40

he placed at his head. See the manliness of the youth; he used the stone for a pillow, and slept on the ground; for this reason he is also deemed worthy of the sight of the Lord. And he says: I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac your father; I have made both the patriarch and your father to be increased to such prominence. Therefore, do not be afraid, but believe that I, who fulfilled the promises to them, will also deem you worthy of my providence. But even now I am with you, protecting you on the way, wherever you may go. Do not think, he says, that you are making the journey alone; you will have me as a fellow traveler, you will have me as a guardian on every road; for I am with you. If, therefore, you wish to make your accomplishments great, do not consider them to be great, but confess that you are saved by grace, so that you may make God a debtor to you, not only for your accomplishments, but 63.620 also for such gratitude. For when we succeed, we have Him as a debtor for our successes only; but when we do not even think we have succeeded, He is a debtor also for this disposition, and more so than for the former. If, then, you wish to be humble, demonstrate this virtue not only in words or in gestures, but also in deeds and in speech; and be not humble to one person, but insolent to another, but be humble to all, whether friend or foe, whether great or small; for this is humility. For it is possible to be humble, yet sharp and wrathful, but there is no benefit; for often, being overcome by anger, he has lost everything. For true humility can especially be learned from this by those who pay attention. When Jesus came to Capernaum, those who collected the two-drachma tax came to Peter and said, "Does your teacher not pay the two-drachma tax?" And see, they did not dare to approach Christ himself, but Peter; and not even to him with much vehemence, but rather gently. For they were not accusing, but asking, saying, "Does your teacher not pay the two-drachma tax?" For they did not yet have the proper opinion of him, but thought of him as a man; nevertheless, they showed some reverence and honor because of the signs that had gone before. What then of Peter? "Yes," he says. And to them he said that he pays, but he did not tell Jesus, perhaps blushing to speak with him about these things. What then does God, who knows all things clearly? He anticipates him and says: "What do you think, Simon? From whom do the kings of the earth collect customs or tribute? From their sons, or from others?" He said, "From others." Jesus says to him: "Then the sons are free." For so that Peter might not think that he was speaking having heard from them, he anticipates him, making this very thing clear, and giving him confidence, who was hesitant to speak about these things first. What he says is this: I am free from paying tribute; for if the kings of the earth do not receive it from their sons, but from their subjects, much more must