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Just as one who registers himself as a slave from being a free man no longer does what he wishes, but is bound by all the laws of slavery; so also with the Law, when you undertake some small part of the Law, and submit yourself to the yoke, you have drawn upon yourself the whole dominion. So it is also with secular inheritance; he who has touched nothing is free from all the encumbrances brought by the inheritance of the deceased; but if he handles even a small part, even if he does not take everything, he has made himself liable for everything through that part. This also happens with the Law, not only in the way I have mentioned, but also in another; for the ordinances of the Law are connected to each other. For example: Circumcision has sacrifice joined to it, and the observance of days; sacrifice, in turn, has the keeping of days and place; the place has myriad ways of purification; the purifications introduce a swarm of various observances. For it is not lawful for the unclean to sacrifice, nor to enter the holy of holies, nor to do anything else of that sort. Therefore the Law draws many things along with it, even through one commandment. If, therefore, you are circumcised, but not on the eighth day; or on the eighth day, but there is no sacrifice; or there is a sacrifice, but not in the appointed place; or in the appointed place, but not with the customary rites; or with the customary rites, but you are not clean; or you are clean, but not purified by the proper ordinances, all those things are gone. For this reason he says, that he is a debtor to do the whole law. If the Law is master, do not fulfill a part, but the whole; but if it is not master, not even a part. You are severed from Christ, you who would be justified by the law; you have fallen away from grace. For since he has established this, he now declares the danger of the utmost precipices. For when he who runs to the Law can neither be saved from thence, and also falls from grace, what remains, but inescapable pun 61.666 ishment, since the one is powerless and the other does not receive him?

2. Having thus increased their fear, and shaken their mind, and shown the shipwreck which they are about to undergo, all, he opens to them from nearby the harbor of grace; which he does everywhere, showing salvation from thence to be most easy and most safe. Therefore he adds, saying; For we through faith in the Spirit eagerly await the hope of righteousness. We need none of those legal observances, he says; for faith is sufficient to provide us with the Spirit, and through it righteousness, and many and great good things. For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision is anything, nor uncircumcision, but faith working through love. Do you see how he now strips himself with greater boldness? For he who has put on Christ, let him no longer be concerned about these things, he says. And yet he said that circumcision is harmful; how then does he make it a matter of indifference? It is a matter of indifference for those who already had it before faith, not for those who are circumcised after faith. But see where he has cast it out, placing it with uncircumcision. For it is faith that makes the difference. Just as when one enlists athletes, whether they are hook-nosed or flat-nosed, whether black or white, these things make no difference for the test, but only that they be strong and skilled, this is what must be sought; so also for one who is about to be enrolled in the New Covenant, all these bodily things do no harm, just as they do not benefit, if they are present. What then is, Working through love? Here he has struck them a great blow, showing that this infiltration has happened because love for Christ was not rooted; for it is not only believing that is required, but also remaining in love. As if he had said: If you loved Christ as you ought, you would not have deserted to slavery, you would not have abandoned the one who redeemed you, you would not have insulted the one who set you free. And here he also alludes to those who plot against them, showing that also

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καθάπερ ὁ ἀπογραψάμενος εἶναι δοῦλος ἐξ ἐλευθέρου, οὐκέτι ποιεῖ ὃ βούλεται, ἀλλὰ πᾶσι τοῖς τῆς δουλείας κατέχεται νόμοις· οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ νόμου ὅταν ἀναδέξῃ μικρόν τι τοῦ νόμου, καὶ ὑπάγῃς σεαυτὸν τῷ ζυγῷ, ὅλην ἐφειλκύσω τὴν δεσποτείαν. Οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἔξωθεν κληρονομίας· ὁ μὲν μηδενὸς ἁψάμενος, πάντων ἀπήλλακται τῶν ἐπαγομένων τῷ κλήρῳ τοῦ τετελευτηκότος πραγμάτων· ἂν δὲ μικρόν τι χειρίσῃ, κἂν μὴ πάντα λάβῃ, πᾶσιν ἑαυτὸν ὑπεύθυνον κατέστησε διὰ τοῦ μέρους. Τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ νόμου συμβαίνει, οὐ διὰ τοῦτον δὲ μόνον ὃν εἴρηκα τρόπον, ἀλλὰ καὶ δι' ἕτερον· ἀλλήλων γὰρ τὰ νόμιμα ἔχεται. Οἷόν τι λέγω· Ἡ περιτομὴ θυσίαν ἔχει συνεζευγμένην καὶ ἡμερῶν παρατήρησιν· ἡ θυσία πάλιν καὶ ἡμέρας καὶ τόπου φυλακὴν, ὁ τόπος μυρίων καθαρμῶν τρόπους, οἱ καθαρμοὶ ἐσμόν τινα παρατηρήσεων εἰσάγουσι ποικίλων. Τὸν γὰρ ἀκάθαρτον οὐ θύειν, οὐχ ἱερῶν ἐπιβαίνειν ἀδύτων, οὐκ ἄλλο τι τῶν τοιούτων ποιεῖν θέμις. ∆ιὸ καὶ πολλὰ ἐφέλκεται καὶ διὰ τῆς μιᾶς ἐντολῆς ὁ νόμος. Ἂν τοίνυν περιτμηθῇς, μὴ ἐν τῇ ὀγδόῃ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ, ἢ ἐν τῇ ὀγδόῃ μὲν, μὴ οὔσης δὲ θυσίας, θυσίας δὲ οὔσης, μὴ ἐν τῷ ὡρισμένῳ δὲ τόπῳ, ἢ ἐν τῷ ὡρισμένῳ τόπῳ, μὴ τὰ νενομισμένα δὲ, ἢ τὰ νενομισμένα μὲν, μὴ καθαρὸς δὲ ὢν, ἢ καθαρὸς μὲν ὢν, οὐ τοῖς προσήκουσι δὲ θεσμοῖς καθαρθεὶς, πάντα οἴχεται ἐκεῖνα. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησιν, ὅτι Ὀφειλέτης ἐστὶν ὅλον τὸν νόμον πληρῶσαι. Εἰ μὲν κύριος ὁ νόμος, μὴ μέρος πληρώσῃς, ἀλλὰ τὸ πᾶν· εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἔστι κύριος, μηδὲ τὸ μέρος. Κατηργήθητε ἀπὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, οἵτινες ἐν νόμῳ δικαιοῦσθε· τῆς χάριτος ἐξεπέσετε. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ κατεσκεύασεν, ἀποφαίνεται λοιπὸν, καὶ τὸν περὶ τῶν ἐσχάτων κρημνῶν κίνδυνον. Ὅταν γὰρ ὁ τῷ νόμῳ προστρέχων, μήτε ἐκεῖθεν δύνηται σώζεσθαι, καὶ τῆς χάριτος ἐκπίπτῃ, τί τὸ λοιπὸν, ἀλλ' ἢ κό 61.666 λασις ἀπαραίτητος, τοῦ μὲν ἀτονοῦντος, τῆς δὲ οὐ προσιεμένης αὐτόν;

βʹ. Αὐξήσας τοίνυν αὐτῶν οὕτω τὸν φόβον, καὶ κατασείσας αὐτῶν τὴν διάνοιαν, καὶ δείξας τὸ ναυάγιον, ὃ μέλλουσιν ὑπομένειν, πᾶν, ἐγγύθεν ἀνοίγει αὐτοῖς τῆς χάριτος τὸν λιμένα· ὃ πανταχοῦ ποιεῖ, εὐκολωτάτην τε καὶ ἀσφαλεστάτην ἐντεῦθεν ἀποφαίνων τὴν σωτηρίαν. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἐπάγει λέγων· Ἡμεῖς γὰρ διὰ πίστεως ἐν πνεύματι ἐλπίδα δικαιοσύνης ἀπεκδεχόμεθα. Οὐδενὸς ἐκείνων τῶν νομίμων δεόμεθα, φησίν· ἀρκεῖ γὰρ ἡ πίστις ἡμῖν πνεῦμα παρασχεῖν, καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ δικαιοσύνην, καὶ τὰ πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα ἀγαθά. Ἐν γὰρ Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ οὔτε περιτομή τί ἐστιν, οὔτε ἀκροβυστία, ἀλλὰ πίστις δι' ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη. Ὁρᾷς πῶς λοιπὸν μετὰ πλείονος ἀποδύεται παῤῥησίας; Ὁ γὰρ τὸν Χριστὸν ἐνδυσάμενος, μηκέτι ταῦτα περιεργαζέσθω, φησί. Καὶ μὴν ἔλεγεν, ὅτι βλαβερὸν ἡ περιτομή· πῶς οὖν ἀδιάφορον αὐτὸ τίθησιν; Ἀδιάφορον ἐπὶ τῶν ἤδη πρὸ τῆς πίστεως ἐσχηκότων, οὐκ ἐπὶ τῶν μετὰ τὴν πίστιν περιτεμνομένων. Ὅρα δὲ ποῦ αὐτὴν ἐξέβαλε, μετὰ ἀκροβυστίας στήσας αὐτήν. Τὸ γὰρ ποιοῦν τὴν διαφορὰν ἡ πίστις ἐστίν. Ὥσπερ οὖν ἂν ἀθλητάς τις καταλέγῃ, ἄν τε γρυποὺς, ἄν τε σιμοὺς, ἄν τε μέλανας, ἄν τε λευκοὺς, οὐδὲν διαφέρει πρὸς τὴν δοκιμασίαν ταῦτα, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἰσχυροὶ καὶ ἐπιστήμονες ὦσι μόνον, τοῦτο δεῖ ζητεῖν· οὕτω καὶ τὸν μέλλοντα ἀπογράφεσθαι εἰς τὴν Καινὴν ∆ιαθήκην, οὐδὲν βλάπτει τὰ σωματικὰ ταῦτα ἅπαντα, ὥσπερ οὖν οὔτε ὀνίνησιν, ἂν προσῇ. Τί δέ ἐστι, ∆ι' ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη; Μεγάλην ἐνταῦθα πληγὴν αὐτοὺς ἔπληξεν, ἐμφήνας ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ τὴν πρὸς Χριστὸν ἀγάπην μὴ ῥιζωθῆναι αὕτη ἡ παρείσδυσις γέγονεν· οὐ γὰρ τὸ πιστεῦσαί ἐστι τὸ ζητούμενον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ μεῖναι ἀγαπῶντας. Ὡς ἂν εἰ ἔλεγεν· Εἰ ἠγαπᾶτε τὸν Χριστὸν ὡς ἐχρῆν, οὐκ ἂν ηὐτομολήσατε πρὸς τὴν δουλείαν, οὐκ ἂν τὸν ἐξαγοράσαντα ὑμᾶς ἀφήκατε, οὐκ ἂν ὑβρίσατε τὸν ἐλευθερώσαντα. Αἰνίττεται δὲ ἐνταῦθα καὶ τοὺς ἐπιβουλεύοντας αὐτοῖς, δεικνὺς ὅτι καὶ