of the multitude; for it was not unlikely, that they, cut by the transgression against the sabbath, would even now attempt to stone Jesus. For indiscreet of counsel, according to the Greek poets, and prone to anger is ever the multitude, both applying gentlest accord to whatsoever it is minded to, and easily excited like a bull unto intolerable daring, it is caught more apt than it ought in daring undertakings to dreadful ends. Having therefore put away all boast for their profit's sake, He makes use of the gentlest words and with exceeding moderation He says, One work I did, and do ye all marvel? On account of this one work (He says) although it was wrought for the salvation and life of the prostrate, do ye condemn the mighty Worker thereof, as though for offences truly heinous, and looking only to the honour of the Sabbath, accord not wonder to the miracle? (for this indeed would have been more fitting) but because the commandment of the law has been broken according to your foolish imagination, for no slight or worthless reasons, but for the salvation and life of a man, ye are unreasonably angry, when ye ought rather to praise Him Who is clad with so great and God-befitting power. Untutored then by these things also are the people of the Jews proved to be, expending undue astonishment upon the man that was healed, and not rather offering it to Christ Who miraculously preserveth.

But we must know, that He, in addressing them of Israel and saying, One work I did, and do ye all marvel? again indirectly reproves and makes known something of this kind. For on account of this one (according to you) offence of Mine (He says) ye marvel at My purpose, as though I were bold to thrust aside the Lawgiver: then how deem ye that God feels towards you, who not once merely offend against the Law, but make nothing of transgressing it, in matters for which ye judge others?  

22 Therefore hath Moses given you circumcision (not because it is of Moses, but of the fathers) and ye on the sabbath-day circumcise a man.

Of deep meaning is the word, and hard to be reached the purpose of the text, but it will be manifest through the grace of Him That illuminateth. Defeating then by many words the uninstructedness of the Jews, and manifoldly teaching them that they ought not to go off to unseasonable wrath on account of the breach of the sabbath, by reason the Son of man is Lord of the Sabbath day: but having at length attained no good effect by reason of the ill-counsel of the hearers, He passes on to another mode of economy, and endeavours to shew clearly that the hierophant Moses himself, the minister of the Law, brake the Law of the sabbath on account of the circumcision, which had extended from the custom of the fathers even unto his own times, that he too might with reason be shewn to be an observer of the custom of the fathers, and since God works on the sabbath, therefore He revealing Himself too as a worker holds that it is in no wise a transgression of the sabbath, by reason of His being ever like minded with the Father. Wherefore He also said, My Father worketh hitherto and I work. In order then (He saith) that ye, beholding Me working on the sabbath day, may not marvel as at some strange and most monstrous thing, Moses hath given you circumcision on the sabbath, and he was beforehand in breaking the Law respecting it. And why? He did not think he should be doing right, in dishonouring the Law given to the Fathers, and their custom, on account of the sabbath day. Therefore a man is circumcised on the sabbath day too. But if Moses considered that he ought to honour the custom of the fathers, and made that superior to the honour of the sabbath, why are ye vainly troubled at Me, and marvel at Me, as though I were one of those wont heedlessly to transgress the Law, out of contempt for the Law? albeit (He says) I work equally with the Father, and ever agree with Him in every purpose: and since He works on the Sabbath day, well do I refuse to be idle thereon. He says that Moses gave them, circumcision, although it was not of him according to what has been just said, but of the fathers, because the ordinance of circumcision was given to the fathers, but its rites were more definitely and clearly ordered by Moses. For our forefather Abraham was circumcised, but not on the eighth day, nor was a pair of turtle doves or two young pigeons offered for him, in accordance with the rites of Moses.  

ΚΕΦΑΛΗ Ε. Περὶ τῆς ἑορτῆς τῆς σκηνοπηγίας, ὅτι τῆς ὀφειλομένης τοῖς ἁγίοις ἐλπίδος τὴν ἀποκατάστασιν δηλοῖ, καὶ τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναβίωσιν: προκειμένου ῥητοῦ Ἦν δὲ ἐγγὺς ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἡ σκηνο πηγία.
« Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα περιεπάτει ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ: οὐ γὰρ ἤθελεν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ περιπατεῖν, ὅτι ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν Ἰουδαῖοι ἀποκτεῖναι. » ΜΕΤΑ ταῦτα, φησὶ, τὰ εἰρημένα τε καὶ πεπραγμένα, πάλιν ἐποιεῖτο τὰς διατριβὰς ἀσμενέστερον ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ Χριστός: τοῦτο γὰρ οἶμαι τὸ περιεπάτει δηλοῦν: ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐθελούσιον αὐτῷ τὸ παρ' ἐκείνοις εἶναι, μᾶλλον δὲ ὡς ἐξ ἀνάγκης συμβαῖνον ἐπιδεικνύει προστεθεικὼς τὰς αἰτίας. ἤθελον γὰρ, φησὶν, αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι Ἰουδαῖοι: διὰ τοῦτο τοῖς ἀλλογενέσι καὶ εἰς μακροὺς ἑαυτὸν ἐχαρίζετο χρόνους, τὸ ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ περιπατεῖν παραιτούμενος. ἀλλ' οἶμαι πάλιν οὐδὲν ἧττον διὰ τούτων ἐπὶ πολλῇ λίαν δυστροπίᾳ κατηγορεῖσθαι τὸν Ἰσραὴλ, εἴ γε τοῦ διαιτᾶσθαι παρ' αὐτῷ πολύ τι κρεῖττον ἐφαίνετο τὸ παρὰ τοῖς ἐξ ἐθνῶν εὑρίσκεσθαι μᾶλλον: ἦν δὲ ἄρα τουτὶ τὸ διὰ τοῦ προφήτου πεφωνημένον Ἱερεμίου ” Ἐγκαταλέλοιπα τὸν οἶκόν μου, ἀφῆκα τὴν κλη“ρονομίαν μου, ἔδωκα τὴν ἠγαπημένην ψυχήν μου εἰς ” χεῖρας ἐχθρῶν αὐτῆς:“ τὸ γὰρ ἔξοικον μὲν διὰ τὴν τῶν διωκόντων ἀνοσιότητα γενέσθαι Χριστὸν, μεταφοιτῆσαι δὲ παρὰ τοῖς Γαλιλαίοις, πῶς οὐκ ἔστι διαῤῥήδην ἐπιδοῦναι τὴν οἰκείαν ψυχὴν εἰς χεῖρας ἐχθρῶν αὐτῆς; ἐχθρὰ γὰρ τὰ ἔθνη Χριστοῦ, κατά γε τὸ δουλεύειν ἑτέρῳ, καὶ προσκυνεῖν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα, διὰ τὸ μήπω τὴν εἰς αὐτὸν παραδέξασθαι πίστιν. καὶ τοῦτο σαφῶς διδάξει λέγων αὐτός ” Ὁ μὴ ὢν μετ' ἐμοῦ κατ' ἐμοῦ ἐστιν.“ ἀλλ' οἶμαι δὴ πᾶς τις ἐρεῖ πρὸ τῆς ἀληθοῦς θεογνωσίας καὶ πίστεως οὐκ εἶναι τὰ ἔθνη μετὰ Χριστοῦ: ἦν οὖν ἄρα κατ' αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐν τῇ τῶν ἐχθρῶν τάξει διὰ τοῦτο κείμενα: οὕτω δὲ ἔχοντος τούτου, καὶ σαφῶς διεγνωσμένου, τοσαύτη τις παρὰ τοῖς ἐξ Ἰσραὴλ μυσαρότης ἐπολιτεύετο, ὡς ἐν μοίρᾳ κεῖσθαι τῇ ἀμείνονι, τὸ παρ' ἐχθροῖς ὁρᾶσθαι φοιτῶντα, καὶ μεθ' ὧν ἥκιστα χρῆν ἥδιον ποιεῖσθαι τὰς διατριβὰς, ἢ ὅπερ ἦν μᾶλλον ἀκόλουθόν τε καὶ πρεπωδέστερον παρὰ τοῖς συγγενέσι κατὰ τὴν σάρκα: καὶ ὅσον εἰς τοῦτο καὶ ἀγαπᾶν ὀφείλουσιν. εὐλογώτατα τοίνυν ἐπὶ τὰ ἔθνη μεθίστη Χριστὸς, καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ τρόπον τινὰ τοῦ πράγματος ἤδη λέγων, ὡς, εἰ μὴ τοῦ διώκειν ἀπόσχοιντο, καὶ παραλύειν ταῖς ἀπονοίαις τὸν εὐεργέτην, ὁλοκλήρως ἑαυτὸν τοῖς ἔξωθεν χαριεῖται, καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ ἔθνη μεταστήσει Χριστός. ὥσπερ δὲ τοῦτό φαμεν ὑπεμφαίνειν αὐτὸν διὰ τοῦδε τοῦ πράγματος, οὕτω πάλιν εὑρήσομεν καὶ διὰ σχήματος ἀρχαιοτέρου τὴν ἐκ τῆς Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἀποδρομὴν ἀπειλήσαντα. Ὅτε τοίνυν τοὺς περὶ τῶν θυσιῶν διωρίζετο νόμους, καθὰ καὶ ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ γέγραπται τῷ Λευιτικῷ, προδιατυπώσας, ὡς ἐν εἰκόνι Χριστοῦ, προσάγεσθαι μόσχον εἰς τὸ δῶρον καὶ ὁλοκαύτωμα τῷ Κυρίῳ: καὶ πάλιν ἑτέρως αὐτὸν σχηματίζει λέγων ” Ἐὰν δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων τὸ δῶρον αὐτοῦ τῷ “Κυρίῳ, ἀπό τε τῶν ἀρνῶν καὶ τῶν ἐρίφων εἰς ὁλοκαύτωμα, ” ἄρσεν ἄμωμον προσάξει αὐτὸ, καὶ ἐπιθήσει τὴν χεῖρα ἐπὶ “τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ, καὶ σφάξουσιν αὐτὸ ἐκ πλαγίων τοῦ ” θυσιαστηρίου πρὸς βοῤῥᾶν ἔναντι Κυρίου.“ πῶς οὖν ἄρα καὶ διὰ τούτων ἡμῖν τὸ ἐπὶ Χριστοῦ μορφοῦται μυστήριον, ἀναγκαίως ἐρευνητέον. πρῶτον δὲ οἶμαι προσήκειν αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις, καὶ τοῦ θείου θυσιαστηρίου τὴν θέσιν εἰπεῖν, ἵνα οὕτω νοῶμεν, ὅ τι ποτὲ ἄρα δηλοῖ, τὸ μὴ κατ' εὐθὺ τῶν εἰρημένων ὁρᾶν, τετράφθαι δὲ μᾶλλον πρὸς βοῤῥᾶν τὸ πρόβατον. κεῖται τοιγαροῦν ἐν μὲν τοῖς νοτιωτέροις τῆς γῆς μέρεσι τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἡ χώρα, βλέπει δὲ εἰς ἑῴαν ὁ νεὼς, καὶ ταῖς πρώταις τοῦ ἡλίου βολαῖς ἀνοίγει τὰς θύρας: ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ θεῖον θυσιαστήριον, κατευθὺ τῶν ἁγίων ἐρηρεισμένον, ὥσπερ ἐν ὄψει Θεοῦ, τοῖς ἐξ ἑῴας εἰσβάλλουσι τὸ πρῶτον ἐδίδου μέτωπον, τῶν δύο πλαγίων τοῦ μὲν ὁρῶντος εἰς νότον, τοῦ δὲ ἐπὶ βοῤῥᾶν: ὅτι δὲ ταῦθ' οὕτως ἔχει, καθάπερ εἰρήκαμεν, πληροφορηθήσῃ μαθὼν τὸ παρὰ τῷ προφήτῃ Ἰεζεκιὴλ κείμενον. ὅτε γὰρ δὴ τὰ περὶ τῆς τοῦ Φαλτίου τελευτῆς ἐδιδάσκετο, διὰ θεωρίας δὲ δηλονότι πνευματικῆς, οὕτω φησί ” Καὶ εἶδον καὶ ἰδοὺ ὡς “εἰκοσικαιπέντε ἄνδρες, τὰ ὀπίσθια αὐτῶν πρὸς τὸν ναὸν ” Κυρίου καὶ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν ἀπέναντι: καὶ οὗτοι προσ“εκύνουν κατὰ ἀνατολὰς τῷ ἡλίῳ.” εἰ δὲ ἀνίσχοντι τῷ ἡλίῳ προσκυνῶν ὀπισθομερῆ τις τὸν ναὸν ἐτίθει τοῦ ἰδίου σώματος, πῶς οὐκ ἀνάγκη νοεῖν εἰς ἀνατολὰς τετράφθαι τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ; κατὰ τοῦτο δὲ ἦν τὸ σχῆμα καὶ τὸ θεῖον αὐτὸ θυσιαστήριον, καθάπερ εἰρήκαμεν. οὐκοῦν αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ τοῦ θείου θυσιαστηρίου μέτωπον μὲν ἦν τὸ προσβάσιμον εἰς ἀνατολάς: πλάγια δὲ δύο, τὸ μὲν εἰς νότον, θάτερον δὲ πρὸς βοῤῥᾶν, τοῦ ἑτέρου δηλονότι καὶ λείποντος, ὃ δὴ νοεῖταί πως καὶ ὀπισθοφανὲς τοῖς τῆς ἑσπέρας ἐνορῶντος μέρεσιν: οὕτω τοιγαροῦν ἐχόντων ἡμῖν τῶν εἰρημένων, πρὸς αὐτῷ κειμένην εὑρήσομεν τῷ βοῤῥᾷ τὴν τῆς Ἰουδαίων γείτονα Γαλιλαίαν, τουτέστι, τὴν τῶν ἐθνῶν χώραν, κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον “Γαλιλαία τῶν ἐθνῶν.” ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἔμελλεν ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς ὁ Χριστὸς μετὰ τὸ σωτήριον πάθος τῆς μὲν τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἀπανίστασθαι χώρας, ἀφικέσθαι δὲ εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, τουτέστι, πρὸς τὴν ἐξ ἐθνῶν Ἐκκλησίαν, ἐκ πλαγίων ἐσφάζετο τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου τὸ ἐν τύπῳ ληφθὲν εἰς θυσίαν πρόβατον, ἵνα ὑποβλέψῃ πρὸς βοῤῥᾶν, κατ' ἐκεῖνο τὸ εἰρημένον ὑπὸ τοῦ ψαλμῳδοῦ περὶ Χριστοῦ “Οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὰ ἔθνη ἐπιβλέπουσιν.” Ἐπειδὴ δὲ καὶ παραιτεῖσθαί φησιν ὁ μακάριος Εὐαγγελιστὴς τὸ συνεῖναι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις αὐτὸν, ἐπείπερ αὐτὸν ἀνελεῖν ἐβουλεύοντο, τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἐκεῖνο προσθήσομεν, ὡς οὐ δειλίας ἔγκλημα τὴν ἀναχώρησιν λογιούμεθα τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἀσθενείας διὰ τοῦτο κατηγορήσομεν τοῦ πάντα ἰσχύοντος, τὸν δὲ τῆς οἰκονομίας ἀποδεξόμεθα τρόπον: ἔδει γὰρ οὐ πρόωρον, ἀλλ' ἐν καιρῷ τῷ ἰδίῳ τὸν ὑπὲρ πάντων ὑπομεῖναι σταυρόν.
