Homily XLI.

John v. 39, 40

“Search the Scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life; and they are they which testify of Me. And ye will not come to Me that ye might have [eternal1124   not in G. T.] life.”

[1.] Beloved, let us make great account of spiritual things, and not think that it is sufficient for us to salvation to pursue them anyhow. For if in things of this life a man can gain no great profit if he conduct them in an indifferent and chance way, much more will this be the case in spiritual things, since these require yet greater attention. Wherefore Christ when He referred the Jews to the Scriptures, sent them not to a mere reading, but a careful and considerate1125   al. “inquisitive.” search; for He said not, “Read the Scriptures,” but, “Search the Scriptures.” Since the sayings relating to Him required great attention, (for they had been concealed from the beginning for the advantage of the men of that time,) He biddeth them now dig down with care that they might be able to discover what lay in the depth below. These sayings were not on the surface, nor were they cast forth to open view, but lay like some treasure hidden very deep. Now he that searcheth for hidden things, except he seek them with care and toil, will never find the object of his search. For which cause He said, “Search the Scriptures, because in them ye think ye have eternal life.” He said not, “Ye have,” but “ye think,” showing that they gained from them nothing great or high, expecting as they did to be saved by the mere reading, without the addi tion of1126   al. “being destitute of.” faith. What He saith therefore is of this kind: “Do ye not admire the Scriptures, do ye not think that they are the causes of all life? By these I confirm My claims now, for they are they which testify of Me, yet ye will not come to Me that ye may have eternal life.” It was thus with good reason that He said, “ye think,” because they would not obey, but merely prided themselves on the bare reading. Then lest owing to His very tender care He should incur among them the suspicion of vainglory, and because He desired to be believed by them, should be deemed to be seeking His own; (for He reminded them of the words of John, and of the witness of God, and of His own works, and said all He could to draw them to Him, and promised them “life”;1127   al. “and promised all those things so as to draw them to Himself.”) since, I say, it was likely that many would suspect that He spake these things from a desire of glory, hear what He saith:

Ver. 41. “I receive not honor from men.”

That is, “I need it not”: “My nature,” He saith, “is not of such a kind as to need the honor which is from men, for if the sun can receive no addition from the light of a candle, much farther am I from needing the honor which is from men.” “Why then,” asks some one, “sayest thou these things, if thou needest it not?” “That ye may be saved.” This He positively asserted above, and the same He implied here also, by saying, “that ye might have life.” Moreover, He putteth another reason:

Ver. 42. “But I know you that ye have not the love of God in you.”

For when under pretense of loving God they1128   al. “they often.” persecuted Him because He made Himself equal with God, and He knew that they would not believe Him, lest any one should ask, “why speakest thou these words?” “I speak them,” He saith, “to convict you of this, that it is not for the love of God that ye persecute Me, if it be so that He testifieth to Me both by works and by the Scriptures. For as before this when ye deemed Me an enemy of God ye drove Me away, so now, since I have declared these things, ye ought to have hastened to Me, if ye had really loved. God. But ye love Him not. And therefore have I spoken these words, to show that you are possessed with excessive pride, that you are vainly boasting and shading over1129   al. “veiling.” your own enviousness.” And the same He proveth not by these things only, but by those that should come to pass.

Ver. 43. “I am come in My Father’s name, and ye receive Me not; if another shall come in his own name, him will ye receive.”

[2.] Seest thou that He everywhere declareth that He hath been “sent,” that judgment hath been committed to Him by the Father, that He can do nothing of Himself, in order that He may cut off all excuse for their unfairness? But who is it that He here saith shall come “in his own name”? He alludeth here to Antichrist, and putteth1130   al. “whom also He putteth.” an incontrovertible proof of their unfairness. “For if as loving God ye persecute Me, much more ought this to have taken place1131   al. “ought ye to do this.” in the case of Antichrist. For he will neither say that he is sent by the Father, nor that he cometh according to his will, but in everything contrariwise, seizing like a tyrant what belongeth not to him, and asserting that he is the very God over all, as Paul saith, ‘Exalting himself above all that is called God, or that is worshiped, showing himself that he is God.’ ( 2 Thess. ii. 4.) This is to ‘come in his own name.’ I do not so, but am come in the Name of My Father.” That they received not One who said that He was sent of God, was a sufficient proof that they loved not God; but now from the contrary of this fact, from their being about to receive Antichrist, He showeth their shamelessness.1132   al. “enviousness.” For when they received not One who asserteth that He was sent by God, and are about to worship one who knoweth Him not, and who saith that he is God over all, it is clear that their persecution proceeded from malice and from hating God. On this account He putteth two reasons for His words; and first the kinder one,1133   al. “kindness, saying.” “That ye may be saved”; and, “That ye may have life”: and when they would have mocked at Him, He putteth the other which was more striking, showing that even although His hearers should not believe, yet that God was wont always to do His own works. Now Paul speaking concerning Antichrist said prophetically, that “God shall send them strong delusion,—that they all might be judged who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.” ( 2 Thess. ii. 11, 12.) Christ said not, “He shall come”; but, “if He come,” from tenderness for His hearers; and because all their obstinacy1134   al. “wickedness.” was not yet complete. He was silent as to the reason of His coming; but Paul, for those who can understand, has particularly alluded to it. For it is he who taketh away all excuse from them.

