Homily XLII.

John vi. 1, 4

“After these things Jesus went over the sea of Galilee, into the parts of1147   εἰς τὰ μέρη, not in G. T.Tiberias. And a great multitude followed Him, because they saw the1148   αὐτοῦ, G. T.miracles which He did on them that were diseased. And Jesus departed1149   ἀ πῆλθε [ἀ νῆλ.] G. T.into a mountain, and there sat with His disciples. And the Passover of the Jews1150   [ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν ̓Ι.] G. T.was nigh.”

[1.] Beloved, let us not contend with violent men, but learn1151   al. “be content.” when the doing so brings no hurt to our virtue to give place to their evil counsels; for so all their hardihood is checked. As darts when they fall upon a firm,1152   ἐ ντεταμένον, al. διατ hard, and resisting substance, rebound with great violence on those who throw them, but when the violence of the cast hath nothing to oppose it, it soon becometh weaker and ceaseth, so is it with insolent men; when we contend with them they become the fiercer, but when we yield and give ground, we easily abate all their madness. Wherefore the Lord when He knew that the Pharisees had heard “that Jesus made and baptized more disciples than John,” went into Galilee, to quench their envy, and to soften by His retirement the wrath which was likely to be engendered by these reports. And when He departed for the second time into Galilee, He cometh not to the same places as before; for He went not to Cana, but to “the other side of the sea,” and1153   Ben. “wherefore also.” great multitudes followed Him, beholding “the miracles which He did.” What miracles? Why doth he1154   al. “dost thou.” not mention them specifically? Because this Evangelist most of all was desirous of employing the greater part of his book on the discourses and sermons [of Christ]. Observe, for instance, how for a whole year, or rather how even now at the feast of the Passover, he hath given us no more information on the head of miracles, than merely that He healed the paralytic and the nobleman’s son. Because he was not anxious to enumerate them all, (that would have been impossible,) but of many and great to record a few.

Ver. 2. “A great multitude followed Him beholding the miracles that He did.” What is here told marks not a very wise state of mind;1155   al. “this kind of following belongs not to a settled mind.” for when they had enjoyed such teaching, they still were more attracted by the miracles, which was a sign of the grosser state. For “miracles,” It saith, “are not for believers, but for unbelievers.”1156   Not exactly quoted from 1 Cor. xiv. 22 , where the words relate the gift of tongues. The people described by Matthew acted not thus,1157   al. “was not such.” but how? They all, he saith “were astonished at His doctrine, because He taught as one having authority.” ( Matt. vii. 28, 29.)

“And why doth He occupy the mountain now, and sit there with His disciples?” Because of the miracle which was about to take place. And that the disciples alone went up with Him, was a charge against the multitude which followed Him not. Yet not for this only did He go up into the mountain, but to teach us ever to rest at intervals from the tumults and confusion of common life.1158   τῆς ἐν μέσῳ For solitude is a thing meet for the study of wisdom. And often doth He go up alone into a mountain, and spend the night there, and pray, to teach us that the man who will come most near to God must be free from all disturbance, and must seek times and places clear of confusion.

Ver. 4. “And the Passover, a feast of the Jews, was nigh.”

“How then,” saith some one, “doth He not go up unto the feast, but, when all are pressing to Jerusalem, goeth Himself into Galilee, and not Himself alone, but taketh His disciples with Him, and proceedeth thence to Capernaum?” Because henceforth He was quietly annulling the Law, taking occasion from the wickedness of. the Jews.

Ver. 5. “And as He lifted up His eyes, He beheld a great company.”1159   ἀ ναβλέψας τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς ὁρᾶ ὄχλον πολύν. In G. T. the words are: ἐ πάρας οὖν ὁ ̓Ιησοῦς τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς, καὶ θεασάμενος ὅτι πολὺς ὄχλος ἔρχεται πρὸς αὐτόν

This showeth that He sat not at any time idly1160   ἁ πλῶς with the disciples, but perhaps carefully conversing with them, and making them attend1161   al. “teaching.” and turn towards Him, a thing which peculiarly marks1162   Ben. Ed. reads: οὗ μάλιστα καὶ ἐντεῦθεν τὴν κηδεμονίαν ἔστι μαθεῖν His tender care, and the humility and condescension of His demeanor towards them. For they sat with Him, perhaps looking at one another; then having lifted up His eyes, He beheld the multitudes coming unto Him. Now the other Evangelists say, that the disciples came and asked and besought Him that He would not send them away fasting, while St. John saith, that the question was put to Philip by Christ. Both occurrences seem to me to be truly reported, but not to have taken place at the same time, the former account being prior to the other, so that the two are entirely different.

Wherefore then doth He ask “Philip”? He knew which of His disciples needed most instruction; for this is he who afterwards said, “Show us the Father, and it sufficeth us” ( c. xiv. 8 ), and on this account Jesus was beforehand bringing him into a proper state.1163   ἐ ῤ ῥ ύ θμιζεν For had the miracle simply been done, the marvel would not have seemed so great, but now He beforehand constraineth him to confess the existing want, that knowing the state of matters he might be the more exactly acquainted with the magnitude of the miracle about to take place. Wherefore He saith,1164   Ben. “and see what he saith.”

“Whence shall we have so many loaves,1165   In G. T. πόθεν ἀγοράσομεν ἄρτους ἵνα ἔρχεται, κ.τ.λ that these may eat?”

So in the Old [Testament] He spake to Moses, for He wrought not the sign until He had asked him, “What is that in thy hand?” Because things coming to pass unexpectedly and all at once,1166   ἀ θρόον are wont to throw us into forgetfulness of things previous, therefore He first involved him in a confession of present circumstances, that when the astonishment should have come upon him, he might be unable afterwards to drive away the remembrance of what he had confessed, and thus might learn by comparison the greatness of the miracle, which in fact takes place in this instance; for Philip being asked, replied,

Ver. 7, 6. “Two hundred pennyworth of bread is not sufficient for them, that every one of them may take a little. And this He said to prove him: for He Himself knew what He would do.”

[2.] What meaneth, “to prove him”? Did not He know what would be said by him? We cannot assert that. What then is the meaning of the expression? We may discover it from the Old [Testament]. For there too it is said, “And it came to pass after these things that God did tempt Abraham, and said unto him, Take thy beloved son whom thou lovest” ( Gen. xxii. 1, 2 ); yet it doth not appear in that place either, that when He saith this He waited to see the end of the trial, whether Abraham would obey or not, (how could He, who knoweth all things before they come into existence?1167   πρὶν γενέσεως, Hist. Susann. ver. 42 but the words in both cases are spoken after the manner of men. For as when (the Psalmist1168   Ps. vii. 9 , or St. Paul, Rom. viii. 27) saith that He “searcheth the hearts of men,” he meaneth not a search of ignorance but of exact knowledge, just so when the Evangelist saith that He proved (Philip), he meaneth only that He knew exactly. And perhaps one might say another thing, that as He once made Abraham more approved, so also did He this man, bringing him by this question to an exact knowledge of the miracle. The Evangelist therefore, that thou mayest not stop at the feebleness of the expression, and so form an improper opinion of what was said, addeth, “He Himself knew what He would do.”

