to many souls, in some there is an excellence of intellect, in others a fitness for discipline. But when neither the action nor the excellence is for the sake of the good itself, nor do those who possess these advantages ascribe them to God, the giver of good things, but to their own choice and excellence and ability, such men, being abandoned, or being taken into base deeds or base passions and shame, through the resulting humiliation and shame, somehow gently rub off the pride based on their supposed virtue. 47.9 For since he who is puffed up by the excellence of his words, being exalted, does not ascribe his excellence or the supply of knowledge to God, but to his own discipline or nature, God withdraws the angel of providence from him; and when he has turned away, the one who was exalted for his excellence, being overcome by the adversary, falls into licentiousness through pride, so that, when the witness of his moderation has been taken away, the things said by him become unworthy of belief, as the pious flee the teaching from such a mouth just as from a spring that has leeches; so that what is written is fulfilled: "But to the sinner God said: Why do you declare my statutes, and take up my covenant in your mouth?" 47.10 For in truth the souls of the passionate are like various springs: the gluttonous and wine-lovers are like muddy springs; the avaricious and covetous are like springs having frogs; but the envious and proud, who have a fitness for knowledge, are like springs that nourish serpents, in which speech always stagnates, but no one gladly draws from them because of the bitterness of their character. Wherefore David prayed, asking for three things, "goodness and discipline and knowledge." For without goodness, knowledge is useless. 47.11 And if such a one corrects himself, putting away the cause of his abandonment, that is, his pride, and takes up humility and recognizes his own measure, being exalted against no one, and giving thanks to God, witnessed knowledge returns to him again. For spiritual words that do not have a venerable and sober life riding along with them are like wind-blighted ears of corn, having the form, but with the nourishment stolen away. 47.12 Every fall, therefore, whether through the tongue or through sense or through action, or through the whole body, happens through abandonment in proportion to pride, God sparing those who are abandoned. For if, along with their licentiousness, the Lord should also bear witness to their excellence by the supply of words, pride would make them demons, being exalted along with their impurity." 