Christ then putteth also the cause of their unbelief, saying,

Ver. 44. “How can ye believe, which receive honor one of another, and seek not the honor that cometh from God only?”

Hence again He showeth that they looked not to the things of God, but that under this pretense they desired to gratify private feeling, and were so far from doing this on account of His glory, that they preferred honor from men to that which cometh from Him. How then were they likely to entertain1135   ἀ ναδέχεσθαι such hostility towards Him1136   or, “to take on them such hostility as they would have incurred by following Him.” for a kind of honor which they so despised, as to prefer to it the honor which cometh from men?

Having told them that they had not the love of God, and having proved it by what was doing in His case, and by what should be in the case of Antichrist, and having demonstrated that they were deprived of all excuse, He next bringeth Moses to be their accuser, going on to say,

Ver. 45–47. “Do not think that I will accuse you to the Father; there is one that accuseth you, even Moses, in whom ye trust. For had ye believed Moses, ye would have believed Me; for he wrote of Me. But if ye believe not his writings, how shall ye believe My words?”

What He saith is of this kind: “It is Moses1137   ἐ κεινος who has been insulted more than I1138   or, “before Me.” by your conduct towards Me, for ye have disbelieved him rather than Me.” See how in every way He hath cast them out from all excuse. “Ye said that ye loved God when ye persecuted Me; I have shown that ye did so from hatred of Him: ye say1139   al. “accuse.” that I break the Sabbath and annul the Law; I have rid Me of this slander also: ye maintain1140   al. “profess.” that ye believe in Moses by what ye dare to do against Me; I on the contrary show that this is most to disbelieve in Moses; for so far am I from opposing the Law, that he who shall accuse you is none other than the man who gave you the Law.” As then He said of the Scriptures, in which “ye think ye have eternal life,” so of Moses also He saith, “in whom ye trust”; everywhere conquering them by their own weapons.

“And whence,” saith some one, “is it clear that Moses will accuse us, and that thou art not a boaster? What hast thou to do with Moses? Thou hast broken the Sabbath which he ordained that we should keep; how then should he accuse us? And how doth it appear that we shall believe on another who cometh in his own name? All these assertions thou makest without evidence.” Now in truth all these points are proved above. “For” (Christ would reply) “since it is acknowledged that I came from God, both by the works, by the voice of John, and by the testimony of the Father, it is evident that Moses will accuse the Jews.” For what saith he? “If a man come doing miracles and leading you to God, and truly foretelling things future, ye must hearken unto him with all readiness.” Now Christ had done all this. He wrought miracles in very truth, He drew all men to God, and (so that He1141   Not in all copies.) caused accomplishment to follow His predictions.1142   Not found in so many words. The command is given with this test, Deut. xviii. 18–22; see also Deut. xiii. 1

“But whence doth it appear that they will believe another?” From their hating Christ, since they who turn aside from Him who cometh according to the will of God will, it is quite plain, receive the enemy of God. And marvel not if He now putteth forward Moses, although He said, “I receive not witness from man,” for He referreth them not to Moses, but to the Scriptures of God. However, since the Scriptures terrified them less, He bringeth round His discourse to the very person (of Moses), setting over against them their Lawgiver as their accuser, thus rendering the terror more impressive;1143   al. “more horrible.” and each of their assertions He refuteth. Observe: they said that they persecuted Him through love for God, He showeth that they did so through hating God; they said that they held fast to Moses, He showeth that they acted thus because they believed not Moses. For had they been zealous for the law, they ought to have received Him who fulfilled it; if they loved God they ought to have believed One who drew them to Him, if they believed Moses they ought to have done homage to One of whom Moses prophesied. “But” (saith Christ) “if Moses is disbelieved before My coming, it is nothing unlikely that I, who am heralded by him, should be driven away by you.” As then He had shown from their conduct towards Himself that they who admired John (really) despised him, so now He showeth that they who thought that they believed Moses, believed him not, and turneth back on their own head all that they thought to put forward in their own behalf. “So far,” He saith, “am I from drawing you away from the Law, that I call your Lawgiver himself to be your accuser.”

That the Scriptures testified of Him He declared, but where they testify He added not; desiring to inspire them with greater awe, and to prompt them to search, and to reduce them to the necessity of questioning. For had He told them readily and without their questioning, they would have rejected the testimony; but now, if they gave any heed to His words, they needed first of all to ask, and learn from Him what that testimony was.1144   al. “to enquire even if He held His peace.” On this account He dealeth the more largely in assertions and threats, not in proofs only, that even so He may bring them over by fear of what He saith; but they even so were silent. Such a thing is wickedness; whatsoever a man say or do it is not stirred to move, but remaineth keeping its peculiar venom.