Moreover we must observe this, that when there is any wrong suspicion, the writer straightway very carefully corrects1169   al. “expels.” it. As then in this place that the hearers might not form any such suspicion, he adds the corrective, saying, “For He Himself knew what He would do”: so also in that other place, when He saith, that “the Jews persecuted Him, because He not only had broken the Sabbath, but said also that God was His Father, making Himself equal with God,” had there not been the assertion of Christ Himself confirmed by His works, he would there also have subjoined this correction. For if even in words which Christ speaketh the Evangelist is careful that none should have suspicions, much more in cases where others were speaking of Him would he have looked closely, had he perceived that an improper opinion prevailed concerning Him. But he did not so, for he knew that this1170   i.e. the Equality of The Son with The Father. was His meaning,1171   γνωμὴν and immovable decree.1172   ψῆφον Therefore after saying, “making Himself equal with God,” he used not any such correction; for the matter spoken of was not an erroneous fancy of theirs, but His own assertion ratified by His works. Philip then having been questioned,

Ver. 8, 9. “Andrew, Simon’s1173   Σιμῶνος Πέτρου, G. T. brother, said, There is a lad here, which hath five barley loaves, and two small fishes: but what are they among so many?”

Andrew is higher minded than Philip, yet had not he attained to everything. Yet I do not think that he spake without an object, but as having heard1174   al. “for I think that the miracles of the Prophets had entered his mind.” of the miracles of the Prophets, and how Elisha wrought a sign with the loaves ( 2 Kings iv. 43 ); on this account he mounted to a certain height,1175   al. “farther.” but could not attain to the very top.

Let us learn then,1176   al. “hence.” we who give ourselves to luxury, what was the fare of those great and admirable men; and in quality and quantity1177   [of that which is set on.] Morel. and Ben. let us behold and imitate the thriftiness of their table.

What follows also expresses great weakness. For after saying, “hath five barley loaves,” he addeth, “but what are they among so many?” He supposed that the Worker of the miracle would make less out of less, and more out of more. But this was not the case, for it was alike easy to Him to cause bread to spring forth1178   πηγασαι from more and from less, since He needed no subject-matter. But in order that the creation might not seem foreign to His Wisdom, as afterwards slanderers and those affected with the disease of Marcion1179   See note, p. 30. said, He used the creation itself as a groundwork for His marvels.

When both the disciples had owned themselves at a loss, then He wrought the miracle; for thus they profited the more, having first confessed the difficulty of the matter, that when it should come to pass, they might understand the power of God. And because a miracle was about to be wrought, which had also been performed by the Prophets, although not in an equal degree, and because He would do it after first giving thanks, lest they should fall into any suspicion of weakness on His part, observe how by the very manner of His working He entirely raiseth their thoughts of it and showeth them the difference (between Himself and others). For when the loaves had not yet appeared,1180   In Ben. the reading is: “for when the loaves had not yet appeared, He doth the miracle.” This looks like the gloss of a transcriber, surprised at the suspension of the sense. that thou mayest learn, that things that are not are to Him as though they were, (as Paul saith, “who calleth the things that be not as though they were”— Rom. iv. 17 ,) He commanded them as though the table were prepared and ready, straightway to sit down, rousing by this the minds of His disciples. And because1181   al. “when.” they had profited by the questioning, they immediately obeyed, and were not confounded, nor said, “How is this, why dost Thou bid us sit down, when there is nothing before us?” The same men, who at first disbelieved so much as to say, “Whence shall we buy bread?” began so far to believe even before they saw the miracle,1182   al. “before the miracle.” that they readily made the multitudes to sit down.

[3.] But why when He was about to restore the paralytic did He not pray, nor when He was raising the dead, or bridling the sea, while He doth so here over the loaves? It was to show that when we begin our meals, we ought to give thanks unto God. Moreover, He doth it especially in a lesser matter, that thou mayest learn that He doth it not as having any need; for were this the case, much more would He have done so in greater things; but when He did them by His own authority, it is clear that it was through condescension that He acted as He did in the case of the lesser. Besides, a great multitude was present, and it was necessary that they should be persuaded that He had come according to the will of God. Wherefore, when He doth miracles in the absence of witnesses, He exhibiteth nothing of the kind; but when He doth them in the presence of many, in order to persuade them that He is no enemy of God, no adversary of Him who hath begotten Him, He removeth the suspicion by thanksgiving.

“And He gave to them that were set down, and they were filled.”1183   These words, which are not found in G. T., are quoted in place of v. 10. 11. “And Jesus said, Make the men sit down. Now there was much grass in the place. So the men sat down, in number about five thousand. And Jesus took the loaves; and when He had given thanks, He distributed to the disciples, and the disciples to them that were set down; and likewise of the fishes as much as they would.”

Seest thou how great is the interval between the servants and the Master? They having grace by measure, wrought their miracles accordingly, but God, who acteth with free power, did all most abundantly.

Ver. 12. “And He said1184   “When they were filled, He said.” N.T. unto His disciples, Gather up the fragments which remain;1185   “That nothing be lost. Therefore they gathered them together, and filled twelve baskets with the fragments of the five barley loaves, which remained over and above unto them that had eaten.” N.T. —and they gathered them together, and filled twelve baskets.”

This was not a superfluous show, but in order that the matter might not be deemed a mere illusion; and for this reason He createth1186   δημιουργεῖ from matter already subsisting. “But why gave He not the bread to the multitudes to bear, but (only) to His disciples?” Because He was most desirous to instruct these who were to be the teachers of the world. The multitude would not as yet reap any great fruit from the miracles, (at least they straightway forgot this one and asked for another,) while these would gain no common profit. And what took place was moreover no ordinary condemnation of Judas, who bore a basket. And that these things were done for their instruction is plain from what is said afterwards, when He reminded them, saying, “Do ye not yet understand—how many baskets ye took up?” ( Matt. xvi. 9.) And for the same reason it was that the baskets of fragments were equal in number to the disciples; afterwards, when they were instructed, they took not up so many, but only “seven baskets.” ( Matt. xv. 37.) And I marvel not only at the quantity of loaves created, but besides the quantity, at the exactness of the surplus, that He caused the superabundance to be neither more nor less than just so much as He willed, foreseeing how much they would consume; a thing which marked unspeakable power. The fragments then confirmed the matter, showing both these points; that what had taken place1187   or, “had been made.” was no illusion, and that these were from the loaves by which the people had been fed. As to the fishes, they at this time were produced from those already subsisting, but at a later period, after the Resurrection, they were not made from subsisting matter. “Wherefore?” That thou mayest understand that even now He employed matter, not from necessity, nor as needing any base1188   ὑ ποβάθρας (to work upon), but to stop the mouths of heretics.1189   i.e. the Gnostics, see note, p. 30.

“And the multitudes said, that this is of a truth The Prophet.”1190   In place of ver. 14. “Then those men, when they had seen the miracle that Jesus did, said, This is of a truth that Prophet which should come into the world.”

Oh, excess of gluttony! He had done ten thousand things more admirable than this, but nowhere did they make this confession, save when they had been filled. Yet hence it is evident that they expected some remarkable prophet; for those others had said (to John), “Art thou that Prophet?”1191   al. “wherefore elsewhere they said, Is this,” &c. while these say, “This is that Prophet.”

Ver. 15. “When Jesus therefore perceived that they would come and take Him by force to make Him a king, He departed again into a mountain.”1192   [Himself alone] G. T.

Wonderful! How great is the tyranny of gluttony, how great the fickleness of men’s minds! No longer do they vindicate the Law, no longer do they care for the violation1193   παραλύσεως, al. παραβάσεως of the Sabbath, no longer are they zealous for God; all such considerations are thrown aside, when their bellies have been filled; He was a prophet in their eyes, and they were about to choose Him for a king. But Christ fleeth. “Wherefore?” To teach us to despise worldly dignities, and to show us that He needed nothing on earth. For He who chose1194   al. “showed.” all things mean, both mother and house and city and nurture and attire would not afterwards be made illustrious by things on earth. The things which (He had) from heaven were glorious and great, angels, a star, His Father loudly speaking,1195   βοῶν the Spirit testifying, and Prophets proclaiming Him from afar; those on earth were all mean, that thus His power might the more appear. He came also to teach us to despise the things of the world, and not be amazed or astonished by the splendors of this life, but to laugh them all to scorn, and to desire those which are to come. For he who admires things which are here, will not admire those in the heavens. Wherefore also He saith to Pilate, “My Kingdom is not of this world” ( c. xviii. 36 ), that He may not afterwards appear to have employed mere human terror or dominion for the purpose of persuasion. Why then saith the Prophet, “Behold, thy King cometh unto thee, meek, and sitting upon an ass”? ( Zech. ix. 9.) He spake of that Kingdom which is in the heavens, but not of this on earth; and on this account Christ saith, “I receive not honor from men.” ( c. v. 41.)

Learn we then, beloved, to despise and not to desire the honor which is from men; for we have been honored with the greatest of honors, compared with which that other is verily1196   al. “seems to be.” insult, ridicule, and mockery. And as the riches of this world compared with the riches of that are poverty, as this life apart from that is deadness,1197   νέκρωσίς (for “let1198   al. “‘ let, ’ He saith.” the dead bury their dead”— Matt. viii. 28 ,) so this honor compared with that is shame and ridicule. Let us then not pursue it. If they who confer it are of less account than a shadow or a dream, the honor itself much more so. “The glory of man is as the flower of the grass” ( 1 Pet. i. 24 ); and what is meaner than the flower of the grass? Were this glory everlasting, in what could it profit the soul? In nothing. Nay, it very greatly injures us by making us slaves, slaves in worse condition than those bought with money, slaves who obey not one master only, but two, three, ten thousand, all giving different commands. How much better is it to be a free man than a slave, to be free from the slavery of men, and subject only to the dominion of God? In a word, if thou wilt desire glory, desire it, but let it be the glory immortal, for that is exhibited on a more glorious stage, and brings greater profit. For1199   al. “how? for.” the men here bid thee be at charges to please them, but Christ, on the contrary, giveth thee an hundredfold for what thou givest Him, and addeth moreover eternal life. Which of the two then is better, to be admired1200   Sav. reads “to be.” on earth, or in heaven? by man, or by God? to your loss, or to your gain? to wear a crown for a single day, or for endless ages? Give to him that needeth, but give not to a dancer, lest thou lose thy money and destroy his soul. For thou art the cause of his (coming to) perdition through unseasonable munificence.1201   or, “love of praise.” Since did those on the stage know that their employment would be unprofitable, they would have long ago ceased to practice it; but when they behold thee applauding, crowding after them, spending and wasting thy substance upon them, even if they have no desire to follow (their profession), they are kept to it by the desire of gain. If they knew that no one would praise what they do, they would soon desist from their labors, by reason of their unprofitableness; but when they see that the action is admired by many, the praise of others becomes a bait to them. Let us then desist from this unprofitable expense, let us learn upon whom and when we ought to spend. Let us not, I implore you, provoke God in both ways, gathering whence we ought not, and scattering where we ought not; for what anger doth not thy conduct deserve, when thou passest by the poor and givest to a harlot? Would not the paying the hire of sin and the bestowing honor where it were meet to punish have been a charge against thee, even hadst thou paid out of thy just earnings? but when thou feedest thine uncleanness by stripping orphans and wronging widows, consider how great a fire is prepared for those who dare such things. Hear what Paul saith, “Who not only do these things, but also have pleasure in1202   or, “consent with.” them that do them.” ( Rom. i. 32.)

Perhaps we have touched you sharply, yet if we touch you not, there are actual1203   διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων punishments awaiting those who sin without amendment. What then availeth it to gratify by words those who shall be punished by realities? Dost thou take pleasure1204   or, “consent with.” at a dancer, dost thou praise and admire him? Then art thou worse than he; his poverty affords him an excuse though not a reasonable one, but thou art stripped even of this defense. If I ask him, “Why hast thou left other arts and come to this accursed and impure one?” he will reply, “because I can with little labor gain great profits.” But if I ask thee why thou admirest one who spends his time in impurity, and lives to the mischief of many, thou canst not run to the same excuse, but must bow down thy face and be ashamed and blush. Now if when called by us to give account, thou wouldest have nothing to reply,1205   al. “couldest reply nothing.” when that terrible and inexorable Judgment cometh where we shall render account of thoughts and deeds and everything, how shall we stand? with what eyes shall we behold our Judge? what shall we say? what defense shall we make? what excuse reasonable or unreasonable shall we put forward? shall we allege the expense? the gratification? the perdition of others whom by means of his art we ruin? We can have nothing to say, but must be punished with a punishment having no end, knowing no limit. That this come not to pass, let us henceforth guard all points, that having departed with a good hope, we may obtain the everlasting blessings; to which may we all attain through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom and with whom to the Father and the Holy Ghost be glory, now and ever and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΜΒʹ. Μετὰ ταῦτα ἀπῆλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς πέραν τῆς θα λάσσης τῆς Γαλιλαίας εἰς τὰ μέρη Τιβεριάδος: καὶ ἠκολούθει αὐτῷ ὄχλος πολὺς, ὅτι ἑώρων τὰ σημεῖα ἃ ἐποίει ἐπὶ τῶν ἀσθενούντων. Ἀπῆλθε δὲ εἰς ὄρος ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ ἐκεῖ ἐκά θητο μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ. Ἦν δὲ ἐγγὺς τὸ πάσχα τῶν Ἰουδαίων. αʹ. Τοῖς δεινοῖς ἀνδράσι μὴ ὁμόσε χωρῶμεν, ἀγαπητοί: ἀλλὰ μανθάνωμεν, ὅταν μηδὲν παραβλάπτῃ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἀρετὴν, διδόναι τόπον αὐτῶν ταῖς πονηραῖς ἐπιβουλαῖς. Οὕτω γὰρ παύεται πᾶσα θρασύτης. Καὶ καθάπερ τὰ ἀκόντια ὅταν εἰς ἐντεταμένον ἐμπέσῃ τι καὶ σκληρὸν καὶ ἀντιτυπὲς, μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ῥύμης ἐξακοντίζεται ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀποστείλαντας πάλιν: ὅταν δὲ τὸ ῥαγδαῖον τῆς ἀφέσεως μὴ ἔχῃ τὸ ἀντιπίπτον, ἐκλύεται ταχέως καὶ λήγει: οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν θρασυνομένων ἀνθρώπων, ὅταν μὲν αὐτοῖς ὁμόσε χωρῶμεν, ἀγριαίνουσι μᾶλλον: ὅταν δὲ εἴκωμεν καὶ παραχωρῶμεν, χαλῶμεν ῥᾳδίως πᾶσαν αὐτῶν τὴν μανίαν. Διὰ δὲ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς ἐπειδὴ ἤκουσεν, ὅτι ἤκουσαν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ὅτι Ἰησοῦς πλείονας μαθητὰς ποιεῖ καὶ βαπτίζει ἢ Ἰωάννης, ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, τὸν φθόνον αὐτῶν σβεννὺς, καὶ τὸν θυμὸν, ὃν εἰκὸς ἦν ἀπὸ τούτων τεχθῆναι τῶν λόγων, διὰ τῆς ἀναχωρήσεως καταπραΰνων. Πλὴν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν πάλιν ἀπερχόμενος, οὐ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐπιβαίνει τόποις: οὐ γὰρ εἰς Κανᾶ ἦλθεν, ἀλλὰ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης. Διὸ καὶ ἠκολούθουν αὐτῷ ὄχλοι πολλοὶ, θεωροῦντες αὐτοῦ τὰ σημεῖα ἃ ἐποίει. Ποῖα σημεῖα; διατί μὴ αὐτὰ λέγει κατ' εἶδος; Ὅτι τὸ πλέον τοῦ βιβλίου οὗτος μάλιστα ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις καὶ ταῖς δημηγορίαις καταναλῶσαι ἐσπούδασεν. Ὅρα γοῦν πῶς ἐν ἐνιαυτῷ ὁλοκλήρῳ, μᾶλλον δὲ πῶς καὶ νῦν ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ τοῦ πάσχα οὐδὲν πλέον ἡμᾶς ἐδίδαξε σημείων ἕνεκεν, ἢ ὅτι τὸν παράλυτον μόνον ἐθεράπευσε, καὶ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ βασιλικοῦ. Οὐ γὰρ τοῦτο ἐσπούδαζεν ὥστε ἅπαντα καταλέγειν, ἐπειδὴ μηδὲ δυνατὸν ἦν: ἀλλ' ἐκ πολλῶν καὶ μεγάλων ὀλίγα. Καὶ ἠκολούθει, φησὶν, αὐτῷ ὄχλος πολὺς, ὅτι ἑώρων τὰ σημεῖα ἃ ἐποίει. Οὐ σφόδρα βεβαίας διανοίας ἡ ἀκολούθησις. Τοσαύτης γὰρ διδασκαλίας ἀπολαύσαντες, ἀπὸ τῶν σημείων ἐνήγοντο μᾶλλον: ὃ παχυτέρας γνώμης ἦν. Τὰ γὰρ σημεῖα, φησὶ, τοῖς ἀπίστοις, οὐ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐκεῖνος ὁ δῆμος ὁ παρὰ τῷ Ματθαίῳ οὕτως, ἀλλ' ἄκουε πῶς. Ἐξεπλήσσοντο πάντες ἐπὶ τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτοῦ, φησὶν, ὅτι ἐδίδασκεν αὐτοὺς ὡς ἐξουσίαν