Chapter XII.—Twofold Faith.

Faith as also Time being double, we shall find virtues in pairs both dwelling together. For memory is related to past time, hope to future. We believe that what is past did, and that what is future will take place. And, on the other hand, we love, persuaded by faith that the past was as it was, and by hope expecting the future. For in everything love attends the Gnostic, who knows one God. “And, behold, all things which He created were very good.”468    Gen. i. 31. He both knows and admires. Godliness adds length of life; and the fear of the Lord adds days. As, then, the days are a portion of life in its progress, so also fear is the beginning of love, becoming by development faith, then love. But it is not as I fear and hate a wild beast (since fear is twofold) that I fear the father, whom I fear and love at once. Again, fearing lest I be punished, I love myself in assuming fear. He who fears to offend his father, loves himself. Blessed then is he who is found possessed of faith, being, as he is, composed of love and fear. And faith is power in order to salvation, and strength to eternal life. Again, prophecy is foreknowledge; and knowledge the understanding of prophecy; being the knowledge of those things known before by the Lord who reveals all things.

The knowledge, then, of those things which have been predicted shows a threefold result—either one that has happened long ago, or exists now, or about to be. Then the extremes469    i.e., Past and Future, between which lies the Present. either of what is accomplished or of what is hoped for fall under faith; and the present action furnishes persuasive arguments of the confirmation of both the extremes. For if, prophecy being one, one part is accomplishing and another is fulfilled; hence the truth, both what is hoped for and what is passed is confirmed. For it was first present; then it became past to us; so that the belief of what is past is the apprehension of a past event, and a hope which is future the apprehension of a future event.

And not only the Platonists, but the Stoics, say that assent is in our own power. All opinion then, and judgment, and supposition, and knowledge, by which we live and have perpetual intercourse with the human race, is an assent; which is nothing else than faith. And unbelief being defection from faith, shows both assent and faith to be possessed of power; for non-existence cannot be called privation. And if you consider the truth, you will find man naturally misled so as to give assent to what is false, though possessing the resources necessary for belief in the truth. “The virtue, then, that encloses the Church in its grasp,” as the Shepherd says,470    Pastor of Hermas, book i. vision iii. chap. viii. vol. i. p. 15. “is Faith, by which the elect of God are saved; and that which acts the man is Self-restraint. And these are followed by Simplicity, Knowledge, Innocence, Decorum, Love,” and all these are the daughters of Faith. And again, “Faith leads the way, fear upbuilds, and love perfects.” Accordingly he471    See Pastor of Hermas, book ii. commandt. iv. ch. ii. [vol. i. p. 22], for the sense of this passage. says, the Lord is to be feared in order to edification, but not the devil to destruction. And again, the works of the Lord—that is, His commandments—are to be loved and done; but the works of the devil are to be dreaded and not done. For the fear of God trains and restores to love; but the fear of the works of the devil has hatred dwelling along with it. The same also says “that repentance is high intelligence. For he that repents of what he did, no longer does or says as he did. But by torturing himself for his sins, he benefits his soul. Forgiveness of sins is therefore different from repentance; but both show what is in our power.”

Τῆς δὲ πίστεως καθάπερ τοῦ χρόνου διττῶν ὄντων εὕροιμεν ἂν διττὰς ἀρετὰς συνοικούσας ἀμφοῖν. τοῦ γὰρ χρόνου τῷ μὲν παρῳχηκότι ἡ μνήμη, τῷ δὲ μέλλοντι ἐλπίς ἐστι· πιστεύομεν δὲ τὰ παρῳχηκότα γεγονέναι καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα ἔσεσθαι· ἀγαπῶμέν τε αὖ, οὕτως ἔχειν τὰ παρῳχηκότα πίστει πεπεισμένοι, τὰ μέλλοντα ἐλπίδι ἀπεκδεχόμενοι. διὰ πάντων γὰρ ἡ ἀγάπη τῷ γνωστικῷ πεφοίτηκεν ἕνα θεὸν εἰδότι· καὶ ἰδού, πάντα ὅσα δεδημιούργηκε λίαν καλὰ οἶδέν τε καὶ θαυμάζει· θεοσέβεια δὲ προστίθησι μῆκος βίου καὶ φόβος κυρίου προστίθησιν ἡμέρας. ὡς οὖν αἱ ἡμέραι μόριον βίου τοῦ κατ' ἐπανάβασιν, οὕτω καὶ ὁ φόβος τῆς ἀγάπης ἀρχή, κατὰ παραύξησιν πίστις γινόμενος, εἶτα ἀγάπη· ἀλλ' οὐχ ὡς φοβοῦμαι τὸ θηρίον καὶ μισῶ (διττοῦ τυγχάνοντος τοῦ φόβου), ὡς δὲ καὶ τὸν πατέρα δέδια, ὃν φοβοῦμαι ἅμα καὶ ἀγαπῶ· πάλιν, φοβούμενος μὴ κολασθῶ, ἐμαυτὸν ἀγαπῶ, αἱρούμενος τὸν φόβον· ὁ [δὲ] φοβούμενος προσκόψαι τῷ πατρὶ ἀγαπᾷ αὐτόν. μακάριος οὖν ὃς πιστὸς γίνεται, ἀγάπῃ καὶ φόβῳ κεκραμένος· πίστις δὲ ἰσχὺς εἰς σωτηρίαν καὶ δύναμις εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον. πάλιν ἡ προφητεία πρόγνωσίς ἐστιν, ἡ δὲ γνῶσις προφητείας νόησις, οἷον γνῶσις τῶν ἐκείνοις προεγνωσμένων ὑπὸ τοῦ προφαίνοντος τὰ πάντα κυρίου. ἡ τοίνυν γνῶσις τῶν προαγορευθέντων τριττὴν ἐνδείκνυται τὴν ἔκβασιν, ἢ γεγονυῖαν πάλαι ἢ ἐνεστηκυῖαν ἤδη ἢ ἔσεσθαι μέλλουσαν. εἶθ' αἱ μὲν ἀκρότητες ὑποπεπτώκασι πίστει ἢ τελεσθέντων ἢ ἐλπιζομένων, πειθὼ δὲ παρέχει ἡ ἐνεστηκυῖα ἐνέργεια πρὸς τὴν βεβαίωσιν ἀμφοῖν τοῖν ἄκροιν. εἰ γὰρ μιᾶς οὔσης τῆς προφητείας τὸ μὲν ἤδη τελεῖται, τὸ δὲ πεπλήρωται, πιστὸν ἐντεῦθεν καὶ τὸ ἐλπιζόμενον καὶ τὸ παρῳχηκὸς ἀληθές. πρότερον γὰρ ἐνεστὸς ἦν, εἶτα ἡμῖν παρῴχηκεν, ὡς εἶναι καὶ τὴν τῶν παρῳχηκότων πίστιν κατάληψιν παρῳχηκότος, καὶ τὴν τῶν ἐσομένων ἐλπίδα κατάληψιν ἐσομένου πράγματος. τὰς δὲ συγκαταθέσεις οὐ μόνον οἱ ἀπὸ Πλάτωνος, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Στοᾶς ἐφ' ἡμῖν εἶναι λέγουσιν. πᾶσα οὖν δόξα καὶ κρίσις καὶ ὑπόληψις καὶ μάθησις, οἷς ζῶμεν καὶ σύνεσμεν αἰεὶ τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων, συγκατάθεσίς ἐστιν· ἣ δ' οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ πίστις εἴη ἄν, ἥ τε ἀπιστία, ἀπόστασις οὖσα τῆς πίστεως, δυνατὴν δείκνυσι τὴν συγκατάθεσίν τε καὶ πίστιν· ἀνυπαρξίας γὰρ στέρησις οὐκ ἂν λεχθείη. κἄν τις τἀληθὲς σκοπῇ, εὑρήσει τὸν ἄνθρωπον φύσει διαβεβλημένον μὲν πρὸς τὴν τοῦ ψεύδους συγκατάθεσιν, ἔχοντα δὲ ἀφορμὰς πρὸς πίστιν τἀληθοῦς. ἡ τοίνυν συνέχουσα τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, ὥς φησιν ὁ Ποιμήν, ἀρετὴ ἡ πίστις ἐστί, δι' ἧς σῴζονται οἱ ἐκλεκτοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ· ἡ δὲ ἀνδριζομένη ἐγκράτεια. ἕπεται δ' αὐταῖς ἁπλότης, ἐπιστήμη, ἀκακία, σεμνότης, ἀγάπη. πᾶσαι δὲ αὗται πίστεώς εἰσι θυγατέρες. καὶ πάλιν· προηγεῖται μὲν πίστις, φόβος δὲ οἰκοδομεῖ, τελειοῖ δὲ ἡ ἀγάπη. φοβητέον οὖν τὸν κύριον, λέγει, εἰς οἰκοδομήν, ἀλλ' οὐ τὸν διάβολον εἰς καταστροφήν. ἔμπαλιν δέ· τὰ μὲν ἔργα τοῦ κυρίου, τουτέστι τὰς ἐντολάς, ἀγαπητέον καὶ ποιητέον, τὰ δὲ ἔργα τοῦ διαβόλου φοβητέον καὶ οὐ ποιητέον· ὁ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ θεοῦ φόβος παιδεύει καὶ εἰς ἀγάπην ἀποκαθίστησιν, ὁ δὲ τῶν τοῦ διαβόλου ἔργων μῖσος ἔχει σύνοικον. ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς καὶ τὴν μετάνοιαν σύνεσιν εἶναί φησι μεγάλην· μετανοῶν γὰρ ἐφ' οἷς ἔδρασεν οὐκέτι ποιεῖ ἢ λέγει, βασανίζων δὲ ἐφ' οἷς ἥμαρτεν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχὴν ἀγαθοεργεῖ. ἄφεσις τοίνυν ἁμαρτιῶν μετανοίας διαφέρει, ἄμφω δὲ δείκνυσι τὰ ἐφ' ἡμῖν.