§40. The rationality and order of the Universe proves that it is the work of the Reason or Word of God.

Who then might this Maker be? for this is a point most necessary to make plain, lest, from ignorance with regard to him, a man should suppose the wrong maker, and fall once more into the same old godless error, but I think no one is really in doubt about it. For if our argument has proved that the gods of the poets are no gods, and has convicted of error those that deify creation, and in general has shewn that the idolatry of the heathen is godlessness and impiety, it strictly follows from the elimination of these that the true religion is with us, and that the God we worship and preach is the only true One, Who is Lord of Creation and Maker of all existence. 2. Who then is this, save the Father of Christ, most holy and above all created existence61    Cf. above 2. 2 and note, also 35. 1., Who like an excellent pilot, by His own Wisdom and His own Word, our Lord and Saviour Christ, steers and preserves and orders all things, and does as seems to Him best? But that is best which has been done, and which we see taking place, since that is what He wills; and this a man can hardly refuse to believe. 3. For if the movement of creation were irrational, and the universe were borne along without plan, a man might fairly disbelieve what we say. But if it subsist in reason and wisdom and skill, and is perfectly ordered throughout, it follows that He that is over it and has ordered it is none other than the [reason or] Word of God. 4. But by Word I mean, not that which is involved and inherent in all things created, which some are wont to call the seminal62    σπερματικός principle, which is without soul and has no power of reason or thought, but only works by external art, according to the skill of him that applies it,—nor such a word as belongs to rational beings and which consists of syllables, and has the air as its vehicle of expression,—but I mean the living and powerful Word of the good God, the God of the Universe, the very Word which is God63    Joh. i. 1., Who while different from things that are made, and from all Creation, is the One own Word of the good Father, Who by His own providence ordered and illumines this Universe. 5. For being the good Word of the Good Father He produced the order of all things, combining one with another things contrary, and reducing them to one harmonious order. He being the Power of God and Wisdom of God causes the heaven to revolve, and has suspended the earth, and made it fast, though resting upon nothing, by His own nod64    νεῦμα, i.e. act of will, or fiat.. Illumined by Him, the sun gives light to the world, and the moon has her measured period of shining. By reason of Him the water is suspended in the clouds; the rains shower upon the earth, and the sea is kept within bounds, while the earth bears grasses and is clothed with all manner of plants. 6. And if a man were incredulously to ask, as regards what we are saying, if there be a Word of God at all65    De Incarn. 41. 3., such an one would indeed be mad to doubt concerning the Word of God, but yet demonstration is possible from what is seen, because all things subsist by the Word and Wisdom of God, nor would any created thing have had a fixed existence had it not been made by reason, and that reason the Word of God, as we have said.

