§38. The Unity of God shewn by the Harmony of the order of Nature.

Since then, there is everywhere not disorder but order, proportion and not disproportion, not disarray but arrangement, and that in an order perfectly harmonious, we needs must infer and be led to perceive the Master that put together and compacted all things, and produced harmony in them. For though He be not seen with the eyes, yet from the order and harmony of things contrary it is possible to perceive their Ruler, Arranger, and King. 2. For in like manner as if we saw a city, consisting of many and diverse people, great and small, rich and poor, old and young, male and female, in an orderly condition, and its inhabitants, while different from one another, yet at unity among themselves, and not the rich set against the poor, the great against the small, nor the young against the old, but all at peace in the enjoyment of equal rights,—if we saw this, the inference surely follows that the presence of a ruler enforces concord, even if we do not see him; (for disorder is a sign of absence of rule, while order shews the governing authority: for when we see the mutual harmony of the members in the body, that the eye does not strive with the hearing, nor is the hand at variance with the foot, but that each accomplishes its service without variance, we perceive from this that certainly there is a soul in the body that governs these members, though we see it not); so in the order and harmony of the Universe, we needs must perceive God the governor of it all, and that He is one and not many. 3. So then this order of its arrangement, and the concordant harmony of all things, shews that the Word, its Ruler and Governor, is not many, but One. For if there were more than one Ruler of Creation, such an universal order would not be maintained, but all things would fall into confusion because of their plurality, each one biasing the whole to his own will, and striving with the other. For just as we said that polytheism was atheism, so it follows that the rule of more than one is the rule of none. For each one would cancel the rule of the other, and none would appear ruler, but there would be anarchy everywhere. But where no ruler is, there disorder follows of course. 4. And conversely, the single order and concord of the many and diverse shews that the ruler too is one. For just as though one were to hear from a distance a lyre, composed of many diverse strings, and marvel at the concord of its symphony, in that its sound is composed neither of low notes exclusively, nor high nor intermediate only, but all combine their sounds in equal balance,—and would not fail to perceive from this that the lyre was not playing itself, nor even being struck by more persons than one, but that there was one musician, even if he did not see him, who by his skill combined the sound of each string into the tuneful symphony; so, the order of the whole universe being perfectly harmonious, and there being no strife of the higher against the lower or the lower against the higher, and all things making up one order, it is consistent to think that the Ruler and King of all Creation is one and not many, Who by His own light illumines and gives movement to all.