47.13 And those men also said these things to us: "When you see, he says, someone difficult in life but persuasive in speech, remember the demon from the holy scripture who conversed with Christ, and the testimony that says: "Now the serpent was more crafty than any of the wild animals on the earth"; for whom craftiness has become rather a harm, since no other virtue accompanied it for him. For the faithful and good man must think what God gives, speak what he thinks, and do what he speaks. 47.14 For if the kinship of one's life does not run together with the truth of one's words, it is bread without salt according to Job, which will not be eaten at all, or if eaten, will lead to a bad state for those who eat it; "For can bread be eaten, he says, without salt? And is there taste in empty words" not filled with the testimony of works? Of abandonments, then, one cause is for the sake of a hidden virtue, that it may be revealed, as in the case of Job, when God declared to him and said: "Do not reject my judgment, nor think that I have dealt with you otherwise, but that you might be shown to be righteous." 47.15 For you were known to me who sees hidden things, but since you were unknown to men, who suspected you of serving me on account of your wealth, I brought on the tribulation, I reaped away the wealth, that I might show them your grateful philosophy; and another is for the turning away of pride, as in the case of Paul; for Paul was abandoned, being assailed by tribulations and buffetings and various afflictions, and he said:
πολλαῖς ψυχαῖς, ἐν ταῖς μὲν εὐφυία διανοίας, ἐν ταῖς δὲ ἐπιτηδειότης ἀσκήσεως. Ἀλλ' ὅταν μὴ γένηται δι' αὐτὸ τὸ καλὸν μήτε ἡ πρᾶξις μήτε ἡ εὐφυία, μήτε οἱ τὰ προτερήματα κεκτημένοι οὐ τῷ δοτῆρι τῶν ἀγαθῶν θεῷ ἐπιγράφουσιν, ἀλλὰ τῇ ἰδίᾳ προαιρέσει καὶ εὐφυίᾳ καὶ ἱκανότητι, οἱ τοιοῦτοι ἐγκαταλειφθέντες, ἢ εἰς αἰσχρουργίαν ἢ εἰς αἰσχροπάθειαν καὶ αἰσχύνην ληφθέν τες, διὰ τῆς ἐπιγινομένης ταπεινώσεως καὶ αἰσχύνης ἠρέμα πως τὸν ἐπὶ τῇ νομιζομένῃ ἀρετῇ ἀποτρίβονται τῦφον. 47.9 Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ὁ πεφυσιωμένος ἐπὶ εὐφυίᾳ λόγων ἐπαιρό μενος οὐκ ἐπιγράφει θεῷ τὴν εὐφυίαν οὐδὲ τὴν χορηγίαν τῆς γνώσεως, ἀλλὰ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ἀσκήσει ἢ φύσει, ἀφιστᾷ ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄγγελον τῆς προνοίας ἀπ' αὐτοῦ· οὗ ἀποστρα φέντος καταδυναστευθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀντικειμένου ὁ ἐπαι ρόμενος ἐπὶ τῇ εὐφυίᾳ περιπίπτει τῇ ἀκολασίᾳ διὰ ὑπε ρηφανίας, ἵνα τοῦ μάρτυρος τῆς σωφροσύνης ἀφαιρεθέντος ἀναξιόπιστα γένηται τὰ λεγόμενα παρ' αὐτῶν, φευγόντων τῶν εὐλαβῶν τὴν ἐκ τοῦ τοιούτου στόματος διδασκαλίαν καθάπερ πηγὴν βδέλλας ἔχουσαν· ὡς πληροῦσθαι τὸ γε γραμμένον· "Τῷ δὲ ἁμαρτωλῷ εἶπεν ὁ θεός· Ἵνα τί σὺ ἐκδιηγῇ τὰ δικαιώματά μου καὶ ἀναλαμβάνεις τὴν δια θήκην μου διὰ στόματός σου;" 47.10 Ἐοίκασι γὰρ ἀληθῶς αἱ τῶν ἐμπαθῶν ψυχαὶ διαφόροις πηγαῖς· οἱ μὲν γαστρίμαρ γοι καὶ οἰνόφιλοι πηγαῖς βορβορώδεσιν· οἱ δὲ φιλάργυροι καὶ πλεονεκταὶ πηγαῖς βατράχους