Homily XL.

Matt. XII. 9, 10.

“And when He was departed thence, He went into their synagogue: and, behold, a man which had his hand withered.”

Again He heals on a Sabbath day, vindicating what had been done by His disciples. And the other evangelists indeed say, that He “set” the man “in the midst,” and asked them, “If it was lawful to do good on the Sabbath days.”1662   See Mark iii. 3, 4, and Luke vi. 8, 9.

See the tender bowels of the Lord. “He set him in the midst,” that by the sight He might subdue them; that overcome by the spectacle they might cast away their wickedness, and out of a kind of shame towards the man, cease from their savage ways. But they, ungentle and inhuman, choose rather to hurt the fame of Christ, than to see this person made whole: in both ways betraying their wickedness; by their warring against Christ, and by their doing so with such contentiousness, as even to treat with despite His mercies to other men.

And while the other evangelists say, He asked the question, this one saith, it was asked of Him. “And they asked Him,” so it stands, “saying, Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath days? that they might accuse Him.”1663   Matt. xii. 10. And it is likely that both took place. For being unholy wretches, and well assured that He would doubtless proceed to the healing, they hastened to take Him beforehand with their question, thinking in this way to hinder Him. And this is why they asked, “Is it lawful to heal on the Sabbath days?” not for information, but that “they might accuse Him.” Yet surely the work was enough, if it were really their wish to accuse Him; but they desired to find a handle in His words too, preparing for themselves beforehand an abundance of arguments.

But He in His love towards man doth this also: He answers them, teaching His own meekness, and turning it all back upon them; and points out their inhumanity. And He “setteth” the man “in the midst;” not in fear of them, but endeavoring to profit them, and move them to pity.

But when not even so did He prevail with them, then was He grieved, it is said, and wroth with them for the hardness of their heart, and He saith,

“What man is there among you that shall have one sheep, and if this fall into a pit on the Sabbath days, will he not lay hold of it, and lift it out? How much then is a man better than a sheep?1664   [R.V., “How much, then, is a man of more value than a sheep!”] Wherefore it is lawful to do well1665   [R.V. “to do good.”]on the Sabbath days.”1666   Matt. xii. 3.

Thus, lest they have ground of obstinacy, and of accusing him again of transgression, He convicts them by this example. And do thou mark, I pray thee, how variously and suitably in each case, He introduces His pleas for the breaking of the sabbath. Thus, first, in the case of the blind man,1667   John ix. 6. He doth not so much as defend Himself to them, when He made the clay: and yet then also were they blaming Him; but the manner of the creation was enough to indicate the Lord and Owner1668   [τν Δεσπτην, not two titles, as the English rendering would suggest.—R.]of the law. Next, in the case of the paralytic, when he carried his bed, and they were finding fault,1669   John v. 9, 10. He defends Himself, now as God, and now as man; as man, when He saith, “If a man on the Sabbath day receive circumcision, that the law should not be broken;” (and He said not “that a man should be profited”); “are ye angry at me, because I have made a man every whit whole on the Sabbath day?”1670   John vii. 23. As God again, when He saith, “My Father worketh hitherto, and I work.”1671   John v. 17.

But when blamed for His disciples, He said, “Have ye not read what David did, when he was an hungered, himself and they that were with him, how he entered into the house of God, and did eat the show-bread?”1672   Matt. xii. 3, 4. He brings forward the priests also.

And here again; “Is it lawful to do good on the Sabbath days, or to do evil?1673   [So Mark and Luke, but not Matthew.—R.] Which of you shall have one sheep?” For He knew their love of wealth, that they were all taken up with it, rather than with love of mankind. And indeed the other evangelist saith,1674   Mark iii. 5; Luke vi. 10.that He also looked about upon them when asking these questions, that by His very eye He might win them over; but not even so did they become better.

And yet here He speaks only; whereas elsewhere in many cases He heals by laying on of hands also. But nevertheless none of these things made them meek; rather, while the man was healed, they by his health became worse.

For His desire indeed was to cure them before him, and He tried innumerable ways of healing, both by what He did in their presence, and by what He said: but since their malady after all was incurable, He proceeded to the work. “Then saith He to the man, Stretch forth thine hand. And he stretched it forth, and it was restored whole, like as the other.”1675   Matt. xii. 13.

2. What then did they? They go forth, it is said, and take counsel together to slay Him. For “the Pharisees,” saith the Scripture, “went out and held a council against Him, how they might destroy Him.”1676   Matt. xii. 14. [R.V., “took counsel,” etc.] They had received no injury, yet they went about to slay Him. So great an evil is envy. For not against strangers only, but even against our own, is it ever warring. And Mark saith, they took this counsel with the Herodians.1677   Mark iii. 6.

What then doth the gentle and meek One? He withdrew, on being aware of it. “But when Jesus knew their devices,1678   [“Their devices” is borrowed from verse 25, where the Greek phrase occurs (“their thoughts,” A.V.)—R.] He withdrew Himself,” it is said, “from them.”1679   Matt. xii. 15. Where now are they who say, miracles ought to be done? Nay, by these things He signified, that the uncandid soul is not even thereby persuaded; and He made it plain that His disciples too were blamed by them without cause. This however we should observe, that they grow fierce especially at the benefits done to their neighbors; and when they see any one delivered either from disease or from wickedness, then is the time for them to find fault, and become wild beasts. Thus did they calumniate Him, both when He was about to save the harlot, and when He was eating with publicans, and now again, when they saw the hand restored.

But do thou observe, I pray thee, how He neither desists from His tender care over the infirm, and yet allays their envy. “And great multitudes1680   [So Chrysostom, with the received text. Comp. R.V.—R.]followed Him, and He healed them all; and He charged them that were healed, that they should make Him known to no man.”1681   Matt. xii. 15, 16. [“To no man,” peculiar to Chrysostom.—R.] Because, while the multitudes everywhere both admire and follow Him, they desist not from their wickedness.

Then, lest thou shouldest be confounded at what is going on, and at their strange frenzy, He introduces the prophet also, foretelling all this. For so great was the accuracy of the prophets, that they omit not even these things, but foretell His very journeyings, and changes of place, and the intent with which He acted therein; that thou mightest learn, how they spake all by the Spirit. For if the secrets of men cannot by any art be known, much more were it impossible to learn Christ’s purpose, except the Spirit revealed it.1682   Cf. 1 Cor. ii. 11.

What then saith the prophet? Nay, it is subjoined: “That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the Prophet, saying, Behold my servant, whom I have chosen; my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased. I will put my Spirit upon Him, and He shall show judgment to the Gentiles. He shall not strive nor cry,1683   [R.V., “cry aloud.”]neither shall any man hear His voice in the streets. A bruised reed shall He not break, and smoking flax shall He not quench, till He send forth judgment unto victory. And in His name shall the Gentiles trust.”1684   Matt. xii. 17–21; see Isa. xlii. 1–4. [ R.V., “hope” for “trust.”]

The prophet celebrates His meekness, and His unspeakable power, and opens to the Gentiles “a great door and effectual;” he foretells also the ills that are to overtake the Jews, and signifies His unanimity with the Father. For “behold,” saith He, “my servant, whom I have chosen, my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased.” Now if He chose Him, not as an adversary doth Christ set aside the law, nor as being an enemy of the lawgiver, but as having the same mind with Him, and the same objects.

Then proclaiming His meekness, he saith, “He shall not strive nor cry.” For His desire indeed was to heal in their presence; but since they thrust Him away, not even against this did He contend.

And intimating both His might, and their weakness, he saith, “A bruised reed shall He not break.” For indeed it was easy to break them all to pieces like a reed, and not a reed merely, but one already bruised.

