,

5. Joppa, he says, is a state of virtue, guarding against the harm from adjacent sensible things. But Zion is a gnostic state, contemplating the reception of intelligible gifts.

28. CONCERNING "COME, LET US GO DOWN AND CONFOUND THEIR

TONGUES". 28. QUESTION 28 The [phrase] "Come, let us go down and confound their tongues," to whom did

God say it? Response. According to the underlying disposition of those under providence, we find Holy

Scripture fashioning God, whence He is also called (14B_198> a lion and a bear and a pard and a panther and a man and an ox and a sheep and a sun and a star and a fire and a spirit and countless other things, which He in no way is, being contemplated according to the conception of each utterance. For example, when God appeared to Abraham, who was perfect in knowledge, in the discourse concerning the Monad, He taught that the immaterial discourse concerning the Trinity was for him who already possessed a mind that had completely departed from matter and its types, and for this reason He both appeared as three and spoke as one. But to Lot, who had not yet made his mind pure from the composition of bodies, but was still dependent on the generation of bodies from matter and form and believed God to be the creator only of the visible creation, God, appearing, showed Himself dually and not triadically, demonstrating through the forms in which He fashioned Himself that the mind being led up had not yet departed from matter and form. Thus, in each place of Scripture that fashions God in many ways, by examining the words with knowledge, you will find that the cause of the great variation of the divine forms is the disposition of those under providence.

Since, therefore, those who built the tower, having first moved from the land of light, the east—I mean, from the one and true knowledge of God—came to the land of Shinar, which is interpreted "blasphemous teeth," and fell into many opinions concerning the divinity and, putting together the principle of each opinion as if they were bricks, built polytheistic atheism like a tower, it is fitting that God, who scatters the confession of evil agreement among the erring men, from the disposition of those under providence—which has been scattered and torn into countless opinions—names Himself in the plural, showing that, being one, He was divided into many among them, (14B_200> just as He also appears to say in the case of Adam, "Behold, Adam has become as one of us." According to the underlying cause, therefore, God is either multiplied or unified in the utterances of the Scriptures.

As to whom God is speaking: it is the custom of Scripture to fashion corporeally the unutterable and hidden counsels of God, so that we might be able to understand divine things from related words and utterances, since God is unknowable Mind and ineffable Word and incomprehensible Life, and He neither speaks nor is spoken of, being Himself Word and Himself Counsel in His essence. And if we understand the utterances of the divine Oracles in this way, we will not stumble at anything written on account of its obscurity.

But if someone should say that the plural signification concerning God in Scripture is not always used for censure and adduces for the confirmation of his own argument "And God said: Let us make man in our image and after our likeness," and [if he should say] "we surely do not think that the Word introduces a suspicion of polytheism through this utterance," we say that, whenever Holy Scripture piously uses the plural discourse concerning God toward the pious, it makes a declaration of the all-holy three

5. Ἰόππη μέν ἕξις ἐστίν ἀρετῆς, φησίν, τήν ἐκ τῶν παρακειμένων αἰσθητῶν φυλαττομένη βλάβην. Ἡ δέ Σιών ἕξις ἐστί γνωστική, τήν τῶν νοητῶν σκοπεύουσα χαρισμάτων ὑποδοχήν.

ΚΗ (28). ΠΕΡΙ ΤΟΥ "∆ΕΥΤΕ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΤΑΒΑΝΤΕΣ ΣΥΓΧΕΩΜΕΝ ΑΥΤΩΝ ΤΑΣ

ΓΛΩΣΣΑΣ". 28. ΕΡΩΤΗΣΙΣ ΚΗ' Τὸ δεῦτε καὶ καταβάντες συγχέωμεν αὐτῶν τὰς γλώσσας πρὸς τίνας ἔλεγεν ὁ

Θεός; Ἀπόκρισις. Πρὸς τὴν ὑποκειμένην τῶν προνοουμένων διάθεσιν εὑρίσκομεν τὴν ἁγίαν

Γραφὴν τὸν Θεὸν διαπλάττουσαν, ὅθεν καὶ (14Β_198> λέοντα καὶ ἄρκον καὶ πάρδαλιν καὶ πάνθηρα καὶ ἄνθρωπον καὶ βοῦν καὶ πρόβατον καὶ ἥλιον καὶ ἀστέρα καὶ πῦρ καὶ πνεῦμα καὶ ἄλλα μυρία, ἅπερ μηδαμῶς ὑπάρχων, λέγεται, κατὰ τὴν ἑκάστης φωνῆς ἐπίνοιαν θεωρούμενος. Τῷ γοῦν Ἀβραὰμ φανεὶς ὁ Θεὸς ὄντι τελείῳ κατὰ τὴν γνῶσιν, ἐν τῷ περὶ μονάδος λόγῳ τὸν ἄϋλον περὶ Τριάδος εἶναι λόγον ἐδίδασκεν ἤδη τὸν νοῦν ἔχοντα τῆς ὕλης παντελῶς καὶ τῶν κατ᾽ αὐτὴν τύπων ἐκβεβηκότα, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὡς τρεῖς ἐφαίνετο καὶ ὡς εἷς διελέγετο. Τῷ δὲ Λώτ, μήπω τῆς τῶν σωμάτων καθαρὸν τὸν νοῦν ποιησαμένῳ συνθέσεως, ἀλλ᾽ ἔτι τῆς ἐξ ὕλης καὶ εἴδους τῶν σωμάτων γενέσεως ἐξηρτημένῳ καὶ μόνης δημιουργὸν εἶναι πιστεύοντι τὸν Θεὸν τῆς ὁρατῆς κτίσεως, ἐμφανιζόμενος ὁ Θεὸς δυϊκῶς ἀλλ᾽ οὐ τριαδικῶς ἐφάνη, δεικνὺς δι᾽ ὧν αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν ἐσχημάτιζε μήπω τῆς ὕλης καὶ τοῦ εἴδους ἐκβεβηκέναι τὸν ἀναγόμενον νοῦν. Οὕτως, ἐφ᾽ ἑκάστῳ τόπῳ τῆς τὸν Θεὸν πολυτρόπως διαπλαττούσης Γραφῆς τοὺς λόγους μετ᾽ ἐπιστήμης διασκοπούμενος, εὑρήσεις αἰτίαν εἶναι τῆς πολλῆς τῶν θείων πλασμάτων ἐξαλλαγῆς τὴν τῶν προνοουμένων διάθεσιν.

Ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν καὶ οἱ τὸν πύργον οἰκοδομήσαντες, πρότερον τῆς τοῦ φωτὸς χώρας τῆς ἀνατολῆς κινηθέντες, λέγω δὲ τῆς μιᾶς καὶ ἀληθοῦς περὶ θεὸν γνώσεως, ἦλθον εἰς γῆν Σενναάρ, τὴν ἑρμηνευομένην βλασφήμους ὀδόντας, καὶ εἰς πολλὰς περὶ θεότητος δόξας κατέπεσον καί, τὸν ἑκάστης δόξης λόγον οἱονεὶ πλίνθους τινὰς συνθήσαντες, ᾠκοδόμησαν καθάπερ πύργον τὴν πολύθεον ἀθεΐαν, εἰκότως ὁ τῆς κακῆς συμφωνίας τῶν πλανηθέντων ἀνθρώπων διασκεδάζων τὴν ὁμολογίαν Θεὸς ἐκ τῆς τῶν προνοουμένων διαθέσεως, εἰς ἀπείρους δόξας διασκεδασθείσης τε καὶ διασπασθείσης, πληθυντικῶς ἑαυτὸν ὀνομάζει, δεικνὺς ὅτι, εἷς ὤν, εἰς πολλοὺς ἐν ἐκείνοις ἐμερίσθη, (14Β_200> ὥσπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ φαίνεται λέγων ἰδοὺ γέγονεν Ἀδὰμ ὡς εἷς ἐξ ἡμῶν. Πρὸς οὖν τὸ ὑποκείμενον αἴτιον ἢ πληθύνεται ταῖς τῶν Γραφῶν ἐκφωνήσεσιν ὁ Θεὸς ἢ συνάγεται.

Τὸ δὲ πρὸς τίνας ὁ Θεὸς διαλέγεται· ἔθος ἐστὶ τῇ Γραφῇ τὰς ἀλαλήτους καὶ κρυφίας βουλὰς τοῦ Θεοῦ σωματικῶς διαπλάττειν, ἵν᾽ ἡμεῖς ἐκ τῶν συγγενῶν ῥημάτων τε καὶ φωνῶν νοῆσαι τὰ θεῖα δυνηθῶμεν, ἐπεὶ ὁ Θεὸς νοῦς ἐστι ἄγνωστος καὶ λόγος ἄρρητος καὶ ζωὴ ἀκατάληπτος, καὶ οὔτε λαλεῖ οὔτε λαλεῖται, αὐτόλογος ὢν καὶ αὐτοβουλὴ κατ᾽ οὐσίαν ὑπάρχων. Καὶ εἰ οὕτω νοήσομεν τὰς τῶν θείων Λογίων φωνάς, οὐδενὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐκ τῆς ἀσαφείας προσκόψομεν.

Εἰ δέ τις φαίη μὴ πάντως ἐπὶ διαβολῆς κεῖσθαι τῇ Γραφῇ τὴν περὶ Θεοῦ πληθυντικὴν σημασίαν καὶ προφέρει πρὸς τὴν τοῦ οἰκείου λόγου βεβαίωσιν τὸ καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεός· ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ᾽ εἰκόνα ἡμετέραν καὶ καθ᾽ ὁμοίωσιν καὶ οὐ δήπου διὰ ταύτης, εἴποι, τῆς φωνῆς πολυθεΐας ὑπόνοιαν εἰσηγεῖσθαι νοοῦμεν τὸν λόγον, φαμὲν ὡς, ὁπόταν μὲν πρὸς τοὺς εὐσεβεῖς εὐσεβῶς ἡ ἁγία Γραφὴ τῷ πληθυντικῷ περὶ Θεοῦ κέχρηται λόγῳ, τὴν δήλωσιν ποιεῖται τῶν παναγίων τριῶν