ἐχούσαις· οἱ δὲ βάσκα νοι καὶ ὑπερήφανοι ἐπιτηδειότητα δὲ γνώσεως ἔχοντες, πηγαῖς ὄφεις τρεφούσαις, αἷς ἀεὶ μὲν ἐνλιμνάζει ὁ λόγος, μηδένα δὲ ἡδέως ἀρύεσθαι τούτων διὰ τὴν πικρίαν τοῦ ἤθους. Ὅθεν ὁ ∆αβὶδ παρεκάλει τρία αἰτῶν, "χρηστότητα καὶ παιδείαν καὶ γνῶσιν". Ἄνευ γὰρ χρηστότητος γνῶσις ἄχρηστος· 47.11 καὶ ἐὰν μὲν διορθώσηται ὁ τοιοῦτος, τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς ἐγκαταλείψεως ἀποθέμενος, τουτέστι τὸν τῦφον, καὶ ἀναλάβῃ ταπεινοφροσύνην καὶ ἐπιγνῷ ἑαυτοῦ τὰ μέτρα, μήτε κατά τινος ἐπαιρόμενος, καὶ τῷ θεῷ εὐχαριστῶν, ἐπανέρχεται πάλιν εἰς αὐτὸν ἡ ἐμμάρτυρος γνῶσις. Λόγοι γὰρ πνευματικοὶ βίον σεμνὸν καὶ σώφρονα μὴ ἔχοντες συνιππάζοντα στάχυές εἰσιν ἀνεμόφθοροι, τὸ μὲν σχῆμα ἔχοντες, τὸ δὲ τρόφιμον ὑποκλαπέντες. 47.12 Πᾶσα οὖν πτῶ σις, εἴτε διὰ γλώσσης εἴτε δι' αἰσθήσεως εἴτε ἡ διὰ πρά ξεως, εἴτε ἡ δι' ὅλου τοῦ σώματος, πρὸς τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς ὑπερηφανίας κατ' ἐγκατάλειψιν γίνεται, θεοῦ φειδο μένου τῶν ἐγκαταλιμπανομένων. Εἰ γὰρ μετὰ τῆς ἀκο λασίας καὶ τῇ εὐφυίᾳ αὐτῶν μαρτυρήσει τῇ χορηγίᾳ τῶν λόγων ὁ κύριος, δαίμονας αὐτοὺς ἀπεργάζεται ἡ ὑπερη φανία ἐπαιρομένους μετὰ ἀκαθαρσίας". 47.13 Καὶ ταῦτα δὲ ἡμῖν ἔλεγον οἱ ἐκεῖνοι ἄνδρες· "Ὅταν ἴδῃς, φησί, τινὰ βίῳ μὲν χαλεπὸν λόγῳ δὲ πιθανόν, μνημό νευσον τοῦ δαίμονος τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς ἁγίας γραφῆς Χριστῷ ὁμιλοῦντος, καὶ τῆς λεγούσης μαρτυρίας· "Ὁ δὲ ὄφις ἦν φρονιμώτατος πάντων τῶν θηρίων τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς"· ᾧ ἡ φρόνησις μᾶλλον· εἰς βλάβην γεγένηται ἄλλης ἀρετῆς αὐτῷ μὴ συνδραμούσης. ∆εῖ γὰρ τὸν πιστὸν καὶ ἀγαθὸν φρονεῖν μὲν ἃ δίδωσιν ὁ θεός, λαλεῖν δὲ ἃ φρονεῖ, ποιεῖν δὲ ἃ λαλεῖ. 47.14 Ἐὰν γὰρ μὴ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ τῶν λόγων ἡ τοῦ βίου συντρέχῃ συγγένεια, ἄρτος ἐστὶν ἄνευ ἁλὸς κατὰ τὸν Ἰώβ, ὃς οὐ βρωθήσεται οὐδαμῶς, ἢ βρωθεὶς ἄξει εἰς καχεξίαν τοὺς ἐσθίοντας αὐτόν· "Εἰ βρωθήσεται γάρ, φησίν, ἄρτος ἄνευ ἁλός; Καὶ εἰ ἔστι γεῦμα ἐν ῥήμασι κενοῖς" μὴ πεπληρωμένοις τῇ μαρτυρίᾳ τῶν ἔργων; Τῶν οὖν ἐγκα ταλείψεων αἱ αἰτίαι ἡ μέν ἐστι διὰ κεκρυμμένην ἀρετήν, ἵνα φανερωθῇ, ὡς ἡ τοῦ Ἰώβ, τοῦ θεοῦ χρηματίζοντος αὐτῷ καὶ λέγοντος· "Μὴ ἀποποιοῦ μου τὸ κρῖμα, μη δὲ οἴου με ἄλλως σοι κεχρηματικέναι, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἀναφανῇς δίκαιος". 47.15 Ἐμοὶ γὰρ ἦς γνωστὸς τῷ ὁρῶντι τὰ κρυπ τά, ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἠγνόου τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, ὑπονοούντων σε διὰ τὸν πλοῦτον θεραπεύειν με, ἐπήγαγον τὴν περίστασιν, ἀπεθέρισα τὸν πλοῦτον, ἵνα δείξω αὐτοῖς τὴν εὐχάριστόν σου φιλοσοφίαν· ἡ δὲ δι' ἀποτροπὴν ὑπερηφανίας, ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ Παύλου· ἐγκατελείφθη γὰρ ὁ Παῦλος περιστάσεσι καὶ κολαφισμοῖς καὶ διαφόροις θλίψεσι βαλλόμενος, καὶ ἔλε γεν·