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there are many things which he will be able to do more than the old man, and to charm that beast. What then are these? Labors, readings, all-night vigils, fasts. Why then do you say these things to us who are not monks? Do you say these things to me? Tell it to Paul, when he says, watching with all perseverance and supplication; when he says, Make no provision for the flesh, to gratify its desires; for he did not write these things to monks only, but to all who were in the cities. For does the man of the world owe to have anything more than the monk, except only to live with a wife? in this he has pardon, but in other things no longer, but it is proper for him to do all things equally with the monk. And the beatitudes from Christ were not spoken for monks only; since the whole of the world would be lost, and we would have accused God of cruelty. If the beatitudes were spoken for monks only, and it is not possible for the man of the world to fulfill them, yet He 63.68 Himself permitted marriage, then He Himself has destroyed all men. For if it is not possible with marriage to do the things of monks, all is lost and corrupted, and the things of virtue have been shut up in a narrow space. And how is marriage honorable, which hinders us so much? What then is there to say? It is possible, and very possible for those who have wives to pursue virtue, if we are willing. How? If having a wife, we be as though we had none; if we rejoice not in possessions, if we use the world as not abusing it. But if any have been hindered by marriage, let them see that marriage is not the impediment, but the will that has used marriage badly; since it is not wine that causes drunkenness, but a bad will, and using it beyond measure; use marriage with moderation, and you shall be first in the kingdom, and you shall enjoy all good things; which may we all attain, by the grace and loving-kindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, with whom to the Father together with the Holy Spirit be glory, dominion, honor, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

HOMILY VIII.

For every high priest, being taken from among men, is appointed for men

in things pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins, being able to deal gently with the ignorant and wandering, since he himself also is beset with weakness; and on account of this he is obligated, as for the people, so also for himself, to offer for sins. 1. Next, the blessed Paul wishes to show that this Covenant is far better than the old; and he does this by laying down the arguments from afar. For since there was nothing bodily, or of outward show, such as, no temple, no holy of holies, no priest with such great vestments, no legal observances, but all things were higher and more perfect, and nothing of the bodily, but the whole was in the spiritual, and the spiritual things did not so attract the weaker, as did the bodily; for this reason he sets this whole argument in motion. And see the wisdom: he makes his beginning first from the priest, and continually calls him high priest, and from him first he shows the difference. For this reason he first defines what a priest is, and shows what qualities he has of a priest, and what are the symbols of priesthood; and since it was objected to him that he was not even of noble birth, nor was he of a priestly tribe, nor a priest on earth, and it was likely for this reason that some would say, How then is this one a priest? what he does in the Epistle to the Romans, this he also does now. For having taken up an unlikely argument, if faith works that which the labor of the law and the sweat of works did not avail, and wishing to show that what seemed impossible has come to be and has been accomplished, he took refuge in the patriarch, and traced the whole thing back to that time. So indeed also here he cuts another path for the priesthood, setting it forth from those who preceded it. And just as in the case of punishment he brings forward not only Gehenna, but also the things that happened in the time of the fathers; so indeed also here;

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ἐστὶ πολλὰ, ἃ μᾶλλον τοῦ γέροντος ποιῆσαι δυνήσεται, καὶ ἐπᾴδειν τὸ θηρίον ἐκεῖνο. Ποῖα δὴ ταῦτά ἐστι; Πόνοι, ἀναγνώσεις, παννυχίδες, νηστεῖαι. Τί οὖν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ταῦτα φῂς τοὺς μὴ μονάζοντας; Ταῦτα ἐμοὶ λέγεις; εἰπὲ Παύλῳ, ὅταν λέγῃ, Ἀγρυπνοῦντες ἐν πάσῃ προσκαρτερήσει καὶ δεήσει· ὅταν λέγῃ· Τῆς σαρκὸς πρόνοιαν μὴ ποιεῖσθε εἰς ἐπιθυμίας· οὐ γὰρ δὴ μοναχοῖς ταῦτα ἔγραφε μόνον, ἀλλὰ πᾶσι τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι. Μὴ γὰρ ὁ κοσμικὸς ὀφείλει τι ἔχειν πλέον τοῦ μονάζοντος, ἢ τὸ γυναικὶ συνοικεῖν μόνον; ἐνταῦθα ἔχει τὴν συγγνώμην, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἄλλοις οὐκέτι, ἀλλὰ πάντα ἐξ ἴσης τῷ μονάζοντι πράττειν αὐτὸν προσῆκε. Καὶ οἱ μακαρισμοὶ δὲ οἱ παρὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ οὐ μονάζουσι μόνον εἰσὶν εἰρημένοι· ἐπεὶ τὸ πᾶν ἀπώλετο τῆς οἰκουμένης, καὶ κατηγορήσαμεν ἂν ὠμότητα τοῦ Θεοῦ. Εἰ δὲ οἱ μακαρισμοὶ τοῖς μονάζουσίν εἰσι μόνοις εἰρημένοι, καὶ τὸν κοσμικὸν οὐ δυνατὸν αὐτοὺς κατορθῶσαι, αὐ 63.68 τὸς δὲ τὸν γάμον ἐπέτρεψεν, ἄρα αὐτὸς πάντας ἀπώλεσεν. Εἰ γὰρ οὐ δυνατὸν μετὰ γάμου τὰ τῶν μοναζόντων ποιεῖν, πάντα ἀπόλωλε καὶ διέφθαρται, καὶ εἰς στενὸν κατεκλείσθη τὰ τῆς ἀρετῆς. Πῶς δὲ καὶ τίμιος ὁ γάμος, ὁ τοσοῦτον ἐμποδίζων ἡμῖν; Τί οὖν ἔστιν εἰπεῖν; ∆υνατὸν, καὶ σφόδρα δυνατὸν καὶ γυναῖκας ἔχοντας τὴν ἀρετὴν μετιέναι, ἐὰν θέλωμεν. Πῶς; Ἐὰν ἔχοντες γυναῖκα, ὡς μὴ ἔχοντες ὦμεν· ἐὰν μὴ χαίρωμεν ἐπὶ κτήσεσιν, ἐὰν τῷ κόσμῳ χρώμεθα ὡς μὴ καταχρώμενοι. Εἰ δέ τινες ἐνεποδίσθησαν ὑπὸ γάμου, ἰδέτωσαν ὅτι οὐχ ὁ γάμος ἐμπόδιον, ἀλλ' ἡ προαίρεσις ἡ κακῶς χρησαμένη τῷ γάμῳ· ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ ὁ οἶνος ποιεῖ τὴν μέθην, ἀλλ' ἡ κακὴ προαίρεσις, καὶ τὸ πέρα τοῦ μέτρου χρῆσθαι· μετὰ συμμετρίας τῷ γάμῳ χρῶ, καὶ πρῶτος ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ ἔσῃ, καὶ πάντων ἀπολαύσεις τῶν ἀγαθῶν· ὧν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δόξα, κράτος, τιμὴ, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Ηʹ.

