46

Belgrade. 34. Concerning the ruler of the Laz, John, and how he came and became the emperor's son-in-law. 35. How the emperor prepared forces against the sebastokrator John, summoning also the Tochars, and how he was prevented by the empress from setting out. 30. How the emperor was in danger at sea along with his men, and how, having reached Allage, he died in the monastery of Pachomius. 23

{FIRST BOOK OF THE HISTORICAL NARRATIVES}.

Preface of the author and concerning the truth of the things said.

George, a Constantinopolitan from of old, but born and raised in Nicaea, and established again in the city of Constantine when by the will of God it came under the Romans, being at that time nineteen years of age, and given to the divine clergy and having distinguished himself in ecclesiastical offices and having attained to the honor of protekdikos, and furthermore honored in the palace as dikaiophylax, wrote these things, not taking un-witnessed accounts from on high, nor trusting in hearsay alone, if someone should claim to have seen or heard it himself, and should deem the accounts trustworthy if only he says so, but having been an eyewitness of most things, as it so happened, or having learned accurately from those by whom they were first seen to have been done, yet not without witnesses, but also corroborated by many others, so that the whole of time, which has a nature of hiding many things in its frequent cyclical periods, should not also make these things disappear, becoming gradually effaced by its passage, because it is necessary that all things that appear are hidden, as some one of the wise men said and truly opined, not, however, so as to consider truth of less account than falsehood when speaking of such matters; for truth is, as one might say, the soul of history, and the matter of truth is necessarily sacred, and he who brings falsehood before it is openly sacrilegious. 25 And besides, it is least of all my intention to impart greatness to the events, as if moved by hatred or indeed by favor, so that what happened badly might be disparaged more than is likely, or what turned out well might be praised, with my account bewitching the ears of the audience. For since it is possible both to narrate events wherever they occurred, for those who wish to speak, and it is also possible to leave them unsaid, there being no necessity, in my opinion silence is better than speaking otherwise than as they happened, and it is surely better for those who will listen not to learn at all than to learn otherwise than as the true history wishes, since from the one comes that simple ignorance from which no blame accrues, but from the other a double ignorance, so that it happens that the one who thinks he knows, does not know, than which there is nothing worse. Nevertheless, I myself would not have undertaken this writing, if it had not occurred to me to expect, as time goes on, that worse things will yet happen, conjecturing the future from the present, or rather calculating what will happen from what has happened. For it is surely far more amazing to the ear to hear that affairs have progressed to this point of disaster from such tranquility and stability as we have tasted, than that having appeared such and having thus collapsed from their former prosperity with the onslaught of a terrible storm, they should be withered even more, so as not only to not flourish, but not to partake of vital motion at all.

2. A disclaimer for not speaking of matters before the time of the author. To go back, then, to those who ruled before our time and to begin from there, relating their deeds, how securely and with the greatest possible good counsel, than which nothing is better, they managed affairs, fortifying their rule from there, and this although their dominion was confined to a small area, prevailing from the beginning over three cities only,

46

Βελλάγραδα. λδʹ. Τὰ κατὰ τὸν ἄρχοντα τῶν Λαζῶν Ἰωάννην καὶ ὅπως ἐλθὼν ἐπε γαμβρεύθη τῷ βασιλεῖ. λεʹ. Ὅπως ὁ βασιλεὺς δυνάμεις ἐξηρτύετο κατὰ τοῦ σεβαστοκράτορος Ἰωάννου, μετακαλεσάμενος καὶ Τοχάρους, καὶ ὡς παρὰ τῆς δεσποίνης ἐκωλύετο ἐξελθεῖν. λʹ. Ὅπως κατὰ θάλασσαν ὁ βασιλεὺς συνάμα τοῖς αὐτοῦ ἐκινδύνευε καὶ ὡς, φθάσας τὴν Ἀλλαγήν, ἐν τοῖς Παχωμίου ἐτελεύτησεν. 23

{ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΙΚΩΝ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΩΝ ΠΡΩΤΗ}.

Προοίμιον τοῦ συγγραφέως καὶ περὶ τῆς ἀληθείας τῶν

λεγομένων.

