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he lies about the Egyptians; for thirty-three years ago they came out of Egypt and have dwelt since then in the country that is still even now called Judaea, before Danaus also arrived in Argos. And that most among the Greeks consider him more ancient than the rest is clear. So that Manetho, against his will, has revealed to us two points of the truth through his own writings, first, by confessing them to be shepherds, second, by saying also that they had departed from the land of Egypt; so that also from these records it is shown that Moses and those with him were earlier by nine hundred or even a thousand years than the Trojan war. But also concerning the building of the temple in Judaea, which king Solomon built five hundred and sixty-six years after the exodus of the Jews from Egypt, it is recorded among the Tyrians how the temple was built, and the documents have been preserved in their archives, in which records the temple is found to have been built earlier than the Tyrians founded Carthage by one hundred and forty-three years, eight months; (the name of Hirom, king of the Tyrians, son of Abeibalus, was recorded, because Hirom had become a friend of Solomon through a friendship inherited from his father, and at the same time on account of the surpassing wisdom that Solomon possessed. For they continually tested each other with problems; and as proof of this, they say that copies of their letters are preserved among the Tyrians to this day; and they sent letters to one another.) -as Menander of Ephesus mentions, when writing the history of the kingdom of the Tyrians, saying thus: "For when Abeibalus," king of the Tyrians, "died, his son Hirom succeeded to the kingdom, who, having lived fifty-three years, reigned thirty-four years . Baleazorus succeeded him, having lived 43 years, who reigned 17 years. After him Abdastartus, who having lived 29 years reigned 9 years. And after him Methuastartus, having lived 54 years, reigned 12 years. And after him his brother Atharymus, having lived 58 years, reigned 9 years. His brother Helles by name slew him, who having lived 50 years reigned for eight months. Ithobalus, a priest of Astarte, slew him, who having lived 40 years reigned 32 years. His son Balezorus succeeded him, who having lived 45 years reigned 6 years. And his son Mettenus, having lived 32 years, reigned 29 years. Pygmalion succeeded him, who having lived 56 years reigned 47 years. And in the seventh year of his reign, his sister fleeing to Libya built the city called Carthage to this day. The whole time, therefore, from the reign of Hirom to the founding of Carthage comes to 155 years, eight months. And in the twelfth year of the reign of Hirom the temple in Jerusalem was built, so that the whole time from the building of the temple to the founding of Carthage was 143 years, 8 months." Of the testimony, therefore, of the Phoenicians and Egyptians, as has been related-