“And smoking flax shall He not quench.” Here he sets forth both their anger that is kindled, and His might that is able to put down their anger, and to quench it with all ease; whereby His great mildness is signified.

What then? Shall these things always be? And will He endure them perpetually, forming such frantic plots against Him? Far from it; but when He hath performed His part, then shall He execute the other purposes also. For this He declared by saying “Till He send forth judgment unto victory: and in His name shall the Gentiles trust.” As Paul likewise saith, “Having in a readiness to revenge all disobedience, when your obedience is fulfilled.”1685   2 Cor. x. 6. [R.V., “being in readiness to avenge all disobedience, when your obedience shall be fulfilled.”]

But what is, “when He sends forth judgment unto victory?” When He hath fulfilled all His own part, then, we are told, He will bring down upon them His vengeance also, and that a perfect vengeance. Then shall they suffer His terrors, when His trophy is gloriously set up, and the ordinances that proceed from Him have prevailed, and He hath left them no plea of contradiction, however shameless. For He is wont to call righteousness, “judgment.”

But not to this will His dispensation be confined, to the punishment of unbelievers only, but He will also win to Himself the whole world. Wherefore He added, “And in His name shall the Gentiles trust.”

Then, to inform thee that this too is according to the purpose of the Father, in the beginning the prophet had assured us of this likewise, together with what had gone before; saying, “My well-beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased.” For of the well-beloved it is quite evident that He did these things also according to the mind of the beloved.1686   ὁ γαπητ—το φιλουμνουγενναν. See Isa. v. i. [“well-beloved” answers to the former term, rendered “beloved” above—R.]

3. “Then they brought unto Him one possessed with a devil, blind and dumb, and He healed him, insomuch that the blind and dumb both spake and saw.”1687Matt. xii. 22. [“Then was brought” (A. V. and R. V.), but the other form occurs in the Homily. R. V. omits “both.”—R.]

O wickedness of the evil spirit! he had barred up both entrances, whereby that person should have believed, as well sight as hearing; nevertheless, both did Christ open.

“And all the people were amazed, saying, Is not this the Son of David?1688[R. V., “Is this the Son of David?”] But the Pharisees said, This fellow doth1689[R. V., “this man.”] not cast out devils, but by Beelzebub, the prince of the devils.”1690Matt. xii. 23, 24.

And yet what great thing had been said? Nevertheless, not even this did they endure: to such a degree, as I have already remarked, are they ever stung by the good works done to their neighbors, and nothing grieves them so much as the salvation of men. And yet He had actually retired, and had given room for their passion to subside; but the evil was again rekindled, because a benefit was again conferred; and the evil spirit was not so indignant as they. For he indeed departed from the body, and gave place and fled away, uttering no sound; but these were endeavoring now to slay, now to defame Him. That is, their first aim not succeeding, they would fain hurt His good name.

Such a thing is envy, than which no worse evil can exist. For the adulterer indeed enjoys some pleasure, such as it is, and in a short time accomplishes his proper sin; but the envious man punishes himself, and takes vengeance upon himself more than on the person whom he envies, and never ceases from his sin, but is continually engaged in the commission thereof. For as a sow in mire, and evil spirits in our hurt, so also doth he delight in his neighbor’s ills; and if anything painful take place, then is he refreshed, and takes breath; accounting the calamities of others his own joys, and the blessings of others his own ills; and he considers not what pleasure may accrue to himself, but what pain to his neighbor. These men therefore were it not meet to stone and beat to death, like mad dogs, like destroying demons, like the very furies?

For as beetles feed on dung, so do these men on the calamities of others, being a sort of common foes and enemies of our nature. And whereas the rest of mankind pity even a brute when it is killed, dost thou, on seeing a man receive benefits, become like a wild beast, tremble, and turn pale? Why, what can be worse than this madness? Therefore, you see, whoremongers and publicans were able to enter into the kingdom, but the envious, being within it, went out: For “the children of the kingdom,” it is said, “shall be cast out.”1691Matt. viii. 12. And the former, once freed from their present wickedness, attained to things which they never looked for, while these latter lost even the good things which they had; and very reasonably. For this turns a man into a devil, this renders one a savage demon. Thus did the first murder arise; thus was nature forgotten; thus the earth defiled; thus afterwards did it open its mouth, to receive yet living, and utterly destroy, Dathan, and Korah, and Abiram, and all that multitude.1692Numb. xvi.

4. But to declaim against envy, one may say, is easy; but we ought to consider also how men are to be freed from the disease. How then are we to be rid of this wickedness? If we bear in mind, that as he who hath committed fornication cannot lawfully enter the church, so neither he that envies; nay, and much less the latter than the former. For as things are, it is accounted even an indifferent thing; wherefore also it is little thought of; but if its real badness be made evident, we should easily refrain from it.

Weep then, and groan; lament, and entreat God. Learn to feel and to repent for it, as for a grievous sin. And if thou be of this mind, thou wilt quickly be rid of the disease.

And who knows not, one may say, that envy is an evil thing? No one indeed is ignorant of it: yet they have not the same estimation of this passion as of adultery and fornication. When, at least, did any one condemn himself bitterly for having envied? when did he entreat God concerning this pest, that He would be merciful to him? No man at any time: but if he shall fast and give a little money to a poor man, though he be envious to the thousandth degree, he counts himself to have done nothing horrid, held as he is in subjection by the most accursed passion of all. Whence, for example, did Cain become such as he was? Whence Esau? Whence the children of Laban? Whence the sons of Jacob? Whence Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, with their company? Whence Miriam? Whence Aaron? Whence the devil himself?

Herewith consider this also; that thou injurest not him whom thou enviest, but into thyself thou art thrusting the sword. For wherein did Cain injure Abel? Did he not even against his own will send him the more quickly into the kingdom? but himself he pierced through with innumerable evils. Wherein did Esau harm Jacob? Did not Jacob grow wealthy, and enjoy unnumbered blessings; while he himself both became an outcast from his father’s house, and wandered in a strange land, after that plot of his?1693Gen. xxvii. 41. And wherein did Jacob’s sons again make Joseph the worse, and this, though they proceeded even unto blood? had not they to endure famine, and encounter peril to the utmost, whereas he became king of all Egypt? For the more thou enviest, the more dost thou become a procurer of greater blessing to the object of thine envy. For there is a God who beholds these things; and when He sees him injured, that doeth no injury, him He exalts the more, and so makes him glorious, but thee He punishes.

For if them that exult over their enemies, He suffer not to go unpunished (“For rejoice not,” it is said, “when thine enemies fall, lest at any time the Lord see it, and it displease Him”1694Prov. xxiv. 17, 18. ); much more such as envy those who have done no wrong.

Let us then extirpate the many-headed wild beast. For in truth many are the kinds of envy. Thus, if he that loves one that is a friend to him hath no more than the publican,1695Matt. v. 46. where shall he stand who hates him that doeth him no wrong? and how shall he escape hell,1696[γέενναν.] becoming worse than the heathens? Wherefore also I do exceedingly grieve, that we who are commanded to copy the angels, or rather the Lord of the angels, emulate the devil. For indeed there is much envy, even in the church; and more among us, than among those under authority. Wherefore we must even discourse unto ourselves.

5. Tell me then, why dost thou envy thy neighbor? Because thou seest him reaping honor, and words of good report? Then dost thou not bear in mind how much evil honors bring on the unguarded? lifting them up to pride, to vainglory, to arrogance, to contemptuousness; making them more careless? and besides these evils, they wither also lightly away. For the most grievous thing is this, that the evils arising therefrom abide immortal, but the pleasure at the moment of its appearing, is flown away. For these things then dost thou envy? tell me.