40 Τίς ἂν εἴη οὗτος; καὶ τοῦτο γὰρ ἀναγκαῖον μάλιστα δηλῶσαι καὶ λέγειν, ἵνα μή, τῇ περὶ τοῦτον ἀγνοίᾳ πλανηθείς τις, ἕτερον ὑπολάβῃ, καὶ εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν πάλιν τοῖς πρότερον ἀθεότητα ἐμπέσῃ. νομίζω δὲ μηδένα περὶ τούτου τὴν διάνοιαν ἀμφίβολον ἔχειν. εἰ γὰρ δὴ τοὺς παρὰ ποιηταῖς λεγομένους θεοὺς οὐκ εἶναι θεοὺς ὁ λόγος ἔδειξε, καὶ τοὺς τὴν κτίσιν θεοποιοῦντας ἤλεγξε πλανωμένους, καὶ καθόλου τὴν τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰδωλολατρείαν ἀθεότητα καὶ ἀσέβειαν οὖσαν ἀπέδειξεν· ἀνάγκη πᾶσα τούτων ἀναιρουμένων, λοιπὸν παρ' ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν εὐσεβῆ θρησκείαν, καὶ τὸν παρ' ἡμῶν προσκυνού μενον, καὶ κηρυττόμενον τοῦτον μόνον εἶναι Θεὸν ἀληθῆ, τὸν καὶ τῆς κτίσεως Κύριον καὶ πάσης ὑποστάσεως δημιουργόν. τίς δὴ οὖν ἐστιν οὗτος, ἀλλ' ἢ ὁ πανάγιος καὶ ὑπερέκεινα πάσης γενητῆς οὐσίας, ὁ τοῦ Χριστοῦ Πατήρ, ὅστις, καθάπερ ἄριστος κυβερνήτης, τῇ ἰδίᾳ σοφίᾳ καὶ τῷ ἰδίῳ Λόγῳ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν καὶ Σωτῆρι Χριστῷ, τὰ πανταχοῦ διακυβερνᾷ σωτηρίως καὶ διακοσμεῖ, καὶ ποιεῖ ὡς ἂν αὐτῷ καλῶς ἔχειν δοκῇ; ἔχει δὲ καλῶς, ὡς γέγονε καὶ ὁρῶμεν γιγνόμενα, ἐπειδὴ καὶ τοῦτο βούλεται· καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἄν τις ἀπιστή σειεν. εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἄλογος ἦν ἡ τῆς κτίσεως κίνησις, καὶ ἁπλῶς ἐφέρετο τὸ πᾶν· καλῶς ἄν τις καὶ τοῖς λεγομένοις ἠπίστησεν· εἰ δὲ λόγῳ καὶ σοφίᾳ καὶ ἐπιστήμῃ συνέστηκε, καὶ παντὶ κόσμῳ δια κεκόσμηται, ἀνάγκη τὸν ἐπικείμενον καὶ διακοσμήσαντα τοῦτον οὐκ ἄλλον τινὰ ἢ Λόγον εἶναι τοῦ Θεοῦ. Λόγον δέ φημι οὐ τὸν ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν γενομένων συμπεπλεγμένον καὶ συμπεφυκότα, ὃν δὴ καὶ σπερματικόν τινες εἰώθασι καλεῖν, ἄψυχον ὄντα καὶ μηδὲν λογιζόμενον μήτε νοοῦντα, ἀλλὰ τῇ ἔξωθεν τέχνῃ μόνον ἐνεργοῦντα κατὰ τὴν τοῦ ἐπιβάλλοντος αὐτὸν ἐπιστή μην· οὐδὲ οἷον ἔχει τὸ λογικὸν γένος λόγον τὸν ἐκ συλλαβῶν συγκεί μενον, καὶ ἐν ἀέρι σημαινόμενον· ἀλλὰ τὸν τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ Θεοῦ τῶν ὅλων ζῶντα καὶ ἐνεργῆ Θεὸν αὐτολόγον λέγω, ὃς ἄλλος μὲν ἔστι τῶν γενητῶν καὶ πάσης τῆς κτίσεως, ἴδιος δὲ καὶ μόνος τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ Πατρὸς ὑπάρχει Λόγος, ὃς τόδε τὸ πᾶν διεκόσμησε καὶ φωτίζει τῇ ἑαυτοῦ προνοίᾳ. ἀγαθοῦ γὰρ πατρὸς ἀγαθὸς Λόγος ὑπάρχων, αὐτὸς τὴν τῶν πάντων διεκόσμησε διάταξιν, τὰ μὲν ἐναντία τοῖς ἐναντίοις συνάπτων, ἐκ τούτων δὲ μίαν διακοσμῶν ἁρμονίαν. οὗτος, Θεοῦ δύναμις καὶ Θεοῦ σοφία ὤν, οὐρανὸν μὲν περιστρέφει, γῆν δὲ ἀν αρτήσας, καὶ ἐπὶ μηδενὸς κειμένην τῷ ἰδίῳ νεύματι ἥδρασε. τούτῳ φωτιζόμενος ἥλιος τὴν οἰκουμένην καταυγάζει, καὶ σελήνη μεμετρη μένον ἔχει τὸ φῶς. διὰ τοῦτον καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ ἐπὶ νεφελῶν κρεμᾶται, καὶ ὑετοὶ τὴν γῆν ἐπικλύζουσι, καὶ ἡ μὲν θάλαττα περιορίζεται, ἡ δὲ γῆ παντοίοις φυτοῖς κομᾷ καὶ χλοηφορεῖ. καὶ εἴ τις ἄπιστος ζητοίη περὶ τῶν λεγομένων, εἰ ὅλως ἐστὶ Λόγος Θεοῦ, μαίνοιτο μὲν ὁ τοιοῦτος ἀμφιβάλλων περὶ Λόγου Θεοῦ· ἔχει δὲ ὅμως ἐκ τῶν ὁρωμένων τὴν ἀπόδειξιν, ὅτι πάντα Λόγῳ Θεοῦ καὶ Σοφίᾳ συνέστηκε, καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἡδράσθη τι τῶν γενομένων, εἰ μὴ Λόγῳ ἐγεγόνει καὶ Λόγῳ τῷ θείῳ, καθάπερ ἐλέχθη.