Γεώργιος Κωνσταντινουπολίτης μὲν τὸ ἀνέκαθεν, ἐν Νικαίᾳ δὲ καὶ γεννηθεὶς καὶ τραφείς, ἐν Κωνσταντίνου δὲ καταστὰς αὖθις, ὅτε Θεοῦ νεύματι ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίους αὕτη ἐγένετο, ἔτη γεγονὼς εἴκοσιν ἑνὸς δέοντος τηνικάδε, καὶ κλήρῳ δοθεὶς θείῳ καὶ ἀξιώμασιν ἐκκλησιαστικοῖς διαπρέψας καὶ ἕως καὶ ἐς πρωτεκδίκου φθάσας τιμήν, ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἐν ἀνακτόρων εἰς δικαιοφύλακα τιμηθείς, τάδε ξυνέγραψεν, οὐ λόγους λαβὼν ἄνωθεν ἀμαρτύ ρους, οὐδ' ἀκοῇ πιστεύων μόνον, ἤν τις λέγοι ἑωρακὼς ἢ καὶ ἀκούσας αὐτός, πιστοὺς δ' ἀξιοίη τοὺς λόγους, εἰ μόνον λέγοι, λογίζεσθαι, ἀλλ' αὐτόπτης τὰ πλεῖστα, οὕτω ξυμβάν, γεγονὼς ἢ καὶ μαθὼν ἀκριβῶς παρ' ὧν τὸ πρῶτον ὡράθη πραχθέντα, πλὴν δ' οὐκ ἀμάρτυρα, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλοῖς ἄλλοις συνη γορούμενα, ὡς ἂν μὴ ὁ ξύμπας χρόνος, φύσιν ἔχων τὰ πολλὰ κρύπτειν συχναῖς κυκλικαῖς περιόδοις, καὶ τάδ' ἀφανίσειε, κατὰ μικρὸν ἐξίτηλα τῇ παραδρομῇ γιγνόμενα, διὰ τὸ φανέντα κρύπτεσθαι πάντα ἀνάγκην εἶναι, ὥς πού τις τῶν σοφῶν ἔφη καὶ ἀληθῶς ἐγνωμάτευσεν, οὐ μὴν ὥστε καὶ τὸ ἀληθὲς περὶ ἐλάττονος τοῦ ψεύδους ποιήσασθαι περὶ τοιούτων λέγοντα· ἱστορίας γάρ, ὡς ἄν τις εἴποι, ψυχὴ ἡ ἀλήθεια, καὶ τὸ τῆς ἀληθείας χρῆμα ἐπάναγκες ἱερόν, ὁ δὲ πρὸ ταύτης τὸ ψεῦδος ἄγων ἄντικρυς ἱερόσυλος. 25 Ἄλλως τε καὶ ἡμῖν ἥκιστα πρόθεσις τοῖς πραχθεῖσι μέγεθος ἐντιθέναι, ὡσανείπερ κινουμένοις ἐκ μίσους ἢ μὴν εὐνοίας, ὡς ἂν πλέον ἢ εἰκὸς ἢ τὸ κακῶς ξυμβὰν διασυρείη ἢ τὸ εὖ ξυμπεσὸν ὑμνηθείη, τοῦ λόγου τὰς ἀκοὰς γοητεύοντος. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τὰ ὁπουδήπου πραχθέντα ἔστι μὲν καὶ διεξιέναι, οἷς δὴ καὶ λέγειν βουλομένοις ἐστίν, ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἐᾶν ἄρρητα, μὴ ἀνάγκης ὑπούσης, νικᾷ κατ' ἐμὴν γνώμην τὸ σιωπᾶν ἢ τὸ λέγειν ἄλλως ἢ ὡς ἐπρά χθησαν, καὶ κρεῖττον δήπου τοῖς ἀκουσείουσι τὸ μὴ μανθάνειν ὅλως ἢ τὸ μανθάνειν ἄλλως ἢ ὡς ἡ ὄντως ἱστορία βούλεται, ὡς ἐκεῖθεν μὲν τῆς ἁπλῆς εἰσαγομένης ἐκείνης ἀγνοίας ἐξ ἧς οὐ μῶμος προστρίβεται, ἐντεῦθεν δὲ τῆς διπλῆς, ὥστε μὴ εἰδέναι συμβαίνειν τὸν εἰδέναι οἰόμενον, οὗ δὴ καὶ χεῖρον οὐδέν. Οὐ μὴν ἀλλ' οὐδ' αὐτὸς ἐγκεχείρηκα ἂν τῇ γραφῇ, ἤν μοι μὴ ἐπῄει ἐλπίζειν, προϊόντος τοῦ χρόνου, τὰ χείρω καὶ ἔτι ξυμβαίνειν, ἐκ τῶν παρόντων καὶ τὰ ἐσαῦθις στοχαζομένῳ, ἢ μᾶλλον ἐκ τῶν συμβάντων λογι ζομένῳ τὰ συμβησόμενα. Πολλῷ γὰρ δήπου εἰς ἀκοὴν ὠτίου θαυμασιώτερον ἐκ τοιαύτης, ἧς δὴ καὶ γεγεύμεθα, ἡσυχίας καὶ καταστάσεως εἰς τόδε ξυμφορᾶς τὰ πράγματα προελθεῖν, ἢ τοιαῦτα φανέντα καὶ οὕτως τῆς προτέρας εὐθαλείας, δεινοῦ χειμῶνος ἐπεισφρήσαντος, καταρρεύσαντα ἐπὶ μεῖζον καταυανθῆναι, ὥστε μὴ ὅπως εὐθαλεῖν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ζωτικῆς τὸ παράπαν μετέχειν κινήσεως.

βʹ. Παραίτησις τοῦ μὴ τὰ πρότερα ἢ κατὰ τὸν συγγραφέα λέγειν. Τὸ γοῦν ἀνατρέχειν ἐπὶ τοὺς πρότερον ἢ καθ' ἡμᾶς ἄρξαντας κἀντεῦθεν ἄρχεσθαι τὰ ἐκείνων ἐπιόντας, ὅπως ἀσφαλῶς καὶ μεθ' ὅτι πλείστης τῆς εὐβουλίας, ἧς οὐδὲν ἄμεινον, διῴκουν τὰ πράγματα, τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐντεῦθεν κατοχυροῦντες, καὶ ταῦτα περιγραφείσης εἰς μικρὸν ταύτης αὐτοῖς, ἐπὶ τρισὶ καὶ μόναις ἐπιπολαζούσαις ἀρχῆθεν ταῖς πόλεσι,