“But he hath great influence with the Ruler, and leads and drives all things which way he will, and inflicts pain on them that offend him, and benefits his flatterers, and hath much power.” These are the sayings of secular persons, and of men that are riveted to the earth. For the spiritual man nothing shall be able to hurt.

For what serious harm shall he do to him? vote him out of his office? And what of that? For if it be justly done, he is even profited; for nothing so provokes God, as for one to hold the priest’s office unworthily. But if unjustly, the blame again falls on the other, not on him; for he who hath suffered anything unjustly, and borne it nobly, obtains in this way the greater confidence towards God.

Let us not then aim at this, how we may be in places of power, and honor, and authority, but that we may live in virtue and self denial. For indeed places of authority persuade men to do many things which are not approved of God; and great vigor of soul is needed, in order to use authority aright. For as he that is deprived thereof, practises self restraint, whether with or against his will, so he that enjoys it is in some such condition, as if any one living with a graceful and beautiful damsel were to receive rules never to look upon her unchastely. For authority is that kind of thing. Wherefore many, even against their will, hath it induced to show insolence; it awakens wrath, and removes the bridle from the tongue, and tears off the door of the lips; fanning the soul as with a wind, and sinking the bark in the lowest depth of evils. Him then who is in so great danger dost thou admire, and sayest thou he is to be envied? Nay, how great madness is here! Consider, at any rate (besides what we have mentioned), how many enemies and accusers, and how many flatterers this person hath besieging him. Are these then, I pray thee, reasons for calling a man happy? Nay, who can say so?

“But the people,” you say, “hold high account of him.” And what is this? For the people surely is not God, to whom he is to render account: so that in naming the people, thou art speaking of nothing else than of other breakers, and rocks, and shoals, and sunken ridges. For to be in favor with the people, the more it makes a man illustrious, the greater the dangers, the cares, the despondencies it brings with it. For such an one has no power at all to take breath or stand still, having so severe a master. And why say I, “stand still and take breath”? Though such an one have never so many good works, hardly doth he enter into the kingdom. For nothing is so wont to overthrow1697   ἐκτραχηλιζειν .men, as the honor which comes of the multitude, making them cowardly, ignoble, flatterers, hypocrites.

Why, for instance, did the Pharisees say that Christ was possessed? Was it not because they were greedy of the honor of the multitude?

And whence did the multitude pass the right judgment on Him? Was it not because this disease had no hold on them? For nothing, nothing so much tends to make men lawless and foolish, as gaping after the honor of the multitude. Nothing makes them glorious and immoveable, like despising the same.

Wherefore also great vigor of soul is needed for him who is to hold out against such an impulse, and so violent a blast. For as when things are prosperous, he prefers himself to all, so when he undergoes the contrary, he would fain bury himself alive: and this is to him both hell, and the kingdom, when he hath come to be overwhelmed by this passion.

Is all this then, I pray thee, matter of envyings, and not rather of lamentations and tears? Every one surely can see. But thou doest the same, in envying one in that kind of credit, as if a person, seeing another bound and scourged and torn by innumerable wild beasts, were to envy him his wounds and stripes. For in fact, as many men as the multitude comprises, so many bonds also, so many tyrants hath he: and, what is yet more grievous, each of these hath a different mind: and they all judge whatever comes into their heads concerning him that is a slave to them, without examining into anything; but whatever is the decision of this or that person, this they also confirm.

What manner of waves then, what tempest so grievous as this? Yea, such a one is both puffed up in a moment by the pleasure, and is under water again easily, being ever in fluctuation, in tranquillity never. Thus, before the time of the assembly, and of the contests in speaking, he is possessed with anxiety and fear; but after the assembly he is either dead with despondency, or rejoices on the contrary without measure; a worse thing than sorrow. For that pleasure is not a less evil than sorrow is plain from the effect it has on the soul; how light it makes it, and unsteady, and fluttering.

And this one may see even from those of former times. When, for instance, was David to be admired; when he rejoiced, or when he was in anguish? When, the people of the Jews? groaning and calling upon God, or exulting in the wilderness, and worshipping the calf? Wherefore Solomon too, who best of all men knew what pleasure is, saith, “It is better to go to the house of mourning, than to the house of laughter.”1698   Eccles. vii. 2. Wherefore Christ also blesses the one, saying, “Blessed are they that mourn,”1699   Matt. v. 4.but the other sort He bewails, saying, “Woe unto you that laugh, for ye shall weep.”1700   Luke vi. 25. And very fitly. For in delight the soul is more relaxed and effeminate, but in mourning it is braced up, and grows sober, and is delivered from the whole swarm of passions, and becomes higher and stronger.