ἔχων. Τί δήποτε δὲ τὸ ὄρος καταλαμβάνει νῦν, καὶ ἐκεῖ κάθηται μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν; Διὰ τὸ μέλλον ἔσεσθαι σημεῖον. Τὸ δὲ τοὺς μαθητὰς ἀναβῆναι μόνους, κατηγορία τοῦ πλήθους ἦν οὐκ ἀκολουθήσαντος αὐτῷ. Οὐ τούτου δὲ ἕνεκεν μόνον τοῦτο ποιεῖ, τὸ ὄρος καταλαμβάνων, ἀλλὰ καὶ παιδεύων ἡμᾶς ἀεὶ διαναπαύεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν θορύβων καὶ τῆς ἐν μέσῳ ταραχῆς: ἐπιτήδειον γὰρ πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν ἐρημία. Πολλάκις δὲ καὶ μόνος αὐτὸς τὸ ὄρος καταλαμβάνει, καὶ διανυκτερεύει καὶ εὔχεται, διδάσκων ἡμᾶς ὅτι τὸν μάλιστα Θεῷ προσιόντα πάσης ἀπηλλάχθαι δεῖ ταραχῆς, καὶ καιρὸν καὶ τόπον θορύβου καθαρὸν ἐπιζητεῖν. Καὶ ἦν ἐγγὺς τὸ Πάσχα, ἡ ἑορτὴ τῶν Ἰουδαίων. Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἀναβαίνει εἰς τὴν ἑορτὴν, φησὶν, ἀλλὰ πάντων ἐπειγομένων εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα, αὐτὸς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν ἔρχεται, καὶ οὐκ αὐτὸς μόνος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς μαθητὰς ἄγων, καὶ ἐκεῖθεν εἰς Καπερναούμ; Ἠρέμα λοιπὸν ὑπεξέλυε τὸν νόμον, ἀφορμὴν λαμβάνων ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαϊκῆς πονηρίας. Καὶ ἀναβλέψας τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς, ὁρᾷ ὄχλον πολύν. Ἐνταῦθα δείκνυσιν ὅτι οὐδέποτε ἁπλῶς ἐκάθητο μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν, ἀλλ' ἴσως ἀκριβολογούμενός τι πρὸς αὐτοὺς καὶ διδάσκων, καὶ ἐπιστρέφων αὐτοὺς πρὸς ἑαυτὸν, οὗ μάλιστα καὶ ἐντεῦθεν τὴν κηδεμονίαν ἔστι μαθεῖν, καὶ τὸ ταπεινὸν καὶ συγκαταβατικὸν τὸ πρὸς ἐκείνους. Συνεκάθηντο γὰρ αὐτῷ τάχα πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὁρῶντες. Εἶτα ἀναβλέψας ὁρᾷ τὸν ὄχλον παραγινόμενον πρὸς αὐτόν. Οἱ μὲν οὖν ἄλλοι εὐαγγελισταὶ τοὺς μαθητάς φασι προσελθόντας ἐρωτᾷν καὶ παρακαλεῖν, ὥστε μὴ ἀπολῦσαι αὐτοὺς νήστεις: οὗτος δὲ εἰσάγει τὸν Φίλιππον ἐρωτηθῆναι παρὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Καί μοι δοκεῖ ἀμφότερα εἶναι ἀληθῆ, οὐκ ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτῶν γενόμενα δὲ ὅμως καιρῶν, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνα τούτων εἶναι πρεσβύτερα: ὥστε ἕτερα μὲν ἐκεῖνα λοιπὸν, ἕτερα δὲ ταῦτά ἐστι. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν τὸν Φίλιππον ἐρωτᾷ; Ἤ|δει τῶν μαθητῶν τοὺς μάλιστα πλείονος δεομένους διδασκαλίας. Οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ μετὰ ταῦτα λέγων: Δεῖξον ἡμῖν τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ ἀρκεῖ ἡμῖν. Διὰ τοῦτο ἄνωθεν αὐτὸν ἐῤῥύθμιζεν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἁπλῶς τὸ σημεῖον ἐγένετο, οὐκ ἂν τοσοῦτον ἐφάνη τὸ θαῦμα: νῦν δὲ πρότερον αὐτὸν ἀναγκάζει ὁμολογῆσαι τὴν οὖσαν σπάνιν, ἵνα γνοὺς ἐν τίσιν ἦν, ἀκριβέστερον οὕτω μάθῃ τοῦ μέλλοντος γίνεσθαι θαύματος τὸ μέγεθος. Καὶ ὅρα τί φησιν ἐκεῖνος: Πόθεν ἡμῖν ἄρτοι τοσοῦτοι, ἵνα φάγωσιν οὗτοι; Οὕτω καὶ ἐν τῇ Παλαιᾷ πρὸς τὸν Μωϋσέα ἔλεγεν. Οὐ γὰρ πρότερον τὸ σημεῖον ἐποίησεν, ἕως ἂν αὐτὸν ἠρώτησε, Τί ποτέ ἐστιν ἐν τῇ χειρί σου; Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὰ παράδοξα καὶ ἀθρόον συμβαίνοντα, τῶν προτέρων ἡμᾶς εἰς λήθην ἐμβαλεῖν εἴωθε, πρότερον αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ τοῦ παρόντος κατέδησεν ὁμολογίᾳ, ἵνα τῆς ἐκπλήξεως γενομένης, τὴν μνήμην τῶν ὁμολογηθέντων μὴ δυνηθῇ λοιπὸν ἐκβαλεῖν: εἶθ' οὕτως ἀπὸ τῆς συγκρίσεως μάθῃ καὶ τοῦ σημείου τὸ μέγεθος: ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα γίνεται. Καὶ ἐρωτηθεὶς ἀποκρίνεται λέγων: Διακοσίων δηναρίων ἄρτοι οὐκ ἀρκοῦσιν, ἵνα ἕκαστος βραχύ τι λάβῃ. Τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγε πειράζων αὐτόν: αὐτὸς γὰρ ᾔδει τί ἔμελλε ποιεῖν. Τί ἐστι, Πειράζων αὐτόν; ἆρα γὰρ ἠγνόει τὸ μέλλον ὑπ' αὐτοῦ ῥηθήσεσθαι; Οὐκ ἔστι τοῦτο εἰπεῖν. βʹ. Ἀλλὰ τίς ποτε τῆς λέξεως ἡ διάνοια; Ἀπὸ τῆς Παλαιᾶς δυνατὸν αὐτὴν καταμαθεῖν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐκεῖ φησιν: Καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα, καὶ ἐπείραζεν ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ εἶπεν, Λάβε τὸν υἱόν σου τὸν ἀγαπητὸν, ὃν ἠγάπησας, τὸν Ἰσαάκ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκεῖ τοῦτο λέγων φαίνεται, ὅτι ἀπὸ τῆς πείρας ἀνέμενεν ἰδεῖν τὸ τέλος, εἴτε ὑπακούσεται, εἴτε μή: (πῶς γὰρ ὁ τὰ πάντα εἰδὼς πρὶν γενέσεως αὐτῶν;) ἀλλ' ἀνθρωπίνως ἀμφότερα εἴρηται. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ὅταν λέγῃ, ὅτι Ἐρευνᾷ τὰς καρδίας τῶν ἀνθρώπων, οὐκ ἀγνοίας τὴν ἔρευναν δείκνυσιν, ἀλλ' ἀκριβοῦς εἰδήσεως: οὕτω δὴ καὶ ὅταν λέγῃ ὅτι Ἐπείρασεν, οὐδὲν ἄλλο φησὶν, ἀλλ' ἢ ὅτι ἠπίστατο ἀκριβῶς. Κἂν ἕτερον δὲ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι δοκιμώτερον αὐτὸν εἰργάζετο, ὥσπερ οὖν τὸν Ἀβραὰμ τότε, οὕτω καὶ τοῦτον διὰ τῆς τοιαύτης ἐρωτήσεως ἐνάγων νῦν εἰς τὴν ἀκριβῆ τοῦ σημείου γνῶσιν. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ἵνα μὴ τῇ ἀσθενείᾳ τῆς λέξεως ἐναπομείνας, ὑποπτεύσῃς τι ἄτοπον περὶ τῶν εἰρημένων, ἐπήγαγεν: Αὐτὸς γὰρ ᾔδει τί ἔμελλε ποιεῖν. Πλὴν ἐκεῖνο παρατηρεῖν ἀναγκαῖον, πῶς, ὅταν ᾖ ὑπόνοια πονηρὰ, εὐθὺς αὐτὴν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς μετὰ πολλῆς ἐπιδιορθοῦται τῆς σπουδῆς. Ὥσπερ οὖν ἐνταῦθα, ἵνα μή τι τοιοῦτον ὑποπτεύσωσιν οἱ ἀκούοντες, προσέθηκε τὴν ἐπιδιόρθωσιν, εἰπών: Αὐτὸς γὰρ ᾔδει τί ἔμελλε ποιεῖν: οὕτω καὶ ἐκεῖ λέγων, ὅτι ἐδίωκον αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, Οὐ μόνον ὅτι ἔλυε τὸ σάββατον, ἀλλ' ὅτι καὶ Πατέρα ἴδιον ἔλεγε τὸν Θεὸν, ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ Θεῷ: εἰ μὴ ἀπόφασις ἦν αὐτοῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ διὰ τῶν ἔργων βεβαιουμένη, προσέθηκεν ἂν κἀκεῖ τὴν ἐπιδιόρθωσιν ταύτην. Εἰ γὰρ ἐν οἷς αὐτὸς λέγει, ὑφορᾶται ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, μή τις ὑποπτεύσῃ: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐν οἷς ἕτεροι περὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦτο ἔλεγον, ὑπείδετο ἂν, εἰ μὴ προσήκουσαν ἑώρα περὶ αὐτοῦ κρατοῦσαν ὑπόνοιαν. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἐποίησεν: ᾔδει γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὴν γνώμην οὖσαν τοῦτο καὶ ψῆφον ἀκίνητον. Διὰ τοῦτο εἰπὼν, Ἴσον ἑαυτὸν ποιῶν τῷ Θεῷ, οὐκ ἐχρήσατο ἐπιδιορθώσει τινὶ τοιαύτῃ: οὐ γὰρ ἐκείνων ἦν ὑπόνοια διεφθαρμένη τὸ λεγόμενον, ἀλλ' ἀπόφασις αὐτοῦ κεκυρωμένη διὰ τῶν ἔργων. Ἐρωτηθέντος τοίνυν τοῦ Φιλίππου, Φησὶν Ἀνδρέας ὁ ἀδελφὸς Σίμωνος Πέτρου: Ἔστιν ὧδε παιδάριον ἔχον πέντε ἄρτους κριθίνους, καὶ δύο ὀψάρια: ἀλλὰ ταῦτα τί ἐστιν εἰς τοσούτους; Ὑψηλότερος μὲν τοῦ Φιλίππου ὁ Ἀνδρέας, οὐ μὴν εἰς τὸ πᾶν ἔφθασε. Οἶμαι δὲ μηδὲ ἁπλῶς τοῦτο εἰπεῖν, ἀλλ' ἀκηκοότα αὐτὸν τῶν προφητῶν τὰ θαύματα, καὶ πῶς Ἑλισσαῖος ἐποίησε τὸ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄρτων σημεῖον. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο ἀνέβη μὲν ἐπί τι ὕψος, οὐκ ἴσχυσε δὲ πρὸς αὐτὴν φθάσαι τὴν κορυφήν. Μάθωμεν ἐντεῦθεν οἱ τῇ τρυφῇ προσέχοντες, τίνα ἐσιτοῦντο οἱ θαυμαστοὶ ἄνδρες ἐκεῖνοι καὶ μεγάλοι, καὶ τῇ ποσότητι τῶν ἐπιφερομένων καὶ τῇ ποιότητι τὴν εὐτέλειαν αὐτῶν τῆς τραπέζης ἴδωμέν τε καὶ μιμησώμεθα. Τὰ γοῦν ἑξῆς τούτων πολλῆς ἀσθενείας. Μετὰ γὰρ τὸ εἰπεῖν, Ἔχει πέντε ἄρτους κριθίνους, ἐπήγαγεν: Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα τί ἐστιν εἰς τοσούτους; Ἐνόμιζε γὰρ ὅτι ἀπὸ μὲν ἐλαττόνων ἐλάττονα, ἀπὸ δὲ πλειόνων πλείονα ἔμελλε ποιεῖν ὁ θαυματουργῶν: ὅπερ οὐκ ἦν. Ὁμοίως γὰρ ἦν αὐτῷ εὔκολον ἀπό τε πλειόνων, ἀπό τε ἐλαττόνων ποιῆσαι πηγάσαι τῶν ἄρτων τὴν φύσιν. Οὐ γὰρ ὕλης ἐδεῖτο τῆς ὑποκειμένης: ἀλλ' ὥστε μὴ δόξαι τὴν κτίσιν ἀλλοτρίαν εἶναι τῆς αὐτοῦ σοφίας, ὡς οἱ μετὰ ταῦτα διαβάλλοντες οἱ τὰ Μαρκίωνος νοσήσαντες ἔλεγον, αὐτῇ τῇ κτίσει κέχρηται πρὸς τὴν ὑπόθεσιν τῶν θαυμάτων. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἀπέγνωσαν ἀμφότεροι οἱ μαθηταὶ, τότε θαυματουργεῖ λοιπόν: οὕτω γὰρ μᾶλλον ἐκέρδαναν, πρότερον ὁμολογήσαντες τοῦ πράγματος τὴν δυσκολίαν, ἵνα ὅταν γένηται, μάθωσι τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν δύναμιν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ γίνεσθαι σημεῖον ἔμελλε τὸ καὶ προφήταις κατορθωθὲν, εἰ καὶ μὴ ὁμοίως: ἔμελλε δὲ καὶ εὐχαριστήσας αὐτὸ πρότερον ποιεῖν: ἵνα μὴ εἰς ἀσθενῆ τινα καταπέσωσιν ὑπόνοιαν, ὅρα πῶς αὐτὸ καὶ τῷ τρόπῳ διὰ πάντων ἐπῆρε καὶ τὴν διαφορὰν ἔδειξεν. Οὔπω γὰρ τῶν ἄρτων φανέντων, τὸ θαῦμα ποιεῖ, ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα αὐτῷ ὑφέστηκε, καθάπερ ὁ Παῦλός φησιν: Ὁ καλῶν τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα. Ὡς ἑτοίμου γὰρ καὶ παρεσκευασμένης τῆς τραπέζης, ἐκέλευσεν αὐτοὺς εὐθέως ἀναπεσεῖν. Οὕτω καὶ διὰ τούτου τὴν διάνοιαν τῶν μαθητῶν ἀνέστησεν. Ὅτι δὲ καὶ ἐκέρδαναν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐρωτήσεως, εὐθέως ὑπήκουσαν, καὶ οὐκ ἐθορυβήθησαν, οὐδὲ εἶπον: τί ποτε τοῦτό ἐστι; πῶς κελεύεις ἀναπεσεῖν, οὐδενὸς ἐν τῷ μέσῳ φαινομένου; Οὕτω καὶ πρὸ τῆς ὄψεως τοῦ σημείου πιστεύειν ἤρξαντο οἱ παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν τοσοῦτον ἀπιστήσαντες ὡς εἰπεῖν, Πόθεν ἀγοράσομεν ἄρτους; ὅτι καὶ μετὰ προθυμίας ἀνέκλιναν τοὺς ὄχλους. Ἀλλὰ τί δήποτε τὸν παραλυτικὸν μέλλων ἀνορθοῦν οὐκ εὔχεται, οὐδὲ τὸν νεκρὸν ἐγείρων, οὐδὲ τὴν θάλατταν χαλινῶν: ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄρτων τοῦτο ποιεῖ; Δεικνὺς ὅτι τοὺς τροφῆς ἀρχομένους εὐχαριστεῖν δεῖ τῷ Θεῷ. Καὶ ἄλλως δὲ, ἐπὶ τῶν ἐλαττόνων αὐτὸ μάλιστα ἐργάζεται, ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι οὐ δεόμενος αὐτὸ ποιεῖ. Εἰ γὰρ δεόμενος, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τῶν μειζόνων ἂν αὐτὸ ἐποίησεν. Ὁ δὲ ἐκεῖνα αὐθεντίᾳ ποιήσας, εὔδηλον ὅτι καὶ ταῦτα συγκαταβατικῶς ἔπραττεν. γʹ. Ἔτι τε καὶ ὅτι ὄχλος πολὺς ἦν παρὼν, καὶ ἐχρῆν αὐτοὺς πεισθῆναι, ὅτι κατὰ γνώμην Θεοῦ παρεγένετο. Διὰ τοῦτο ὅταν μὲν μόνος ποιῇ τι σημεῖον, οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἐπιδείκνυται: ὅταν δὲ ἐπὶ πολλῶν αὐτὸ ποιῇ, ὥστε πιστεῦσαι αὐτοὺς ὅτι οὐκ ἀντίθεός τίς ἐστιν, οὐδὲ ἐναντίος τῷ γεγεννηκότι, διὰ τῆς εὐχαριστίας ἀναιρεῖ τὴν ὑποψίαν. Καὶ ἔδωκε τοῖς ἀνακειμένοις, καὶ ἐνεπλήσθησαν. Εἶδες πόσον δούλου καὶ δεσπότου τὸ μέσον; Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ ἐκ μέτρου ἔχοντες τὴν χάριν, οὕτως ἐθαυματούργουν: ὁ δὲ Θεὸς ἀπολελυμένῃ δυνάμει ποιῶν, μετὰ πολλῆς ἅπαντα εἰργάζετο τῆς περιουσίας. Καὶ εἶπε τοῖς μαθηταῖς: Συναγάγετε τὰ περισσεύσαντα κλάσματα. Οἱ δὲ συνήγαγον, καὶ ἐγέμισαν δώδεκα κοφίνους. Οὐκ ἐπίδειξις ἦν τοῦτο περιττὴ, ἀλλ' ὥστε μὴ φαντασίαν νομισθῆναι τὸ πρᾶγμα: διὰ δὴ τοῦτο καὶ ἐξ ὑποκειμένης ὕλης δημιουργεῖ. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν οὐ τοῖς ὄχλοις ἔδωκεν βαστάσαι, ἀλλὰ τοῖς μαθηταῖς; Ὅτι μάλιστα τούτους παιδεῦσαι ἠβούλετο τοὺς μέλλοντας εἶναι διδασκάλους τῆς οἰκουμένης. Τὸ μὲν γὰρ πλῆθος οὐδὲν μέγα ἔμελλε καρπώσασθαι ἐκ τῶν θαυμάτων τέως: εὐθέως γοῦν ἐπελανθάνοντο αὐτοὶ, καὶ ᾔτουν ἕτερον θαῦμα: οὗτοι δὲ οὐ τὰ τυχόντα κερδαίνειν ἔμελλον. Ἦν δὲ καὶ τῷ Ἰούδᾳ κατάκριμα τὸ γινόμενον οὐ τὸ τυχὸν, βαστάζοντι τὸν κόφινον. Ὅτι δὲ τῆς αὐτῶν παιδεύσεως ἕνεκεν ταῦτα ἐγένετο, ἐκ τοῦ εἰρημένου ὕστερον δῆλον, οὗπερ ἀνέμνησεν αὐτοὺς λέγων: Οὔπω νοεῖτε πόσους κοφίνους ἐλάβετε; Καὶ τὸ ἰσαρίθμους εἶναι τοῖς μαθηταῖς τοὺς κοφίνους τῶν λειψάνων, τῆς αὐτῆς ἕνεκεν αἰτίας γέγονεν. Ὕστερον δὲ ἐπειδὴ ἐπαιδεύθησαν, οὐκ ἔτι τοσούτους, ἀλλὰ σπυρίδας ἑπτά. Ἐγὼ δὲ οὐ τὸ πλῆθος θαυμάζω τῶν γεγονότων ἄρτων μόνον, ἀλλὰ μὴν μετὰ τοῦ πλήθους καὶ τὴν ἀκρίβειαν τοῦ περισσεύματος, ὅτι οὔτε πλεῖον οὔτε ἔλαττον ἐποίησε περισσευθῆναι, ἀλλὰ τοσοῦτον ὅσον ἐβούλετο, προειδὼς πόσα ἀναλώσουσιν: ὅπερ ἀφάτου δυνάμεως ἦν. Ἐπιστοῦτο μὲν οὖν τὰ κλάσματα τὸ γεγονὸς, ἀμφότερα ἐμφαίνοντα, καὶ ὅτι οὐ φαντασία τις ἦν τὰ γεγενημένα, καὶ ὅτι ἐξ ἐκείνων ἦν ὧν ἐτράφησαν. Τὸ δὲ τῶν ἰχθύων, τότε μὲν ὑποκειμένων ἐγένετο: ὕστερον δὲ μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν, οὐκ ἔτι ἐξ ὕλης ὑποκειμένης. Τίνος ἕνεκεν; Ἵνα μάθῃς ὅτι καὶ νῦν τῇ ὕλῃ ἐκέχρητο, οὐ δι' ἔνδειαν, οὐδὲ δεόμενος ὑποβάθρας, ἀλλ' ὥστε τὰ τῶν αἱρετικῶν ἐμφράξαι στόματα. Οἱ δὲ ὄχλοι ἔλεγον, ὅτι Οὗτός ἐστιν ἀληθῶς ὁ προφήτης. Ὢ γαστριμαργίας ὑπερβολή: μυρία τούτων εἰργάσατο θαυμαστότερα, καὶ οὐδαμοῦ τοῦτο ὡμολόγησαν, ἀλλ' ὅτε ἐνεπλήσθησαν. Ἄρα ἐκ τούτου δῆλον, ὅτι προφήτην τινὰ προσεδόκων ἐξαίρετον. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι ἔλεγον: Σὺ εἶ ὁ προφήτης; καὶ οὗτοι: Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ προφήτης. Ὁ γοῦν Ἰησοῦς, γνοὺς ὅτι μέλλουσιν ἔρχεσθαι καὶ ἁρπάζειν αὐτὸν, ἵνα ποιήσωσιν αὐτὸν βασιλέα, ἀνεχώρησεν εἰς τὸ ὄρος. Βαβαὶ πόση τῆς γαστριμαργίας ἡ τυραννίς! πόση τῆς γνώμης ἡ εὐκολία! οὐκ ἔτι αὐτοῖς τῆς τοῦ σαββάτου παραβάσεως μέλει: οὐκ ἔτι ζηλοῦσιν ὑπὲρ Θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ πάντα ἔῤῥιπτο, τῆς γαστρὸς αὐτοῖς ἐμπλησθείσης. Καὶ προφήτης ἦν παρ' αὐτοῖς, καὶ βασιλέα χειροτονεῖν ἔμελλον: ὁ δὲ Χριστὸς φεύγει. Τί δήποτε; Παιδεύων ἡμᾶς τῶν κοσμικῶν καταφρονεῖν ἀξιωμάτων, καὶ δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐδενὸς δεῖται τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς. Ὁ γὰρ πάντα εὐτελῆ ἐπιλεξάμενος, καὶ μητέρα, καὶ οἰκίαν, καὶ πόλιν, καὶ ἀνατροφὴν, καὶ ἱματίων στολὴν, οὐκ ἔμελλεν ὕστερον ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν τῇ γῇ φαίνεσθαι. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν οὐρανῶν, λαμπρά τε ἦν καὶ μεγάλα, ἄγγελοί τε καὶ ἀστὴρ, καὶ Πατὴρ βοῶν, καὶ Πνεῦμα μαρτυροῦν, καὶ προφῆται πόῤῥωθεν ἀνακηρύττοντες: τὰ δὲ ἐν τῇ γῇ πάντα εὐτελῆ, ἵνα καὶ οὕτω μειζόνως ἡ δύναμις φαίνηται. Ἦλθε δὲ καὶ παιδεύων ἡμᾶς καταφρονεῖν τῶν ἐνταῦθα, καὶ μηδαμοῦ τεθηπέναι μηδὲ ἐκπλήττεσθαι τὰ τοῦ βίου λαμπρὰ, ἀλλὰ καταγελᾷν ἁπάντων τούτων, καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐρᾷν. Ὁ γὰρ τὰ ἐνταῦθα θαυμάζων, οὐ θαυμάσεται τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τῷ Πιλάτῳ ἔλεγεν: Ἡ ἐμὴ βασιλεία οὐκ ἔστιν ἐντεῦθεν: ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ λοιπὸν ἀνθρωπίνῳ φόβῳ καὶ δυναστείᾳ πρὸς τὸ πείθειν ἀποκεχρῆσθαι. Πῶς οὖν εἶπεν ὁ προφήτης: Ἰδοὺ ὁ βασιλεύς σου ἔρχεταί σοι πραῢς, καὶ ἐπιβεβηκὼς ἐπὶ ὑποζύγιον; Ὅτι βασιλείαν ἐκείνην λέγει, τὴν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ ταύτην. Διὰ δὴ τοῦτο πάλιν ἔλεγε: Δόξαν παρὰ ἀνθρώπου οὐ λαμβάνω. δʹ. Μάθωμεν τοίνυν, ἀγαπητοὶ, τῆς τιμῆς τῆς παρὰ ἀνθρώποις καταφρονεῖν καὶ μὴ ἐφίεσθαι. Τετιμήμεθα γὰρ τιμὴν μεγίστην, καὶ πρὸς ἣν αὕτη παραβαλλομένη, ὕβρις καὶ γέλως καὶ κωμῳδία ὄντως ἐστίν: ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ πλοῦτος οὗτος πρὸς ἐκεῖνον πενία, καὶ ἡ ζωὴ αὕτη χωρὶς ἐκείνης νέκρωσις (Ἄφες, φησὶ, τοὺς νεκροὺς θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς): οὕτω καὶ ἡ δόξα αὕτη πρὸς ἐκείνην αἰσχύνη καὶ γέλως ἐστί. Μὴ τοίνυν αὐτὴν διώκωμεν. Εἰ γὰρ οἱ παρέχοντες αὐτὴν σκιᾶς καὶ ὀνείρων εἰσὶν εὐτελέστεροι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον αὐτὴ ἡ δόξα: Δόξα γὰρ ἀνθρώπου ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου. Τί δὲ ἄνθους χόρτου εὐτελέστερον γένοιτ' ἄν; Εἰ δὲ καὶ μόνιμος ἦν, τί τὴν ψυχὴν ὠφελῆσαι ἴσχυσεν ἄν; Οὐδέν: ἀλλὰ καὶ καταβλάπτει τὰ μέγιστα, δούλους ποιοῦσα, δούλους ἀργυρωνήτων χείρους, δούλους οὐχ ἑνὶ δεσπότῃ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ δυσὶ καὶ τρισὶ καὶ μυρίοις διάφορα ἐπιτάττουσιν ὑπακούοντας. Πόσῳ βέλτιον ἐλεύθερον εἶναι, ἢ δοῦλον, ἐλεύθερον μὲν τῆς τῶν ἀνθρώπων δουλείας, δοῦλον δὲ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ δεσποτείας; Ὅλως δὲ εἰ βούλει δόξης ἐρᾷν, ἔρα δόξης, ἀλλὰ τῆς ἀθανάτου. Καὶ γὰρ λαμπρότερον αὐτῆς τὸ θέατρον, καὶ μεῖζον τὸ κέρδος. Οὗτοι μὲν γάρ σε κελεύουσι δαπανώμενον ἀρέσκειν αὐτοῖς: ὁ δὲ Χριστὸς τοὐναντίον ἅπαν. Καὶ γὰρ ἑκατονταπλασίονά σοι δίδωσι τῶν διδομένων παρὰ σοῦ, καὶ ζωὴν αἰώνιον τούτοις προστίθησι. Τί τοίνυν βέλτιον, ἐν τῇ γῇ, ἢ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων, ἢ ὑπὸ Θεοῦ θαυμάζεσθαι; ἐπὶ ζημίᾳ, ἢ ἐπὶ κέρδει; στεφανοῦσθαι πρὸς μίαν ἡμέραν, ἢ πρὸς ἀπείρους αἰῶνας; Δὸς τῷ δεομένῳ, καὶ μὴ δῷς τῷ ὀρχουμένῳ, ἵνα μὴ μετὰ τῶν σῶν χρημάτων καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπολέσῃς τὴν ἐκείνου. Σὺ γὰρ αἴτιος εἶ τῆς ἀπωλείας τῆς ἐκείνου διὰ τῆς ἀκαίρου φιλοτιμίας. Εἰ γὰρ οἱ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀρχήστρας ᾔδεσαν ὅτι τὸ ἐπιτήδευμα αὐτοῖς ἀκερδὲς ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι, πάλαι ἂν ἐπαύσαντο ταῦτα ἐπιτηδεύοντες: ὅταν δέ σε κροτοῦντα, συντρέχοντα, ἀναλίσκοντα, ἅπαντα τὰ σαυτοῦ δαπανῶντα θεάσωνται, κἂν μὴ βούλωνται τοῦτο μετιέναι, τῇ τοῦ κέρδους ἐπιθυμίᾳ κατέχονται. Εἰ δὲ ἔγνωσαν, ὅτι οὐδεὶς ἂν ἐπαινέσειε τὰ ἐκείνων, ταχέως ἂν ἀπέστησαν τῶν πόνων διὰ τὸ ἀκερδές: ὅταν δὲ ἴδωσι τὸ πρᾶγμα παρὰ πολλῶν θαυμαζόμενον, γίνεται δέλεαρ αὐτοῖς ὁ τῶν ἄλλων ἔπαινος. Ἀποστῶμεν τοίνυν τῆς ἀκερδοῦς δαπάνης: μάθωμεν ἐπὶ τίσιν ἀναλίσκειν καὶ πότε χρή. Μὴ δὴ ἀμφοτέρωθεν παροξύνωμεν τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ συνάγοντες ὅθεν οὐ χρὴ, καὶ σκορπίζοντες εἰς ἅπερ οὐ δεῖ. Πόσης γὰρ οὐκ ἂν ἄξιον εἴη ὀργῆς, ὅταν τῇ πόρνῃ διδῷς, παρατρέχων τὸν πένητα; Εἰ γὰρ καὶ ἐκ δικαίων πόνων παρεῖχες, οὐχὶ ἔγκλημα ἦν τὸ πρᾶγμα, μισθὸν κακίας παρέχειν, καὶ ὑπὲρ ὧν κολάζειν ἐχρῆν, ὑπὲρ τούτων τιμᾷν; Ὅταν δὲ καὶ ὀρφανοὺς ἀποδύων, καὶ χήρας ἀδικῶν, τρέφῃς ἀσέλγειαν, ἐννόησον ἡλίκον τοῖς ταῦτα τολμῶσιν ἔσται τὸ πῦρ. Ἄκουσον τί φησιν ὁ Παῦλος: Οὐ μόνον αὐτὰ ποιοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ συνευδοκοῦσι τοῖς πράσσουσι. Τάχα σφοδρῶς ὑμῶν καθηψάμεθα, ἀλλὰ κἂν ἡμεῖς μὴ καθαψώμεθα, αἱ διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων μένουσι τιμωρίαι τοὺς ἀδιόρθωτα ἁμαρτάνοντας. Τί οὖν ὄφελος ἐν τοῖς λόγοις χαρίζεσθαι τοῖς διὰ τῶν ἔργων κολάζεσθαι μέλλουσι; Συνευδοκεῖς τῷ ὀρχουμένῳ, ἐπαινεῖς καὶ θαυμάζεις; Οὐκοῦν ἐκείνου γέγονας χείρων. Τῷ μὲν γὰρ ἡ πενία συγγνώμην δίδωσιν, εἰ καὶ λόγον οὐκ ἔχουσαν: σὺ δὲ καὶ ταύτης ἀπεστέρησαι τῆς ἀπολογίας. Κἀκεῖνον μὲν ἐὰν ἔρωμαι, τί δήποτε τὰς ἄλλας τέχνας ἀφεὶς, ἐπὶ ταύτην ἦλθες τὴν ἐναγῆ καὶ μιαράν; ἐρεῖ, ὅτι ἔξεστιν ὀλίγα πονοῦντα, πολλὰ καρποῦσθαι. Σὲ δὲ ἐὰν ἔρωμαι, τί δήποτε θαυμάζεις τὸν ἐν ἀσελγείᾳ βιοῦντα καὶ ἐπὶ λύμῃ ζῶντα πολλῶν; οὐκ ἔχεις ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτὴν πρόφασιν καταφεύγειν, ἀλλὰ ἀνάγκη κάτω κύπτειν, καὶ αἰσχύνεσθαι καὶ ἐρυθριᾷν. Εἰ δὲ παρ' ἡμῶν εὐθύνας ἀπαιτούμενος οὐδὲν ἂν σχοίης εἰπεῖν, ὅταν τὸ φοβερὸν ἐκεῖνο καὶ ἀπαραίτητον παραγένηται δικαστήριον, ἔνθα τῶν νοημάτων, καὶ πραγμάτων, καὶ πάντων τίνομεν εὐθύνας, πῶς στησόμεθα; ποίοις ὀφθαλμοῖς τὸν κριτὴν ὀψόμεθα; τί ἐροῦμεν; τί ἀπολογησόμεθα; ποίαν εὔλογον, ποίαν ἄλογον προβαλούμεθα πρόφασιν; τὴν τῆς δαπάνης; τὴν τῆς τέρψεως; ἢ τὴν τῆς ἑτέρων ἀπωλείας, οὓς διὰ τῆς ἐκείνου τέχνης ἀπόλλυμεν; Οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲν εἰπεῖν, ἀλλ' ἀνάγκη κολάζεσθαι κόλασιν τέλος οὐκ ἔχουσαν, πέρας οὐκ ἐπισταμένην. Ὅπερ ἵνα μὴ γένηται, ἐντεῦθεν ἤδη πάντα φυλαξώμεθα, ἵνα μετὰ χρηστῆς ἐλπίδος ἀπελθόντες, τύχωμεν τῶν αἰωνίων ἀγαθῶν: ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, δι' οὗ καὶ μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.