45

they heard these things around Peter the chief, as seeking to learn things greater than themselves. Yes, he says, but it was possible to thus stop the mouths of the Greeks. How, tell me? Since they, he says, say that this world is God; but if we knew the time of its dissolution, we would have stopped their mouths. Indeed; for is this what stops them, to learn that it is sometime dissolved, or to learn when it is dissolved? If you wish to stop their mouths, say this to them, that it will have an end; if they are not persuaded by this, neither will they be persuaded by that. Hear Paul saying: For you yourselves know perfectly, that the day of the Lord so comes as a thief in the night; not only the common day, but also each one's own; for this one imitates that one, since it is like it and related. For what that one does all at once, this one does in part; and the time of the consummation took its beginning from Adam, and the end of each of our lives is an image of the consummation, and one would not err in calling it a consummation. For when thousands die each day, and all await that day, and before it no one rises, is it not the work of that day? But if you wish to learn why this is hidden, and why it so comes as a thief in the night, I will say what seems right to me. No one would ever have cared for virtue throughout his whole life, if it were plain and not hidden; but knowing his last day, and having done a thousand terrible things, and then having approached the font, so he would have departed. For if now, when the fear of uncertainty shakes the souls of all, all who have spent their entire former life in wickedness give themselves to baptism at their last breaths; if they had been very strongly persuaded about this, who would ever have cared for virtue? For if, even when fear is pressing, many departed without illumination, and not even this fear taught them while living to care for the things pleasing to God; if this fear were also taken away, who would ever have become sober? or who gentle? There is no one. And again another point. A great fear of death now possesses us, and a love of life; but if each one knew that he would certainly die tomorrow, he would not have refrained from daring anything before that day, but would even have slaughtered whomever he wished, and would have done a thousand terrible things, taking vengeance on his enemies. 2. For a foul man who has despaired of this life here has no regard even for him who wears the purple. He, therefore, who is persuaded that he must certainly depart, will both take vengeance on his enemy, and having first given rest to his soul, would thus receive his end. Shall I say yet a third thing? Those who love life, and greatly desire the things here, would have been destroyed by despondency and grief. For if one of the young men knew that he would receive his end before old age, just as the dullest of beasts, when they are caught, become even more so, expecting their end, so also would he have been disposed. Not even noble men themselves would have a reward. For if they knew that they must certainly depart after three years, and that it is not possible before then, what reward would they have for daring dreadful things? For someone might say to them, "Since you are confident about the three years, for this reason you give yourselves over to dangers, knowing that it is not possible for you to depart otherwise." For he who expects to die from each danger, and knows that he will live if he does not act rashly, but will die if he dares such things, has brought forth the greatest proof of his own readiness and of his contempt for this life here. And I will make this plain to you from an example: Tell me, if the patriarch Abraham had brought up his son knowing beforehand that he would not slaughter him, would he have had any reward? And what if Paul, knowing beforehand that he would not die, despised the dangers, in what way would he be admirable? For so also the

