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for they too have undertaken teaching, and the leadership of the Church; and what he said concerning bishops, this also is fitting for presbyters. For in ordination alone they have surpassed them, and in this only do they seem to have the advantage over the presbyters. Deacons likewise. That is, they too must have, he says, the same things. What are the same things? Such as to be blameless, sober, hospitable, gentle, not quarrelsome, not a lover of money. And that he wished them to be such when he said, Likewise, he showed by the following words, saying, Grave, not double-tongued; that is, not insidious, nor deceitful. For nothing is so accustomed to make men ignoble, as deceit; nothing is so useless in the Church, as insidiousness. Not given to much wine, he says, not greedy for dishonest gain, holding the mystery of the faith in a pure conscience. Behold, he has signified what it is to be blameless. But see how he also puts here, Not a novice. For in saying, And let these also first be tested, as this was said by him concerning the bishop, thus he added his connecting particle; for there is nothing in between. For this reason it is said there also, Not a novice. For how is it not absurd, if in a house a newly bought slave is not first entrusted with anything within, before he gives many proofs of his judgment through much experience, but in the Church of God one who has come in from outside is immediately ranked among the first? Women likewise, he says deacons, grave, not slanderers, sober, faithful in all things. Some say that this is said simply concerning women, but it is not so; for what did he wish to insert something about women in the midst of what has been said? But he speaks of those who hold the dignity of the diaconate. Let deacons be husbands of one wife. It is fitting for these things to have been said also concerning women deacons. For this is very necessary and useful and seemly in the Church. Let deacons be husbands, he says, of one wife. Do you see how he requires the same virtue also from deacons? For even if they are not of the same dignity as the bishop, yet nevertheless they ought to be likewise blameless, likewise pure. Ruling their children and their own houses well. For those who have served well as deacons obtain for themselves a good standing, and great boldness in the faith which is in Christ Jesus. Everywhere he places the rule of children, so that from this the rest 62.554 may not be scandalized. For those who have served well, he says, as deacons, obtain for themselves a good standing; that is, advancement and great boldness in the faith of Jesus Christ. As if he had said: Those who have shown themselves to be vigilant in the lower things, will quickly also ascend to those. These things I write to you, hoping to come to you sooner. But if I am delayed, that you may know how you ought to conduct yourself in the house of God, which is the Church of the living God, the pillar and foundation of the truth. Lest his giving commands on such matters should cast the disciple into despondency, he says: I do not write these things for this reason, as if I will not come again, but I will come, but if I happen to be delayed, so that you may not be distressed, he says. To him, then, he sends these instructions in order to stop his despondency, but to the others in order to arouse them, and to make them more diligent; for his presence, even when promised, was able to do great things. But do not wonder, if, foreseeing all things by the Spirit, he was ignorant of this, saying, I hope to come, but if I am delayed; for this is of one who is ignorant. For since he was led by the Spirit, and did not do what he did by his own judgment, he was reasonably ignorant of this. That you may know, he says, how you ought to conduct yourself in the house of God, which is the Church of the living God, the pillar and foundation of the truth. Not like that Jewish one. For this is what holds together the faith and the preaching; for the truth is of the Church both pillar and foundation. And confessedly, he says, great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifested in the flesh, was justified in the Spirit. That is, the economy on our behalf. Do not tell me of the