38 Ἐπεὶ οὖν οὐκ ἀταξία ἀλλὰ τάξις ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ παντί, καὶ οὐκ ἀμετρία ἀλλὰ συμμετρία, καὶ οὐκ ἀκοσμία ἀλλὰ κόσμος καὶ κόσμου παναρμόνιος σύνταξις, ἀνάγκη λογίζεσθαι καὶ λαμβάνειν ἔννοιαν τοῦ ταῦτα συναγαγόντος καὶ συσφίγξαντος, καὶ συμφωνίαν ἐργαζο μένου πρὸς αὐτὰ ∆εσπότου. κἂν γὰρ μὴ τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ὁρᾶται, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ τῆς τάξεως καὶ συμφωνίας τῶν ἐναντίων, ἐννοεῖν ἐστι τὸν τούτων ἄρχοντα καὶ κοσμήτορα καὶ βασιλέα. ὥσπερ γὰρ πόλιν ἐκ πολλῶν καὶ διαφόρων ἀνθρώπων συνεστῶσαν, μικρῶν καὶ μεγάλων, καὶ πλουσίων αὖ καὶ πενήτων, καὶ πάλιν γερόντων καὶ νεωτέρων, καὶ ἀρρένων καὶ θηλέων, εἰ θεωρήσαιμεν εὐτάκτως οἰκουμένην, καὶ τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ διαφόρους μὲν ὄντας, ὁμονοοῦντας δὲ πρὸς ἑαυτούς, καὶ μήτε τοὺς πλουσίους κατὰ τῶν πενήτων, μήτε τοὺς μεγάλους κατὰ τῶν μικρῶν, μήτε τοὺς νέους κατὰ τῶν γερόντων γιγνομένους, ἀλλὰ πάντας κατὰ τὴν ἰσομοιρίαν εἰρηνεύοντας· εἰ ταῦτα βλέποιμεν, πάντως ἐννοοῦμεν, ὅτι ἄρχοντος παρουσία τὴν ὁμόνοιαν πρυτανεύει, κἂν μὴ ὁρῶμεν αὐτόν. ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἀταξία ἀναρχίας ἐστὶ γνώρισμα· ἡ δὲ τάξις τὸν ἡγεμονεύοντα δείκνυσι. καὶ γὰρ καὶ τὴν ἐν τῷ σώματι τῶν μελῶν πρὸς ἑαυτὰ συμφωνίαν ὁρῶντες, ὅτι οὐ μάχεται ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς τῇ ἀκοῇ, οὐδὲ ἡ χεὶρ τῷ ποδὶ στασιάζει, ἀλλ' ἕκαστον τὴν ἰδίαν ἀποτελεῖ χρείαν ἀστασιάστως, ἐννοοῦμεν ἐκ τούτου πάν τως εἶναι ψυχὴν ἐν τῷ σώματι τὴν τούτων ἡγεμονεύουσαν, κἂν μὴ βλέπωμεν αὐτήν. οὕτως ἐν τῇ τοῦ παντὸς τάξει καὶ ἁρμονίᾳ τὸν τοῦ παντὸς ἡγεμόνα νοεῖν ἀνάγκη Θεόν, καὶ τοῦτον ἕνα καὶ οὐ πολλούς. καὶ ἡ τάξις δὲ αὕτη τῆς διακοσμήσεως, καὶ ἡ τῶν πάντων μεθ' ὁμονοίας ἁρμονία, οὐ πολλοὺς ἀλλ' ἕνα τὸν αὐτῆς ἄρχοντα καὶ ἡγεμόνα δείκνυσι Λόγον. οὐκ ἂν γάρ, εἴπερ ἦσαν πολλοὶ τῆς κτίσεως ἄρχοντες, ἐσώζετο τοιαύτη τάξις τῶν πάντων· ἀλλ' ἦν πάλιν ἄτακτα πάντα διὰ τοὺς πολλούς, ἕλκοντος ἑκάστου πρὸς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ βούλησιν τὰ πάντα, καὶ μαχομένου πρὸς τὸν ἕτερον. ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐλέγομεν τὴν πολυθεότητα ἀθεότητα εἶναι, οὕτως ἀνάγκη τὴν πολυαρχίαν ἀναρχίαν εἶναι. ἑκάστου γὰρ τὴν τοῦ ἑτέρου ἀρχὴν ἀναιροῦντος, οὐδεὶς ἐφαίνετο λοιπὸν ὁ ἄρχων, ἀλλ' ἦν ἀναρχία παρὰ πᾶσιν. ἔνθα δὲ μὴ ἔστιν ἄρχων, ἐκεῖ πάντως ἀταξία γίνεται. καὶ ἔμπαλιν ἡ τῶν πολλῶν καὶ διαφόρων μία τάξις καὶ ὁμόνοια ἕνα καὶ τὸν ἄρχοντα δείκνυσι. καθάπερ γὰρ εἴ τις πόρρωθεν ἀκούει λύρας ἐκ πολλῶν καὶ διαφόρων νευρῶν συγκειμένης, καὶ θαυμάζοι τούτων τὴν ἁρμονίαν τῆς συμφωνίας, ὅτι μὴ μόνη ἡ βαρεῖα τὸν ἦχον ἀποτελεῖ, μηδὲ μόνη ἡ ὀξεῖα, μηδὲ μόνη ἡ μέση, ἀλλὰ πᾶσαι κατὰ τὴν ἴσην ἀντίστασιν ἀλλήλαις συνηχοῦσι· καὶ πάντως ἐκ τούτων ἐννοεῖ οὐχ ἑαυτὴν κινεῖν τὴν λύραν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὑπὸ πολλῶν αὐτὴν τύπτεσθαι· ἕνα δὲ εἶναι μουσικὸν τὸν ἑκάστης νευρᾶς ἦχον πρὸς τὴν ἐναρμόνιον συμφωνίαν κεράσαντα τῇ ἐπιστήμῃ, κἂν μὴ τοῦτον βλέπῃ· οὕτω παναρμονίου οὔσης τῆς τάξεως ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ παντί, καὶ μήτε τῶν ἄνω πρὸς τὰ κάτω, μήτε τῶν κάτω πρὸς τὰ ἄνω στασιαζόντων, ἀλλὰ μιᾶς τῶν πάντων ἀποτελουμένης τάξεως, ἕνα καὶ μὴ πολλοὺς νοεῖν ἀκόλουθόν ἐστι τὸν ἄρχοντα καὶ βασιλέα τῆς πάσης κτίσεως, τὸν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ φωτὶ τὰ πάντα καταλάμποντα καὶ κινοῦντα.