Wherefore we must cast out all wickedness from our souls, and never more contrive any deceit; for, saith one, “To the perverse God sendeth crooked paths” ( Prov. xxi. 8 , LXX.); and, “The holy spirit of discipline1145   σοφίας will flee deceit, and remove from thoughts that are without understanding.” ( Wisd. i. 5.) For nothing maketh men so foolish as wickedness; since when a man is treacherous, unfair,1146   ἀ γνώμων ungrateful, (these are different forms of wickedness,) when without having been wronged he grieves another, when he weaves deceits, how shall he not exhibit an example of excessive folly? Again, nothing maketh men so wise as virtue; it rendereth them thankful and fair-minded, merciful, mild, gentle, and candid; it is wont to be the mother of all other blessings. And what is more understanding than one so disposed? for virtue is the very spring and root of prudence, just as all wickedness hath its beginning in folly. For, the insolent man and the angry become the prey of their respective passions from lack of wisdom; on which account the prophet said, “There is no soundness in my flesh: my wounds stink and are corrupt because of my foolishness” ( Ps. xxxviii. 3, 4 ): showing that all sin hath its beginning in folly: and so the virtuous man who hath the fear of God is more understanding than any; wherefore a wise man hath said, “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom.” ( Prov. i. 7.) If then to fear God is to have wisdom, and the wicked man hath not that fear, he is deprived of that which is wisdom indeed;—and deprived of that which is wisdom indeed, he is more foolish than any. And yet many admire the wicked as being able to do injustice and harm, not knowing that they ought to deem them wretched above all men, who thinking to injure others thrust the sword against themselves;—an act of extremest folly, that a man should strike himself and not even know that he doth so, but should think that he is injuring another while he is killing himself. Wherefore Paul, knowing that we slay ourselves when we smite others, saith, “Why do ye not rather take wrong? Why do ye not rather suffer yourselves to be defrauded?” ( 1 Cor. vi. 7.) For the not suffering wrong consists in doing none, as also the not being ill-used in not using others ill; though this assertion may seem a riddle to the many, and to those who will not learn true wisdom. Knowing this, let us not call wretched or lament for those who suffer injury or insult, but for such who inflict these things; these are they who have been most injured, who have made God to be at war with them, and have opened the mouths of ten thousand accusers, who are getting an evil reputation in the present life, and drawing down on themselves severe punishment in the life to come. While those who have been wronged by them, and have nobly borne it all, have God favorable to them, and all to condone with, and praise, and entertain them. Such as these in the present life, shall enjoy an exceeding good report, as affording the strongest example of true wisdom, and in the life to come shall share the good things everlasting; to which may we all attain through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom to the Father and the Holy Ghost be glory, now and ever, and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΜΑʹ. Ἐρευνᾶτε