Chapter 38

There are eleven ways of being in something: (1) as genus in species, as the animal is in the definition of man; (2) as species in genus, as man is in the division of. the animal; (3) in a place, as a priest in the temple; (4) in time, as Noe in the time of the flood; (5) in a receptacle, as wine is in a jar; (6) as a whole in parts, as Socrates in his own members, in his head, hands, and feet—although this is not being in something but, rather, in some things; (7) as the part in a whole, as the head or hand in Socrates; (8) as form in matter, as the form of the statue in the bronze; (9) as in the efficient cause, as all things are in God; (10) as in the final cause, as the bed is in man’s rest, because it is for the purpose of man’s resting that the bed is made; (11) as in a subject, as whiteness is in a body. One should know, moreover, that parts are said to belong to a whole, but a whole is never said to belong to parts but rather to be a whole in parts.

[24] {Περὶ τοῦ ἔν τινι.} Τὸ ἔν τινι ἑνδεκαχῶς: αʹ ὡς γένος ἐν εἴδει ὡς τὸ ζῷον ἐν τῷ ὁρισμῷ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου γένος ὂν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου: βʹ ὡς εἶδος ἐν γένει ὡς ἄνθρωπος ἐν τῇ διαιρέσει τοῦ ζῴου: γʹ ἐν τόπῳ ὡς ἱερεὺς ἐν τῷ ναῷ: δʹ ἐν χρόνῳ ὡς Νῶε ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ: εʹ ἐν ἀγγείῳ ὡς οἶνος ἐν κρατῆρι: Ϛʹ ὡς ὅλον ἐν μέρεσιν ὡς Σωκράτης ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοις μέλεσι κεφαλῇ τε καὶ χερσὶ καὶ ποσί: τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν ἔν τινι ἀλλ' ἔν τισιν: ζʹ ὡς μέρος ἐν ὅλῳ ὡς κεφαλή, χεὶρ ἐν Σωκράτει: ηʹ ὡς εἶδος ἐν ὕλῃ ὡς τὸ εἶδος τοῦ ἀνδριάντος ἐν τῷ χαλκῷ: θʹ ὡς ἐν τῷ ποιητικῷ αἰτίῳ ὡς τὰ πάντα ἐν τῷ θεῷ: ιʹ ὡς ἐν τῷ τελικῷ αἰτίῳ ὡς ἡ κλίνη ἐν τῇ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀναπαύσει: διὰ τὴν ἀνάπαυσιν γὰρ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γίνεται κλίνη: ιαʹ ὡς ἐν ὑποκειμένῳ ὡς λευκὸν ἐν σώματι. Ἰστέον, ὅτι μέρη ὅλου λέγονται, ὅλον δὲ μερῶν οὐδαμῶς, ἀλλ' ὅλον ἐν μέρεσι.