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we know that all things are governed, but by Him alone, and we have learned a holy law, but we have as lawgiver the true God, who also teaches us to act justly and to be pious and to do good. And concerning piety He says: "You shall have no other gods besides Me. You shall not make for yourself an idol, nor any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the waters under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I am the Lord your God." And concerning doing good He said: "Honor your father and your mother, that it may be well with you and that you may live long on the land, which the Lord your God is giving you." Again concerning justice: "You shall not commit adultery, you shall not murder, you shall not steal, you shall not bear false witness against your neighbor, you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, you shall not covet his house nor his field, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor any of his cattle, nor anything that is your neighbor's. You shall not pervert the judgment of a poor man in his cause, you shall keep far from every unjust matter, you shall not kill the innocent and righteous, you shall not acquit the wicked, and you shall take no bribe; for a bribe blinds the eyes of the seeing and perverts the words of the righteous." Of this divine law, then, Moses became the minister, who was also the servant of God, to the whole world indeed, but completely to the Hebrews, who are also called Jews, whom the king of Egypt had enslaved from the beginning, they being the righteous seed of God-fearing and holy men, Abraham and Isaac and Jacob. whom God remembered, and having performed wonderful and extraordinary signs through Moses, He delivered them, and led them out of Egypt, leading them through the so-called wilderness. Whom He also restored to the land of Canaan, afterwards called Judea, and He set before them a law and taught them these things. Now of the great and wonderful law, which exists for all righteousness, the ten commandments which we have mentioned before, are of this kind. Since, therefore, they became sojourners in the land of Egypt, being Hebrews by race from the land of the Chaldeans (at that time, a famine having occurred, they were compelled to go to Egypt since grain was sold there, where they also sojourned for a time; and these things happened to them according to the foretelling of God), having sojourned, then, in Egypt for four hundred and thirty years, when Moses was about to lead them out into the wilderness, God taught them through the law, saying: "You shall not oppress a sojourner; for you know the heart of a sojourner, for you yourselves were sojourners in the land of Egypt." The law, then, which was given to them by God, when the people transgressed it, God, being good and merciful, not wishing to destroy them, in addition to having given the law, later also sent them prophets from among their brethren, to teach them and remind them of the things of the law and