τὰς Γραφὰς, ὅτι ὑμεῖς δοκεῖτε ἐν αὐ ταῖς ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχειν: κἀκεῖναί εἰσιν αἱ μαρτυροῦσαι περὶ ἐμοῦ: καὶ οὐ θέλετε ἐλθεῖν πρός με, ἵνα ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχητε. αʹ. Πολὺν ποιώμεθα τῶν πνευματικῶν, ἀγαπητοὶ, λόγον, μηδὲ ἀρκεῖν ἡμῖν νομίζωμεν πρὸς σωτηρίαν, τὸ καὶ ὁπωσοῦν αὐτὰ μετιέναι. Εἰ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς βιωτικοῖς οὐδὲν μέγα ἀπόνασθαι δυνήσεταί τις, παρέργως καὶ ὡς ἔτυχεν αὐτοῖς κεχρημένος: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐν τοῖς πνευματικοῖς τοῦτο συμβήσεται, ἐπειδὴ καὶ πλείονος ταῦτα δεῖται σπουδῆς. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς παραπέμπων τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ταῖς Γραφαῖς, οὐκ εἰς ἁπλῆν ἀνάγνωσιν, ἀλλ' εἰς ἔρευναν ἀκριβῆ καὶ κατανενοημένην αὐτοὺς παρέπεμπεν. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἀναγινώσκετε τὰς Γραφάς: ἀλλ', Ἐρευνᾶτε τὰς Γραφάς. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ λεγόμενα πολλῆς ἐδεῖτο τῆς ἐπιμελείας (συνεσκίαστο γὰρ ἄνωθεν συμφερόντως τοῖς τότε), διὰ τοῦτο καὶ διασκάπτειν αὐτοὺς μετὰ ἀκριβείας κελεύει νῦν, ἵνα τὰ ἐν τῷ βάθει κείμενα δυνηθῶσι εὑρεῖν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐξ ἐπιπολῆς εἴρητο, οὐδὲ ὑπὲρ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν ἔῤῥιπτο: ἀλλ' ὥσπερ τις θησαυρὸς ἐν πολλῷ τῷ βάθει κατέκειτο. Ὁ δὲ τὰ κάτω κείμενα ζητῶν ἂν μὴ μετὰ ἀκριβείας ζητῇ καὶ πόνου, οὐδέποτε δυνήσεται εὑρεῖν τὸ ζητούμενον. Διά τοι τοῦτο καὶ εἰπὼν, Ἐρευνᾶτε τὰς Γραφὰς, ἐπήγαγεν: Ὅτι ὑμεῖς δοκεῖτε ἐν αὐταῖς ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχειν. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἔχετε: ἀλλὰ, Δοκεῖτε, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐκαρποῦντο μέγα τι καὶ γενναῖον, ἀπὸ τῆς ἀναγνώσεως σωθήσεσθαι προσδοκῶντες μόνης, πίστεως ἔρημοι ὄντες. Ὃ τοίνυν λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν: Οὐχὶ θαυμάζετε τὰς Γραφάς; οὐχὶ πάσης ζωῆς νομίζετε αἰτίας εἶναι; Ἀπὸ τούτων καὶ αὐτὸς ἰσχυρίζομαι νῦν. Αὗται γάρ εἰσιν αἱ μαρτυροῦσαι περὶ ἐμοῦ, καὶ οὐ θέλετε ἐλθεῖν πρός με, ἵνα ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχητε. Εἰκότως τοίνυν ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Δοκεῖτε, διὰ τὸ μὴ βούλεσθαι αὐτοὺς πείθεσθαι, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τῇ ψιλῇ ἀναγνώσει μόνον αὐχεῖν. Εἶτα ἵνα μὴ ἐκ πολλῆς κηδεμονίας φιλοδοξίας λάβῃ παρ' αὐτοῖς ὑπόνοιαν, καὶ διὰ τὸ βούλεσθαι πιστευθῆναι παρ' αὐτῶν τὸ ἑαυτοῦ σκοπεῖν νομίζηται (καὶ γὰρ τῆς Ἰωάννου φωνῆς ἀνέμνησε, καὶ τῆς μαρτυρίας τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ τῶν ἔργων τῶν αὐτοῦ, καὶ πάντα ἔλεγεν ὥστε αὐτοὺς ἐπισπάσασθαι, καὶ ζωὴν ἐπηγγείλατο): ἐπεὶ οὖν πολλοὺς εἰκὸς ἦν ὑποπτεύειν ὅτι δόξης ἐρῶν ταῦτα ἔλεγεν, ἄκουσον τί ἐπάγει: Δόξαν παρὰ ἀνθρώπου οὐ λαμβάνω: τουτέστιν, Οὐ δέομαι. Οὐκ ἔστι, φησὶν, ἡ φύσις ἡ ἐμὴ τοιαύτη, ὥστε δεῖσθαι τῆς παρὰ ἀνθρώπων δόξης. Εἰ γὰρ ἥλιος ἀπὸ λυχνιαίου φωτὸς οὐκ ἂν λάβοι προσθήκην: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐγὼ τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης ἀφέξω δεηθῆναι δόξης. Καὶ τίνος, φησὶν, ἕνεκεν ταῦτα λέγεις, ἐὰν οὐ δέῃ; Ἵνα ὑμεῖς σωθῆτε. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μὲν ἀνωτέρῳ εἴρηκεν: ᾐνίξατο δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ ἐνταῦθα, εἰπὼν, Ἵνα ζωὴν ἔχητε. Τίθησι δὲ καὶ ἑτέραν αἰτίαν. Ποίαν δὴ ταύτην; Ἀλλ' ἔγνωκα ὑμᾶς, ὅτι τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐκ ἔχετε ἐν ἑαυτοῖς. Ἐπειδὴ πολλάκις, ὡς δῆθεν τὸν Θεὸν ἀγαπῶντες, ἐδίωκον αὐτὸν, ὅτι ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ἐποίει τῷ Θεῷ, ᾔδει δὲ ὅτι οὐκ ἔμελλον αὐτῷ πείθεσθαι: ἵνα μή τις εἴπῃ, Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ταῦτα λέγεις; τοῦτο εἶπεν, Ἵνα ἐλέγξω ὑμᾶς, ὅτι οὐ διὰ ἀγάπην τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ με, φησὶ, διώκετε. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς μαρτυρεῖ μοι καὶ διὰ τῶν ἔργων καὶ διὰ τῶν Γραφῶν. Ὥσπερ οὖν πρὸ τούτου νομίζοντες ἀντίθεον εἶναί με ἠλαύνετε: οὕτω νῦν ἐξ οὗ ταῦτα ἀπέδειξα προσδραμεῖν ὑμᾶς ἔδει, εἴ γε ἠγαπᾶτε τὸν Θεόν: ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀγαπᾶτε. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ ταῦτα εἶπον, ἵνα δείξω ὑμᾶς περιττὸν ἔχοντας τῦφον, καὶ κομπάζοντας εἰκῆ, καὶ τὴν οἰκείαν βασκανίαν συσκιάζοντας. Οὐκ ἀπὸ τούτων δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν μελλόντων αὐτὰ κατασκευάζει. Ἐγὼ γὰρ ἦλθον, φησὶν, ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Πατρός μου, καὶ οὐκ ἐδέξασθέ με: ἐὰν ἄλλος ἔλθῃ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ ἰδίῳ, ἐκεῖνον λήψεσθε. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἄνω καὶ κάτω διὰ τοῦτο λέγει ἀπεστάλθαι, καὶ παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς εἰληφέναι τὴν κρίσιν, καὶ οὐδὲν δύνασθαι ποιεῖν ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ, ἵνα πᾶσαν ἐκκόψῃ πρόφασιν ἀγνωμοσύνης; Τίνα δέ φησιν ἥξειν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ ἰδίῳ; Τὸν ἀντίχριστον ἐνταῦθα αἰνίττεται, καὶ ἀναντίῤῥητον τῆς ἀγνωμοσύνης αὐτῶν τίθησιν ἀπόδειξιν. Εἰ γὰρ ὡς ἀγαπῶντες τὸν Θεόν με διώκετε, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀντιχρίστου τοῦτο γενέσθαι ἔδει. Ἐκεῖνος γὰρ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἐρεῖ, οὔτε ἀπεστάλθαι παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς, οὔτε κατὰ τὴν γνώμην ἥκειν τὴν ἐκείνου: ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον ἅπαν, τυραννικῶς τὰ μηδὲν αὐτῷ προσήκοντα ἁρπάζων, καὶ τὸν ἐπὶ πάντων θεὸν ἑαυτὸν εἶναι λέγων, καθὼς καὶ Παῦλός φησιν: Ἐπὶ πάντα λεγόμενον Θεὸν ἢ σέβασμα, ἀποδεικνύντα ἑαυτὸν ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ Θεός. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ ἰδίῳ ἐλθεῖν. Ἐγὼ δὲ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Πατρός μου παραγέγονα. Ἱκανὸν μὲν οὖν ἦν καὶ τοῦτο δεῖξαι αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἀγαπῶντας τὸν Θεὸν, ὅτι τὸν λέγοντα ἀπεστάλθαι παρ' ἐκείνου οὐκ ἐδέχοντο: νῦν δὲ καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου δείκνυσιν αὐτῶν τὴν ἀναισχυντίαν, ἐκ τοῦ τὸν ἀντίχριστον μέλλειν δέχεσθαι. Ὅταν γὰρ τὸν μὲν ἀπ' ἐκείνου λέγοντα ἀπεστάλθαι μὴ δέχωνται, τὸν δὲ μὴ εἰδότα ἐκεῖνον, κομπάζοντα δὲ καὶ λέγοντα ἑαυτὸν εἶναι τὸν ἐπὶ πάντων θεὸν μέλλωσι προσκυνεῖν: εὔδηλον ὅτι βασκανίας ἡ δίωξις ἦν, καὶ τοῦ μισεῖν τὸν Θεόν. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο δύο τίθησιν αἰτίας τῶν εἰρημένων, καὶ πρῶτον μὲν τὴν χρηστοτέραν, λέγων, Ἵνα σωθῆτε, καὶ, Ἵνα ζωὴν ἔχητε: ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἔμελλον αὐτὸν χλευάζειν, τίθησι καὶ τὴν πληκτικωτέραν, δεικνὺς ὅτι κἂν μὴ πείθωνται οἱ ἀκούοντες, τὰ αὐτοῦ ὁ Θεὸς πανταχοῦ ποιεῖν εἴωθεν. βʹ. Ὁ μὲν οὖν Παῦλος περὶ τοῦ ἀντιχρίστου διαλεγόμενος, προφητικῶς εἶπεν, ὅτι Πέμψει αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς ἐνέργειαν πλάνης, ἵνα κριθῶσι πάντες οἱ μὴ πιστεύσαντες τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, ἀλλ' εὐδοκήσαντες τῇ ἀδικίᾳ. Ὁ δὲ Χριστὸς οὐκ εἶπεν ὅτι ἥξει: ἀλλ', Ἐὰν ἔλθῃ, φειδόμενος τῶν ἀκουόντων. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὔπω πᾶσα ἀπηρτισμένη ἦν αὐτῶν ἡ ἀγνωμοσύνη, διὰ τοῦτο αὐτὸς μὲν τὴν αἰτίαν ἐσίγησεν αὐτοῦ τῆς παρουσίας: ὁ δὲ Παῦλος τοῖς δυναμένοις συνιδεῖν μετὰ ἀκριβείας αὐτὴν ᾐνίξατο. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν ὁ πᾶσαν ἀπολογίαν αὐτοῖς ἀφαιρούμενος. Εἶτα καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς ἀπιστίας αὐτῶν τίθησιν, ἐπάγων: Πῶς δύνασθε πιστεύειν, δόξαν τὴν παρὰ ἀλλήλων λαμβάνοντες, καὶ τὴν δόξαν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ μόνου Θεοῦ οὐ ζητοῦντες; καὶ ἐντεῦθεν δεικνὺς πάλιν ὅτι οὐ τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐσκόπουν, ἀλλ' ἐν προσχήματι τοιούτῳ τὸ οἰκεῖον ἐβούλοντο πάθος ἐκδικεῖν. Καὶ γὰρ τοσοῦτον ἀπεῖχον διὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ δόξαν ποιεῖν ταῦτα, ὅτι αὐτοὶ τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην ᾑροῦντο μᾶλλον ἢ τὴν ἐκείνου. Πῶς οὖν ἔμελλον οὗτοι ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς ἀναδέχεσθαι τοσαύτην ἀπέχθειαν, ἧς οὕτω κατεφρόνουν, ὥστε καὶ ἀνθρωπίνην αὐτῆς προτιμᾷν; Εἰπὼν δὲ ὅτι τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐκ ἔχουσι, καὶ ἀποδείξας τοῦτο διὰ τούτων ἑκατέρων, διά τε τῶν εἰς αὐτὸν γινομένων, καὶ διὰ τῶν εἰς τὸν ἀντίχριστον ἐσομένων, καὶ διελέγξας σαφῶς ὅτι πάσης εἰσὶν ἀπεστερημένοι συγγνώμης, οὕτως αὐτοῖς ἐφίστησι καὶ τὸν Μωϋσέα κατήγορον ἐπάγων, καὶ λέγων: Μὴ δοκεῖτε ὅτι ἐγὼ κατηγορήσω ὑμῶν πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα: ἔστιν ὁ κατηγορῶν ὑμῶν Μωϋσῆς, εἰς ὃν ὑμεῖς ἠλπίκατε. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπιστεύετε Μωϋσεῖ, ἐπιστεύετε ἂν ἐμοί: περὶ ἐμοῦ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ἔγραψεν. Εἰ δὲ τοῖς ἐκείνου γράμμασιν οὐ πιστεύετε, πῶς τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῥήμασι πιστεύετε; Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι: Πρὸ ἐμοῦ ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν ὁ ὑβρισμένος ἐν τοῖς εἰς ἐμέ. Μωϋσεῖ γὰρ μᾶλλον ἠπιστήσατε ἢ ἐμοί. Ὅρα πῶς πανταχόθεν πάσης αὐτοὺς ἐξέβαλεν ἀπολογίας. Θεὸν ἐλέγετε ἀγαπᾷν ἐν τῷ διώκειν με, φησίν: ἔδειξα ὅτι μισοῦντες αὐτὸν τοῦτο ποιεῖτε. Λέγετε λύειν με τὸ σάββατον, καὶ παραλύειν τὸν νόμον: ἀπεδυσάμην καὶ ταύτην τὴν κατηγορίαν. Διισχυρίζεσθε Μωϋσεῖ πιστεύειν δι' ὧν κατ' ἐμοῦ τολμᾶτε: δείκνυμι πάλιν ὅτι τοῦτο μὲν οὖν ἐστι μάλιστα μὴ πιστεύειν τῷ Μωϋσεῖ. Τοσούτῳ γὰρ δέω ἐξ ἐναντίας ἥκειν τῷ νόμῳ, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἔστιν ἄλλος τις ὁ κατηγορήσων ὑμῶν, ἀλλ' ἢ αὐτὸς ὁ τὸν νόμον ὑμῖν δεδωκώς. Ὥσπερ οὖν περὶ τῶν Γραφῶν ἔλεγεν: Ἐν αἷς δοκεῖτε ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχειν: οὕτω καὶ περὶ Μωϋσέως φησὶν, Εἰς ὃν ὑμεῖς ἠλπίκατε, ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκείων αὐτοὺς χειρούμενος πανταχοῦ. Καὶ πόθεν δῆλον, φησὶν, ὅτι κατηγορήσει Μωϋσῆς, καὶ οὐ κομπάζεις; τί γὰρ σοὶ καὶ Μωϋσεῖ κοινόν; Τὸ σάββατον ἔλυσας, ὅπερ ἐκεῖνος ἐνομοθέτησε κρατεῖν: πῶς οὖν ἡμῶν ἐκεῖνος κατηγορήσειε; Πόθεν δὲ δῆλον ὅτι καὶ εἰς ἄλλον πιστεύσομεν τὸν ἰδίῳ ὀνόματι ἥξοντα; Ταῦτα γὰρ πάντα ἀμάρτυρα λέγεις. Καὶ μὴν ἅπαντα ταῦτα ἄνωθεν ἔχει τὴν κατασκευήν. Ὅταν γὰρ ὁμολογηθῇ, ὅτι παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἦλθον ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων, ἀπὸ τῆς φωνῆς Ἰωάννου, ἀπὸ τῆς μαρτυρίας τοῦ Πατρὸς, εὔδηλον ὅτι Μωϋσῆς αὐτῶν κατηγορήσει. Τί γὰρ ἐκεῖνος εἶπεν; ἆρ' οὐχ ὅτι ἐὰν ἔλθῃ τις σημεῖα ποιῶν, καὶ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν ἄγων, καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα προλέγων μετὰ ἀληθείας, μετὰ πάσης ὑπακούειν αὐτῷ χρὴ τῆς πειθοῦς; Ὁ τοίνυν Χριστὸς μὴ οὐ πάντα ταῦτα πεποίηκε; Καὶ γὰρ σημεῖα εἰργάσατο μετὰ ἀληθείας ἁπάσης, καὶ πρὸς Θεὸν ἅπαντας εἷλκε, καὶ ταῖς προῤῥήσεσι τὸ τέλος ἐπήγαγεν. Ἀλλὰ πόθεν δῆλον ὅτι ἑτέρῳ πιστεύσουσιν; Ἐκ τοῦ τὸν Χριστὸν μισεῖν. Οἱ γὰρ τὸν μετὰ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ γνώμης ἥκοντα ἀποστρεφόμενοι, εὔδηλον ὅτι καὶ τὸν ἀντίθεον δέξονται Εἰ δὲ Μωϋσέα νῦν προβάλλεται, καίτοι εἰπὼν, Ἐγὼ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου τὴν μαρτυρίαν οὑ λαμβάνω, μὴ θαυμάσῃς: οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰς Μωϋσέα, ἀλλ' εἰς τὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ γράμματα αὐτοὺς παραπέμπει. Πλὴν ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ αἱ Γραφαὶ ἔλαττον αὐτοὺς ἐφόβουν, εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτὸ περιάγει τὸν λόγον, τὸν νομοθέτην αὐτὸν αὐτοῖς ἐφιστὰς κατήγορον, καὶ πολὺ φρικωδέστερον οὕτω τὸ δέος ποιῶν, καὶ ἕκαστον τῶν παρ' αὐτῶν λεγομένων ἐλέγχει. Σκόπει δέ: Ἔλεγον διὰ τὴν εἰς τὸν Θεὸν ἀγάπην διώκειν αὐτόν: δείκνυσιν ὅτι διὰ τὸ μισεῖν τὸν Θεὸν τοῦτο ποιοῦσιν. Ἔλεγον ἀντέχεσθαι Μωϋσέως: δείκνυσιν ὅτι διὰ τὸ μὴ πιστεύειν Μωϋσεῖ ταῦτα ἔπραττον. Εἰ γὰρ τὸν νόμον ἐζήλουν, ἔδει δέξασθαι τὸν ἐκεῖνον πληροῦντα: εἰ τὸν Θεὸν ἠγάπων, ἔδει πεισθῆναι τῷ πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ἕλκοντι: εἰ Μωϋσεῖ ἐπίστευον, ἔδει προσκυνῆσαι τὸν ὑπ' ἐκείνου προφητευόμενον. Εἰ δὲ ἐκεῖνος ἀπιστεῖται πρὸ ἐμοῦ, οὐδὲν ἀπεικὸς καὶ ἐμὲ τὸν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ κηρυττόμενον ἐλαύνεσθαι παρ' ὑμῶν. Ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ θαυμάζοντας Ἰωάννην ἔδειξε καταφρονοῦντας Ἰωάννου διὰ τῶν εἰς αὐτὸν γεγενημένων: οὕτω νομίζοντας πιστεύειν Μωϋσεῖ δείκνυσιν ἀπιστοῦντας, καὶ ἀεὶ εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν περιτρέπει πάντα, ἅπερ ἐνόμιζον ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν προβάλλεσθαι. Τοσοῦτον γὰρ ἀπέχω, φησὶν, ἀπαγαγεῖν ὑμᾶς τοῦ νόμου, ὅτι καὶ αὐτὸν καλῶ κατήγορον ὑμῶν τὸν νομοθέτην. Ὅτι μὲν οὖν αἱ Γραφαὶ μαρτυροῦσιν, εἶπε: ποῦ δὲ μαρτυροῦσιν, οὐκέτι προσέθηκε, τὸν φόβον μείζονα αὐτοῖς ἐνθεῖναι βουλόμενος, καὶ εἰς ἔρευναν παραπέμψαι, καὶ εἰς ἀνάγκην καταστῆσαι ἐρωτήσεως. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ εἶπεν ἐκ τοῦ προχείρου, καὶ μηδὲ ἐρωτῶσιν αὐτοῖς, ἀπέβαλον ἂν τὴν μαρτυρίαν: νυνὶ δὲ εἰ προσεῖχον τοῖς λεγομένοις, ἔδει πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων τοῦτο ἐρωτῆσαι καὶ μαθεῖν παρ' αὐτοῦ. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἀποφάσεσι, καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἀπειλαῖς πλεονάζει μᾶλλον, οὐκ ἐν ταῖς ἀποδείξεσι μόνον, ἵνα κἂν οὕτως αὐτοὺς ἐπαγάγηται τῷ φόβῳ τῶν λεγομένων. Οἱ δὲ καὶ οὕτω σιγῶσι. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ἡ πονηρία: ὅσα ἄν τις λέγῃ καὶ ποιῇ, οὐ διανίσταται, ἀλλὰ μένει τὸν οἰκεῖον ἰὸν διατηροῦσα. γʹ. Διὸ χρὴ πᾶσαν κακίαν ἀπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ἐκβαλόντας, μηδένα πλέκειν μηδέποτε δόλον. Πρὸς γὰρ τοὺς σκολιοὺς σκολιὰς ὁδοὺς ὁ Θεὸς, φησὶν, ἀποστέλλει. Καὶ, Ἅγιον πνεῦμα σοφίας φεύξεται δόλον, καὶ ἀπαναστήσεται ἀπὸ λογισμῶν ἀσυνέτων. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω ποιεῖ μωροὺς, ὡς πονηρία. Ὅταν γὰρ ὕπουλος ᾖ τις, ὅταν ἀγνώμων, ὅταν ἀχάριστος (ταῦτα δὲ τῆς πονηρίας τὰ εἴδη), ὅταν μηδὲν ἠδικημένος λυπῇ, ὅταν πλέκῃ δόλους, πῶς οὐκ ἐσχάτης ἀνοίας ἐξοίσει δεῖγμα; Οὐδὲν οὕτω ποιεῖ φρονίμους, ὡς ἀρετή. Καὶ γὰρ εὐχαρίστους καὶ εὐγνώμονας ἐργάζεται, φιλανθρώπους, ἡμέρους, πράους, ἐπιεικεῖς: τὰ ἄλλα ἅπαντα ἀγαθὰ αὕτη τίκτειν εἴωθε. Τί δὲ τοῦ οὕτω διακειμένου συνετώτερον; Πηγὴ γὰρ ὄντως καὶ ῥίζα φρονήσεώς ἐστιν ἡ ἀρετὴ, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ πᾶσα πονηρία ἐξ ἀνοίας ἔχει τὴν ἀρχήν. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ ἀλαζὼν καὶ ὁ ὀργίλος ἐξ ἐνδείας φρονήσεως ὑπὸ τῶν παθῶν ἁλίσκεται. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ προφήτης ἔλεγε: Οὐκ ἔστιν ἴασις ἐν τῇ σαρκί μου. Προσώζεσαν καὶ ἐσάπησαν οἱ μώλωπές μου ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς ἀφροσύνης μου: δεικνὺς ὅτι πᾶσα ἁμαρτία τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐξ ἀφροσύνης ἔχει: ὥσπερ ὁ ἐνάρετος καὶ φόβον ἔχων Θεοῦ, πάντων ἐστὶ συνετώτερος. Διὸ καὶ σοφός τις λέγει, Ἀρχὴ σοφίας, φόβος Κυρίου. Εἰ τοίνυν τὸ φοβεῖσθαι τὸν Θεὸν, σοφίαν ἐστὶν ἔχειν, ὁ δὲ πονηρὸς τοῦτο οὐκ ἔχει, τῆς ὄντως σοφίας ἐστέρηται: τῆς δὲ σοφίας ἐστερημένος τῆς ὄντως, πάντων ἐστὶν ἀνοητότερος. Καίτοι γε πολλοὶ τοὺς πονηροὺς θαυμάζουσιν, ὡς ἱκανοὺς ὄντας ἀδικεῖν καὶ βλάπτειν, οὐκ εἰδότες ὅτι μάλιστα πάντων αὐτοὺς ταλανίζειν χρὴ, ὅτι νομίζοντες ἑτέρους βλάπτειν, καθ' ἑαυτῶν τὸ ξίφος ὠθοῦσιν: ὅπερ ἀνοίας ἐστὶν ἐσχάτης, ἑαυτὸν πλήττοντα, μηδὲ αὐτὸ τοῦτο εἰδέναι, ἀλλ' ἕτερον δοκεῖν ἀδικεῖν, ἐν τῷ κατασφάττειν ἑαυτόν. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ Παῦλος εἰδὼς, ὅτι ἐν τῷ πλήττειν ἑτέρους ἑαυτοὺς ἀναιροῦμεν, ἔλεγε: Διατί μὴ μᾶλλον ἀδικεῖσθε; διατί μὴ μᾶλλον ἀποστερεῖσθε; Τὸ γὰρ μὴ ἀδικεῖσθαι ἐν τῷ μὴ ἀδικεῖν κεῖται: ὥσπερ οὖν τὸ μὴ πάσχειν κακῶς ἐν τῷ μὴ ποιεῖν κακῶς: κἂν αἴνιγμα εἶναι δοκῇ τὸ λεγόμενον τοῖς πολλοῖς καὶ φιλοσοφεῖν οὐκ ἐθέλουσι. Ταῦτ' οὖν εἰδότες, μὴ τοὺς ἀδικουμένους μηδὲ τοὺς ἐπηρεαζομένους, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ταῦτα ποιοῦντας ταλανίζωμεν καὶ δακρύωμεν. Οὗτοι γάρ εἰσιν οἱ μάλιστα ἠδικημένοι, οἱ τὸν Θεὸν ἑαυτοῖς ἐκπολεμοῦντες, καὶ μυρίων κατηγόρων ἀνοίγοντες στόματα, καὶ πονηρὰν κτώμενοι κατὰ τὸν παρόντα βίον ὑποψίαν, καὶ μεγάλην τὸν κατὰ τὸν μέλλοντα αἰῶνα ἐπισπώμενοι κόλασιν: ὡς οἵ γε ἀδικούμενοι καὶ πάντα φέροντες γενναίως, τόν τε Θεὸν ἔχουσιν ἵλεων, καὶ πάντας συναλγοῦντας αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐπαινοῦντας, καὶ ἀποδεχομένους. Οἱ τοιοῦτοι καὶ κατὰ τὸν παρόντα βίον πολλῆς ἀπολαύσονται τῆς εὐφημίας, φιλοσοφίας μέγιστον παρεχόμενοι δεῖγμα, καὶ κατὰ τὴν μέλλουσαν ζωὴν τῶν αἰωνίων μεθέξουσιν ἀγαθῶν: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.