« Εἶπον οὖν πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ Μετάβηθι ἐντεῦθεν καὶ ὕπαγε εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν, ἵνα καὶ οἱ μαθηταί σου θεωρή σωσι τὰ ἔργα ἃ ποιεῖς: οὐδεὶς γάρ τι ἐν κρυπτῷ ποιεῖ καὶ ζητεῖ αὐτὸς ἐν παῤῥησίᾳ εἶναι. εἰ ταῦτα ποιεῖς, φανέρωσον σεαυτὸν τῷ κόσμῳ. οὐδὲ γάρ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ ἐπίστευον εἰς αὐτόν. » Οὔπω τὸν ἐνοικήσαντα τῇ ἁγίᾳ σαρκὶ Θεὸν Λόγον ἐπιγινώσκοντες οἱ νομισθέντες τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἀδελφοὶ, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ εἰδότες κατ' ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ, καθ' ὃν τὰ τοιαῦτά φασιν, ὅτι γέγονεν ἄνθρωπος, μικρὰς ἔτι τὰς διαλήψεις ἔχουσι περὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ πολὺ μετριώτερα τῆς ἐνούσης αὐτῷ χάριτός τε καὶ ὑπεροχῆς φαντάζονται, πλέον μὲν τῶν ἄλλων ὁρῶντες οὐδὲν, ταῖς δὲ κοιναῖς ἐπ' αὐτῷ διαπαιζόμενοι δόξαις, οἰόμενοί τε κατὰ τὸ ἀληθὲς ἐκ πατρὸς γεγεννῆσθαι καὶ αὐτὸν τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ, καὶ τὴν κεκρυμμένην οὐχ ὁρῶντες τοῦ μυστηρίου κατασκευήν: πολλῶν γὰρ, ὡς εἰκὸς, λεληθότως θαυματουργουμένων παρὰ Χριστοῦ κατὰ τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, κενῆς ἐφίεσθαι δόξης αὐτὸν ἀναπείθουσι, καὶ ὡς μέγα τι χρῆμα τὸ ἐκ τῶν ὁρώντων ἀποδέχεσθαι θαῦμα συμβουλεύουσιν, ὡς τούτου γε ἕνεκα καὶ μόνου τὰς ἐφ' ἑκάστῳ τῶν τελουμένων δυνάμεις ἐνεργεῖν ἐθέλοντος αὐτοῦ, ἵνα δὴ μόνον παρὰ τοῖς ὁρῶσιν ἀξιάγαστος εἶναι δοκῇ, καὶ τοῖς ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἐπαίνοις ἐναβρύνηται, κατά τινας τῶν φιλοδοξεῖν εἰωθότων. ὅρα γὰρ ὅπως ἀναβαίνειν αὐτῷ συμβουλεύουσιν εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν, ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ μᾶλλον τερατουργεῖν, οὐχ ἵνα πιστεύωσιν εἰς αὐτὸν οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ' ἵνα θεωρήσωσι τὰ ἔργα ἃ ποιεῖ. εἰ γὰρ βούλει γινώσκεσθαι, φασί: τοῦτο γὰρ τὸ εἶναι ἐν φανερῷ: μὴ λεληθότως ἔσο μεγαλουργὸς μηδὲ, ἐν τῷ δύνασθαι πάντα δρᾶν ὑπάρχων ἐκπρεπὴς, φεῦγε τὴν παῤῥησίαν: ἔσῃ γὰρ οὕτω τῷ κόσμῳ γνώριμος καὶ ἐν τοῖς ὁρῶσι περιφανέστερος. λόγος μὲν οὖν ὁ παρ' ἐκείνων ἐν τούτοις. ἐπισημαίνεται δὲ χρησίμως ὁ σοφώτατος Εὐαγγελιστὴς, ὡς οὔπω πεπιστεύκεισαν εἰς αὐτὸν οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ: καὶ γὰρ ἦν ὄντως τῶν ἀτοπωτάτων ἐπὶ τοῖς οὕτω ψυχροῖς καταγινώσκεσθαι λόγοις, τοὺς ἤδη διὰ τῆς πίστεως τὴν θεοπρεπῆ περὶ αὐτοῦ λαβόντας ἐπίγνωσιν. ἀλλὰ τότε μὲν οὔπω πεπιστευκότες λαλοῦσι σοφῶς: ἐπειδὴ δὲ πεπιστεύκασι τὸ μέγα περὶ αὐτοῦ συνέντες μυστήριον, εἰς τοῦτο θεοσεβείας τε καὶ ἀρετῆς ἀνατρέχουσιν, ὡς καὶ ἀποστόλους χρηματίσαι, καὶ διαπρεπῆ κτήσασθαι τὴν εὐλάβειαν. ἔχεις καὶ τοῦτο διὰ τῆς τῶν προφητῶν προᾳδόμενον φωνῆς. καὶ γοῦν ὁ μακάριός φησιν Ἱερεμίας, ὡς πρὸς τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν τὸν Χριστόν “Ὅτι καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοί σου καὶ ὁ οἶκος ” τοῦ πατρός σου, καὶ οὗτοι ἠθέτησάν σε, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐβόησαν, “ἐκ τῶν ὀπίσω σου ἐπισυνήχθησαν: μὴ πιστεύσῃς ἐν ” αὐτοῖς, ὅτι λαλήσουσι πρὸς σὲ καλά.“ οἱ γὰρ πρὸ τῆς πίστεως ἀθετήσαντες ἀδελφοὶ, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἀρτίως ἡμῖν εἰρημένων, μονονουχὶ καὶ καταβοᾶν ἐπιχειροῦντες αὐτοῦ, συνήχθησαν διὰ πίστεως, λελαλήκασί τε καλὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ προσωφελοῦντες ἑτέρους, καὶ τοῖς περὶ τῆς πίστεως ἐπαγωνιζόμενοι λόγοις. ἐπαγρύπνως δὲ λίαν ὁ προφήτης ἀδελφοὺς ὀνομάσας, ἐπιφέρει χρησίμως Ὁ οἶκος τοῦ πατρός σου, ἵνα μὴ καὶ αὐτοὶ γεγονότες νοοῖντό πως ἐκ τῆς ἁγίας παρθένου, μᾶλλον δὲ ὡς ἐκ μόνου πατρὸς τοῦ Ἰωσήφ.
« Λέγει οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς Ὁ καιρὸς ὁ ἐμὸς οὔπω πάρεστιν, ὁ δὲ καιρὸς ὁ ὑμέτερος πάντοτέ ἐστιν ἕτοιμος. » Ἐπεσκιασμένος ἀεὶ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ὁ λόγος: οὕτω γὰρ γέγραπται περὶ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ” καὶ ἔσται ὁ ἄνθρωπος κρύπτων “τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῦ.” ὅτι δὲ καὶ τοῦτο χρησίμως ἐπετηδεύετο, τίς τῶν εὖ φρονούντων οὐκ ἐρεῖ; οὔπω τοιγαροῦν παῤῥησίας ἀκράτου καιρὸς, φησὶν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἀναδείξεως τῆς εἰς ἅπαντας ἀπημφιεσμένως οὕτω τῆς Ἰουδαίων διανοίας πεπαινομένης εἰς σύνεσιν, ὡς δίχα θυμοῦ καὶ ὀργῆς τοὺς παρ' ἐμοῦ δύνασθαι χωρῆσαι λόγους: ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὅλως γνωρίζεσθαί με τῷ κόσμῳ νῦν ἐφίησιν ὁ καιρὸς, οὔπω παντελῶς ἀποφοιτώντων τῆς χάριτος Ἰουδαίων, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐμπαροινησάντων εἰς ἐμὲ, ὡς ἤδη χρῆναι λοιπὸν μεθορμίσασθαι πρὸς ἑτέρους. οὔπω τοιγαροῦν διὰ ταῦτα τὸν ἑαυτοῦ φησι παρεῖναι καιρὸν, παρεῖναι δὲ λέγει τὸν ἐκείνων, καὶ ἐν ἑτοίμῳ δὲ κεῖσθαι διὰ παντός: ἐξεῖναι γὰρ τοῖς ἐν κόσμῳ φαμὲν τὸ δοκοῦν ἐπιτελεῖν παραποδίζοντος ἀναγκαίου μηδενὸς, ἢ καὶ εἰς πρόσκαιρον καλοῦντος οἰκονομίαν πρὸς τὸ χρῆναί τι δρᾶν ἢ μὴ συμβουλεύουσαν, ὥσπερ οὖν ἦν ἀμέλει καὶ ἐπὶ Χριστοῦ: ἄλλωστε τῶν τὴν ἐν κόσμῳ ζωὴν ἑλομένων, ἀνειμένη τις ἐστὶν ἡ δίαιτα, καὶ φροντίδος τῆς ἐπιπονωτέρας ἀπηλλαγμένη, προκείμενον ὥσπερ ἀεὶ καὶ ἡπλωμένον εἰσφέρουσα τὸν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἡδίστοις καιρὸν καὶ ἐφ' ὅπερ ἂν βούλωνται βαδίζειν, ἑτοίμως τοῖς αὐτῇ χρωμένοις ἐπιτρέπουσα. Οὐκοῦν τῶν μὲν ἀναγκαίως οἰκονομίαις πραγμάτων ὑποκειμένων, καιρὸς οὐχ ἅπας εἰς τὸ δρᾶν ἃ προσῆκεν ἐπιτήδειος, ἀλλ' ὁ πρέπων ἑκάστῳ τῶν τελουμένων, καὶ ὥσπερ ἂν ἡ τοῦ πράγματος ἀπαιτοίη φύσις: τῷ δὲ ἀπολύτως ἑλομένῳ βιοῦν, ἐπικείσεται μὲν τοιοῦτον οὐδέν: ἑτοιμοτάτη δὲ μᾶλλον καὶ ἀνειμένη παντελῶς, ἡ ἐφ' ὅπερ ἂν ἐθέλωσιν ἰέναι πάροδος.
« Οὐ δύναται ὁ κόσμος μισεῖν ὑμᾶς, ἐμὲ δὲ μισεῖ, ὅτι ἐγὼ μαρτυρῶ περὶ αὐτοῦ ὅτι τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ πονηρά ἐστιν. » Χαριέντως σφόδρα καὶ νῦν ὁ Σωτὴρ κοσμικώτερον ἔτι φρονοῦντας καὶ διακειμένους ἐλέγχει τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς, καὶ δευτέραν ὥσπερ ἀπολογίαν τέχνῃ κεράσας εἰσφέρει, δι' ἧς οὐχ ὅπως οὐκ ἐγνωκότας αὐτοὺς τίς κατὰ φύσιν ἐστὶν ἀποδείκνυσιν, ἀλλ' ἔτι τοσοῦτον τῆς εἰς αὐτὸν ἀγάπης ἐξῳκισμένους, ὡς ἑλέσθαι διαζῆν οὐκ ἀπᾳδόντως τοῖς τὸν ἐν κόσμῳ θαυμάζουσι βίον, καὶ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον τὸν ἐν ἀρετῇ. ἦν γὰρ δὴ καὶ ὄντως ἀτοπώτατον τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις ἅπασι προσλαλεῖν τὰ συμφέροντα, περιστολῆς ἁπάσης τῆς ἐπὶ τούτῳ παρῃρημένης: τοῖς δὲ εἶναι δοκοῦσιν ἀδελφοῖς, μὴ οὐχὶ πολλῷ καὶ πλείονι χαρίζεσθαι μέτρῳ, τὰ ἐφ' οἷς ἔμελλον οὐ μετρίως ὠφελούμενοι μανθάνειν ἔχοντες ἤδη τῆς σοφίας τὸν χορηγόν. ἔθος δὲ τοῦτο τῷ Σωτῆρι Χριστῷ: δραξάμενος γὰρ εὐκαίρου προφάσεως ἔσθ' ὅτε, μακρὰς τοῖς ἀκροωμένοις ἐξυφαίνει τὰς κατηχήσεις. ἀεὶ τοιγαροῦν, φησὶ, φίλον ἑκάστῳ τὸ συγγενὲς, καὶ ἡ τοῦ τρόπου ταυτότης παραδόξως συνάγει πρὸς διάθεσιν. ὁ κόσμος ὑμᾶς οὐ μισεῖ: φρονεῖτε γὰρ ἔτι τὰ αὐτοῦ: ἐμὲ δὲ μισεῖ, οὐχ ἡδέως ἔχων ἐφ' οἷς ἂν ἀσχημονῇ παρ' ἐμοῦ κατηγορούμενος: οὐκοῦν ἀκινδύνως ἐπελεύσεσθε μὲν ὑμεῖς ἐπὶ τήνδε τὴν ἑορτὴν, ἐγὼ δὲ οὐκέτι. διαλέξομαι γὰρ πάντως καὶ ἐρῶ παρὼν τὰ συμφέροντα, πικρὸς δὲ τοῖς φιληδόνοις ὁ ἔλεγχος, καὶ πρὸς ὀργὴν ἀνακαῦσαι δεινὸς τὸν ὅτι προσήκοι σωφρονεῖν οὐ καταδεχόμενον. Ὠφελεῖ δὲ πάλιν καὶ διὰ τούτων ἡμᾶς τῶν ῥημάτων ὁ Κύριος: καὶ γὰρ δὴ ποιεῖσθαι τοὺς ἐλέγχους οὐκ ἀπερισκέπτως συμφέρει, οὐδὲ εἰς πάντας ἐκφέρειν μετ' ἐπιπλήξεως τὴν ὑφήγησιν, ἀλλ' εἰδέναι τὸ γεγραμμένον “Μὴ ” ἔλεγχε κακοὺς, ἵνα μὴ μισήσωσί σε,“ ὅτε τὸ μῖσος ἡμῖν οὐκ ἀζήμιον, εἰς ὦτα δὲ μᾶλλον ἀκουόντων ἐπείγεσθαι λαλεῖν, κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον. φιλαμαρτήμων μὲν γὰρ ὁ κόσμος ἐστὶν, ἐπανορθωτὴς δὲ τῶν οὐ δεόντως ἐπιτελουμένων ὁ Κύριος: δι' ἐλέγχου δὲ πολλάκις ποιεῖσθαι προσήκει τὴν ἐπανόρθωσιν: τὸ γὰρ ὅλως καταλέγειν τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ἐπιτιμᾶν ἐστι τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτὴν, καὶ τὸ τῆς φαυλότητος κατηγορεῖν, ἐπιπλήττειν ἐστὶ τοῖς ἔχουσιν αὐτήν. ὅταν οὖν ἀνάγκη μὲν εἰς τὸ ἐλέγχειν καλῇ τὸν διδάσκοντα, καὶ ὁ τῆς θεραπείας τρόπος διὰ τούτων ἰέναι κελεύῃ, χαλεπαίνῃ δὲ λίαν ὁ διὰ τῶν ἐλέγχων ἀβουλήτως παιδαγωγούμενος, τότε δεῖ πάντως τὰ ἐκ μίσους ἀναφύεσθαι κακά. διὰ τοῦτό φησιν ὁ Σωτὴρ ἑαυτὸν μισεῖσθαι παρὰ τοῦ κόσμου, ὡς οὔπω χωρεῖν ἰσχύοντος τὴν μετ' ἐπιπλήξεως παραίνεσιν, ὅταν καὶ τοῦτο προσήκῃ γενέσθαι διὰ τὸ χρήσιμον. νοῦς γὰρ ἐπὶ ταῖς εἰς τὸ φαῦλον ἡδοναῖς τυραννούμενος, χαλεπαίνει δὴ πάντως τὸν ὅτι προσήκοι σωφρονεῖν ἀναπείθοντα λόγον. ταῦτα δέ φησιν ὁ Σωτὴρ οὐκ ἀποφήσας παντελῶς τὴν ἐν τοῖς Ἱεροσολύμοις ἀποδημίαν, οὐδὲ πρὸς ἐλέγχους ἀπειρηκὼς τοὺς οἵπερ ἂν φαίνοιντο τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσι χρήσιμοι, ἀλλ' ἐν καιρῷ τῷ δεόντι δρᾶν καὶ τοῦτο μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων διανοούμενος. σημειωτέον δὲ ὅτι καὶ τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ μαθηταῖς τοιοῦτόν τι φησί. παραμυθούμενος γὰρ, καὶ οὐ σφόδρα τοῖς ἐπισυμβήσεσθαι μέλλουσιν ἐπασχάλλειν διδάσκων, ὅταν αὐτὸν τῇ οἰκουμένῃ κηρύττωσι, καὶ μυρίοις διὰ τοῦτο περιπίπτωσι πειρασμοῖς ” Εἰ ἦτε, φησὶν, ἐκ τοῦ “κόσμου, ὁ κόσμος ἂν τὸ ἴδιον ἐφίλει: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ ” κόσμου οὐκ ἐστὲ, διὰ τοῦτο μισεῖ ὑμᾶς ὁ κόσμος.“ κόσμον ἐν τούτοις οὐ τὴν ὁρωμένην κτίσιν ἀποκαλῶν, μᾶλλον δὲ τοὺς φρονοῦντας τὰ ἐν κόσμῳ: οἷς δὴ καὶ λίαν ὁ μὲν τῶν ἴσων οὐκ ἐραστὴς, σκληρὸς καὶ προσάντης καὶ ἐν ἐχθροῦ τινος τάξει λελόγισται: συγγενὴς δὲ καὶ φίλος ὁ συνεθελητὴς, καὶ τῇ τοῦ βίου ταυτότητι πρὸς ἰσοτροπίαν τὴν ἐπ' αἰσχροῖς συσφιγγόμενος.