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πάντα διοικεῖσθαι ἐπιστάμεθα, ἀλλ' ὑπ' αὐτοῦ μόνου, καὶ νόμον ἅγιον μεμαθήκαμεν, ἀλλὰ νομοθέτην ἔχομεν τὸν ὄντως θεόν, ὃς καὶ διδάσκει ἡμᾶς δικαιοπραγεῖν καὶ εὐσεβεῖν καὶ καλοποιεῖν. Καὶ περὶ μὲν εὐσεβείας λέγει· Ὅὐκ ἔσονταί σοι θεοὶ ἕτεροι πλὴν ἐμοῦ. οὐ ποιήσεις σεαυτῷ εἴδωλον οὐδὲ παντὸς ὁμοίωμα ὅσα ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἄνω ἢ ὅσα ἐν τῇ γῇ κάτω ἢ ὅσα ἐν τοῖς ὕδασιν ὑποκάτω τῆς γῆς. οὐ προσκυνήσεις αὐτοῖς, οὐδὲ μὴ λατρεύσεις αὐτοῖς· ἐγὼ γάρ εἰμι κύριος ὁ θεός σου." Περὶ δὲ τοῦ καλοποιεῖν ἔφη· "Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα σου, ἵνα εὖ σοι γένηται καὶ ἵαν μακροχρόνιος ἔσῃ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἧς ἐγὼ δίδωμί σοι κύριος ὁ θεός." Ἔτι περὶ δικαιοσύνης· Ὅὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ κλέψεις, οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις κατὰ τοῦ πλησίον σου μαρτυρίαν ψευδῆ, οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον σου, οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν οἰκίαν αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ τὸν ἀγρὸν αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ τὸν παῖδα αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ τὴν παιδίσκην αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ τοῦ βοὸς αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ τοῦ ὑποζυγίου αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ παντὸς κτήνους αὐτοῦ, οὔτε ὅσα ἐστὶν τῷ πλησίον σου. οὐ δια- στρέψεις κρῖμα πένητος ἐν κρίσει αὐτοῦ, ἀπὸ παντὸς ·ήματος ἀδίκου διαποστήσει, ἀθῷον καὶ δίκαιον οὐκ ἀποκτενεῖς, οὐ δικαιώσεις τὸν ἀσεβῆ καὶ δῶρα οὐ λήψῃ· τὰ γὰρ δῶρα ἀποτυφλοῖ ὀφθαλμοὺς βλεπόντων καὶ λυμαίνεται ·ήματα δίκαια." Τούτου μὲν οὖν τοῦ θείου νόμου διάκονος γεγένηται Μωσῆς, ὁ καὶ θεράπων τοῦ θεοῦ, παντὶ μὲν τῷ κόσμῳ, παντελῶς δὲ τοῖς Ἑβραίοις, τοῖς καὶ Ἰουδαίοις καλουμένοις, οὓς κατεδουλώσατο ἀρχῆθεν βασιλεὺς Aἰγύπτου, τυγχάνοντας σπέρμα δίκαιον ἀνδρῶν θεοσεβῶν καὶ ὁσίων, Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Ἰακώβ· ὧν ὁ θεὸς μνησθεὶς καὶ ποιήσας θαυμάσια καὶ τέρατα διὰ Μωσέως παράδοξα ἐρρύσατο αὐτούς, καὶ ἐξήγαγεν ἐκ τῆς Aἰγύπτου, ἀγαγὼν αὐτοὺς διὰ τῆς ἐρήμου καλουμένης· οὓς καὶ ἀπεκατέστησεν εἰς τὴν Χανα- ναίαν γῆν, μετέπειτα δὲ Ἰουδαίαν ἐπικληθεῖσαν, καὶ νόμον παρέθετο καὶ ἐδίδαξεν αὐτοὺς ταῦτα. τοῦ μὲν οὖν νόμου μεγάλου καὶ θαυ- μασίου πρὸς πᾶσαν δικαιοσύνην ὑπάρχοντος δέκα κεφάλαια ἃ προειρήκαμεν, τοιαῦτά ἐστιν. Ἐπειδὴ οὖν προσήλυτοι ἐγενήθησαν ἐν γῇ Aἰγύπτῳ ὄντες τὸ γένος Ἑβραῖοι ἀπὸ γῆς τῆς Χαλδαϊκῆς (κατ' ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ λιμοῦ γενομένης ἀνάγκην ἔσχον μετελθεῖν εἰς Aἴγυπτον σιτίων ἐκεῖ πιπρασκομένων, ἔνθα καὶ χρόνῳ παρῴκησαν· ταῦτα δὲ αὐτοῖς συνέβη κατὰ προαναφώνησιν θεοῦ), παροικήσαντες οὖν ἐν Aἰγύπτῳ ἔτεσι τετρακοσίοις καὶ τριάκοντα, ἐν τῷ τὸν Μωσῆν μέλλειν ἐξάγειν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν ἔρημον ὁ θεὸς ἐδίδαξεν αὐτοὺς διὰ τοῦ νόμου λέγων· "Προσήλυτον οὐ θλίψετε· ὑμεῖς γὰρ οἴδατε τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ προσηλύ- του· αὐτοὶ γὰρ προσήλυτοι ἦτε ἐν τῇ γῇ Aἰγύπτῳ." Τὸν μὲν οὖν νόμον, τὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ δεδομένον αὐτοῖς, ἐν τῷ παραβῆναι τὸν λαόν, ἀγαθὸς ὢν καὶ οἰκτίρμων ὁ θεός, μὴ βουλόμενος διαφθεῖραι αὐτούς, πρὸς τῷ δεδωκέναι τὸν νόμον ὕστερον καὶ προφήτας ἐξέπεμψεν αὐτοῖς ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν αὐτῶν, πρὸς τὸ διδάσκειν καὶ ἀναμιμνήσκειν τὰ τοῦ νόμου αὐτοὺς καὶ