Knowing then all these things, let us shun the glory that comes from the multitude, and the pleasure that springs therefrom, that we may win the real and everlasting glory; unto which may we all attain, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and might, forever and ever. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Μʹ. Καὶ μεταβὰς ἐκεῖθεν, ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν συναγω γὴν αὐτῶν: καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄνθρωπος τὴν χεῖρα ἔχων ξηράν. αʹ. Πάλιν ἐν σαββάτῳ θεραπεύει, ὑπὲρ τῶν παρὰ τῶν μαθητῶν γεγενημένων ἀπολογούμενος. Καὶ οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι εὐαγγελισταί φασιν, ὅτι ἔστησε τὸν ἄνθρωπον μέσον, καὶ ἠρώτησεν αὐτοὺς, εἰ ἔξεστι τοῖς σάββασιν ἀγαθοποιῆσαι. Θέα τὴν εὐσπλαγχνίαν τοῦ Δεσπότου. Ἔστησεν αὐτὸν μέσον, ἵνα τῇ ὄψει αὐτοὺς ἐπικάμψῃ: ἵνα κατακλασθέντες τῇ θέᾳ τὴν πονηρίαν ἐκβάλωσι, καὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον αἰδεσθέντες, παύσωνται τῆς θηριωδίας. Ἀλλ' οἱ ἀτίθασσοι καὶ μισάνθρωποι μᾶλλον αἱροῦνται τοῦ Χριστοῦ βλάψαι τὴν δόξαν, ἢ τοῦτον ἰδεῖν σωζόμενον, ἑκατέρωθεν ἐνδεικνύμενοι τὴν πονηρίαν, καὶ τῷ πολεμεῖν τῷ Χριστῷ, καὶ τῷ μετὰ φιλονεικίας τοσαύτης, ὡς καὶ ταῖς ἑτέρων εὐεργεσίαις ἐπηρεάζειν. Οἱ μὲν οὖν ἄλλοι εὐαγγελισταί φασιν, ὅτι αὐτὸς ἠρώτησεν: οὗτος δὲ, ὅτι ἠρωτήθη. Καὶ ἐπηρώτησαν αὐτὸν, φησὶ, λέγοντες, εἰ ἔξεστι τοῖς σάββασι θεραπεύειν, ἵνα κατηγορήσωσιν αὐτοῦ. Εἰκὸς δὲ ἀμφότερα γεγενῆσθαι. Μιαροὶ γὰρ ὄντες, καὶ εἰδότες ὅτι ἥξει πάντως ἐπὶ τὴν ἰατρείαν, τῇ πεύσει προκαταλαβεῖν αὐτὸν ἔσπευδον, προσδοκῶντες ταύτῃ κωλύειν. Διὸ καὶ ἠρώτων, Εἰ ἔξεστι τοῖς σάββασι θεραπεῦσαι: οὐχ ἵνα μάθωσιν, ἀλλ' ἵνα κατηγορήσωσι. Καίτοιγε ἤρκει τὸ ἔργον, εἴ γε ἐβούλοντο κατηγορεῖν: ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ ῥημάτων ἤθελον λαβὴν εὑρεῖν, ἀφθονίαν ἑαυτοῖς λημμάτων προπαρασκευάζοντες. Ὁ δὲ φιλάνθρωπος καὶ τοῦτο ποιεῖ, καὶ ἀποκρίνεται, παιδεύων τὴν οἰκείαν ἡμερότητα, καὶ εἰς αὐτοὺς περιτρέπων τὸ πᾶν, καὶ δείκνυσιν αὐτῶν τὴν ἀπανθρωπίαν. Καὶ ἵστησι τὸν ἄνθρωπον μέσον: οὐχὶ δεδοικὼς αὐτοὺς, ἀλλ' ὠφελῆσαι σπεύδων, καὶ εἰς ἔλεον ἐμβαλεῖν. Ὡς δὲ οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐπέκαμψε, τότε ἐλυπήθη, φησὶ, καὶ ὠργίσθη αὐτοῖς διὰ τὴν πώρωσιν τῆς καρδῖας αὐτῶν, καί φησι: Τίς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑμῶν ἄνθρωπος, ὃς ἕξει πρόβατον ἓν, καὶ ἐμπέσῃ τοῦτο τοῖς σάββασιν εἰς βόθυνον, οὐχὶ κρατήσει αὐτὸ καὶ ἐγερεῖ; Πόσῳ οὖν διαφέρει ἄνθρωπος προβάτου; Ὥστε ἔξεστι τοῖς σάββασι καλῶς ποιεῖν. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ ἔχωσιν ἀναισχυντεῖν, μηδὲ παράβασιν πάλιν ἐγκαλεῖν, συλλογίζεται αὐτοὺς διὰ τοῦ παραδείγματος τούτου. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει, πῶς ποικίλως καὶ καταλλήλως πανταχοῦ τὰς ἀπολογίας ἐπάγει τὰς περὶ τῆς λύσεως τοῦ σαββάτου. Ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ τυφλοῦ οὐδὲ ἀπολογεῖται αὐτοῖς, ὅτε τὸν πηλὸν ἐποίησε: καίτοι καὶ τότε ἐνεκάλουν, ἀλλ' ἤρκει τῆς δημιουργίας ὁ τρόπος δεῖξαι τοῦ νόμου τὸν Δεσπότην. Ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ παραλύτου, ἡνίκα τὴν κλίνην ἐβάστασε, καὶ ἐνεκάλουν, νῦν μὲν ὡς Θεὸς, νῦν δὲ ὡς ἄνθρωπος ἀπολογεῖται: ὡς ἄνθρωπος μὲν, ὅταν λέγῃ, Εἰ περιτομὴν λαμβάνει ἄνθρωπος ἐν σαββάτῳ, ἵνα μὴ λυθῇ ὁ νόμος (καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἵνα ὠφεληθῇ ἄνθρωπος), ἐμοὶ χολᾶτε, ὅτι ὅλον ἄνθρωπον ὑγιῆ ἐποίησα; ὡς δὲ Θεὸς, ὅταν λέγῃ: Ὁ Πατήρ μου ἕως ἄρτι ἐργάζεται, κἀγὼ ἐργάζομαι. Ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν μαθητῶν ἐγκαλούμενος ἔλεγεν: Οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τί ἐποίησε Δαυῒδ, ὅτε ἐπείνασεν, αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετ' αὐτοῦ; πῶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς προθέσεως ἔφαγε; Καὶ τοὺς ἱερεῖς εἰς μέσον παράγει. Καὶ ἐνταῦθα πάλιν, ὅτι Ἔξεστιν ἐν σαββάτῳ ἀγαθοποιῆσαι, ἢ κακοποιῆσαι; Τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν ἕξει πρόβατον ἕν; Ἤ|δει γὰρ αὐτῶν τὸ φιλοχρήματον, ὅτι τοῦτο μᾶλλον ἦσαν ἢ φιλάνθρωποι. Καίτοι ὁ ἄλλος Εὐαγγελιστής φησιν, ὅτι καὶ περιεβλέψατο ταῦτα ἐρωτῶν, ὥστε καὶ τῷ ὄμματι αὐτοὺς ἐπισπάσασθαι: ἀλλ' οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐγένοντο βελτίους. Καίτοι ἐνταῦθα φθέγγεται μόνον, ἀλλαχοῦ δὲ πολλαχοῦ καὶ χεῖρας ἐπιτιθεὶς θεραπεύει. Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδὲν αὐτοὺς τούτων ἐποίει πράους: ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν ἄνθρωπος ἐθεραπεύετο, ἐκεῖνοι δὲ διὰ τῆς ὑγείας τῆς τούτου χείρους ἐγένοντο. Αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ ἐβούλετο πρὸ ἐκείνου θεραπεῦσαι ἐκείνους, καὶ μυρίους ἐκίνησε τρόπους ἰατρείας, καὶ δι' ὧν ἔμπροσθεν ἐποίησε, καὶ δι' ὧν εἶπεν: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀνίατα λοιπὸν ἐνόσουν, ἐπὶ τὸ ἔργον ἐχώρησε. Τότε λέγει τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ: Ἔκτεινον τὴν χεῖρά σου. Καὶ ἐξέτεινε, καὶ ἀποκατεστάθη ὑγιὴς, ὡς ἡ ἄλλη. Τί οὖν ἐκεῖνοι; Ἐξέρχονται, φησὶ, καὶ συμβουλεύονται, ἵνα ἀνέλωσιν αὐτόν. Οἱ γὰρ Φαρισαῖοι, φησὶν, ἐξελθόντες συμβούλιον ἔλαβον κατ' αὐτοῦ, ὅπως αὐτὸν ἀπολέσωσιν. Οὐδὲν ἀδικηθέντες ἀνελεῖν ἐπεχείρουν. βʹ. Τοσοῦτον ἡ βασκανία κακόν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς οἰκείοις ἀεὶ πολεμεῖ. Ὁ δὲ Μάρκος φησὶν, ὅτι μετὰ τῶν Ἡρωδιανῶν τοῦτο ἐβουλεύσαντο. Τί οὖν ὁ ἥμερος καὶ πρᾶος; Ἀνεχώρησε ταῦτα μαθών. Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς γνοὺς τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν, ἀνεχώρησε, φησὶν, ἐκεῖθεν. Ποῦ τοίνυν εἰσὶν οἱ λέγοντες, ὅτι σημεῖα γίνεσθαι ἔδει; Διὰ γὰρ τούτων ἔδειξεν, ὅτι ἡ ἀγνώμων ψυχὴ οὐδὲ ἐντεῦθεν πείθεται, καὶ ἐδήλωσεν ὅτι καὶ τοῖς μαθηταῖς εἰκῆ ἐνεκάλουν. Ἐκεῖνο μέντοι παρατηρεῖν χρὴ, ὅτι μάλιστα πρὸς τὰς τῶν πλησίον ἀγριαίνουσιν εὐεργεσίας: καὶ ὅταν ἴδωσί τινα ἢ νοσήματος ἢ κακίας ἀπαλλαττόμενον, τότε καὶ ἐγκαλοῦσι καὶ ἐκθηριοῦνται. Καὶ γὰρ ὅτε τὴν πόρνην σώζειν ἔμελλε, διέβαλλον αὐτόν: καὶ ὅτε μετὰ τελωνῶν ἔφαγε: καὶ νῦν πάλιν, ἐπειδὴ τὴν χεῖρα ἀποκατασταθεῖσαν εἶδον. Σὺ δέ μοι σκόπει, πῶς οὐδὲ τῆς πρὸς τοὺς ἀῤῥώστους κηδεμονίας ἀφίσταται, καὶ τὸν ἐκείνων παραμυθεῖται φθόνον. Καὶ ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ ὄχλοι πολλοὶ, καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτοὺς πάντας: καὶ ἐπετίμησε τοῖς θεραπευθεῖσιν, ἵνα μηδενὶ φανερὸν αὐτὸν ποιήσωσιν. Οἱ μὲν γὰρ ὄχλοι πανταχοῦ καὶ θαυμάζουσι καὶ ἀκολουθοῦσιν: ἐκεῖνοι δὲ τῆς πονηρίας οὐκ ἀφίστανται. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ θορυβηθῇς ἐπὶ τοῖς γινομένοις, καὶ τῷ παραδόξῳ τῆς ἐκείνων μανίας, εἰσάγει καὶ τὸν προφήτην ταῦτα προαναφωνοῦντα. Τοσαύτη γὰρ ἦν τῶν προφητῶν ἡ ἀκρίβεια, ὡς μηδὲ ταῦτα παραλιπεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς μεταβάσεις προφητεύειν, καὶ τὴν γνώμην μεθ' ἧς ταῦτα ἐποίει: ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι πάντα Πνεύματι ἐφθέγγοντο. Εἰ γὰρ τὰ ἀνθρώπων ἀπόῤῥητα ἀμήχανον εἰδέναι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοῦ Χριστοῦ τὸν σκοπὸν ἀδύνατον ἦν μαθεῖν, μὴ τοῦ Πνεύματος ἀποκαλύψαντος. Τί οὖν ὁ προφήτης φησίν; Ἐπήγαγε γοῦν: Ὅπως πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ Ἡσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος: Ἰδοὺ ὁ Παῖς μου, ὃν ᾑρέτισα, ὁ ἀγαπητός μου, εἰς ὃν εὐδόκησεν ἡ ψυχή μου. Θήσω τὸ Πνεῦμά μου ἐπ' αὐτὸν, καὶ κρίσιν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀναγγελεῖ. Οὐκ ἐρίσει, οὐδὲ κραυγάσει, οὐδὲ ἀκούσει τις ἐν ταῖς πλατείαις τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ: κάλαμον συντετριμμένον οὐ κατεάξει, καὶ λίνον τυφόμενον οὐ σβέσει, ἕως ἂν ἐκβάλῃ εἰς νῖκος τὴν κρίσιν αὐτοῦ: καὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσι. Τὴν πραότητα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν δύναμιν τὴν ἄφατον ἀνυμνεῖ, καὶ θύραν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἀνοίγνυσι μεγάλην καὶ ἐνεργῆ, καὶ τὰ καταληψόμενα τοὺς Ἰουδαίους προλέγει κακὰ, καὶ δείκνυσιν αὐτοῦ τὴν ὁμόνοιαν τὴν πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα. Ἰδοὺ γὰρ, φησὶν, ὁ Παῖς μου, ὃν ᾑρέτισα, ὁ ἀγαπητός μου, εἰς ὃν εὐδόκησεν ἡ ψυχή μου. Εἰ δὲ ᾑρέτισεν, οὐχ ὡς ἐναντιούμενος λύει τὸν νόμον, οὐδὲ ὡς ἐχθρὸς ὢν τοῦ Νομοθέτου, ἀλλ' ὡς ὁμογνώμων καὶ τὰ αὐτὰ πράττων. Εἶτα τὴν πραότητα αὐτοῦ ἀνακηρύττων, φησίν: Οὐκ ἐρίσει, οὐδὲ κραυγάσει. Αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ ἐβούλετο θεραπεύειν ἐπ' αὐτῶν: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἀπεκρούοντο, οὐδὲ πρὸς τοῦτο ἀντέτεινε. Καὶ δεικνὺς καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ ἰσχὺν καὶ τὴν ἐκείνων ἀσθένειαν, φησί: Κάλαμον συντετριμμένον οὐ κατεάξει. Καὶ γὰρ ἦν ῥᾴδιον ἅπαντας αὐτοὺς ὥσπερ κάλαμον διακλάσαι: καὶ οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς κάλαμον, ἀλλ' ἤδη συντριβέντα. Καὶ λίνον τυφόμενον οὐ σβέσει. Ἐνταῦθα καὶ τὸν ἐκείνων θυμὸν τὸν ἀναπτόμενον παρίστησι, καὶ τὴν τούτου ἰσχὺν ἱκανὴν οὖσαν καταλῦσαι τὸν θυμὸν αὐτῶν, καὶ κατασβέσαι μετ' εὐκολίας ἁπάσης: ὅθεν ἡ πολλὴ ἐπιείκεια δείκνυται. Τί οὖν; ἀεὶ ταῦτα ἔσται; καὶ οἴσει διὰ τέλους τοιαῦτα ἐπιβουλεύοντας καὶ μαινομένους; Ἄπαγε: ἀλλ' ὅταν τὰ αὐτοῦ ἐπιδείξηται, τότε καὶ ἐκεῖνα ἐργάσεται. Τοῦτο γὰρ ἐδήλωσεν εἰπών: Ἕως ἂν ἐκβάλῃ εἰς νῖκος τὴν κρίσιν: καὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσι: καθάπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλός φησιν: Ἕτοιμοι ὄντες ἐκδικῆσαι πᾶσαν παρακοὴν, ὅταν πληρωθῇ ὑμῶν ἡ ὑπακοή. Τί δέ ἐστιν, Ὅταν ἐκβάλῃ εἰς νῖκος τὴν κρίσιν; Ὅταν τὰ παρ' ἑαυτοῦ πάντα πληρώσῃ, φησὶ, τότε καὶ τὴν ἐκδίκησιν ἐπάξει, καὶ ἐκδίκησιν τελείαν. Τότε τὰ δεινὰ πείσονται, ὅταν λαμπρὸν στῇ τὸ τρόπαιον, καὶ νικήσῃ τὰ παρ' αὐτοῦ δικαιώματα, καὶ μηδὲ ἀναίσχυντον αὐτοῖς καταλίπῃ ἀντιλογίας πρόφασιν. Οἶδε γὰρ κρίσιν τὴν δικαιοσύνην λέγειν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐν τούτῳ στήσεται τὰ τῆς οἰκονομίας, ἐν τῷ κολασθῆναι τοὺς ἀπιστήσαντας μόνον: ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν οἰκουμένην ἐπισπάσεται. Διὸ καὶ ἐπήγαγε: Καὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν. Εἶτα ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο κατὰ γνώμην ἐστὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς, ἐν τῷ προοιμίῳ ὁ προφήτης καὶ τοῦτο μετὰ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν ἐνεγγυήσατο, εἰπών: Ὁ ἀγαπητός μου, εἰς ὂν εὐδόκησεν ἡ ψυχή μου. Ὁ γὰρ ἀγαπητὸς εὔδηλον ὅτι κατὰ γνώμην τοῦ φιλουμένου καὶ ταῦτα ἐποίει. Τότε προσήνεγκαν αὐτῷ δαιμονιζόμενον, τυφλὸν καὶ κωφὸν καὶ ἐθεράπευσεν αὐτὸν, ὥστε τὸν τυφλὸν καὶ κωφὸν καὶ λαλεῖν καὶ βλέπειν. γʹ. Ὦ πονηρία δαίμονος! Ἑκατέραν εἴσοδον ἐνέφραξε, δι' ἧς ἔμελλε πιστεύειν ἐκεῖνος, καὶ ὄψιν καὶ ἀκοήν: ἀλλ' ὅμως ἑκατέρας ὁ Χριστὸς ἀνέῳξε. Καὶ ἐξίσταντο οἱ ὄχλοι λέγοντες: Μήτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς Δαυΐδ; Οἱ δὲ Φαρισαῖοι εἶπον: Οὗτος οὐκ ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια, εἰ μὴ ἐν τῷ Βεελζεβοὺλ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων. Καίτοι τί μέγα ἐφθέγξαντο; Ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἤνεγκαν: οὕτως, ὅπερ ἔφθην εἰπὼν, ἀεὶ ταῖς τῶν πλησίον δάκνονται εὐεργεσίαις, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτοὺς οὕτω λυπεῖ ὡς ἡ τῶν ἀνθρώπων σωτηρία. Καίτοι καὶ ἀνεχώρησε, καὶ λωφῆσαι ἔδωκε τῷ πάθει: ἀλλὰ πάλιν ἀνήπτετο τὸ κακὸν, ἐπειδὴ πάλιν εὐεργεσία ἐγένετο: καὶ μᾶλλον τοῦ δαίμονος ἠγανάκτουν. Ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἐξίστατο τοῦ σώματος, καὶ ἀνεχώρει, καὶ ἐδραπέτευε, μηδὲν φθεγγόμενος: οὗτοι δὲ νῦν μὲν ἀνελεῖν ἐπεχείρουν, νῦν δὲ διαβάλλειν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐκεῖνο οὐ προεχώρει, τὴν δόξαν ἤθελον βλάψαι. Τοιοῦτον ἡ βασκανία, ἧς οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο κακία χείρων. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ μοιχὸς κἂν ἡδονὴν καρποῦταί τινα, καὶ ἐν βραχεῖ χρόνῳ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἀπαρτίζει τὴν ἑαυτοῦ: ὁ δὲ βάσκανος πρὸ τοῦ φθονουμένου ἑαυτὸν κολάζει καὶ τιμωρεῖται, καὶ οὐδέποτε παύεται τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ πράττειν αὐτήν ἐστι διηνεκῶς. Καθάπερ γὰρ χοῖρος βορβόρῳ, καὶ δαίμονες βλάβῃ τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ: οὕτω καὶ οὗτος τοῖς τοῦ πλησίον χαίρει κακοῖς: κἂν γένηταί τι ἀηδὲς, τότε ἀναπαύεται καὶ ἀναπνεῖ, τὰς ἀλλοτρίας συμφορὰς οἰκείας εὐθυμίας ἡγούμενος, καὶ οἰκεῖα κακὰ τὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἀγαθά: καὶ οὐ σκοπεῖ τί ἂν αὐτῷ γένοιτο ἡδὺ, ἀλλὰ τί τῷ πλησίον λυπηρόν. Τούτους οὖν οὐ καταλεύειν καὶ ἀποτυμπανίζειν ἄξιον, ὡς κύνας λυττῶντας, ὡς δαίμονας ἀλάστορας, ὡς αὐτὰς τὰς ἐρινῦς; Καθάπερ γὰρ οἱ κάνθαροι τρέφονται τῇ κόπρῳ, οὕτω καὶ οὗτοι ταῖς ἑτέρων δυσημερίαις, κοινοί τινες ἐχθροὶ καὶ πολέμιοι τῆς φύσεως ὄντες. Καὶ οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι ἄλογον σφαττόμενον ἐλεοῦσι: σὺ δὲ ἄνθρωπον ὁρῶν εὐεργετούμενον, ἐκθηριοῦσαι καὶ τρέμεις καὶ ὠχριᾷς; Καὶ τί ταύτης τῆς μανίας χεῖρον γένοιτ' ἄν; Διά τοι τοῦτο πόρνοι μὲν καὶ τελῶναι εἰς βασιλείαν ἠδυνήθησαν εἰσελθεῖν: οἱ δὲ βάσκανοι ἔνδον ὄντες, ἐξῆλθον. Οἱ γὰρ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας, φησὶν, ἔξω βληθήσονται. Κἀκεῖνοι μὲν τῆς ἐν χερσὶν ἀπαλλαγέντες πονηρίας, ὧν οὐδέποτε προσεδόκησαν ἐπέτυχον: οὗτοι δὲ καὶ ἃ εἶχον ἀγαθὰ ἀπώλεσαν: καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Τοῦτο γὰρ διάβολον ἐξ ἀνθρώπου ποιεῖ: τοῦτο δαίμονα ἄγριον ἀπεργάζεται. Οὕτως ὁ πρῶτος φόνος ἐγένετο: οὕτως ἡ φύσις ἠγνοήθη: οὕτως ἡ γῆ ἐμολύνθη: οὕτω μετὰ ταῦτα τὸ στόμα ἀνοίξασα ζῶντας ὑπεδέξατο καὶ ἀπώλεσε τοὺς περὶ Δαθὰν καὶ Κορὲ καὶ Ἀβειρὼν, καὶ τὸν δῆμον ἐκεῖνον ἅπαντα. Ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν κατηγορεῖν βασκανίας εἴποι τις ἂν ῥᾴδιον εἶναι: δεῖ δὲ σκοπεῖν καὶ ὅπως ἀπαλλαγήσονται τοῦ νοσήματος. Πῶς οὖν ἀπαλλαγησόμεθα τῆς πονηρίας ταύτης; Ἂν ἐννοήσωμεν, ὅτι ὥσπερ τῷ πεπορνευκότι οὐ θέμις εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, οὕτως οὐδὲ τῷ βασκαίνοντι: καὶ πολλῷ μᾶλλον τούτῳ ἢ ἐκείνῳ. Νῦν μὲν γὰρ καὶ ἀδιάφορον εἶναι δοκεῖ: διὸ καὶ ἠμέληται: ἂν δὲ φανερὸν γένηται πονηρὸν ὂν, ἀποστησόμεθα ῥᾳδίως. Κλαῦσον τοίνυν καὶ στέναξον: θρήνησον καὶ παρακάλεσον τὸν Θεόν. Μάθε ὡς περὶ ἁμαρτήματος χαλεποῦ διακεῖσθαι καὶ μετανοεῖν. Κἂν οὕτω διατεθῇς, ταχέως ἀπαλλαγήσῃ τοῦ νοσήματος. Καὶ τίς ἀγνοεῖ, φησὶν, ὅτι πονηρὸν ἡ βασκανία; Ἀγνοεῖ μὲν οὐδείς: οὐ μὴν τὴν αὑτὴν περὶ πορνείας καὶ μοιχείας ἔχουσι δόξαν, καὶ περὶ τοῦ πάθους τούτου. Πότε γοῦν ἑαυτοῦ τις κατέγνω πικρῶς βασκήνας; πότε Θεὸν ἠξίωσεν ὑπὲρ τούτου τοῦ νοσήματος, ὥστε γενέσθαι αὐτῷ ἵλεων; Οὐδεὶς οὐδέποτε: ἀλλ' εἰ νηστεύσει καὶ πένητι δῷ μικρὸν ἀργύριον, κἂν μυριάκις βάσκανος ᾖ, οὐδὲν ἡγεῖται πεποιηκέναι δεινὸν, τῷ πάντων μιαρωτέρῳ κατεχόμενος πάθει. Πόθεν γοῦν ὁ Κάϊν τοιοῦτος ἐγένετο; πόθεν ὁ Ἡσαῦ; πόθεν οἱ τοῦ Λάβαν παῖδες; πόθεν οἱ τοῦ Ἰακὼβ υἱοί; πόθεν οἱ περὶ Κορὲ καὶ Δαθὰν καὶ Ἀβειρών; πόθεν Μαρία; πόθεν Ἀαρών; πόθεν αὐτὸς ὁ διάβολος; δʹ. Μετὰ τούτων κἀκεῖνο ἐννόει, ὅτι οὐ τὸν φθονούμενον ἀδικεῖς, ἀλλὰ κατὰ σαυτοῦ τὸ ξίφος ὠθεῖς. Τί γὰρ τὸν Ἄβελ ἠδίκησεν ὁ Κάϊν; Οὐκ ἐκεῖνον μὲν ταχύτερον καὶ ἄκων εἰς βασιλείαν παρέπεμψεν, ἑαυτὸν δὲ μυρίοις περιέπειρε κακοῖς. Τί τὸν Ἰακὼβ ἔβλαψεν ὁ Ἡσαῦ; οὐχὶ ὁ μὲν ἐπλούτει καὶ μυρίων ἀπέλαυεν ἀγαθῶν, αὐτὸς δὲ καὶ τῆς πατρῴας οἰκίας ἐξέπιπτε, καὶ ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ ἐπλανᾶτο μετὰ τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν ἐκείνην; Τί δὲ οἱ παῖδες τούτου τὸν Ἰωσὴφ ἐποίησαν χείρω, καὶ ταῦτα μέχρις αἵματος ἐλθόντες; οὐχὶ οὗτοι μὲν καὶ λιμὸν ὑπέμειναν καὶ περὶ τῶν ἐσχάτων ἐκινδύνευσαν, ἐκεῖνος δὲ βασιλεὺς γέγονε τῆς Αἰγύπτου ἁπάσης; Ὅσῳ γὰρ ἂν φθονῇς, τοσούτῳ γίνῃ μειζόνων πρόξενος ἀγαθῶν τῷ φθονουμένῳ. Θεὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ταῦτα ἐφορῶν: καὶ ὅταν ἴδῃ τὸν οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦντα ἀδικούμενον, αὐτὸν μὲν ἐπαίρει μᾶλλον καὶ ποιεῖ λαμπρὸν ταύτῃ, σὲ δὲ κολάζει. Εἰ γὰρ τοὺς ἐφηδομένους τοῖς ἐχθροῖς οὐκ ἀφίησιν ἀτιμωρητὶ παρελθεῖν, Μὴ ἐπίχαιρε γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐπὶ πτώματι ἐχθρῶν σου, μή ποτε ἴδῃ ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀρέσῃ αὐτῷ: πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοὺς βασκαίνοντας τοῖς οὐδὲν ἠδικηκόσιν. Ἐκκόψωμεν τοίνυν τὸ πολυκέφαλον θηρίον. Καὶ γὰρ πολλὰ τὰ εἴδη τῆς βασκανίας. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ τὸν φιλοῦντα ἀγαπῶν οὐδὲν πλέον ἔχει τοῦ τελώνου, ὁ τὸν οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦντα μισῶν ποῦ στήσεται; πῶς δὲ ἐκφεύξεται τὴν γέενναν, τῶν ἐθνικῶν χείρων γινόμενος; Διὸ καὶ σφόδρα ὀδυνῶμαι, ὅτι οἱ τοὺς ἀγγέλους, μᾶλλον δὲ τῶν ἀγγέλων τὸν Δεσπότην μιμεῖσθαι κελευόμενοι, τὸν διάβολον ζηλοῦμεν. Καὶ γὰρ πολλὴ καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ ἡ βασκανία μᾶλλον δὲ ἐν ἡμῖν ἢ ἐν τοῖς ἀρχομένοις. Διὸ καὶ ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς διαλεκτέον. Τίνος γὰρ ἕνεκεν, εἰπέ μοι, βασκαίνεις τῷ πλησίον; Ὅτι τιμῆς ἀπολαύοντα βλέπεις καὶ χρηστῶν ῥημάτων; Εἶτα οὐκ ἐννοεῖς πόσον φέρουσι κακὸν αἱ τιμαὶ τοῖς μὴ προσέχουσιν; εἰς κενοδοξίαν αἴρουσαι, εἰς τῦφον, εἰς ἀπόνοιαν, εἰς ὑπεροψίαν, ῥᾳθυμοτέρους ποιοῦσαι: καὶ μετὰ τούτων τῶν κακῶν καὶ μαραίνονται ῥᾳδίως. Τὸ γὰρ δὴ χαλεπώτατον τοῦτο, ὅτι τὰ μὲν ἐξ αὐτοῦ κακὰ ἀθάνατα μένει: ἡ δὲ ἡδονὴ ὁμοῦ τε ἐφάνη καὶ ἀπέπτη. Διὰ ταῦτα οὖν βασκαίνεις; εἰπέ μοι. Ἀλλ' ἐξουσίαν ἔχει παρὰ τῷ κρατοῦντι πολλὴν, καὶ ἄγει καὶ φέρει πάντα ὅποι θέλει, καὶ τοὺς προσκρούοντας λυπεῖ, καὶ τοὺς κολακεύοντας εὐεργετεῖ, καὶ πολλὴν ἔχει δύναμιν. Βιωτικῶν ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα, καὶ τῶν τῇ γῇ προσηλωμένων ἀνθρώπων ἐστί. Τὸν γὰρ πνευματικὸν οὐδὲν λυπῆσαι δυνήσεται. Τί γὰρ αὐτῷ ἐργάσεται δεινόν; ἀποχειροτονήσει τῆς ἀξίας; Καὶ τί τοῦτο; Ἂν μὲν γὰρ δικαίως, καὶ ὠφελεῖται: οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω παροξύνει Θεὸν, ὡς τὸ παρ' ἀξίαν ἱερᾶσθαι: ἂν δὲ ἀδίκως, τὸ ἔγκλημα πάλιν ἐπὶ ἐκεῖνον, οὐκ ἐπὶ τοῦτον χωρεῖ: ὁ γὰρ ἀδίκως τι παθὼν, καὶ γενναίως ἐνεγκὼν, πλείονα ταύτῃ κτᾶται πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν τὴν παῤῥησίαν. Μὴ τοίνυν τοῦτο σκοπῶμεν, ὅπως ὦμεν ἐν δυναστείαις, καὶ ἐν τιμαῖς, καὶ ἐν ἐξουσίαις, ἀλλ' ὅπως ὦμεν ἐν ἀρετῇ καὶ φιλοσοφίᾳ. Ὡς αἵ γε ἐξουσίαι πολλὰ τῶν τῷ Θεῷ μὴ δοκούντων ποιεῖν πείθουσι, καὶ σφόδρα νεανικῆς δεῖ ψυχῆς, ὥστε τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ εἰς δέον χρήσασθαι. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἀπεστερημένος αὐτῆς, καὶ ἑκὼν καὶ ἄκων φιλοσοφεῖ: ὁ δὲ ἀπολαύων αὐτῆς, τοιοῦτόν τι πάσχει, οἷον ἂν εἴ τις κόρῃ συνοικῶν εὐειδεῖ καὶ καλῇ, νόμους δέξαιτο μηδέποτε εἰς αὐτὴν ἰδεῖν ἀκολάστως. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ἡ ἐξουσία. Διὸ πολλοὺς καὶ ἄκοντας εἰς τὸ ὑβρίζειν ἐνέβαλε, καὶ θυμὸν ἤγειρε, καὶ χαλινὸν γλώττης ἀφεῖλε, καὶ θύραν ἀνέσπασε στόματος, ὥσπερ ὑπὸ πνεύματος τὴν ψυχὴν ἀναῤῥιπίζουσα, καὶ εἰς τὸν ἔσχατον τῶν κακῶν βυθὸν καταποντίζουσα τὸ σκάφος. Τὸν οὖν ἐν τοσούτῳ κινδύνῳ θαυμάζεις, καὶ ζηλωτὸν εἶναι φῄς; καὶ πόσης ταῦτα ἀνοίας; Ἐννόησον γοῦν μετὰ τῶν εἰρημένων, πόσους ἐχθροὺς καὶ κατηγόρους, πόσους δὲ κόλακας οὗτος ἔχει πολιορκοῦντας αὐτόν. Ταῦτ' οὖν, εἰπέ μοι, μακαρισμῶν ἄξια; Καὶ τίς ἂν τοῦτο εἴποι; Ἀλλὰ παρὰ τῷ λαῷ, φησὶν, εὐδοκιμεῖ. Καὶ τί τοῦτο; Οὐ γὰρ δὴ ὁ λαός ἐστιν ὁ Θεὸς, ᾧ μέλλει τὰς εὐθύνας ὑπέχειν. Ὥστε ὅταν λαὸν εἴπῃς, οὐδὲν ἄλλο λέγεις, ἢ προβόλους ἑτέρους, καὶ σκοπέλους, καὶ ὑφάλους, καὶ σπιλάδας. Τὸ γὰρ εὐδοκιμεῖν ἐν δήμῳ, ὅσῳ λαμπρότερον ποιεῖ, τοσούτῳ μείζους ἔχει τοὺς κινδύνους, τὰς φροντίδας, τὰς ἀθυμίας. Ἀναπνεῦσαι γὰρ ὁ τοιοῦτος ἢ στῆναι οὐ δύναται ὅλως, οὕτω πικρὸν ἔχων δεσπότην. Καὶ τί λέγω στῆναι καὶ ἀναπνεῦσαι; Κἂν μυρία κατορθώματα ἔχῃ ὁ τοιοῦτος, δυσκόλως εἰς βασιλείαν εἰσέρχεται. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτως ἐκτραχηλιάζειν εἴωθεν, ὡς ἡ παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν δόξα, δειλοὺς, ἀγεννεῖς, κόλακας, ὑποκριτὰς ποιοῦσα. Τίνος γοῦν ἕνεκεν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι τὸν Χριστὸν ἔλεγον δαιμονᾷν; οὐκ ἐπειδὴ τῆς παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν ἐπεθύμουν δόξης; Πόθεν δὲ οἱ πολλοὶ τὴν ὀρθὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ ἔφερον ψῆφον; Οὐκ ἐπειδὴ τούτῳ οὐ κατείχοντο τῷ νοσήματι; Οὐδὲν γὰρ, οὐδὲν οὕτω ποιεῖ παρανόμους καὶ ἀνοήτους, ὡς τὸ πρὸς τὴν τῶν πολλῶν κεχηνέναι δόξαν: οὐδὲν εὐδοκίμους καὶ ἀδαμαντίνους, ὡς τὸ ταύτης ὑπερορᾷν. Διὸ καὶ σφόδρα νεανικῆς δεῖ ψυχῆς τῷ μέλλοντι πρὸς τοσαύτην ἀντέχειν ῥύμην καὶ βίαν πνεύματος. Καὶ γὰρ ὅταν εὐημερῇ, πάντων ἑαυτὸν προτίθησι: καὶ ὅταν τἀναντία ὑπομείνῃ, κατορύξαι ἑαυτὸν βούλεται: καὶ τοῦτο αὐτῷ καὶ γέεννα καὶ βασιλεία, ὅταν ὑποβρύχιος ὑπὸ τοῦ πάθους γένηται τούτου. εʹ. Ταῦτα οὖν φθόνων ἄξια, εἰπέ μοι; ἀλλ' οὐχὶ θρήνων καὶ δακρύων; Παντί που δῆλον. Σὺ δὲ ταὐτὸν ποιεῖς φθονῶν τῷ οὕτως εὐδοκιμοῦντι, ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις δεδεμένον ἰδὼν καὶ μεμαστιγωμένον καὶ ὑπὸ μυρίων ἑλκόμενον θηρίων, ἐβάσκαινεν αὐτῷ τῶν τραυμάτων καὶ μαστίγων. Καὶ γὰρ ὅσους ἂν ἀνθρώπους ὁ δῆμος ἔχῃ, τοσούτους καὶ οὗτος δεσμοὺς, τοσούτους δεσπότας: καὶ τὸ δὴ χαλεπώτερον, ὅτι καὶ διάφορον τούτων ἕκαστος γνώμην ἔχει, καὶ τὰ ἐπιόντα περὶ τοῦ δουλεύοντος αὐτοῖς ψηφίζονται πάντες, οὐδὲν βασανίζοντες, ἀλλ' ἅπερ ἂν τῷ δεῖνι δόξῃ καὶ τῷ δεῖνι, ταῦτα καὶ αὐτοὶ κυροῦντες. Ποίων οὖν ταῦτα κυμάτων, ποίου κλύδωνος οὐ χαλεπώτερα; Καὶ γὰρ καὶ φυσᾶται ἀθρόον ὑπὸ τῆς ἡδονῆς ὁ τοιοῦτος, καὶ βαπτίζεται πάλιν εὐκόλως, ἐν ἀνωμαλίᾳ μὲν ἀεὶ, ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ δὲ οὐδέποτε ὤν. Πρὸ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ θεάτρου καὶ τῶν ἐν τῷ λέγειν ἀγώνων, ἐν ἀγωνίᾳ καὶ τρόμῳ κατέχεται: μετὰ δὲ τὸ θέατρον, ἢ ἀποτέθνηκεν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀθυμίας, ἢ χαίρει πάλιν ἀμέτρως: ὅπερ λύπης ἐστὶ χαλεπώτερον. Ὅτι γὰρ ἡδονὴ λύπης οὐκ ἔλαττόν ἐστι κακὸν, δῆλον ἀφ' ὧν τὴν ψυχὴν διατίθησι: καὶ γὰρ καὶ κούφην ποιεῖ καὶ μετέωρον καὶ ἀνεπτερωμένην. Καὶ τοῦτο καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν προτέρων ἀνδρῶν ἔστιν ἰδεῖν. Πότε γοῦν καλὸς ἦν ὁ Δαυΐδ; ὅτε ἔχαιρεν, ἢ ὅτε ἐν στενοχωρίᾳ ἦν; Πότε τῶν Ἰουδαίων ὁ δῆμος; ὅτε ἔστενον καὶ τὸν Θεὸν ἐκάλουν, ἢ ὅτε ἔχαιρον ἐπὶ τῆς ἐρήμου, καὶ τὸν μόσχον προσεκύνουν; Διὸ καὶ ὁ Σολομὼν, ὁ μάλιστα πάντων εἰδὼς τί ποτέ ἐστιν ἡδονὴ, φησίν: Ἀγαθὸν πορευθῆναι εἰς οἶκον πένθους, ἢ εἰς οἶκον γέλωτος. Διὸ καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς τοὺς μὲν μακαρίζει λέγων, Μακάριοι οἱ πενθοῦντες: τοὺς δὲ ταλανίζειν Οὐαὶ γὰρ ὑμῖν, οἱ γελῶντες, ὅτι κλαύσετε. Καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Ἐν μὲν γὰρ τρυφῇ χαυνοτέρα ἐστὶν ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ μαλακωτέρα: ἐν δὲ πένθει συνέσταλται καὶ σωφρονεῖ, καὶ τοῦ τῶν παθῶν ἐσμοῦ παντὸς ἀπήλλακται, καὶ ὑψηλοτέρα γίνεται καὶ ἰσχυροτέρα. Ταῦτ' οὖν ἅπαντα εἰδότες, φεύγωμεν τὴν παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν δόξαν καὶ τὴν ἐξ αὐτῆς ἡδονὴν, ἵνα τῆς ὄντως δόξης καὶ μενούσης ἀεὶ τύχωμεν: ἧς γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.