« Ὑμεῖς ἀνάβητε εἰς τὴν ἑορτὴν ταύτην: ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀναβαίνω εἰς τὴν ἑορτὴν ταύτην, ὅτι ὁ ἐμὸς καιρὸς οὔπω πεπλήρωται. » Ἀποφάσκει μὲν ἤδη σαφῶς τὸ βούλεσθαι τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις συνεορτάζειν ὁ Κύριος, ἤγουν ἰέναι κατὰ ταὐτὸν, ὡς συμμεθέξων ἐκείνοις τῆς ἐν σκιαῖς εὐθυμίας. τὸ γὰρ ἅπαξ εἰρημένον, ὡς πρὸς ὀλίγους, καίτοι νομισθέντας ἀδελφοὺς, εἰς ὅλον δυνάμει διαδραμεῖται τὸ γένος τὸ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ. οὐ γὰρ δή τις ἐρεῖ τὸ συνεῖναι τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς δι' αὐτούς γε κυρίως παραιτεῖσθαι τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ὡς δὲ καὶ συνὼν ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ φαίνεται: ὑποτοπητέον δὲ, ὅτι καὶ οὐκ ἀπὸ σκοποῦ διὰ τὴν τοῦ γένους τοῦ κατὰ σάρκα παρὰ πολλοῖς ὑπόνοιαν καὶ ὁμέστιος ἦν. πρόδηλον οὖν, ὅτι καθάπερ ἐν τύπῳ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίων πληθύος εἰσφερομένης, τὸ συνεορτάζειν αὐτοῖς ἀποφεύγει Χριστὸς, κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον δι' ἑνὸς τῶν ἁγίων προφητῶν ” Μεμίσηκα, ἀπῶσμαι τὰς “ἑορτὰς ὑμῶν, καὶ οὐ μὴ ὀσφρανθῶ ἐν ταῖς πανηγύρεσιν ” ὑμῶν: διότι καὶ ἐὰν ἐνέγκητέ μοι ὁλοκαυτώματα καὶ “θυσίας, οὐ προσδέξομαι αὐτὰ, καὶ σωτηρίου ἐπιφανείας ” ὑμῶν οὐκ ἐπιβλέψομαι: μετάστησον ἀπ' ἐμοῦ ἦχον ᾠδῶν “σου, καὶ ψαλμὸν ὀργάνων σου οὐκ ἀκούσομαι:” “Πνεῦμα ” γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας αὐτὸν ἐν πνεύματι “καὶ ἀληθείᾳ δεῖ προσκυνεῖν,” κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος φωνήν. ὑπάρχων δὲ πνεῦμα, πνευματικαῖς ἂν εἰκότως τιμαῖς καὶ δωροφορίαις ἐφήδοιτο, ὧν καὶ εἰς τύπον διὰ τῆς νομικῆς ἐντολῆς βουθυσίαι τε καὶ μηλοσφαγίαι, καὶ λιβάνου πρὸς τούτοις, σεμιδάλεώς τε καὶ οἴνου καὶ ἐλαίου προσκομιδαὶ τεταγμένως ἐγίνοντο, τὸ πολυειδὲς τῆς ἀρετῆς τῶν προσκυνούντων ἐν πνεύματι δι' ἐμφανεστέρων σχημάτων καταμηνύουσαι. ὑμεῖς τοιγαροῦν, φησὶν, οἱ τὴν σκίαν ἀγαπῶντες ἔτι, παχύτερόν τε καὶ Ἰουδαϊκῶς διακείμενοι περὶ τούτων, ἀνάβητε πρὸς τὴν ἐν σκιαῖς καὶ τύποις πανήγυριν: ἐμοὶ δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἑορτάζειν ἡδύ: πρὸς ταύτην οὐκ ἄνειμι τὴν ἑορτὴν, τὴν ἐν τύπῳ δηλονότι καὶ σχήματι: ἔχω γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ τὸ τέρπον οὐδέν: περιμένω δὲ μᾶλλον τῆς ἀληθοῦς πανηγύρεως τὸν καιρὸν, ὃς οὔπω πεπλήρωται. τότε γὰρ τότε, φησὶ, τοῖς ἐμοῖς θιασώταις συνέσομαι χαίρων ἐν τῇ λαμπρότητι τῶν ἁγίων, τῇ τοῦ Πατρὸς δόξῃ, τὴν εἰς ἄκρον ἀπαστράπτων φαιδρότητα. ἑαυτοῦ δέ φησι, καὶ ὡς ἴδιον ἀποκαλεῖ τὸν καιρόν: αὐτοῦ γὰρ ἡ ἑορτὴ, αὐτὸς ὁ πανηγυριάρχης ἐστίν. αὐτῷ γὰρ αὐτὴν καὶ ὁ μακάριος Ἱερεμίας ἀνετίθει λέγων τοῖς κατημεληκόσι τῆς εἰς Θεὸν εὐσεβείας, καὶ ἐν τῷ μηδενὶ πεποιημένοις τὸ βούλεσθαι διαπρέπειν ἐν ἀγαθοῖς “Τί ποιή” σετε ἐν ἡμέρᾳ πανηγύρεως, καὶ ἐν ἡμέραις ἑορτῆς Κυρίου;“ οἱ γὰρ ὅλως, φησὶ, τὸ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἱδροῦν παραιτούμενοι, καὶ τὸ λαμπρὸν τῆς εἰς Θεὸν ἀγάπης ἄμφιον οὐκ ἔχοντες, τί ποιήσετε ἐν ἡμέρᾳ πανηγύρεως, πῶς εἰσελεύσεσθε πρὸς τὴν θείαν τε καὶ οὐράνιον ἑορτὴν, ἢ πῶς ἂν ὑμᾶς ὁ τοῦ δείπνου δεσπότης οὐκ ἂν εὐλόγως ἐξώσειε τοῦ φαιδροτάτου τῶν κεκλημένων χοροῦ λέγων ” Ἑταῖρε, πῶς “εἰσῆλθες ὧδε μὴ ἔχων ἔνδυμα γάμου;” τούτῳ δ' ἂν εἴη συγγενὲς καὶ τὴν ἴσην ἡμῖν εἰσκομίζον διάνοιαν τὸ παρὰ τῷ προφήτῃ κείμενον Ζαχαρίᾳ “Καὶ ἔσται γὰρ, φησὶν, ὅσοι ” ἂν καταλειφθῶσιν ἐκ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν τῶν ἐλθόντων “ἐπὶ Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ ἀναβήσονται κατ' ἐνιαυτὸν τοῦ ” προσκυνῆσαι τῷ βασιλεῖ Κυρίῳ παντοκράτορι καὶ τοῦ “ἑορτάζειν τὴν ἑορτὴν τῆς σκηνοπηγίας.” ἀναβήσεσθαι δὲ τοὺς καταλειφθέντας φησὶν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ μεγάλου βασιλέως προσκύνησιν, καὶ πρὸς ἀποπλήρωσιν τῆς ἑορτῆς τῆς σκηνοπηγίας. πολλῶν γὰρ διὰ τῆς χάριτος κεκλημένων, οἱ πρὸς τὴν ἄνω πόλιν ἀναβαίνοντες οὐ πολλοί: ὀλίγοι γὰρ οἱ ἐκλεκτοὶ, κατὰ τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος φωνὴν, ἐκ παντὸς δηλονότι ληφθέντες ἔθνους. ἀναβήσονται δὲ λέγων ἐπὶ τῷ προσκυνεῖν, οὐκέτι τὴν νομικὴν, μᾶλλον δὲ τὴν ἐν πνεύματι λατρείαν ἐπιτελοῦντας ἐπιδεικνύει, καὶ πληροῦντας ἑορτὴν τὴν ἐπὶ σκηνοπηγίᾳ τῇ κατ' ἀλήθειαν, μονονουχὶ τὸ ἐν ψαλμοῖς ἐκεῖνο λιγυρῶς ἀνιέντας μέλος “Εὐλογητὸς Κύριος, ” ὅτι εἰσήκουσε τῆς φωνῆς τῆς δεήσεώς μου. ἐπ' αὐτῷ “ἤλπισεν ἡ καρδία μου, καὶ ἐβοηθήθην καὶ ἀνέθαλεν ἡ ” σάρξ μου:“ ἀνεθάλη γὰρ ἡ σὰρξ, καὶ εἰσαῦθις ἀναβιώσεται, καὶ οὐ δίχα Χριστοῦ: γέγονε γὰρ ἡμῖν αὐτὸς ἡ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἀρχὴ, καὶ τῆς ἀληθεστέρας σκηνοπηγίας ἡ θύρα. καὶ τοῦτο ἦν ἄρα τὸ δι' ἑνὸς εἰρημένον τῶν ἁγίων προφητῶν καὶ ” ἀναστήσω τὴν σκηνὴν Δαυεὶδ τὴν πεπτω“κυῖαν.” σκηνὴ γὰρ ἡ πεσοῦσα τοῦ ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυεὶδ τὸ κατὰ σάρκα Χριστοῦ, πρώτη πρὸς ἀφθαρσίαν διὰ τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρὸς ἐξεγήγερται κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον πρὸς Ἰουδαίους δι' ἑνὸς τῶν ἀποστόλων περὶ αὐτοῦ “Τοῦτον τῇ ὡρισμένῃ βουλῇ καὶ προγνώσει τοῦ Θεοῦ ” ἔκδοτον λαβόντες διὰ χειρὸς ἀνόμων προσπήξαντες ἀνεί“λετε, ὃν ὁ Θεὸς ἀνέστησε λύσας τὰς ὠδῖνας τοῦ θανάτου, ” καθότι οὐκ ἦν δυνατὸν κρατεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ:“ καὶ πάλιν ” Τοῦτον τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀνέστησεν ὁ Θεὸς, οὗ πάντες “ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν μάρτυρες.” ὅτι γὰρ ἔθος τῇ ἁγίᾳ γραφῇ, τὸν ἐκ Δαυεὶδ κατὰ σάρκα Χριστὸν, Δαυεὶδ ἀποκαλεῖν, χαλεπὸν οὐδὲν συνιδεῖν.
« Ταῦτα εἰπὼν αὐτὸς ἔμεινεν ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ: ὡς δὲ ἀνέβησαν οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὴν ἑορτὴν, τότε καὶ αὐτὸς ἀνέβη, οὐ φανερῶς, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐν κρυπτῷ. » Ἐμφιλοχωρεῖ τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ, καὶ τῆς Ἰουδαίων χώρας ἐξωστρακισμένος, ἥδιόν τε καὶ ἀσφαλέστερον διαιτᾶται Χριστὸς, ἵνα πάλιν τῶν εἶναι δοκούντων νομομαθῶν εὐγενεστέρα φαίνηται, καίτοι λίαν ἀπαίδευτος οὖσα τῶν ἐθνῶν ἡ πληθὺς, διὰ τὴν ἔτι συνέχουσαν πλάνην. σημαίνει δὲ διὰ τούτου καὶ τὴν εἰς αὐτὰ δικαίαν ἀγάπησιν, καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐξ Ἰσραὴλ εὐλογωτάτην ἀπέχθειαν. πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἔμελλεν “ὁ πάντα γινώσκων πρὶν γενέσεως αὐτῶν,” οὕτω διατεθήσεσθαι, ὡς ἀγάπης μὲν ἤδη τῆς θείας ἀξιοῦν τὴν ἐξ ἐθνῶν Ἐκκλησίαν, καλουμένην οὕτως εὐπετῶς ἐπὶ τῷ πιστεύειν αὐτῷ, ἀποσείεσθαι δὲ λοιπὸν καὶ καταμυσάττεσθαι δικαίως ὡς ἀγνώμονα τὴν Ἱερουσαλήμ: ὅς γε καὶ πρὸ αὐτῶν τῆς ἐπιδημίας τῶν χρόνων, ἐπιθυμῆσαι μὲν λέγεται τοῦ κάλλους αὐτῆς, κατὰ τὴν τοῦ ψάλλοντος ἀναφώνησιν, πόρνην δὲ καὶ μοιχαλίδα, καὶ τί γὰρ οὐχὶ τῶν τοιούτων, τὴν σκληροτράχηλον Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἀπεκάλει; σαφέστατα γοῦν διὰ μὲν τοῦ προφήτου φησὶν Ἱεζεκιὴλ πρὸς αὐτήν “Διὰ τοῦτο πόρνη ” ἄκουε λόγον Κυρίου:“ διὰ δὲ τῆς Ἱερεμίου φωνῆς ὡς μοιχαλίδα καταιτιᾶται βοῶν ὅτι ” Καθὼς ἀθετεῖ γυνὴ εἰς “τὸν συνόντα αὐτῇ, οὕτως ἠθέτησεν εἰς ἐμὲ οἶκος Ἰσραὴλ, ” λέγει Κύριος.“ ὡς οὖν ἤδη κατὰ πρόγνωσιν τὴν ἐκ προμηθείας θεοπρεποῦς, τῆς μὲν ἐξ ἐθνῶν Ἐκκλησίας περιαθρήσας τὸ κάλλος, τῆς δὲ τῶν Ἰουδαίων συναγωγῆς τὴν ἐν φαυλότητι τρόπων αἰσχρότητα, τὴν μὲν ἤδη προαγαπᾷ καὶ προεισοικίζεται, καθάπερ τινὰ νύμφην ἐπὶ παστῷ, ἐπὶ δὲ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ προαπεχθάνεται, τὸ τελείως ἑκατέρᾳ χρεωστούμενον καιρῷ τηρήσας τῷ δέοντι. οὔτε γὰρ πρόωρον τοῖς ἐξ Ἰσραὴλ ὁλοκλήρως ἐπάγει τὴν κόλασιν, οὔτε μὴν ὁλοσχερῶς ἑαυτὸν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ χαρίζεται πρὸ τοῦ σωτηρίου σταυροῦ: τότε γὰρ ἦν τοῦτο δρῶντα δικαίως ἐπ' εὐλόγοις αἰτίαις τῆς πρὸς ἐκείνους ἀγάπης ἀποφοιτᾶν. εἰρηκὼς τοιγαροῦν, ὡς οὐκ ἀναβήσεται πρὸς ταύτην τὴν ἑορτὴν, καὶ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ἐπιτρέψας, εἰ θελητὸν, ἰέναι, μόνος: παρεῖναι γὰρ οὔπω διεβεβαιοῦτο καιρόν: ἄνεισι μετ' αὐτοὺς, οὐχ ἕτερα μὲν λέγων, πράττων δὲ οἷς ἂν λέγοι τὰ ἐναντία: τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν ἤδη καὶ ψεύδεσθαι, καίτοι δόλου, τουτέστι ψεύσματος, οὐχ ηὑρῆσθαι λεγομένου παντελῶς ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ: ἀλλ' ὄντως ἐκεῖνο δρᾶν ὅπερ ὑπέσχετο προθυμούμενος. οὐ γὰρ ἀναβαίνει συνεορτάσων, νουθετήσων δὲ μᾶλλον, καὶ ἐπείπερ εἰς τὸ σώζειν ἀφίκετο, τὰ εἰς ζωὴν ἀναφέροντα τὴν αἰώνιον ἐρῶν τε καὶ εἰσηγησόμενος. ὅτι γὰρ οὗτος ἦν ὁ σκοπὸς ἐν αὐτῷ, διδάξει σαφῶς τὸ μηδὲ τοῖς ἀνιοῦσιν ἐθελῆσαι συμβαδίζειν αὐτὸν, ἀνελθεῖν δὲ μόλις καὶ λεληθότως, οὐ παῤῥησίᾳ καὶ ἱλαρότητι χρώμενον τῶν ἰόντων ἐπὶ πανήγυριν. Καὶ γοῦν, ὅτε λοιπὸν ἐπὶ τὸ σωτήριον ἀνέβαινε πάθος, ἀνῆλθεν οὐ κεκρυμμένως, ἀλλὰ πώλῳ μὲν ἐποχούμενος εἰς τύπον τοῦ νέου λαοῦ, νηπίων δὲ προελαύνοντα δῆμον οὐκ εὐαρίθμητον ἔχων, σχῆμα πάλιν ἀποπληροῦντα τοῦ τεχθησομένου λαοῦ, περὶ οὗ γέγραπται ” Καὶ λαὸς ὁ κτιζόμενος “αἰνέσει τὸν Κύριον.” ἀνεφώνει δὲ καὶ τὰ προβαδίζοντα βρέφη “Εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου, ὡσαννὰ ” ἐν τοῖς ὑψίστοις.“ οὐκοῦν διὰ τοῦ λεληθότως ἀνελθεῖν, ἀποδεικνύει ὅτι συνεορτάσων μὲν οὐδαμῶς, προσδιαλεχθησόμενος δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτοῖς εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα παραγέγονεν ὁ Χριστός: ὡς γὰρ ἤδη προλαβόντες εἰρήκαμεν, οὔπω παντελῶς τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ἀπανίσταται, πρὶν ἂν θανάτῳ παραδοθεὶς, ἀξίως ἤδη φαίνηται τοῦτο ποιῶν. Τοῦ δὲ εἰπεῖν μὲν, ὡς οὐκ ἀναβήσεται, μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο μὴ παραιτεῖσθαι τὸ ἀνελθεῖν, εὑρήσεις καὶ πάλαι τὸν τύπον ἀποπληρούμενον ἐν βιβλίῳ τῷ ἐπίκλην Ἐξόδῳ. Μωυσῆς μὲν γὰρ ὁ θεοσπέσιός τε καὶ ἱερώτατος τὰς ἐν τῷ ὄρει διατριβὰς ἐποιεῖτο μετὰ Θεοῦ, τὸν δοθησόμενον παρ' αὐτοῦ περιμένων νόμον. ἐμοσχοποίει δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἔρημον τῆς εἰς Θεὸν εὐσεβείας ὀλιγωρήσας ὁ Ἰσραήλ: ἀλλ' ὀργίζεται δικαίως ἐπὶ τούτοις ὁ νομοθέτης, καὶ τῆς ἐλαφρίας τῶν οὕτως ἑτοίμως ἐφ' ἃ μὴ προσῆκεν ἀποκλινάντων καταβοήσας, καὶ ἐξαναλώσειν εἰσάπαξ ἀπειλήσας αὐτοὺς, ἐν τελευταίοις φησὶ πρὸς τὸν ἅγιον Μωυσέα ” Πορεύου καὶ ἀνάβηθι ἐντεῦθεν “σὺ καὶ ὁ λαός σου, οὓς ἐξήγαγες ἐξ Αἰγύπτου, εἰς τὴν ” γῆν ἣν ὤμοσα τῷ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Ἰακὼβ λέγων “Τῷ σπέρματι ὑμῶν δώσω αὐτὴν, καὶ συναποστελῶ πρὸ ” προσώπου σου τὸν ἄγγελόν μου,“ εἶτα λέγει πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ Μωυσῆς ” Εἰ μὴ αὐτὸς συμπορεύσῃ μετ' ἐμοῦ, μή με ἀνα“γάγῃς ἐντεῦθεν: καὶ πῶς γνωστὸν ἔσται ἀληθῶς ὅτι ” εὕρηκα χάριν παρὰ σοὶ, ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ λαός σου, ἀλλ' ἢ “συμπορευομένου σου μεθ' ἡμῶν; καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρὸς ” Μωυσῆν Καὶ τοῦτόν σοι τὸν λόγον ὃν εἴρηκας ποιήσω: “εὗρες γὰρ χάριν παρ' ἐμοί.” ὁρᾷς ὅπως ἐπὶ μὲν τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ἀποστασίᾳ λυπούμενος, οὐ συναναβήσεσθαι μὲν εἰς τὴν γῆν αὐτοῖς τῆς ἐπαγγελίας διισχυρίζετο, συναποστέλλειν δέ τινα ἄγγελον ἔφασκεν, αἰδοῖ δὲ τῇ πρὸς Μωυσέα, καὶ τῇ τῶν πατέρων μνήμῃ τὴν συγγνώμην ἐπιδιδοὺς, συμβαδιεῖσθαι πάλιν αὐτοῖς καθυπέσχετο. Ἀρνησάμενος τοιγαροῦν τὸ συνεορτάζειν Ἰουδαίοις, ὡς ἀλαζόσι καὶ ὑβρισταῖς, ὡς διὰ τῆς ἀρνήσεως ἀτιμάζουσι Θεὸν, ὥσπερ οὖν ἐκεῖνοι διὰ τῆς μοσχοποιίας, οὐ σφόδρα φιλονεικήσας τοῖς τῶν λυπούντων πταίσμασιν, ἀποπληρῶν δὲ μᾶλλον τὴν εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους πατέρας ὑπόσχεσιν, ἄνεισι διδάξων, καὶ τὰ εἰς σωτηρίαν αὐτοῖς παραθήσων μαθήματα, οὐκ ἀγγέλῳ τὴν τοιαύτην ἐπιτρέψας διακονίαν, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδὲ τότε, αὐτουργὸς δὲ μᾶλλον καὶ εἰς τὴν τῶν ἀχαρίστων σωτηρίαν γιγνόμενος.
« Οἱ οὖν Ἰουδαῖοι ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ καὶ ἔλεγον Ποῦ ἐστιν ἐκεῖνος; » Ἐρευνῶσιν Ἰουδαῖοι τὸν Ἰησοῦν, οὐχ ἵνα εὑρόντες πιστεύσειαν: ἢ γὰρ ἂν καὶ τὸ ζητεῖσθαι φθάσας ἑαυτὸν προσεκόμιζε κατὰ τὸ παρ' αὐτοῦ λεγόμενον “Εὑρέθην τοῖς ἐμὲ μὴ ” ζητοῦσιν, ἐμφανὴς ἐγενόμην τοῖς ἐμὲ μὴ ἐπερωτῶσιν:“ ἀλλ' ἐκ πολλῆς ἄγαν τῆς παρανομίας εἰς τὴν Ἑλλήνων εἰκαιοπονίαν κατολισθαίνοντες, καὶ τὰ ἐκείνοις συνήθη ζηλώσαντες μᾶλλον, ἤπερ τὰ δι' ὧν εἰκὸς ἦν διὰ τῆς ἄνωθεν καταλαμπρύνεσθαι χάριτος. Ἑλλήνων μὲν γὰρ οἱ δοκοῦντες εἶναι συνετοὶ, καὶ τῆς κοσμικῆς καὶ δαιμονιώδους σοφίας ἀναπεπλησμένοι, μακροὺς καὶ πικροὺς ἀναλίσκοντες λόγους, καὶ κύκλους θεωρημάτων εἰκαίων ἑλίττοντες, ἱστόν τε ἀράχνης κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον ὑφαίνοντες, τὴν ἀλήθειαν, ἤτοι τὸ ἀγαθὸν, ἢ τὸ δίκαιον ὅ τι ποτὲ κατὰ φύσιν ἐστὶν, προσποιοῦνται ζητεῖν, καὶ μόνην ὥσπερ σκιὰν τῆς ἀληθοῦς γνώσεως ἑαυτοῖς ἀναπλάττοντες, ἄγευστοι παντελῶς τῆς ἐν ἔργοις διατελοῦσιν ἀρετῆς, καὶ τῆς ἄνωθέν τε καὶ ὄντως σοφίας ἔρημοι διαμένοντες, ἐπ' οὐδενὶ τῶν χρησίμων ἔσθ' ὅτε τὰ μέχρι λόγων ποιοῦνται γυμνάσματα. Ἰουδαῖοι δὲ πάλιν, οἱ τῆς ἐκείνων ἀμαθίας ἀδελφοὶ καὶ γείτονες, ἀναζητοῦσι τὸν Ἰησοῦν, οὐχ ἵν' εὑρόντες πιστεύσωσιν, ὡς ἡ τῶν πραγμάτων ἔδειξε φύσις, ἀλλ' ἵνα πολλαῖς αὐτὸν λοιδορίαις κατακοντίζοντες, τὴν ἄσβεστον ταῖς ἑαυτῶν κεφαλαῖς ἐποίσειαν φλόγα. καὶ καθ' ἕτερον δὲ τρόπον, εἰκαιοτάτην αὐτοὺς ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ζήτησιν οἰησόμεθα πάλιν. μόνον γὰρ ὅτι μὴ πάρεστι προσποιοῦνται ζητεῖν. παρεῖναι γὰρ ἔδει, φασὶ, τοῖς ἑορτάζουσι τὸν θαυματουργὸν, τὸ ἐν τέρψει μᾶλλον ἡδὺ, καὶ οὐχὶ πάντως τὴν ἐκ τοῦ θαυμάζειν ὠφέλειαν θηρώμενοι: νομομαθείας δὲ δόξαν ἠμφιεσμένοι, καὶ πεπαιδεῦσθαι τοῖς ἱεροῖς γράμμασιν οὐ μετρίως οἰόμενοι, τῆς προφητικῆς ἀμνημονοῦσι φωνῆς, ἐχούσης ὧδε ” Ζητή“σατε τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ ἐν τῷ εὑρίσκειν αὐτὸν ἐπικαλέσασθε: ” ἡνίκα ἂν ἐγγίζῃ ὑμῖν, ἀπολιπέτω ὁ ἀσεβὴς τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτοῦ “καὶ ἀνὴρ ἄνομος τὴν βουλὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπιστραφήτω ἐπὶ ” Κύριον, καὶ ἐλεηθήσεται.“ ὁρᾷς ὅπως οὐκ ἐξαρκέσει πρὸς σωτηρίαν τὸ μόνον ζητεῖν, ἀλλ' εὑρόντας ἀνάγκη καὶ ἐπιστρέφειν, δι' ὑπακοῆς δηλονότι καὶ πίστεως; οὕτω δὲ ἦν ἀνασώζεσθαι τὸν ἀμαθῆ καὶ δυσάγωγον τῶν Ἰουδαίων λαόν: ἐπειδὴ δὲ κἀν τούτῳ λίαν ἀσυνετοῦντες ἁλίσκονται, λοιπὸν εὐλόγως ἀκούσονται ” Πῶς ἐρεῖτε ὅτι σοφοί ἐσμεν ἡμεῖς, “καὶ λόγος Κυρίου μεθ' ἡμῶν ἐστιν; εἰς μάτην ἐγενήθη ” σχοῖνος ψευδὴς γραμματεῦσιν. ᾐσχύνθησαν σοφοὶ, ἐπτοή“θησαν, ἑάλωσαν. σοφία τίς ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς; ὅτι τὸν ” λόγον Κυρίου ἀπεδοκίμασαν.“ πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἀπεδοκίμασαν, οὐ παραδεξάμενοι, ἢ πῶς οὐκ ἀτιμάζουσι, τό Ποῦ ἐστιν ἐκεῖνος, ἀπαιδεύτως περὶ αὐτοῦ λέγειν οὐ παραιτούμενοι; ἀπονοουμένων γὰρ τό Ἐκεῖνος, καὶ οὔπω θαυμάζειν ἀξιούντων αὐτὸν, καίτοι διὰ πολλῆς ἄγαν τῆς μεγαλουργίας ἐκπρεπεστάτην ἔχειν ὀφείλοντα παρ' αὐτοῖς τὴν ὑπόληψιν.
« Καὶ γογγυσμὸς περὶ αὐτοῦ ἦν πολὺς ἐν τοῖς ὄχλοις. οἱ μὲν ἔλεγον ὅτι ἀγαθός ἐστιν: ἄλλοι δὲ ἔλεγον Οὒ, ἀλλὰ πλανᾷ τὸν ὄχλον. » Δυσθήρατον μὲν ἀεί πως καὶ δυσεύρετόν ἐστι τὸ ἀγαθὸν, καὶ τὸ δύνασθαι τῆς ἀληθείας τὸ κάλλος ἰχνηλατεῖν δυσκατόρθωτον τοῖς πολλοῖς, ἐξαιρέτως δὲ τοῖς ἀμαθεστέροις καὶ οὐκ ἔχουσι τὸ ἐν συνέσει πικρὸν, οἳ ῥοπαῖς ἀλογωτάταις λογισμῶν ἀσυνέτων ἐπὶ τὸ δοκοῦν αὐτοῖς εὐπετέστερον ἀποκλίνοντες, καὶ τὴν τοῦ παρεμπίπτοντος φύσιν δοκιμάζειν οὐκ ἀνεχόμενοι, τῆς ἀληθοῦς τῶν πραγμάτων ποιότητος οὐκ ἂν ἐφίκοιντό ποτε, καίτοι τοῦ Παύλου λέγοντος ” Γίνεσθε “δόκιμοι τραπεζῖται,” καὶ πάντα δὲ δοκιμάζειν ἡμᾶς ἀναπείθοντος, ὡς ἐξ ἀκριβοῦς ἐρεύνης ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ συμφέροντος ἔρχεσθαι θήραν. ἀκουέτωσαν τοίνυν οἱ ἐκ πολλῆς παρανοίας τὸν Ἰησοῦν οὐ θαυμάζοντες, ἀδιακρίτως δὲ ὅτι πρέποι κατηγορεῖν ἐγνωκότες αὐτοῦ “Γεύσασθε καὶ ἴδετε ὅτι χρη” στὸς ὁ Κύριος.“ ὅνπερ γὰρ τρόπον οἱ τὸ ἐξαίρετον ἐν τῇ κατὰ γεῦσιν ποιότητι δοκιμάζοντες μέλι, καὶ ἐξ ὀλίγης κομιδῇ τῆς γεύσεως δέχονται τοῦ ζητουμένου τὴν αἴσθησιν, οὕτως οἱ εἰς πεῖραν καὶ βραχεῖαν τῶν τοῦ διασώζοντος ἰόντες λόγων, ὅτι χρηστὸς ἐπιγνώσονται, καὶ μαθόντες θαυμάσουσιν. οἱ μὲν οὖν παρὰ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις συνετώτεροι συναγορεύουσι τῷ Χριστῷ, καὶ ὀρθὴν ἐπ' αὐτῷ τὴν ψῆφον ἐκφέρουσι, συναινοῦντες ὡς ἀγαθῷ, ἐκεῖνο δὴ πάντως κατὰ τὸ εἰκὸς ἐνθυμούμενοι, ὡς οὐκ ἄν τῳ προσείη δύνασθαι κατορθοῦν, ὧν ἂν ἐργάτης ὁρῷτο Θεὸς, εἰ μὴ Θεὸς κατὰ φύσιν ὑπάρχοι, ἤγουν Θεοῦ μέτοχος, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀγαθὸς, ᾧπερ ἂν πρέποι καὶ τὸ διὰ πάντων εὐδοκιμεῖν, καὶ διὰ τῆς ἄνωθεν δυναμοῦσθαι χάριτος, εἰ καὶ οὐχ οὕτως ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ: αὐτὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ τῶν δυνάμεων Κύριος: ἀλογωτάταις δὲ λίαν ἐπινήχονται δόξαις, καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας ἀφεστᾶσι μακρὰν, οἱ πλάνον ἀποκαλεῖν οὐκ ὀκνήσαντες τὸν εἰς ἀπλανῆ τῆς δικαιοσύνης κατευθύνοντα τρίβον. ἀκουέτω τοιγαροῦν ὁ παράφρων Ἰουδαῖος ” Οὐαὶ οἱ λέγοντες “τὸ πονηρὸν καλὸν καὶ τὸ καλὸν πονηρὸν, οἱ τιθέντες τὸ ” σκότος φῶς καὶ τὸ φῶς σκότος.“ ἐν ἴσῃ γὰρ τάξει τῷ συνειπεῖν φαυλότητι τὸ κατηγορεῖν τοῦ καλοῦ, καὶ τῶν μὲν αἰσχρῶν τὴν εὐλογωτάτην ἀποστῆσαι κατάῤῥησιν, τοῖς δὲ ἐν τῇ τῶν ἀρίστων μοίρᾳ τεταγμένοις μῶμον ἐπιῤῥίπτειν τὸν οὐδαμόθεν αὐτοῖς χρεωστούμενον. προανεφωνεῖτο δὲ καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ ταύταις αὐτῶν ταῖς λοιδορίαις ἐγκλήματα: ” Οὐαὶ“ γάρ φησιν ” αὐτοῖς, ὅτι ἀπεπήδησαν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ: δείλαιοί εἰσιν, “ὅτι ἠσέβησαν εἰς ἐμέ: ἐγὼ δὲ ἐλυτρωσάμην αὐτοὺς, αὐτοὶ ” δὲ κατελάλησαν κατ' ἐμοῦ ψευδῆ.“
« Οὐδεὶς μέντοι ἐν παῤῥησίᾳ ἐλάλει περὶ αὐτοῦ διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων. » Ἐν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις ὁ γογγυσμὸς, καὶ διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν Ἰουδαίων, οὐδένα δύνασθαί φησιν ἐν παῤῥησίᾳ λαλεῖν. οὐκοῦν ἐξαιρέτως Ἰουδαίους ὀνομάζει τοὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐξάρχοντας, οὐκ ἀξιώσας, ὥς γε μοι φαίνεται, πρεσβυτέρους αὐτοὺς, ἢ ἱερέας, ἢ ἕτερόν τι προσειπεῖν τῶν τοιούτων ὁ θεσπέσιος Εὐαγγελιστὴς, ζήλῳ τῷ πρὸς εὐσέβειαν πρὸς τὴν ἐπ' αὐτοῖς λύπην ἠκονημένος, οὓς δὴ καὶ εἰκότως, ὡς τὸν νοητὸν καταφθείροντας ἀμπελῶνα, καταιτιᾶται λέγων ἐν προφήταις ὁ Θεός ” Ποιμένες πολλοὶ διέφθειραν τὸν ἀμπελῶνά μου, “ἐμόλυναν τὴν μερίδα μου, ἔδωκαν μερίδα ἐπιθυμητήν μου ” εἰς ἔρημον ἄβατον, ἐγενήθη εἰς ἀφανισμὸν ἀπωλείας.“ πῶς γὰρ οὐκ οἰησόμεθα κατεφθάρθαι κατ' ἀλήθειαν ἀμπελῶνα τὸν δεσποτικὸν ταῖς ἑαυτῶν βδελυρίαις, ὅτε καὶ τὸ συνειπεῖν τῷ ἀγαθῶ καὶ θαυμάσαι μόνον τὸ θαύματος ἄξιον ἐπισφαλὲς ἀπεδείκνυον; φορτικωτέραν δὲ ὅτι τοῖς ἡγουμένοις τῶν Ἰουδαίων τὴν κόλασιν ἀπεργάζεται μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ τοῦτο, τίνι τῶν εὖ φρονούντων ἀμφίβολον; ἰδοὺ γὰρ ἰδοὺ, δέδιέ τε καὶ καταφρίττει μὲν ἅπας αὐτοὺς ὁ λαὸς, οὐ παιδαγωγεῖται δὲ κατὰ νόμον, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ζῆν ἐκδιδάσκεται κατὰ λόγον τὸν πρέποντα, καίτοι καὶ μάλα προθύμως οἷσπερ ἂν ἐπιτάξειαν ὑποκείμενος. ἀπόδειξις γὰρ τῆς εἰς ἄκρον ὑποταγῆς ὁ φόβος: παρανομεῖν τοιγαροῦν, ἢ τὸ τῷ νομοθέτῃ δοκοῦν περιαθρεῖν εὐγνωμόνως ἠναγκάζετο, καὶ δι' ὧν οὐδ' ὅσον ἐπαινέσαι τὸ ἀγαθὸν τολμῶσιν, ἐθελούσιον μὲν οὐδαμῶς, βιαιοτάτην δὲ ὥσπερ, καθ' ὧν ἂν ἐκεῖνοι βούλωνται, τὴν ἐπὶ φαυλότητι ψῆφον ἐκφέρειν, καὶ τὸν ἐπαίνου καὶ θαύματος ἄξιον, ὡς αἰσχρὸν κατακρίνειν. ὅνπερ οὖν τρόπον ἂν ἄριστά τις ἀνὴρ θαλαττεύειν εἰδὼς, καὶ τοῖς τῆς νεὼς πηδαλίοις προσκαθήμενος, καὶ πειθομένην ἔχων αὐτὴν ἀγάγοι κατὰ πετρῶν, αὐτὸς ἂν ὑπαίτιος νοοῖτο γεγονὼς τοῦ πταίσματος: ἢ ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις ἱππηλατεῖν εἰθισμένος, εὐδρομωτάτοις μὲν λίαν ἐποχοῖτο τοῖς πώλοις, εὐπαρακόμιστον δὲ αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν ἐφ' ὅπερ ἂν βούλοιτο πτῆσιν τοῖς τῶν χαλινῶν ἀνακρούσμασιν ἔχειν δυνάμενος, εἶτα λίθῳ προσαῤῥάξας τοὺς τροχοὺς, οὐ τοῖς πώλοις τοῦ παθεῖν τὴν αἰτίαν εὐλόγως μὲν, μᾶλλον ἑαυτῷ περιθήσει: τὸν αὐτὸν οἶμαι τρόπον οἱ τῶν Ἰουδαίων καθηγηταὶ, οὐχ ὅπως τιμῶντα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ ὑπὲρ τούτου φόβῳ δουλαγωγούμενον ἔχοντες τὸν λαὸν, ἀπᾳδόντως δὲ τοῖς θείοις προστάγμασι διοικήσαντες, δικαίως ἂν αὐτοὶ τῆς ἁπάντων ἀπωλείας εὐθύνας ἐκτίσειαν. ὅτι δὲ αὐτοὶ τῆς τῶν λαῶν ἀπωλείας γεγόνασι πρόφασις, μαρτυρήσει λέγων ὁ προφήτης Ἱερεμίας ” Ὅτι οἱ ποιμένες ἠφρονεύσαντο, καὶ τὸν Κύριον οὐκ “ἐξεζήτησαν: διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐνόησε πᾶσα ἡ νομὴ, καὶ ” διεσκορπίσθησαν.“
« Ἤδη δὲ τῆς ἑορτῆς μεσούσης ἀνέβη ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν, καὶ ἐδίδασκεν. » Ἱεροπρεπὴς τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν ἡ διδασκαλία: ποῦ γὰρ δὴ καὶ ἑτέρωθι μᾶλλον ἐχρῆν τὴν θείαν ἀκούεσθαι φωνὴν, εἰ μὴ ἐν τόποις, οἷς τὸ θεῖον ἐνοικεῖν πιστεύηται; πάντα μὲν γὰρ περιέπει Θεὸς, καὶ οὐκ ἂν νοοῖτο τόπῳ περιγραπτὸς, ὅσον δὲ εἰς ἰδίαν φύσιν, παντελῶς τοῖς οὖσιν ἀχώρητος: πρεπωδέστερόν πως χώροις αὐτὸν τοῖς ἁγίοις ἐνοικεῖν ὑποτοπήσομεν, καὶ τὸ δοκοῦν τῇ θείᾳ φύσει ἀκουστὸν ἡμῖν ἐν ἱεροῖς μάλιστα τόποις ἔσεσθαι νομιοῦμεν εὐλογώτατα: ὅπερ δὲ πάλιν ἐν τύπῳ καὶ σκιᾷ τοῖς ἀνωτέρω κατεγράφετο, τοῦτο νῦν εἰς ἀλήθειαν μετασκευάζει Χριστός: φησὶ γὰρ πρὸς Μωυσέα τὸν ἱεροφάντην Θεός ” Καὶ ἐπιθήσεις τὸ “ἱλαστήριον ἐπὶ τὴν κιβωτὸν ἄνωθεν, καὶ εἰς τὴν κιβωτὸν ” ἐμβαλεῖς τὰ μαρτύρια ἃ ἐὰν δῶ σοι: καὶ γνωσθήσομαί “σοι ἐκεῖθεν, καὶ λαλήσω σοι ἄνωθεν τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου ἀνὰ ” μέσον τῶν δύο Χερουβὶμ τῶν ὄντων ἐπὶ τῆς κιβωτοῦ τοῦ “μαρτυρίου, κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν ἐντείλωμαί σοι πρὸς τοὺς ” υἱοὺς Ἰσραήλ.“ ὁ δὲ Κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς ὁ Χριστὸς, μεσούσης ἤδη τῆς ἑορτῆς, καθὰ γέγραπται, ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς τε καὶ ἀνακειμένοις τῷ Θεῷ τόποις παρελθὼν ὡς Θεὸς, ἐκεῖ τοῖς ὄχλοις προσλαλεῖ, καίτοι λεληθότως ἀναβεβηκὼς, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ κατὰ τὴν σκηνὴν ἱλαστηρίου, λεληθότως μὲν ἦν ἡ Θεοῦ κάθοδος, νοουμένη δὲ τότε μόλις, ὅτε τοῦ λαλεῖν ἐνειστήκει καιρός: ἑνὶ δὲ καὶ τότε τῷ μακαρίῳ Μωυσεῖ διελέγετο Θεὸς, ἑτέρῳ μὴ προσλαλῶν: οὕτω καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς, ἓν ἔτι τὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐπαίδευε γένος, ἑνί τε λαῷ προσδιαλέγεται, κοινὴν οὔπω τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἁπλώσας τὴν χάριν. εὖ δὲ δὴ λίαν ὁ μακάριος Εὐαγγελιστὴς, οὐχ ἁπλῶς Εἰσῆλθεν, ἀλλ' ἀνέβη φησὶν εἰς τὸ ἱερόν: ὑψηλὸν γάρ τι χρῆμα καὶ τῆς χαμαιζήλου φαυλότητος πολὺ λίαν ὑπερτεροῦν τὸ εἰς θεῖον εἰσέρχεσθαι παιδευτήριον, καὶ τοῖς ἁγίοις ἐνδιαιτᾶσθαι τόποις: ὁ δὲ τοῦ πράγματος τύπος ἀληθὴς ἐφ' ἡμῶν. Χριστὸς γὰρ ἦν ὁ ἁγιάζων τὸ ἱερὸν, καὶ τύπος ἦν τούτου πάλαι Μωυσῆς, τῷ ἐλαίῳ τῷ ἡγιασμένῳ τὴν σκηνὴν καταχρίων καὶ ἁγιάζων αὐτὴν, καθὰ γέγραπται: καίτοι μᾶλλον ἐχρῆν ἁγιάζεσθαι διὰ τῶν ἁγίων τόπων τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἤπερ ἁγιάζειν αὐτούς: ἀλλ' οὐδεὶς τῶν ἐν τύπῳ τελουμένων ὁ λόγος διὰ τὴν ἀλήθειαν, ἧς δὴ καὶ χάριν τὰ ἐν σκιαῖς ἀνεπλάττετο: καθάπερ οὖν ἔστιν ἰδεῖν καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἁγίων προφητῶν. ὁ μὲν γάρ τις πόρνῃ γυναικὶ καὶ οὐχ ἑκὼν συνοικεῖν ἐκελεύετο, γυμνὸς δὲ βαδίζειν ἕτερος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ πλευρὰν κατακεῖσθαι τὴν δεξιὰν οὐκ ὀλίγον ἡμερῶν ἀριθμόν. ἐπετελεῖτο δὲ ταῦτα διὰ τὰ ἐξ αὐτῶν, καὶ οὐ πάντως δι' ἑαυτά: οὕτω τοιγαροῦν καὶ ὁ μακάριος Μωυσῆς ἁγιάζειν ἐκελεύετο τὴν σκηνὴν, καίτοι μᾶλλον ἁγιάζεσθαι πρὸς αὐτῆς ὀφείλων, ἵνα Χριστὸς νοοῖτο πάλιν ὡς ἐν αὐτῷ τὸν ἴδιον ἁγιάζων ναὸν, καίτοι μετὰ σαρκὸς Ἰουδαίοις συνδιαιτώμενος, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ τοῖς ὄχλοις προσλαλῶν, ὥσπερ οὖν ἐκ τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου πάλαι ὁ Θεός.