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γὰρ καὶ αὐτοὶ διδασκαλίαν εἰσὶν ἀναδεδεγμένοι, καὶ προστασίαν τῆς Ἐκκλησίας· καὶ ἃ περὶ ἐπισκόπων εἶπε, ταῦτα καὶ πρεσβυτέροις ἁρμόττει. Τῇ γὰρ χειροτονίᾳ μόνῃ ὑπερβεβήκασι, καὶ τούτῳ μόνον δοκοῦσι πλεονεκτεῖν τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους. ∆ιακόνους ὡσαύτως. Τουτέστι, τὰ αὐτὰ δεῖ, φησὶν, ἔχειν καὶ αὐτούς. Τί ἐστι τὰ αὐτά; Οἷον τὸ ἀνεπιλήπτους εἶναι, τὸ σώφρονας, τὸ φιλοξένους, τὸ ἐπιεικεῖς, ἀμάχους, ἀφιλαργύρους. Καὶ ὅτι τοιούτους αὐτοὺς εἶναι βουλόμενος εἶπε τὸ, Ὡσαύτως, ἐδήλωσε διὰ τῆς ἐπαγωγῆς λέγων, Σεμνοὺς, μὴ διλόγους· τουτέστι, μὴ ὑπούλους, μηδὲ δολερούς. Οὐδὲν γὰρ οὕτω ποιεῖν εἴωθεν ἀγεννεῖς, ὡς τὸ δολερόν· οὐδὲν οὕτως ἄχρηστον ἐν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ, ὡς τὸ ὕπουλον. Μὴ οἴνῳ πολλῷ, φησὶ, προσέχοντας, μὴ αἰσχροκερδεῖς, ἔχοντας τὸ μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει. Ἰδοὺ ἐσήμανε τί ἐστιν ἀλήπτους εἶναι. Ὅρα δὲ πῶς τὸ, Μὴ νεόφυτον, καὶ ἐνταῦθα τίθησι. Τὸ γὰρ εἰπεῖν, Καὶ οὗτοι δοκιμαζέσθωσαν πρῶτον, ὡς περὶ τοῦ ἐπισκόπου τοῦτο εἰρημένον αὐτῷ, οὕτω τὸν σύνδεσμον αὐτοῦ ἐπήγαγεν· οὐδὲν γὰρ τὸ μέσον μεταξύ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο εἴρηται καὶ ἐκεῖ τὸ, Μὴ νεόφυτον. Πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἄτοπον, εἰς μὲν οἰκίαν νεώνητον οἰκέτην μὴ πρότερον ἐγχειρίζεσθαί τι τῶν ἔνδον, πρὶν ἂν διὰ πολλῆς τῆς πείρας τῆς αὐτοῦ γνώμης πολλὰ τεκμήρια δῷ, εἰς δὲ τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἔξωθεν εἰσελθόντα εἰς τοὺς πρώτους εὐθέως κατατάττεσθαι; Γυναῖκας ὡσαύτως, διακόνους φησὶ, σεμνὰς, μὴ διλόγους, νηφαλίους, πιστὰς ἐν πᾶσι. Τινὲς ἁπλῶς περὶ γυναικῶν εἰρῆσθαι τοῦτό φασιν, οὐκ ἔστι δέ· τί γὰρ ἐβούλετο μεταξὺ τῶν εἰρημένων παρεμβαλεῖν τι περὶ γυναικῶν; ἀλλὰ περὶ τῶν τὸ ἀξίωμα τῆς διακονίας ἐχουσῶν λέγει. ∆ιάκονοι ἔστωσαν μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρες. Ταῦτα καὶ περὶ γυναικῶν διακόνων ἁρμόττει εἰρῆσθαι. Σφόδρα γὰρ ἀναγκαῖον τοῦτο καὶ χρήσιμον καὶ κόσμιον ἐν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ. ∆ιάκονοι ἔστωσαν μιᾶς γυναικὸς, φησὶν, ἄνδρες. Ὁρᾷς πῶς τὴν αὐτὴν ἀπαιτεῖ καὶ παρὰ διακόνων ἀρετήν; Εἰ γὰρ καὶ μὴ τῆς αὐτῆς εἰσιν ἀξίας τῷ ἐπισκόπῳ, ἀλλ' ὅμως ὁμοίως ἀνεπίληπτοι, ὁμοίως ἁγνοὶ ὀφείλουσιν εἶναι. Τέκνων καλῶς προϊστάμενοι καὶ τῶν ἰδίων οἴκων. Οἱ γὰρ καλῶς διακονήσαντες, βαθμὸν καλὸν ἑαυτοῖς περιποιοῦνται, καὶ πολλὴν παῤῥησίαν ἐν πίστει τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ. Πανταχοῦ τίθησι τὴν τῶν τέκνων προστασίαν, ἵνα μὴ ἀπὸ τούτου οἱ λοιποὶ 62.554 σκανδαλίζωνται. Οἱ γὰρ καλῶς, φησὶ, διακονήσαντες, βαθμὸν καλὸν ἑαυτοῖς περιποιοῦνται· τουτέστι, προκοπὴν καὶ παῤῥησίαν πολλὴν τὴν ἐν πίστει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ὡσεὶ ἔλεγεν· Οἱ ἐν τοῖς κάτω δείξαντες ἑαυτοὺς διεγηγερμένους, ταχέως καὶ πρὸς ἐκεῖνα ἀνελεύσονται. Ταῦτά σοι γράφω, ἐλπίζων ἐλθεῖν πρὸς σὲ τάχιον. Ἐὰν δὲ βραδύνω, ἵνα εἰδῇς πῶς δεῖ ἐν οἴκῳ Θεοῦ ἀναστρέφεσθαι, ἥτις ἐστὶν Ἐκκλησία Θεοῦ ζῶντος, στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας. Ἵνα μὴ τὸ περὶ τοιούτων αὐτὸν διατάττεσθαι εἰς ἀθυμίαν ἐμβάλῃ τὸν μαθητὴν, φησίν· Οὐ διὰ τοῦτο ταῦτα γράφω, ὡς οὐκέτι ἥξων, ἀλλ' ἥξω μὲν, εἰ δὲ συμβῇ με βραδῦναι, ἵνα μὴ ἀσχάλλῃς, φησί. Τούτῳ μὲν ὑπὲρ τοῦ παῦσαι τὴν ἀθυμίαν ταῦτα ἐπιστέλλει, τοῖς δὲ ἄλλοις ὑπὲρ τοῦ διεγεῖραι αὐτοὺς, καὶ ποιῆσαι σπουδαιοτέρους· ἡ γὰρ παρουσία αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπαγγελλομένη, μεγάλα ἠδύνατο. Μὴ θαυμάσῃς δὲ, εἰ πνεύματι πάντα προορῶν, ἠγνόει τοῦτο λέγων, Ἐλπίζω ἐλθεῖν, ἐὰν δὲ βραδύνω· τοῦτο γὰρ ἀγνοοῦντός ἐστιν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πνεύματι ἤγετο, καὶ οὐκ οἰκείᾳ γνώμῃ ἔπραττεν ἅπερ ἔπραττε, καὶ τοῦτο εἰκότως ἠγνόει. Ἵνα εἰδῇς, φησὶ, πῶς δεῖ ἐν οἴκῳ Θεοῦ ἀναστρέφεσθαι, ἥτις ἐστὶν Ἐκκλησία Θεοῦ ζῶντος, στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας. Οὐχ ὡς ἐκεῖνος ὁ Ἰουδαϊκός. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ συνέχον τὴν πίστιν καὶ τὸ κήρυγμα· ἡ γὰρ ἀλήθειᾴ ἐστι τῆς Ἐκκλησίας καὶ στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα. Καὶ ὁμολογουμένως, φησὶ, μέγα ἐστὶ τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον· Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκὶ, ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι. Τουτέστιν, ἡ οἰκονομία ἡ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν. Μή μοι εἴπῃς τοὺς