45

περὶ Πέτρον τὸν κορυφαῖον ταῦτα ἤκουσαν, ὡς τὰ μείζονα ἑαυτῶν ζητοῦντες μαθεῖν. Ναὶ, φησὶν, ἀλλ' ἐνῆν τὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐπιστομίζειν οὕτω στόματα. Πῶς, εἰπέ μοι; Ἐπειδὴ ἐκεῖνοι, φησὶ, τὸν κόσμον τοῦτον θεὸν λέγουσιν εἶναι· εἰ δὲ τὸν καιρὸν ᾔδειμεν τῆς καταλύσεως, ἐπεστομίσαμεν ἂν αὐτῶν τὰ στόματα. Πάνυ γε· τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ ἐπιστομίζον ἐκείνους, τὸ μαθεῖν, ὅτι ποτὲ καταλύεται, ἢ τὸ μαθεῖν πότε καταλύεται; Εἰ ἐπιστομίζειν βούλεσθε, τοῦτο λέγετε πρὸς αὐτοὺς, ὅτι πέρας ἕξει· εἰ μὴ πείθονται τούτῳ, οὐδὲ ἐκείνῳ πείσονται. Ἄκουσον τοῦ Παύλου λέγοντος· Αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀκριβῶς οἴδατε, ὅτι ἡ ἡμέρα Κυρίου, ὡς κλέπτης ἐν νυκτὶ, οὕτως ἔρχεται· οὐχ ἡ κοινὴ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ ἑκάστου ἰδία· αὕτη γὰρ ἐκείνην μιμεῖται, ἐπειδὴ ὁμοία αὐτῇ ἐστι καὶ συγγενής. Ὅπερ γὰρ ἀθρόως ἐκείνη, τοῦτο αὕτη κατὰ μέρος ποιεῖ· καὶ τῆς συντελείας ὁ καιρὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ ἔλαβε τὴν ἀρχὴν, τό τε τέλος ἑκάστου ἡμῶν τῆς ζωῆς εἰκὼν συντελείας ἐστὶ, καὶ οὐκ ἄν τις ἁμάρτοι συντέλειαν αὐτὸ εἰπών. Ὅταν γὰρ μυρίοι καθ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν τελευτῶσι, καὶ ἀναμένωσι τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην ἅπαντες, καὶ πρὸ ἐκείνης οὐδεὶς ἀνίσταται, οὐχὶ ἐκείνης τὸ ἔργον ἐστίν; Εἰ δὲ βούλεσθε μαθεῖν διὰ τί ἀποκέκρυπται αὕτη, καὶ διὰ τί ὡς κλέπτης ἐν νυκτὶ οὕτως ἔρχεται, ἐγὼ, ὡς ἐμαυτῷ δοκῶ καλῶς ἔχειν, ἐρῶ. Οὐδεὶς ἂν ἀρετῆς ἐπεμελήθη ποτὲ παρὰ τὸν ἅπαντα βίον, εἰ δῆλον ἦν καὶ μὴ ἀπεκέκρυπτο· ἀλλ' εἰδὼς αὐτοῦ τὴν τελευταίαν ἡμέραν, καὶ μυρία ἐργασάμενος δεινὰ, καὶ τῷ λουτρῷ τότε προσελθὼν, οὕτως ἂν ἀπῆλθεν. Εἰ γὰρ νῦν, τοῦ τῆς ἀδηλίας φόβου κατασείοντος τὰς ἁπάντων ψυχὰς, πάντες τὸν ἔμπροσθεν βίον ἅπαντα ἐν κακίᾳ καταναλώσαντες, εἰς ἐσχάτας ἀναπνοὰς τῷ βαπτίσματι διδόασιν ἑαυτούς· εἰ καὶ σφόδρα ὑπὲρ τούτου ἦσαν πεπεικότες ἑαυτοὺς, τίς ἄν ποτε ἀρετῆς ἐπεμελήθη; Εἰ γὰρ, καὶ φόβου ἐπικειμένου, πολλοὶ χωρὶς φωτίσματος ἀπῆλθον, καὶ οὐδὲ οὗτος αὐτοὺς ὁ φόβος ἐπαίδευσε ζῶντας ἐπιμελεῖσθαι τῶν τῷ Θεῷ δοκούντων· εἰ καὶ οὗτος ἀνῄρητο ὁ φόβος, τίς ἂν ἐγένετό ποτε σώφρων; τίς δὲ ἐπιεικής; Οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδείς. Καὶ ἕτερον δὲ πάλιν πολὺς ὁ τοῦ θανάτου φόβος κατέχει νῦν, καὶ ὁ τῆς ζωῆς ἔρως· εἰ δὲ ᾔδει ἕκαστος, ὅτι αὔριον πάντως τεθνήξεται, οὐδὲν ἂν παρῃτήσατο τολμῆσαι πρὸ τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔσφαξεν οὓς ἂν ἠθέλησε, καὶ μυρία ἂν εἰργάσατο δεινὰ, τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἀμυνόμενος. βʹ. Ἄνθρωπος γὰρ μιαρὸς καὶ τῆς ἐνθάδε ζωῆς ἀπεγνωκὼς οὐδὲ αὐτοῦ λόγον ἔχει τοῦ τὴν ἁλουργίδα περικειμένου. Ὁ τοίνυν πεπεισμένος ὅτι πάντως ἀπελθεῖν δεῖ, καὶ ἀμυνεῖται τὸν ἐχθρὸν, καὶ πρότερον ἀναπαύσας αὐτοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν, οὕτως ἂν ἐδέξατο τὴν τελευτήν. Εἴπω τι καὶ τρίτον ἕτερον; Οἱ φιλοζωοῦντες, καὶ σφόδρα τῶν ἐνθάδε ἐφιέμενοι, ὑπὸ τῆς ἀθυμίας ἂν καὶ τῆς λύπης διεφθάρησαν. Εἰ γάρ τις τῶν νέων ὅτι πρὸ τοῦ γήρως δέξεται τὴν τελευτὴν ἠπίστατο, καθάπερ τὰ νωθρότατα τῶν θηρίων, ἐπειδὰν συλληφθῇ, μᾶλλον τοιαῦτα γίνεται, προσδοκῶντα τὴν τελευτὴν, οὕτως ἂν διετέθη καὶ οὗτος. Οὐδὲ αὐτοὶ οἱ γενναῖοι ἄνδρες μισθὸν ἂν ἔσχον. Εἰ γὰρ ᾔδεσαν ὅτι πάντως μετὰ τρία ἔτη ἀπελθεῖν δεῖ, καὶ πρὸ ἐκείνων οὐ δυνατὸν, ποῖον ἂν ἔσχον μισθὸν, κατατολμῶντες τῶν δεινῶν; Εἶπε γὰρ ἄν τις πρὸς αὐτοὺς, ὅτι Ἐπειδὴ θαῤῥεῖτε ὑπὲρ τῶν τριῶν ἐτῶν, διὰ τοῦτο τοῖς κινδύνοις ἑαυτοὺς ἐκδιδόατε, εἰδότες ὅτι ἄλλως οὐκ ἔνι ὑμᾶς ἀπελθεῖν. Ὁ γὰρ ἐξ ἑκάστου κινδύνου προσδοκῶν τεθνήξεσθαι, καὶ εἰδὼς ὅτι ζήσεται μὲν μὴ παραβουλευσάμενος, τεθνήξεται δὲ τοιαῦτα τολμῶν, τῆς αὐτοῦ προθυμίας καὶ τοῦ καταφρονεῖν τῆς ἐνθάδε ζωῆς μέγιστον ἐξήνεγκε τεκμήριον. Ἀπὸ δὲ ὑποδείγματος τοῦτο ὑμῖν ποιήσω φανερόν· Εἰπέ μοι, εἰ ὁ πατριάρχης Ἀβραὰμ προειδὼς ὅτι οὐ σφάξει τὸν υἱὸν ἀνήγαγεν, ἆρα ἂν ἔσχε τινὰ μισθόν; Τί δὲ, εἰ ὁ Παῦλος προειδὼς, ὅτι οὐ τεθνήξεται, ὑπερεῖδε τῶν κινδύνων, ποῦ δὲ καὶ θαυμαστός; Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ὁ