« Ἐθαύμαζον οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι λέγοντες Πῶς οὗτος γράμματα οἶδε μὴ μεμαθηκώς; » Οὐκ ἀπηχὲς τῶν Ἰουδαίων τὸ θαῦμα, κεκομψευσμένος δέ πως ἐστὶν ὁ ἐπὶ τούτῳ λόγος: ἦν γὰρ δὴ καὶ εἰκὸς καταπλήττεσθαι βλέποντας καὶ λόγῳ καὶ γνώσει διαπρέποντα ξένως, τὸν ὅτῳ πλουτεῖν ἐκ μαθημάτων οὐκ ἦν. δεκτικὸς μὲν γὰρ σοφίας ὁ ἀνθρώπινος νοῦς, καὶ εἰ μήπω τις ὁρῷτο σοφὸς, ἐπιτηδειοτάτη δὲ λίαν ἡ φύσις πρὸς ἀνάληψιν συνέσεώς τε καὶ ἐπιστήμης τῆς ἐπί τισιν. ἀλλ' ἐν τοῖς οὐ σφόδρα περὶ τὰς ἐν λόγοις ἔχουσι τριβὰς συμμεμυκὸς τρόπον τινὰ καὶ κατηυνασμένον ἐστὶ τὸ ἐν τῇ φύσει χρήσιμον: ἐν δὲ τοῖς εἰωθόσι καὶ διὰ τοιούτων ἔρχεσθαι πόνων, καὶ γυμνάσμασι τοῖς διὰ λόγων ἐντρυφᾶν, λαμπρόν τε λίαν ἐστὶ, καὶ εἰς νῆψιν ἕτοιμον ἀγαθὴν, λόγων δὲ καὶ σοφῶν εὑρημάτων παράθεσιν οὐ μετρίαν ἔχον εὑρίσκεται. καταπλήττονται τοιγαροῦν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, προσέχοντες οὔπω μὲν ὡς Θεῷ κατὰ φύσιν, ἔτι δὲ ὡς ἀνθρώπῳ ψιλῷ τῷ Σωτῆρι Χριστῷ, καὶ ὅτι πλουτεῖ καὶ ἐν σοφίᾳ θαυμάζουσι, τὴν τούτου πρόξενον μάλιστα, τὴν ἐν τοῖς ἀναγνώσμασι γυμνασίαν, οὐκ ἔχων, διὰ τὸ ἀδιδάκτως εἰδέναι γράμματα. οὐκοῦν ἀνοίας Ἰουδαϊκῆς καὶ τοῦτο μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων τὸ κατηγόρημα: ἢ γὰρ ἂν οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς ἐδόκει παράδοξον τὸ μὴ δεῖσθαι γραμμάτων τὴν ἁπάντων τεχνῖτιν σοφίαν, τουτέστι, τὸν Μονογενῆ τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγον, ὃς ἦν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐν ἀνθρώπου διαλανθάνων σχήματι. Ἐπιτηρητέον δὲ πάλιν ἐκεῖνο χρησίμως. ζητοῦντες μὲν γὰρ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέρω λέγουσι ” Ποῦ ἐστιν “ἐκεῖνος;” ὡς ἐκ μόνων εἰδότες αὐτὸν τῶν θαυμάτων: τίς δὲ ἀκριβῶς, ἢ τίνος, ἢ πόθεν οὔπω σαφῶς ἐπιστάμενοι: ἐν δὲ τούτοις οὐχ ὅπως ἠγνοηκότες τι τῶν κατ' αὐτὸν, ἀλλ' ὡς πάντα σαφῶς ἐπιστάμενοι, λέγουσιν, ὅτι καὶ οἶδε γράμματα μὴ μεμαθηκώς. οὐκοῦν ἡ ἐπ' αὐτόν τε ζήτησις παρὰ τῶν ἀγελαίων ἀσημοτέρα, καὶ παρὰ τῶν οὐκ εἰδότων αὐτὸν ἀκριβῶς, τό “Ποῦ ἐστιν ἐκεῖνος” ἀνεφωνεῖτο καταφρονητικῶς: παρὰ δὲ τῶν εἰδότων, τὸ ἕτερον. ἀγριωτέραν οὖν ἄρα τῶν ἐν ἀγνοίαις οἱ μὴ ἀγνοοῦντες ἀποτίσουσι δίκην: τοῖς μὲν γὰρ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι παραίτησις, τοῖς δὲ τὸ εἰδέναι κατάκριμα. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ κρεῖττον εἶναι λέγεταί τισι τὸ μὴ ἐπιγνῶναι τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς ἀληθείας: ἐν γὰρ τῷ εἰδέναι μείζων ἡ κόλασις, ὅτι “φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόθεοι.” ὁ μὲν οὖν Ἰησοῦς, κατὰ τὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐπαπόρησιν, ᾔδει γράμματα μὴ μεμαθηκώς: ἐπαιδεύθη δὲ Μωυσῆς, καθὰ γέγραπται, “πάσῃ τῇ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων σοφίᾳ,” ἀλλ' ὡς οὐδὲν ὅλως εἰδὼς, καίτοι λίαν ὢν ἐν ἐκείνοις σοφὸς, τοῖς θεόθεν λόγοις εἰς ἀμείνονα γνῶσιν ἐπαιδεύετο, ἐλεγχομένης ὡς ἀδρανοῦς δηλονότι τῆς τοῦ κόσμου σοφίας, διὰ τῆς θειοτέρας καὶ κρείττονος, καθ' ἣν ἤτοι δι' ἧς τὰ ἐπὶ Χριστῷ μυσταγωγούμεθα, τὴν ἄνωθεν ὄντως καὶ παρὰ Θεοῦ κομιζόμεθα σύνεσιν. Χριστὸς οὖν ἄρα τὸ ἐν πᾶσι τελείως ἀγαθὸν, ἓν δὲ τῶν πάντων καὶ ἡ σοφία καὶ ἡ σύνεσις, ἐφ' ᾗ τὸ λαμπρὸν οὐ διδακτῶς, ἀλλ' ἔμφυτον ἔχων νοεῖται. καὶ γοῦν ὁ προφήτης που περὶ αὐτοῦ φησιν Ἡσαΐας “Ὅτι πρὶν ἢ ” γνῶναι τὸ παιδίον καλὸν ἢ κακὸν, ἀπειθεῖ πονηρίᾳ τοῦ “ἐκλέξασθαι τὸ ἀγαθόν.” καὶ οὐ δήπου νομιοῦμεν ἀφραίνοντες, ὡς ἐν διακρίσει λογισμῶν, ἤτοι κατὰ τὴν τοῦ βελτίονος αἵρεσιν τὸ μὲν φαῦλον ἀποτρέπεσθαι τὸ δὴ θεῖόν τε καὶ οὐράνιον γέννημα, προσίεσθαι δὲ μᾶλλον τὸ ἀγαθόν: ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις λέγοι περὶ τοῦ πυρὸς, ὅτι ἀπειθεῖ τῷ ψυχρῷ, τὸ εἶναι ψυχρῶν οὐ καταδεχόμενον, οὐχ αἵρεσιν ἐν αὐτῷ τὴν ἐκ θελημάτων σημαίνει, φύσεως δὲ μᾶλλον ἑδραιοτάτην εἰς τὸ ἴδιον στάσιν: οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ Χριστοῦ. φυσικὰ γὰρ ἐν Θεῷ πάντα τὰ ἀγαθὰ, καὶ οὐκ ἔξωθεν ἐπεισκρίνεται: οὕτω δὲ ἦν ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ ἡ σοφία, μᾶλλον δὲ αὐτὸς ἦν ἡ πηγὴ κυρίως τε καὶ ἰδικῶς σοφία, δι' ἧς τὰ ἐν μεθέξει σοφὰ κατὰ μέρος, οὐράνιά τε καὶ ἐπίγεια λογικὰ κτίσματα.
« Ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Ἡ ἐμὴ διδαχὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὴ, ἀλλὰ τοῦ πέμψαντός με. » Ἀληθὲς ὄντως ὑπάρχον τὸ ὑπό του τῶν σοφῶν ἀναγεγραμμένον εὑρήσομεν “Ὅτι πνεῦμα Κυρίου πεπλήρωκε τὴν ” οἰκουμένην, καὶ οὖς ἀκροάσεως ἐπακροᾶται τὰ πάντα.“ πρὸς δέ γε τοὺς οἰομένους ἀνοήτως κομιδῆ, μᾶλλον δὲ ἤδη καὶ δυσσεβῶς, ὅτι φθεγξάμενοί τι τὸν θεῖον διαλήσονται νοῦν, ὁ θεσπέσιος ψαλμῳδός που φησί ” Σύνετε δὴ ἄφρονες ἐν “τῷ λαῷ, καὶ μωροί ποτε φρονήσατε: ὁ φυτεύσας τὸ οὖς, ” οὐχὶ ἀκούει;“ πῶς γὰρ ὅλως ἂν ἐνδέχοιτο μὴ οὐχὶ πάντως ἀκροάσασθαι τὰ πάντα, τὸν τοῖς δι' αὐτοῦ γενομένοις καὶ τὴν διὰ τῆς ἀκοῆς αἴσθησιν ἐμφυτεύσαντα; βλέπε τοιγαροῦν κἀν τούτῳ πάλιν Θεὸν ὄντα κατὰ φύσιν τὸν Κύριον. τὸ γὰρ ὡς ἐν ὄχλῳ λάθρα διαψιθυρισθὲν παρὰ τῶν Ἰουδαίων οὐκ ἀγνοεῖ: δέχεται δὲ ὥσπερ ἐν ὠσὶ θεοπρεπῶς, κἂν διὰ τὸν φόβον τῶν ἡγουμένων μηδὲν ἐν παῤῥησίᾳ λαλῶσι περὶ αὐτοῦ. ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἅπαξ τεθαυμάκασί τινες τῶν συνδεδραμηκότων ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ καὶ διελογίζοντο κατὰ τὸ εἰκὸς, ἢ καὶ ἀλλήλοις προσελάλουν ἠρέμα ” Πῶς οὗτος γράμματα “οἶδε μὴ μεμαθηκώς;” ἀναγκαίως δὴ πάλιν ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ἀναδείκνυσι τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρὶ, τῷ μαθόντι μὲν τὸ παράπαν οὐδὲν, ἔχοντι δὲ τῶν ὅλων τὴν γνῶσιν φυσικῶς τε καὶ ἀδιδάκτως, διὰ τὸ παντὸς ὑπερκεῖσθαι νοῦ καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἐν τοῖς οὖσιν ὑπερανίπτασθαι φρόνησιν. ἦν μὲν οὖν καὶ ἐξ ἑτέρων τοῦτο δεικνύειν πραγμάτων, καὶ πληροφορεῖν τοὺς ἀκροωμένους, ὡς ὅσα περ ἔνεστι τῷ γεγεννηκότι, ταῦτα καὶ αὐτῷ προσόντα φαίνεται, διὰ ταυτότητα φυσικήν. ὅπερ ἐποίει καὶ ἐν ἑτέροις ἀπὸ τοῦ δύνασθαι ταὐτὰ, καὶ ἀπαράλλακτον ἔχειν τὴν ἐφ' ἅπασιν ἐνέργειαν πρὸς τὸ ἴσον εἰκότως ἀναβαίνων ἀξίωμα “Ἃ γὰρ ἂν ὁ Πατὴρ ποιῇ, φησὶ, ταῦτα ” καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ,“ καὶ πάλιν ” Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὁ “Πατὴρ ἐγείρει τοὺς νεκροὺς καὶ ζωοποιεῖ, οὕτω καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ” οὓς θέλει ζωοποιεῖ.“ Ἀλλ' ἦν πως ἐν τούτοις ἐπικαιρότατόν τε καὶ πρεπωδέστατον, ἐξ ὧν ἔδει μάλιστα ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ἀπόδειξιν. συνέσεως γὰρ πέρι καὶ φιλομαθίας τῆς δίχα γραμμάτων ὁ λόγος ἦν τοῖς ἐκεῖνα διενθυμουμένοις. ἑαυτῷ τοιγαροῦν τοῦτο δεικνύειν ἐνυπάρχον ἐχρῆν, καθάπερ ἀμέλει καὶ τῷ Πατρί. τίς οὖν ὁ τῆς ἀποδείξεως τρόπος; ἀπὸ τοῦ τὴν ἴσην ἔχειν ἐκείνῳ σοφίαν, εἰ καὶ ὅτι μάλιστα κατὰ τὸν ἀληθῆ τε καὶ σώφρονα λογισμὸν, αὐτός ἐστιν ἡ σοφία καὶ ἐκ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς, ᾧ καὶ κατὰ πάντα προσεοικὼς ταυτὰ διδάσκειν ἐκείνῳ φησὶ, κατ' οὐδένα τρόπον ἐξηλλαγμένως. ἢ γὰρ διὰ τὸ εἰς ἄκρον ἐξωμοιῶσθαι τῇ τοῦ Πατρὸς διδαχῇ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ, ταύτην εἶναι τὴν ἐκείνου φησὶν, ἢ διὰ τὸ αὐτὸν εἶναι τὴν σοφίαν τοῦ Πατρὸς, δι' ἧς τὰ πάντα λαλεῖ καὶ νομοθετεῖ, αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν διδαχὴν εἶναι φησίν: ὁμοῦ δέ τι πρὸς τούτῳ καὶ ἕτερον οἰκονομεῖ, πρὸς δὲ τὴν τῶν παιδευομένων σωτηρίαν οὐ μετρίως λυσιτελοῦν. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἄνθρωπον ὁρῶντες, διὰ τὴν ἀπὸ γῆς σάρκα οὐκ ἐδέχοντο τὸν λόγον ὡς παρὰ Θεοῦ, πιθανὴν δέ τινα διὰ τοῦτο νοσεῖν ἐδόκουν τὴν ἀπείθειαν, ἀνατίθησι χρησίμως τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρὶ τὴν διδασκάλιαν, ὁμοῦ καὶ πρᾶγμα λέγων ἀληθὲς, καὶ φόβῳ τοῦ θεομάχους εἶναι δοκεῖν ἀντιτείνοντας ἔτι τοῖς ἄνωθεν ὁρισμοῖς, καταδέχεσθαι πείθων τὰ λεγόμενα. Ἰστέον δὲ ὅτι διὰ τοῦ πάλιν ἀπεστάλθαι λέγειν, οὐκ ἐν δευτέροις τῆς τοῦ Πατρὸς ἀξίας ἑαυτὸν ὄντα δεικνύει: οὐ γὰρ δουλοπρεπῆ νοητέον τὴν ἀποστολὴν, εἰ καὶ ὅτι μάλιστα τὴν τοῦ δούλου μορφὴν ἠμφιεσμένος, ἀνεγκλήτως ἂν λέγοι καὶ ταῦτα περὶ ἑαυτοῦ. ἀπεστάλη δὲ οὕτως ὡς λόγος ἐκ νοῦ, ὡς ἀπαύγασμα τὸ ἡλιακὸν ἐξ αὐτοῦ. ταῦτα γάρ πως ἐστὶ τῶν ἐν οἷς εἰσιν ἐκφαντικὰ, διὰ τοῦ προκύπτειν ἐπὶ τὸ ἔξω δοκεῖν, πλὴν τοῖς ἀφ' ὧν εἰσιν ἐνυπάρχοντα φυσικῶς καὶ ἀδιαστάτως. οὐ γὰρ ἐπειδήπερ ἐξεδόθη λόγος ἐκ νοῦ, καὶ ἀπαύγασμα τυχὸν ἐξ ἡλίου, διὰ τοῦτο χρὴ πάντως οἴεσθαι τῶν ἐκβεβηκότων ὑπάρχειν ἔρημα τὰ γεννήσαντα, μᾶλλον δὲ κἀκεῖνα ἐν τούτοις, καὶ ταῦτα δὲ ἐν ἐκείνοις ἐνυπάρχοντα πάλιν ὀψόμεθα. ἄλογος γὰρ οὐκ ἔσται ποτὲ νοῦς, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ λόγος οὐκ ἔχων τὸν ἐν αὐτῷ μορφωθέντα νοῦν. ἀναλόγως δὲ τούτῳ καὶ τὸ ἕτερον ἐκληψόμεθα.
« Ἐάν τις τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ ποιῇ, γνώσεται περὶ τῆς διδαχῆς, πότερον ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν, ἢ ἐγὼ ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ λαλῶ. » Ἀζητήτως μὲν ἔδει καὶ παντὸς ἐνδοιασμοῦ δίχα τοὺς τῆς ἀληθείας παραδέξασθαι λόγους, καὶ τὸ ἅπαξ εἰρημένον, μὴ ἑτέρως ἔχειν δύνασθαι πιστεύειν, ἢ ὥσπερ ἂν εἶναι διωρίσατο. πλὴν οὐκ ἀναπόδεικτον ἐᾷ διὰ τοὺς ἀπειθοῦντας τὸ λεγόμενον, ἐναργεστάτην δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ σαφῆ λίαν ἐπάγει τὴν λύσιν, τέχνῃ πολλῇ κεράσας τοῦ λόγου τὸ σχῆμα. καὶ τίς ἡ τέχνη, τίς δὲ τῆς οἰκονομίας ὁ λόγος, ἐροῦμεν πάλιν. ἐζήτουν αὐτὸν ἀποκτεῖναι διὰ τὸν πάρετον, τὸν ἐν τῷ σαββάτῳ θεραπευθέντα φημί. ὁμοῦ τοιγαροῦν ἠρέμα καὶ ὑποπλήττει διανοουμένους ἤδη κατ' αὐτοῦ τὸ δεινὸν, καὶ τὴν ἐπ' αὐτῷ μιαιφονίαν ὠδίνοντας διελέγχει σαφῶς, ὡς ἐπιθυμεῖν ἑλομένους πληροῦσθαι τὸ αὐτοῖς μᾶλλον ἤπερ τὸ τῷ νομοθέτῃ δοκοῦν. εἴσεσθε γὰρ τότε δὴ μάλιστα, φησὶ, τὴν παρ' ἐμοῦ διδαχὴν, ὅτι τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρός ἐστιν, ἐπὰν βούλοισθε τοῖς ἐκείνου μᾶλλον ἤπερ τοῖς οἰκείοις ἀκολουθῆσαι θελήμασι. θέλημα δὲ τοῦ νομοθέτου καὶ Θεοῦ, τὸ μιαιφονίας ἐξίστασθαι παντελῶς. τότε γὰρ τότε, φησὶν, οὐκ ἀδίκῳ μίσει προκατειλημμένοι, οὐδὲ τρόπῳ θηριοπρεπεῖ πρὸς οὐκ εὐκαίρους ὀργὰς ἐξωθούμενοι, διαγνώσεσθε σαφῶς, πότερον ἐκ Θεοῦ ἐστιν ὁ τῆς ἐμῆς διδαχῆς λόγος, ἢ ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ λαλῶ. οὐκοῦν τῷ χρησίμῳ συναναπλέξας τὸν ἔλεγχον, καταιτιᾶται δικαίως, ὡς οὐκ εὐλόγως ἐπισκώπτοντας οἷσπερ ἂν φαίη διδάσκων, συνευδοκοῦντος αὐτῷ καὶ συνεθέλοντος τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρὸς, ἢ καὶ ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἀληθὲς, συνδιδάσκοντός τε καὶ συνεξηγουμένου. τίθησι δὲ τό Ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἰδιαζόντως, καὶ ἀποκεκομμένως κατὰ τὸ παντελὲς τοῦ κατὰ τὴν συνεθέλησιν καὶ ταυτοβουλίαν τοῦ Πατρός. καὶ οὐ δήπου τις οἰήσεται, τὰ εἰκότα φρονῶν, τῶν οἰκείων ῥημάτων αὐτὸν ὡς κιβδήλων κατηγορεῖν, ἀλλ' ὡς ἑτέρως οὐκ ἂν ἐσομένων πώποτε, εἰ μὴ κατὰ θέλησιν τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρὸς, τὰ τοιαῦτά φησι. λαλεῖ γὰρ ὡς διὰ Λόγου καὶ σοφίας ἰδίας τοῦ ἰδίου γεννήματος: λαλεῖ δὲ πάντως οὐκ ἀπᾳδόντως ἑαυτῷ: πῶς γὰρ ἐνδέχεται;
« Ὁ ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ λαλῶν τὴν δόξαν τὴν ἰδίαν ζητεῖ. » Σημεῖον τοῦτο τίθησιν ἐναργὲς τοῦ μὴ παντελῶς ἑαυτῷ τὴν ἐκ τοῦ διδάσκειν πραγματεύεσθαι δόξαν, τὸ μὴ ξένοις τισὶ καὶ ἀλλοτρίοις τοῦ νόμου προσχρῆσθαι λόγοις: τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν τὸ λαλεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ: καταπείθεσθαι δὲ μᾶλλον τοῖς ἤδη προτεθεσπισμένοις συμβουλεύειν αὐτοῖς, μόνην τοῦ γράμματος τὴν ἀνωφελῆ καὶ παχεῖαν ἀφιστῶντα σκιὰν, μετασκευάζοντά τε πιθανῶς εἰς πνευματικὴν θεωρίαν τὰ ἐν τύποις ἔτι λανθάνοντα: ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ἐν τῷ κατὰ Ματθαῖον Εὐαγγελίῳ φησίν ” Οὐκ ἦλθον καταλῦσαι τὸν νόμον, ἀλλὰ “πληρῶσαι.” τοῦτο πάλιν ἐνθάδε πλαγίως ὑποδηλοῖ: μόνην ἔχει τοῦ γράμματος μεταμόρφωσιν εἰς ἀλήθειαν ἡ εὐαγγελικὴ πολιτεία, καὶ Μωυσαϊκόν τι μετασκευάσας τύπον ἐπὶ τὸ πρεπωδέστερον, ἔχει τῆς ἐν πνεύματι λατρείας τὴν εἴδησιν. λαλεῖ τοιγαροῦν καὶ οὐκ ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ Χριστός: τουτέστι, ξένον οὐδὲν τῶν ἤδη προδιηγγελμένων. οὐ γὰρ ἀποπέμπεται Μωυσέα, οὐδὲ τὴν ἐν νόμῳ παραιτεῖσθαι διδάσκει παίδευσιν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἐν τύπῳ σκιαγραφουμένοις, καθάπερ τι χρῶμα περιφανέστερον, ἐπαλείφειν τὴν ἀλήθειαν. εὐμεταχειρίστως δὲ σφόδρα τὰς τῶν Ἰουδαίων εὐνοίας ἐξωνούμενος, ἀνατίθησι τῷ Θεῷ τε καὶ Πατρὶ τιμήν τε καὶ δόξαν. ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐκ εἰδότες Ἰουδαῖοι τὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς πεφηνότα Λόγον, παρὰ μόνου τοῦ Πατρὸς ᾤοντο δεδόσθαι τὸν νόμον, εἰκότως αὐτὸν καὶ δοξάζεσθαι μὲν σωζομένου τοῦ νόμου διισχυρίζετο, καὶ τὸ ἐναντίον ὑπομένειν, εἰ μὴ φυλάττοιτο κατὰ λόγον. ἀλλ' εἰ καὶ τῆς δόξης τοῦ Πατρὸς κοινωνός ἐστιν ὁ Υἱὸς, καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ πρὸς Μωυσέα λελάληκεν ὁ Θεὸς καὶ Πατὴρ, ὅμως ταῖς ἐκείνων ὑπονοίαις οἰκονομικῶς συναινεῖ: ἐν δὲ τῷ μηδὲν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ λαλεῖν, ὃ μὴ τῷ νόμῳ δοκεῖ, οὐ πάντως τὴν ἰδίαν ἐπείγεσθαι δόξαν οἰκοδομεῖν ὁμολογεῖ, ἀλλὰ τὴν τῷ νόμῳ χρεωστουμένην. Πρὸς δέ γε τούτῳ, κἀκεῖνο θεωρητέον. πλαγίως γὰρ ἔτι καὶ ἐπεσκιασμένως ὑποπλήττει τοὺς Ἰουδαίους, περιπίπτοντας μὲν οἷς ἐγκαλοῦσιν ἀμαθῶς, ἑαυτοῖς δὲ μᾶλλον, ἤπερ τῷ πάντων δεσπότῃ Θεῷ τὴν δόξαν ἁρπάζειν κατειθισμένους, καὶ ὅπως, ἐρῶ. ἀποκλίνοντες γὰρ τῶν τοῦ νόμου διαταγμάτων, ἐπὶ τὸ δοκοῦν ἕκαστοι κατεφέροντο, “διδάσκοντες,” καθὰ γέγραπται, “διδασκαλίας ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων.” ἐπὶ τούτῳ πάλιν εὐφυῶς παρανομοῦντας ἐλέγχει Χριστὸς, καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν πλημμελοῦντας τὸν νομοθέτην, δι' ὧν οὐ τοῖς ἐκείνου διαζῆν ὁρισμοῖς, προσκεῖσθαι δὲ μᾶλλον ταῖς παρ' αὐτῶν διδασκαλίαις τοὺς ἀκροωμένους ἀνέπειθον. οὐκοῦν, κἂν ἀδιορίστως ἔτι καὶ ἀπολελυμένως λέγῃ Χριστός Ὁ ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ λαλῶν τὴν δόξαν τὴν ἰδίαν ζητεῖ, τῆς τῶν Φαρισαίων ἀπονοίας ἐλέγχει τὴν νόσον, ὡς διὰ τοῦ μᾶλλον τὰ οἰκεῖα βούλεσθαι λαλεῖν τὴν τοῦ νομοθέτου κλέπτοντας δόξαν, καὶ περιπλανῶντας εἰς ἑαυτοὺς τὰ τῷ Θεῷ χρεωστούμενα, ἀφυλάκτως τε διὰ τοῦτο λοιπὸν καὶ φονεύειν αὐτὸν ἤδη βουλεύεσθαι. διὰ γάρ τοι τοῦτο μάλιστα παρανομοῦντας ἐλέγχει, πρόφασιν τοῦ λόγου ποιησάμενος οἰκονομικῶς, τὸ τηρεῖν ἐπείγεσθαι τὸν νόμον, διά τε τούτου τιμᾶν τὸν Θεὸν καὶ Πατέρα. ὁ δὲ ζητῶν φησιν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ πέμψαντος αὐτὸν, οὗτος ἀληθής ἐστι, καὶ ἀδικία ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν. ὡς τοῦ μὴ ζητοῦντος τὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ μᾶλλον, ἀλλὰ τὸ οἰκεῖον, οὔτε ὄντος ἀληθοῦς, ἀλλὰ καὶ λίαν ἀδικωτάτου: οὐκ ἔστι μὲν γὰρ ἀληθὴς, ὡς συκοφαντῶν τὸν νόμον καὶ τὸ οἰκεῖον θέλημα παρεισφέρων αὐτῷ: ἀδικώτατος δὲ, ὡς τὸ τοῦ νομοθέτου δίκαιον κρῖμα παρωσάμενος, καὶ ἐν ἀμείνοσι τῶν δεσποτικῶν τὰ οἰκεῖα τιθείς. δίκαιος οὖν ἄρα καὶ ἀληθὴς ὁ Χριστὸς, οὐδενὶ τῶν εἰρημένων ὑποπίπτων ἐγκλήματι.
« Οὐ Μωυσῆς δέδωκεν ὑμῖν τὸν νόμον; καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐξ ὑμῶν ποιεῖ τὸν νόμον: τί με ζητεῖτε ἀποκτεῖναι; » Διὰ πολλῶν εὑρημάτων ἐφ' ἕνα συντρέχει σκοπὸν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ὁ λόγος. πλαγίως μὲν γὰρ ἐν τοῖς προλαβοῦσιν ὑπελέγξας τοὺς Φαρισαίους, ὡς προσῆκεν, οἰομένους, οὐχὶ τοῖς θεόθεν διατεταγμένοις καταπείθεσθαι δεῖν, ἀλλὰ γνώμας εἰσηγεῖσθαι τὰς ἑαυτῶν, θηρᾶσθαι δὲ μᾶλλον ἐπείγεσθαι τὴν παρὰ τῶν ὑπηκόων τιμὴν, καὶ οὐ τῷ πάντων ἀνατιθέντας Δεσπότῃ, ἀλλ' εἰς τὸ σφῶν αὐτῶν περιέλκοντας πρόσωπον, ὡς ἐντεῦθεν ἤδη καὶ παρανομεῖν ἀποτολμᾶν εὐπετέστερον, ἑτέρῳ πάλιν καὶ δριμυτάτῳ χρησάμενος τρόπῳ, γυμνὸν αὐτοῖς ἤδη καὶ ἀκατακάλυπτον ἐξαρτύει τὸν ἔλεγχον. ἐπὶ γὰρ τῇ τοῦ σαββάτου λύσει κρινόμενος, καὶ παρανομίας ἀδικωτάτην ὑπομένων ἐπ' αὐτῷ τὴν γραφὴν, οὐ καθ' ἕνα λοιπὸν πλημμελοῦντας εἰς τὸν νόμον, ἀλλ' ἤδη σύμπαν τὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἔθνος παρ' οὐδὲν ὅτι πεποίηται τὰ Μωυσέως διήλεγξε. λέγετε γάρ μοι, φησὶν, οἱ τὸν ἐλεεῖν ἐν σαββάτῳ προθυμούμενον κατακρίνοντες, οἱ βδελυρωτάτην τὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς εὖ ποιοῦσιν ὁρίζοντες ψῆφον, καὶ τῶν οἰκτιρμόνων ἀνέδην καταδικάζοντες, ἆρ' οὐχὶ διὰ Μωυσέως ὑμῖν, ὃν ἀεὶ θαυμάζετε, τὸ ἐπὶ τῷ μὴ χρῆναι μιαιφονεῖν δέδοται πρόσταγμα; οὐκ ἠκούσατε λέγοντος “Ἀθῷον καὶ δίκαιον οὐκ ἀποκτε” νεῖς;“ τί τοιγαροῦν καὶ τὸν ἑαυτῶν λυπεῖτε Μωυσέα, προχείρως οὕτω τὸν ὁρισθέντα δι' αὐτοῦ παραβαίνοντες νόμον; ἔλεγχος δὲ τούτου καὶ ἀπόδειξις ἐναργὴς, τὸ τὸν μηδὲν ἡμαρτηκότα διώκειν ἐμὲ, καὶ ἀναιρεῖν ἀδίκως ἐπείγεσθαι τὸν οὐδαμόθεν, ὅτι πρέποι τοῦτο παθεῖν αὐτὸ, κατηγορεῖσθαι δυνάμενον. Οὐκοῦν ἐν ἤθει πολλῷ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ὁ λόγος, καὶ πληκτικώτατα μὲν ἐν τούτοις ταῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἀπονοίαις ἐπιπηδᾷ, κατολισθαίνοντας δὲ ὥσπερ ἀχαλίνοις ὁρμαῖς ἐπὶ τὸ καταδικάζειν αὐτοῦ διὰ τὴν τοῦ σαββάτου παράβασιν, παρανομοῦντας ἐπιδεικνύει καὶ μιαιφονεῖν ἑλομένους, διά τε τοῦτο καὶ μόνον, εἰς ἁμαρτίαν τὴν ἁπασῶν καταπίπτειν χείρονα. μόνον δὲ οὐχὶ καὶ βοᾷ Πικρᾷ καὶ ἀνουθετήτῳ περιπεσόντα νόσῳ, καὶ ἀφορήτῳ λοιπὸν ἀῤῥωστίᾳ δαπανώμενον τεθεράπευκα τὸν παράλυτον, ἐν ἡμέρᾳ σαββάτου: ἀλλ' εὖ ποιήσας, ὡς ἐφ' ἅπασι τοῖς αἰσχίστοις ἁλοὺς κατακρίνομαι, καὶ φόνον διὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἐμῆς καθορίζετε κεφαλῆς. ποῖος οὖν ἄρα, φησὶ, τιμωρίας ὑμῖν εὑρεθήσεται τρόπος τῶν τολμημάτων ἐπάξιος; ἰδοὺ γὰρ παραβαίνετε μὲν καὶ αὐτοὶ τὸν νόμον: ὁ δὲ τῆς παραβάσεως λόγος, οὐ τοῖς ἐμοῖς ἐγκλήμασι παραπλήσιος: οὐ γὰρ εὖ ποιοῦντες, ὥσπερ κἀγὼ, τοῦτο δρᾶν ἀναπείθεσθε, ἀλλ' εἰς φόνον ὁρῶντες, τὸν ἁπάσης πλημμελείας χείρονα. ποῦ τοιγαροῦν ἐν τούτοις ὑμῖν ὁ Μωυσῆς, δι' ὃν ἐγὼ, καίτοι διασώζων, κρίνομαι; οὐκ αὐτὸς ὑμῖν τὸν ἐπὶ τούτῳ νόμον ὡρίσατο; μὴ ἄρα δὴ πάλιν, ὡς ἐμὸν πατήσαντες λόγον, παρ' οὐδὲν ποιεῖσθε τὴν παράβασιν φονῶντες ἀδίκως; τοιαῦτα μὲν οὖν πρὸς τοὺς ἀνοσίους Φαρισαίους εἰκότως ἂν λέγοι Χριστός: ἀφίστησι δὲ πρὸς τὸ παρὸν τοῦ οἰκείου προσώπου τὸν νόμον, καίτοι νομοθέτης ὑπάρχων αὐτὸς, μόνῳ δὲ ὥσπερ αὐτὸν ἀνατίθησι τῷ Πατρὶ, δι' ἐκείνου δὴ μάλιστα δυσωπῶν ἀναισχυντοῦντας τοὺς Ἰουδαίους, ὃς εἶναι καὶ μείζων αὐτοῦ παρ' ἐκείνοις ὑπείληπτο. καὶ γὰρ, ὡς πολλάκις εἰρήκαμεν, οὔπω κατὰ φύσιν ὄντα Θεὸν ἐπεγίνωσκον, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τῆς μετὰ σαρκὸς οἰκονομίας ᾔδεσάν πω τὸ βαθὺ μυστήριον, τὴν Μωυσέως δὲ μᾶλλον ἐθαύμαζον δόξαν.
« Ἀπεκρίθη ὁ ὄχλος Δαιμόνιον ἔχεις: τίς σε ζητεῖ ἀποκτεῖναι; ἀπεκρίθη ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς. » Αἰσθάνονται τῶν ἐγκλημάτων, καὶ πικροῖς ἤδη τοῖς ἐντεῦθεν βαλλόμενοι λόγοις, χωροῦσι πρὸς ἄρνησιν, οὐκ αὐτοκυρίως τὸ μιαιφονεῖν παραιτούμενοι, μόνον δὲ τὸ δοκεῖν παραλύειν τὸν νόμον περισπουδάστως ἀποκρουόμενοι: ἐν μόνῃ γὰρ τῇ οἰήσει τῶν Φαρισαίων τὸ καύχημα. διὸ δὴ καὶ τάφους αὐτοὺς κεκονιαμένους ἀπεκάλει Χριστὸς, ἔξωθεν μὲν περικειμένους τῆς ἐκ τεχνῶν ἐπινοίας τὴν ὡραιότητα, γέμοντας δὲ κατὰ τὸ ἔσω τῆς νεκρῶν ἀκαθαρσίας. οἶμαι δὲ ὅτι καὶ τὸν ἐπὶ τῷ προσδοκῆσαί τι παθεῖν ἀφιστῶντες φόβον τὰ τοιαῦτά φασιν, οὐ τὸ θαρσεῖν ἀληθῶς ὡς οὐ πείσεται διδόντες αὐτῷ, ἀλλ' εἰς ἐπικίνδυνον ἐξέλκοντες παῤῥησίαν, καὶ τὸ μὴ ἐπείγεσθαι διαλανθάνειν αὐτοὺς ἀναπείθειν οἰόμενοι. τότε γὰρ ἦν δύνασθαι χαλεπὸν οὐδὲν ἐπιβουλεύειν αὐτῷ, κατά γε τὴν οὖσαν ἐν ἐκείνοις ὑπόνοιαν: ᾤοντο γὰρ ἀμαθῶς οὐκ εἰδότες τὸν διωκόμενον, ὅτι ταῖς παρ' αὐτῶν δυστροπίαις ὑποκείσεται, κἂν μὴ βούληται παθεῖν, ἁλώσεται δὲ καθ' ἕνα τῶν οὐκ εἰδότων τὸν ἐν ταῖς διανοίαις αὐτῶν διαλανθάνοντα λογισμόν. καρπὸς τοιγαροῦν δυστροπίας ἡ ἄρνησις, καὶ δυσσεβείας τῆς εἰς Χριστὸν ἕτερος τρόπος: δι' ὧν γὰρ ἐπιχειροῦσιν, ὡς οὐκ ὂν ἀληθὲς ἀποκρούεσθαι τὸ παρ' αὐτοῦ λελεγμένον, ὡς ψευσάμενον κατακρίνουσι, προστιθέντες ” ἀνομίαν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀνομίαν αὐτῶν,“ καθὰ γέγραπται.
« Ἓν ἔργον ἐποίησα, καὶ πάντες θαυμάζετε; » Ἀναγνωσόμεθα μὲν τὸ προκείμενον, ὡς ἐν ἐρωτήσει, καθ' ὑποστιγμὴν καὶ τελείαν. πλὴν τὴν ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τέχνην οὐκ ἀγνοήσομεν, σοφωτάτην ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὴν οἰκονομίαν ὠδίνοντι. ἐπιτήρει γὰρ ὅπως τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ παρειμένῳ γεγενημένην φιλανθρωπίαν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις ἐξηγούμενος, οὐκ ἀφυλάκτως φησί Τεθεράπευκα τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐν σαββάτῳ, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο θαυμάζετε; ὑφειμένως δὲ μᾶλλον καὶ πολὺ λίαν εὐπεριστόλως Ἓν ἔργον ἐποίησα λέγει, τὴν ἐκ τοῦ πλήθους ἄκαιρον τιθασεύων ὀργήν: καὶ γὰρ ἦν οὐκ ἀπεικὸς διὰ τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ σαββάτῳ δηχθέντας παράβασιν, καταλιθοῦν ἤδη πειρᾶσθαι τὸν Ἰησοῦν. ἀκριτόβουλον γάρ πως, κατὰ τοὺς παρ' Ἕλλησι ποιητὰς, καὶ πρόχειρον εἰς ὀργὴν ἀεὶ τὸ πλῆθός ἐστι, καὶ λειοτάτῃ συμπνοίᾳ τῇ πρὸς ὅπερ ἂν βούλοιτο κεχρημένον, καὶ εἰς ἀκάθεκτον θράσος εὐκόλως ἀποταυρούμενον, γοργότερον δέ πως ἤπερ ἐχρῆν εἰς τὰς ἐπὶ τοῖς δεινοῖς ἁλίσκεται τόλμας. ἀποστήσας τοιγαροῦν τὸν ἐπὶ τῷ πράγματι κόμπον διὰ τὸ χρήσιμον, πραοτάτοις μὲν προσχρῆται λόγοις, ἐπιεικῶς δὲ σφόδρα φησίν Ἓν ἔργον ἐποίησα, καὶ πάντες θαυμάζετε; ἐφ' ἑνὶ, φησὶ, τούτῳ, καίτοι γεγονότι διὰ τὴν τοῦ κειμένου σωτηρίαν καὶ ζωὴν, ὡς ἐπ' ἐκτόποις ὄντως τολμήμασι κατακρίνετε τὸν μεγαλουργὸν, καὶ εἰς μόνην ὁρῶντες τὴν τοῦ σαββάτου τιμὴν, οὐ τῷ παραδόξῳ τὸ θαῦμα χαρίζεσθε: τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν ὄντως τὸ πρεπωδέστερον: ἀλλ' ὅτι λέλυταί πως κατὰ τὴν ἐνοῦσαν ὑμῖν ὑπόνοιαν ἀμαθῆ παράγγελμα νομικὸν, οὐκ ἐπὶ μικροῖς τισιν, ἢ καὶ οὐδενὸς ἀξίοις, ἀλλ' ἐπ' ἀνθρώπου σωτηρίᾳ καὶ ζωῇ, παραλόγως ἠγάσθητε, δέον ἐπαίνους μᾶλλον ἀπονέμειν αὐτῷ τῷ τὴν οὕτω μεγάλην καὶ θεοπρεπῆ κατημφιεσμένῳ δύναμιν. ἀπαίδευτος τοιγαροῦν καὶ διὰ τούτων ὁ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐλέγχεται δῆμος, ἐφ' οἷς οὐ προσῆκε τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ τεθεραπευμένῳ δαπανήσας κατάπληξιν, καὶ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον αὐτὴν ἀναθεὶς τῷ παραδόξως διασώζοντι Χριστῷ. ἰστέον δὲ ὅτι τοῖς ἐξ Ἰσραὴλ προσδιαλεγόμενος καὶ λέγων Ἓν ἔργον ἐποίησα καὶ πάντες θαυμάζετε, πλαγίως ὑπελέγχει πάλιν, καὶ τοιοῦτόν τι παραδηλοῖ. ἐφ' ἑνὶ γὰρ τούτῳ, φησὶ, τῷ καθ' ὑμᾶς πλημμελήματι τὴν ἐμὴν ἀποθαυμάζετε γνώμην, ὡς τῷ νομοθέτῃ προσκρούειν ἀποτολμήσαντος: εἶτα πῶς οἴεσθε διακεῖσθαι Θεὸν, οὐ καθάπαξ αὐτοὶ λυποῦντες τὸν νόμον, ἀλλ' ὡς οὐδὲν παραβαίνοντες, τὰ ἐφ' οἷς ἑτέρους κρίνετε;
« Διὰ τοῦτο Μωυσῆς δέδωκεν ὑμῖν τὴν περιτομὴν, οὐχ ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ Μωυσέως ἐστὶν, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῶν πατέρων, καὶ ἐν σαββάτῳ περιτέμνετε ἄνθρωπον. » Βαθὺς μὲν ὁ λόγος καὶ δυσέφικτόν πως ἐστὶ τὸ ἐπὶ τῷ προκειμένῳ θεώρημα, πλὴν ἔσται καταφανὲς διὰ τὴν τοῦ φωτίζοντος χάριν. διὰ πολλῶν τοιγαροῦν κατασοφιζόμενος λόγων τὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἀπαιδευσίαν, καὶ διδάσκων πολυτρόπως, ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ σαββάτου λύσει πρὸς ἀκαίρους ὀργὰς ὅτι μὴ προσῆκεν ἀποδημεῖν, διὰ τὸ κύριον εἶναι τοῦ σαββάτου τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου: λοιπὸν ὀνήσας οὐδὲν διὰ τὴν τῶν ἀκροωμένων κακοβουλίαν, ἐφ' ἕτερον οἰκονομίας διαβαίνει τρόπον, καὶ πειρᾶται δεικνύειν ἤδη σαφῶς αὐτὸν τὸν ἱεροφάντην Μωυσέα τὸν τοῦ νόμου διάκονον, τὸν ἐπὶ τῷ σαββάτῳ παραλύοντα νόμον διὰ τὴν περιτομὴν, τὴν ἐκ τῆς τῶν πατέρων συνηθείας μέχρι καὶ τῶν αὐτοῦ διήκουσαν χρόνων, ἵνα λοιπὸν εὐλόγως φαίνηται καὶ αὐτὸς πατρῷον ὥσπερ ἀποσώζων ἔθος, καὶ ἐπείπερ ἐν σαββάτῳ Θεὸς ἐργάζεται, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἑαυτὸν ἐνεργὸν ἐπιδεικνὺς, οὐδὲν ἡγούμενον τοῦ σαββάτου τὴν παράβασιν, διὰ τὸ συμφρονεῖν ἀεὶ τῷ γεννήσαντι. διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ ἔφασκεν ” Ὁ Πατήρ μου “ἕως ἄρτι ἐργάζεται, κἀγὼ ἐργάζομαι.” ἵνα τοίνυν μὴ ἐμὲ, φησὶν, ἐνεργοῦντά τι κατὰ τὸ σάββατον βλέποντες, ὡς ἐπὶ ξένῳ καὶ παραλογωτάτῳ θαυμάζητε πράγματι, δέδωκεν ὑμῖν ὁ Μωυσῆς τὴν περιτομὴν ἐν σαββάτῳ, καὶ φθάσας ἐκεῖνος τὸν ἐπ' αὐτῷ παρέλυσε νόμον. καὶ διὰ ποίαν αἰτίαν; οὐκ ἐνόμιζε πράττειν ὀρθῶς, τὸν τοῖς πατράσι διορισθέντα νόμον καὶ τὸ ἐξ ἐκείνων ἔθος ἀτιμάζων διὰ τὸ σάββατον. διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ ἐν σαββάτῳ περιτέμνεται ἄνθρωπος. εἰ δὲ ὅτι προσήκοι τιμᾶν τὸ πατρῷον ἔθος ὁ Μωυσῆς ἐλογίζετο, καὶ κρεῖττον αὐτὸ τῆς εἰς τὸ σάββατον ἐτίθει τιμῆς, τί τεθορύβησθε μάτην ἐπ' ἐμοὶ, καὶ ὥσπερ τινὰ τῶν παρανομεῖν ἀφυλάκτως εἰωθότων, ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ νόμου καταφρονήσει θαυμάζετε; καίτοι τῷ γεγεννηκότι, φησὶ, τὰ ἴσα μὲν δρῶ, συμφρονῶ δὲ ἀεὶ πρὸς πᾶν τὸ δοκοῦν, καὶ ἐπείπερ ἐνεργής ἐστιν ἐν σαββάτῳ, τὸ ἀργεῖν ἐν αὐτῷ παραιτοῦμαι καλῶς. δεδωκέναι γεμὴν τὴν περιτομὴν τὸν Μωυσέα διισχυρίζεται, καίτοι μὴ οὖσαν ἐξ αὐτοῦ κατὰ τὸ ἀρτίως εἰρημένον, ἀλλ' ἐκ τῶν πατέρων: διὰ τὸ δεδόσθαι μὲν τοῖς πατράσι τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ περιτέμνεσθαι δεῖν ἐντολήν: λεπτότερον δέ πως καὶ ἀκριβέστερον τὰ ἐπ' αὐτῇ διωρίσθαι διὰ Μωυσέως. περιετμήθη μὲν γὰρ ὁ προπάτωρ Ἁβραὰμ, ἀλλ' οὐκ ὀκταήμερος, οὐδὲ ζεῦγος ἐπ' αὐτῷ τρυγόνων ἢ περιστερῶν ξυνωρὶς εἰς θυσίαν ἀνέβη, κατὰ τὴν Μωυσέως διάταξιν.