I be exempt from this demand, being not the son of an earthly king, but of the King of the heavens, and a king myself. And having said these things, he says: "But so that we do not offend them, go to the sea, cast a hook, and take the first fish that comes up, and you will find a stater in it; take that and give it to them for me and for you." See how he does not refuse the tax, nor does he simply command it to be given, but first having shown that he is not liable, he then gives it; the one, that they might not be offended; the other, that these might not be. For he does not give as one who owes, but as one correcting their weakness. And for what reason does he not command it to be given from what was laid up? So that in this also he might show that he is God of all, and that he rules the sea. For it was no small thing to foretell from those depths that the first fish to be caught would pay the tax, and for his command, as if casting a net into that abyss, to bring up the one carrying the stater, and thus make the sea bear gifts, and show its subjection from every side. If, therefore, you wish to show your accomplishment to be great, do not think highly of it, and

40

ἔθηκε πρὸς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ. Ὅρα τοῦ παιδὸς τὴν ἀνδρείαν, τῷ λίθῳ ἀντὶ προσκεφαλαίου ἐχρήσατο, καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐδάφους ἐκάθευδε· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τῆς τοῦ ∆εσπότου ὄψεως καταξιοῦται. Καί φησιν· Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ ὁ Θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ τοῦ πατρός σου· ἐγὼ καὶ τὸν πατριάρχην, καὶ τὸν πατέρα τὸν σὸν εἰς τοσαύτην περιφάνειαν αὐξηθῆναι πεποίηκα. Μὴ τοίνυν φοβοῦ, ἀλλὰ πίστευε ὅτι ἐγὼ ὁ κἀκείνοις τὰς ὑποσχέσεις πληρώσας, καὶ σὲ τῆς ἐμῆς ἀξιώσω προνοίας. Ἀλλὰ καὶ νῦν μετὰ σοῦ εἰμι, διαφυλάττων σε ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, οὗ ἐὰν πορευθῇς. Μὴ νομίσῃς, φησὶ, μόνος τὴν ὁδοιπορίαν ποιεῖσθαι· ἐμὲ ἕξεις συνοδοιπόρον, ἐμὲ ἕξεις φύλακα ἐν πάσῃ ὁδῷ· μετὰ σοῦ γάρ εἰμι. Εἰ τοίνυν βούλει μεγάλα σου ποιῆσαι τὰ κατορθώματα, μὴ νόμιζε αὐτὰ εἶναι μεγάλα, ἀλλὰ χάριτι ὁμολόγει σώζεσθαι, ἵνα ὀφειλέτην ἑαυτῷ τὸν Θεὸν καταστήσῃς, οὐχὶ τῶν κατορθωμάτων μόνον, ἀλλὰ 63.620 καὶ τῆς τοιαύτης εὐγνωμοσύνης. Ὅταν μὲν γὰρ κατορθῶμεν, τῶν κατορθωμάτων ὀφειλέτην ἔχομεν μόνον· ὅταν δὲ μηδὲ ἡγώμεθά τι κατωρθωκέναι, καὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ οὕτω διακεῖσθαι, καὶ μειζόνως ἢ ἐκείνων. Εἰ οὖν ταπεινοφρονεῖν βούλει, μὴ ἐν ῥήμασι μηδὲ ἐν σχήμασι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν πράγμασι καὶ ἐν φθέγμασι τὴν ἀρετὴν ἐπιδείκνυσο· καὶ μὴ πρὸς τοῦτον μὲν ταπεινὸς, πρὸς δὲ ἐκεῖνον θρασὺς, ἀλλὰ πρὸς πάντας ἔσο ταπεινὸς, κἂν φίλος ᾖ κἂν ἐχθρὸς, κἂν μέγας κἂν μικρός· τοῦτο γὰρ ταπεινοφροσύνη. Ἔστι γὰρ ταπεινὸν μὲν εἶναι, ὀξὺν δὲ καὶ ὀργίλον, ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ὄφελος· πολλάκις γὰρ ὑπὸ τῆς ὀργῆς κατεχόμενος πάντα ἀπώλεσε. Τὴν γὰρ ἀληθῆ ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐντεῦθεν μάλιστα ἔστι διδάσκεσθαι τοὺς προσέχοντας. Ἐλθόντος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ εἰς Καπερναοὺμ, προσῆλθον οἱ τὰ δίδραχμα λαμβάνοντες τῷ Πέτρῳ, καὶ εἶπον, Ὁ διδάσκαλος ὑμῶν οὐ τελεῖ τὰ δίδραχμα; Καὶ ὅρα, αὐτῷ μὲν τῷ Χριστῷ οὐκ ἐτόλμησαν προσελθεῖν, τῷ Πέτρῳ δέ· καὶ οὐδὲ τούτῳ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς σφοδρότητος, ἀλλ' ἐπιεικέστερον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐγκαλοῦντες, ἀλλ' ἐρωτῶντες ἔλεγον, Ὁ διδάσκαλος ὑμῶν οὐ τελεῖ τὰ δίδραχμα; Τὴν μὲν γὰρ προσήκουσαν περὶ αὐτοῦ δόξαν οὐδέπω εἶχον, ἀλλ' ὡς περὶ ἀνθρώπου οὕτω διέκειντο· πλὴν ἀπένεμόν τινα αἰδῶ καὶ τιμὴν διὰ τὰ προλαβόντα σημεῖα. Τί οὖν ὁ Πέτρος; Ναὶ, φησί. Καὶ τούτοις μὲν εἶπεν ὅτι τελεῖ, αὐτῷ δὲ οὐκ εἶπεν, ἴσως ἐρυθριῶν ὑπὲρ τούτων αὐτῷ διαλεχθῆναι. Τί οὖν ὁ τὰ πάντα σαφῶς εἰδὼς Θεός; Προλαβὼν αὐτόν φησι· Τί σοι δοκεῖ, Σίμων; οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς ἀπὸ τίνων λαμβάνουσι τέλη ἢ κῆνσον; ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτῶν, ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων; Ἔφη, Ἀπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων. Λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Ἄρα γε ἐλεύθεροί εἰσιν οἱυἱοί. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ νομίσῃ ὁ Πέτρος, ὅτι παρ' ἐκείνων ἀκηκοὼς λέγῃ, προλαμβάνει αὐτὸν, τοῦτό τε αὐτὸ δηλῶν, καὶ παῤῥησίαν αὐτῷ παρέχων ὀκνοῦντι προτέρῳ περὶ τούτων εἰπεῖν. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστιν· Ἐλεύθερος μέν εἰμι τοῦ δοῦναι κῆνσον· εἰ γὰρ οἱ τῆς γῆς βασιλεῖς παρὰ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτῶν οὐ λαμβάνουσιν, ἀλλὰ παρὰ τῶν ἀρχομένων, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐμὲ ἀπηλλάχθαι δεῖ τῆς ἀπαιτήσεως ταύτης, οὐκ ἐπιγείου βασιλέως, ἀλλὰ τοῦ τῶν οὐρανῶν ὄντα με υἱὸν καὶ βασιλέα. Καὶ ταῦτα εἰπών φησιν· Ἵνα δὲ μὴ σκανδαλίσωμεν αὐτοὺς, πορευθεὶς εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν βάλε ἄγκιστρον, καὶ τὸν ἀναβάντα πρῶτον ἰχθὺν ἆρον, καὶ εὑρήσεις ἐν αὐτῷ στατῆρα· ἐκεῖνον λαβὼν, δὸς αὐτοῖς ἀντὶ ἐμοῦ καὶ σοῦ. Ὅρα πῶς οὐ παραιτεῖται τὸν φόρον, οὔτε ἁπλῶς κελεύει δοῦναι, ἀλλὰ πρότερον δείξας οὐκ ὄντα ὑπεύθυνον, τότε δίδωσι· τὸ μὲν, ἵνα ἐκεῖνοι μὴ σκανδαλισθῶσι· τὸ δὲ, ἵνα μὴ οὗτοι. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὡς ὀφείλων δίδωσιν, ἀλλ' ὡς τὴν ἐκείνων ἀσθένειαν διορθούμενος. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν οὐκ ἐξ ἀποκειμένων κελεύει δοῦναι; Ἵνα καὶ ἐν τούτῳ δείξῃ Θεὸν ἑαυτὸν ὄντα τῶν ὅλων, καὶ ὅτι τῆς θαλάσσης κρατεῖ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ μικρὸν ἦν ἀπὸ τῶν βυθῶν ἐκείνων προειπεῖν, ὅτι πρῶτος ἐμπεσεῖται ὁ τὸν φόρον τελῶν ἰχθὺς, καὶ ὥσπερ ἀμφίβληστρον εἰς τὴν ἄβυσσον ἐκείνην ἀφέντα αὐτοῦ τὸ πρόσταγμα, ἀναγαγεῖν τὸν κομίζοντα τὸν στατῆρα, καὶ τὴν θάλατταν οὕτω ποιῆσαι δωροφορεῖν, καὶ πάντοθεν τὴν ὑποταγὴν αὐτῆς ἐπιδείκνυσθαι. Εἰ τοίνυν βούλει μέγα δεῖξαί σου τὸ κατόρθωμα, μὴ μέγα φρόνει, καὶ