Πᾶς γὰρ ἀρχιερεὺς ἐξ ἀνθρώπων λαμβανόμενος, ὑπὲρ ἀνθρώπων καθίσταται

τὰ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, ἵνα προσφέρῃ δῶρά τε καὶ θυσίας ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτιῶν, μετριοπαθεῖν δυνάμενος τοῖς ἀγνοοῦσι καὶ πλανωμένοις, ἐπεὶ καὶ αὐτὸς περίκειται ἀσθένειαν· καὶ διὰ ταύτην ὀφείλει, καθὼς περὶ τοῦ λαοῦ, οὕτω καὶ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ προσφέρειν ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτιῶν. αʹ. Θέλει δεῖξαι λοιπὸν ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος, ὅτι πολλῷ βελτίων ἡ ∆ιαθήκη αὕτη τῆς παλαιᾶς· ποιεῖ δὲ τοῦτο, πόῤῥωθεν προκαταβάλλων τοὺς λογισμούς. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐδὲν ἦν σωματικὸν, ἢ φανταστικὸν, οἷον, οὐ ναὸς, οὐχ ἅγια ἁγίων, οὐχ ἱερεὺς τοσαύτην ἔχων κατασκευὴν, οὐ παρατηρήσεις νομικαὶ, ἀλλ' ὑψηλότερα καὶ τελειότερα πάντα, καὶ οὐδὲν τῶν σωματικῶν, τὸ δὲ πᾶν ἐν τοῖς πνευματικοῖς ἦν, οὐχ οὕτω δὲ τὰ πνευματικὰ τοὺς ἀσθενεστέρους ἐπήγετο, ὡς τὰ σωματικά· τούτου χάριν τοῦτον ὅλον κινεῖ τὸν λόγον. Καὶ θέα τὴν σύνεσιν· ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱερέως πρώτου ποιεῖται τὴν ἀρχὴν, καὶ συνεχῶς αὐτὸν ἀρχιερέα καλεῖ, καὶ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ πρῶτον δείκνυσι τὴν διαφοράν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο ὁρίζεται πρῶτον τί ἐστιν ἱερεὺς, καὶ δείκνυσι τίνα ἔχει ἱερέως, καὶ τίνα σύμβολα γίνεται ἱερωσύνης· καὶ ἐπείπερ ἀντέπιπτεν αὐτῷ, ὅτι οὐδὲ εὐγενὴς ἦν, οὔτε ἐκ φυλῆς ἦν ἱερατικῆς, οὔτε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἱερεὺς, εἰκὸς δὲ ἦν διὰ τοῦτό τινας εἰπεῖν, Πῶς οὖν ἱερεὺς οὗτος; ὅπερ ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους Ἐπιστολῇ, τοῦτο καὶ νῦν ποιεῖ. Ἀπίθανον γὰρ λόγον λαβὼν, εἰ πίστις ἐργάζεται τοῦτο ὅπερ οὐκ ἴσχυσεν ὁ τοῦ νόμου πόνος καὶ ὁ τῆς πολιτείας ἱδρὼς, καὶ θέλων δεῖξαι ὅτι τὸ δοκοῦν ἀδύνατον γέγονε καὶ κατώρθωται, κατέφυγεν ἐπὶ τὸν πατριάρχην, καὶ εἰς ἐκεῖνον τὸν χρόνον τὸ πᾶν ἀνήγαγεν. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα τέμνει τῆς ἱερωσύνης τὴν ἑτέραν ὁδὸν, ἀπὸ τῶν φθασάντων αὐτὴν προτιθείς. Καὶ καθάπερ ἐπὶ τῆς κολάσεως οὐ τὴν γέενναν παραφέρει μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῶν πατέρων συμβάντα· οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα·