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which had become obliterated by time, he has now established as a most secure fortress. And one tower, called Iudaeus, he converted into a fort, made exceptionally fine both to be called and to be. And the place named Burgualtu, which was formerly deserted and entirely uninhabited, but also another place he enclosed with a new circuit-wall, which they call Gombes. And the fort of Crispas, which was dilapidated from the length of time, and moreover he also built Longiniana and Ponteserium, a work of exceptional excellence. And at Bononia and Novus he renewed the battlements that had fallen into ruin. And as much of the city of Ratiaria as had fallen down, he set upright. And many other places, as need dictated, being either very small he enlarged, or he reduced by removing what was superfluous, so that they might not be easy for the enemy to attack either because they were excessively small or immoderately large, as, for example, Mocatiana, which was formerly a single tower standing by itself, he has now made into a more complete fort. And Almus, which encompassed a large area, he contracted into a small space and, along with making it safe, he rendered it impregnable to the enemy. And in many places, finding a single tower standing by itself and for this reason an easy object of contempt for attackers, he established it as a most secure fort. This, indeed, he has done at both Tricesa and Putedis. And truly, he also wonderfully restored the dilapidated fortifications at Cebrus; and he created a fort where none had previously existed at Vigrana, and near it another in a place, on which indeed a single tower formerly stood alone, named Onus. And not far away, only the foundations of a city had been left; Augustes was the name of the city in former times. Now, however, while retaining its ancient name, it has been made entirely new and pristine by the Emperor Justinian, and it is reasonably full with a throng of inhabitants. But he also restored the damaged parts of the fort at Aedaba, and he raised up the city of Variana, which had lain there from of old. Moreover, he also fortified Valeriana, which previously had no defenses. In addition to these, he also took care of places not lying on the bank of the river, but situated a great distance away, which were for the most part in ruins, and he has surrounded them with certain impregnable fortifications. These places are called Castra Martis and Zetnucortu and Iscus. And by the bank of the river, an ancient fort named Hunnon he deemed worthy of care, both in other respects and with much attention to its circuit-wall. There is a place not far from this fort of Hunnon, where there were two fortifications on either side of the Ister River, the one in Illyricum named Palatiolum, and the one on the other side, Sycibida. These had been destroyed by time, but the Emperor Justinian renewed them and checked the raids of the barbarians in this region, and beyond them he built a fort, an ancient stronghold, which is named Utus. And at the furthest limit of the Illyrian borders he rebuilt a fort, named Lapidarias, and a single tower standing alone, called Lucernariaburgus, he converted into a noteworthy fort. These things were accomplished by the Emperor Justinian in Illyricum. But he fortified this country not only with buildings, but also by establishing most noteworthy garrisons of soldiers in all the strongholds he repelled the plots of the barbarians. Such, then, are the strongholds of Illyricum along the Ister River. But now we must proceed to Thrace, to the forts which have been built by the Emperor Justinian along the coast there. For it did not seem to me out of place, after first describing the entire coastline in this region, to then go on to the things accomplished by him in the interior as well. First, then, let us go from here to the Mysians, whom the poets call 'fighters at close quarters'; since they also hold the land bordering on Illyricum. After the place, then, which they call Lucernariaburgus, the Emperor Justinian built the fort Securisca, creating it new himself. And beyond that he renewed the dilapidated parts at Cyntodemus. And after this a city

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χρόνῳ ἐξίτηλον γεγενημένον, ἐς ὀχύρωμα νῦν ἐχυρώτατον κατε4.6.21 στήσατο. καὶ πύργον ἕνα, Ἰουδαῖος καλούμενον, φρούριον διεσκευάσατο κεκαλλιστευμένον καλεῖσθαί τε καὶ 4.6.22 εἶναι. καὶ τὸ δὴ Βουργουάλτου ὠνομασμένον, ἔρημόν τε καὶ παντάπασιν ἀοίκητον τὰ πρότερα ὄν, ἀλλὰ καὶ χῶρον ἕτερον περιβόλῳ ἐτειχίσατο νέῳ, ὅνπερ ἐπικαλοῦσι 4.6.23 Γόμβες. καὶ τὸ Κρίσπας ἔρυμα καταπεπονηκὸς τῷ μήκει τοῦ χρόνου, ἔτι μέντοι καὶ Λογγινιάνα καὶ Ποντεσέριον 4.6.24 ἐδείματο, ἔργον διαφερόντως ἐξαίσιον. ἐν δὲ Βονωνίᾳ τε καὶ Νοβῷ προμαχεῶνας διερρυηκότας ἀνενεώσατο. καὶ Ῥατιαρίας πόλεως ὅσα καταπεπτώκει, ὀρθὰ ἐστήσατο. 4.6.25 καὶ πολλὰ δὲ ἄλλα κατὰ τὸ χρείᾳ ξυνοῖσον ἢ βραχέα κομιδῇ ὄντα ἐπὶ μέγα ἐξῆρεν, ἢ συνέστειλε τὸ περιττὸν ἀφελόμενος, ὅπως δὴ μὴ τοῖς πολεμίοις ἢ τῷ ὑπεράγαν βραχεῖ ἢ τῷ ἀμέτρῳ εὐέφοδα εἴη, ὥσπερ ἀμέλει Μωκατίανα μὲν πύργον ἕνα κατὰ μόνας τὰ πρότερα ὄντα 4.6.26 φρούριον τανῦν τελεώτερον κατεστήσατο. τὸ δέ γε Ἀλμοῦ, χώραν περιβεβλημένον πολλήν, ἐς ὀλίγον ξυναγαγὼν σὺν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ ἄμαχον εἶναι τοῖς πολεμίοις εἰρ4.6.27 γάσατο. καὶ πολλαχῇ δὲ πύργον ἕνα κατὰ μόνας ἑστῶτα εὑρὼν καὶ διὰ τοῦτο εὐκαταφρόνητον τοῖς ἐπιοῦσιν ὄντα 4.6.28 φρούριον ἐχυρώτατον κατεστήσατο. ὃ δὴ περί τε Τρίκεσαν καὶ Πούτεδιν πεποίηκε. καὶ μὴν καὶ ὀχυρώματα τοῦ ἐν Κεβρῷ τὰ καταπεπονηκότα θαυμασίως ὡς ἐπηνώρθωσε· φρούριόν τε οὐ πρότερον ὂν ἐν Βιγραναῇ δεδημιούργηκε, καὶ αὐτοῦ ἄγχιστα ἕτερον ἐν χωρίῳ, ἐφ' οὗ δὴ πύργος εἷς τὰ πρότερα ὢν εἱστήκει μόνος, ὄνομα 4.6.29 Ὄνος. ἐλέλειπτο δὲ μόνα πόλεως ἐδάφη οὐ πολλῷ ἄποθεν· Αὐγοῦστες ὠνομάζετο ἐν τοῖς ἄνω χρόνοις ἡ πόλις. 4.6.30 νῦν δὲ τὸ μὲν παλαιὸν ὄνομα ἔχουσα, νέα δὲ καὶ ἀκραιφνὴς ὅλη πρὸς Ἰουστινιανοῦ βασιλέως γεγενημένη, 4.6.31 ὁμίλῳ οἰκητόρων ἐπιεικῶς πλήθει. ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ πεπονθότα τοῦ ἐν Ἀεδάβῃ ἐρύματος ἐπηνώρθωσε, καὶ Βαριάνα πόλιν ἐκ παλαιοῦ κειμένην ἀνέστησεν. ἔτι μέντοι καὶ Βαλεριάναν, ἔρυμα πρότερον οὐδὲν ἔχουσαν, ἐτειχίσατο. 4.6.32 Πρὸς ἐπὶ τούτοις δὲ καὶ χωρίων οὐ παρὰ τοῦ ποταμοῦ κειμένων τὴν ὄχθην, ἀλλὰ κατὰ πολὺ ἄποθεν ὄντων ἐπεμελήσατο, πεσουμένων ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον, τειχί4.6.33 σμασί τε αὐτὰ περιβέβληκεν ἀμάχοις τισί. Κάστρα Μάρτις τε καὶ Ζητνουκόρτου καὶ Ἰσκὸς τὰ χωρία ἐπικαλεῖται ταῦτα. παρὰ δὲ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τὴν ὄχθην φρούριον παλαιόν, Οὔννων ὄνομα, ἐπιμελείας ἠξίωσε τά τε ἄλλα καὶ 4.6.34 ἀμφὶ τῷ περιβόλῳ πολλῆς. ἔστι δέ τις χῶρος οὐ πολλῷ ἄποθεν τούτου δὴ τοῦ Οὔννων φρουρίου, ἔνθα δὴ ὀχυρώματα δύο Ἴστρου ποταμοῦ ἐφ' ἑκάτερα ἦν, ἐν μὲν Ἰλλυριοῖς Παλατίολον ὄνομα, ἐπὶ θάτερα δὲ Συκίβιδα. 4.6.35 ταῦτα καθῃρημένα τῷ χρόνῳ ἀνανεωσάμενος Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς τῶν ταύτῃ βαρβάρων τὰς ἐπιδρομὰς ἀνεχαίτισεν, ἐπέκεινά τε φρούριον ᾠκοδομήσατο, παλαιὸν 4.6.36 ἔρυμα, ὅπερ Οὔτως ὠνόμασται. ἐν ὑστάτῳ δὲ τῶν Ἰλλυρικῶν ὁρίων φρούριον ἀνῳκοδομήσατο, Λαπιδαρίας ὄνομα, καὶ πύργον ἕνα ἑστῶτα μόνον, Λουκερναριαβούργου καλούμενον, ἐς φρούριον ἀξιοθέατον μετεστή4.6.37 σατο. ταῦτα μὲν Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς ἐν Ἰλλυριοῖς διαπέπρακται. οὐ μόναις δὲ ταῖς οἰκοδομίαις τὴν χώραν ἐτειχίσατο ταύτην, ἀλλὰ καὶ στρατιωτῶν φρουρὰς ἐν τοῖς ὀχυρώμασι πᾶσιν ἀξιολογωτάτας καταστησάμενος τὰς τῶν βαρβάρων ἐπιβουλὰς ἀπεκρούσατο. 4.7.1 Τὰ μὲν οὖν Ἰλλυριῶν ὀχυρώματα παρὰ ποταμὸν Ἴστρον ταύτῃ πη ἔχει. ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης δὲ νῦν ἰτέον ἡμῖν τὰ ἐρύματα, ὅσα δὴ παρὰ τὴν ἐκείνῃ ἀκτὴν Ἰουστινιανῷ 4.7.2 βασιλεῖ εἴργασται. οὐ γάρ μοι ἀπὸ τρόπου ἔδοξεν εἶναι ἅπασαν πρότερον περιηγησαμένῳ τὴν ταύτῃ ἠϊόνα οὕτω δὴ ἐπελθεῖν καὶ τὰ κατὰ τὴν μεσόγαιαν αὐτῷ πεπραγμένα. 4.7.3 πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ἐπὶ Μυσοὺς ἐνθένδε ἴωμεν, οὕσπερ ἀγχεμάχους οἱ ποιηταὶ καλοῦσιν· ἐπεὶ καὶ χώραν τὴν 4.7.4 Ἰλλυριοῖς ὅμορον ἔχουσι. μετὰ τὸν χῶρον οὖν, ὅνπερ Λουκερναριαβοῦργον καλοῦσι, Σεκούρισκα τὸ φρούριον ᾠκοδομήσατο Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεύς, καινουργήσας αὐτός. 4.7.5 ἐπέκεινά τε τὰ πεπονηκότα ἐν Κυντοδήμου ἀνενεώσατο. καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο πόλιν