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τοὺς Aἰγυπτίους ψεύδεται· πρὸ ἐτῶν γὰρ λ%γ ἐξῆλθον ἐκ τῆς Aἰγύπτου καὶ ᾤκησαν ἔκτοτε τὴν χώραν, τὴν ἔτι καὶ νῦν καλουμένην Ἰουδαίαν, πρὸ τοῦ καὶ ∆αναὸν εἰς Ἄργος ἀφικέσθαι. ὅτι δὲ τοῦτον ἀρχαιότερον ἡγοῦνται τῶν λοιπῶν κατὰ Ἕλληνας οἱ πλείους, σαφές ἐστιν. Ὥστε ὁ Μαναιθὼς δύο τάξεις ἄκων τῆς ἀληθείας μεμήνυκεν ἡμῖν διὰ τῶν αὐτοῦ γραμμάτων, πρῶτον μὲν ποιμένας αὐτοὺς ὁμολογήσας, δεύτερον εἰπὼν καὶ τὸ ἐξεληλυθέναι αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Aἰγύπτου· ὥστε καὶ ἐκ τούτων τῶν ἀναγραφῶν δείκνυσθαι προγενέ- στερον εἶναι τὸν Μωσῆν καὶ τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ ἐνακοσίους ἢ καὶ χιλίους ἐνιαυτοὺς πρὸ τοῦ Ἰλιακοῦ πολέμου. Ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ τοῦ ναοῦ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς τοῦ ἐν Ἰουδαίᾳ, ὃν ᾠκοδόμησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Σολομὼν μετὰ ἔτη πεντακόσια ἑξήκοντα ἓξ τῆς Aἰγύπτου ἐξοδίας τῶν Ἰουδαίων, παρὰ Τυρίοις ἀναγέγραπται ὡς ὁ ναὸς ᾠκοδόμηται, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀρχείοις αὐτῶν πεφύλακται τὰ γράμματα, ἐν αἷς ἀναγραφαῖς εὑρίσκεται γεγονὼς ὁ ναὸς πρὸ τοῦ τοὺς Τυρίους τὴν Καρχηδόνα κτίσαι θᾶττον ἔτεσιν ἑκατὸν τεσσαρά- κοντα τρισίν, μησὶν ὀκτώ· (ἀνεγράφη ὑπὸ Ἱερώμου τοὔνομα βασιλέως Τυρίων, υἱοῦ δὲ Ἀβειβάλου, διὰ τὸ ἐκ πατρικῆς συνηθείας τὸν Ἱέρωμον γεγενῆσθαι φίλον τοῦ Σολομῶνος, ἅμα καὶ διὰ τὴν ὑπερβάλλουσαν σοφίαν, ἣν ἔσχεν ὁ Σολομών. ἐν γὰρ προβλήμασιν ἀλλήλους συνεχῶς ἐγύμναζον· τεκμήριον δὲ τούτου, καὶ ἀντίγραφα ἐπιστολῶν αὐτῶν φασιν μέχρι τοῦ δεῦρο παρὰ τοῖς Τυρίοις πεφυλαγ- μένα· γράμματά τε ἀλλήλοις διέπεμπον.) -καθὼς μέμνηται Μέναν- δρος ὁ Ἐφέσιος, ἱστορῶν περὶ τῆς Τυρίων βασιλείας, λέγων οὕτως· "Τελευτήσαντος γὰρ Ἀβειβάλου" βασιλέως Τυρίων "διεδέξατο τὴν βασιλείαν ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ Ἱέρωμος, ὃς βιώσας ἔτη πεντήκοντα τρία <ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη τριάκοντα τέσσαρα>. τοῦτον δὲ διεδέξατο Βαλεά- ζωρος, βιώσας ἔτη μγ, ὃς ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη ιζ. <μετὰ τοῦτον Ἀβδάστρατος, ὃς βιώσας ἔτη κθ ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη θ.> μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Μεθουάσταρτος, βιώσας ἔτη νδ, ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη ιβ. μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ Ἀθάρυμος, βιώσας ἔτη νη, ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη θ. τοῦτον ἀνεῖλεν ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ Ἕλλης τοὔνομα, ὃς βιώσας ἔτη ν ἐβασίλευσεν μῆνας ὀκτώ. τοῦτον ἀνεῖλεν Ἰουθώβαλος, ἱερεὺς τῆς Ἀστάρτης, ὃς βιώσας ἔτη μ ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη λβ. τοῦτον διεδέξατο ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ Βαλέζωρος, ὃς βιώσας ἔτη με ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη Ϛ. υἱὸς δὲ τούτου Μέττηνος, βιώσας ἔτη λβ, ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτη κθ. τοῦτον διεδέξατο Πυγμαλίων, ὃς βιώσας ἔτη νϚ ἐβασί- λευσεν ἔτη μζ. ἐν δὲ τῷ ἑβδόμῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ <ἡ ἀδελφὴ αὐτοῦ> εἰς Λιβύην φυγοῦσα πόλιν ᾠκοδόμησεν τὴν μέχρι τοῦ δεῦρο Καρχηδονίαν καλουμένην. συνάγεται οὖν ὁ πᾶς χρόνος ἀπὸ τῆς Ἱερώμου βασιλείας μέχρι Καρχηδόνος κτίσεως ἔτη ρνε, μῆνες ὀκτώ. τῷ δὲ δωδεκάτῳ ἔτει τῆς Ἱερώμου βασιλείας ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ὁ ναὸς ᾠκοδομήθη, ὥστε τὸν πάντα χρόνον γεγενῆσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς τοῦ ναοῦ οἰκοδομῆς μέχρι Καρχηδόνος κτίσεως ἔτη ρμγ, μῆνες η." Τῆς μὲν οὖν Φοινίκων καὶ Aἰγυπτίων μαρτυρίας, ὡς ἱστορή-