Letter XCIII.

(a.d. 408.)

To Vincentius, My Brother Dearly Beloved, Augustin Sends Greeting.

Chap. I.

1. I have received a letter which I believe to be from you to me: at least I have not thought this incredible, for the person who brought it is one whom I know to be a Catholic Christian, and who, I think, would not dare to impose upon me. But even though the letter may perchance not be from you, I have considered it necessary to write a reply to the author, whoever he may be. You know me now to be more desirous of rest, and earnest in seeking it, than when you knew me in my earlier years at Carthage, in the lifetime of your immediate predecessor Rogatus. But we are precluded from this rest by the Donatists, the repression and correction of whom, by the powers which are ordained of God, appears to me to be labour not in vain. For we already rejoice in the correction of many who hold and defend the Catholic unity with such sincerity, and are so glad to have been delivered from their former error, that we admire them with great thankfulness and pleasure. Yet these same persons, under some indescribable bondage of custom, would in no way have thought of being changed to a better condition, had they not, under the shock of this alarm, directed their minds earnestly to the study of the truth; fearing lest, if without profit, and in vain, they suffered hard things at the hands of men, for the sake not of righteousness, but of their own obstinacy and presumption, they should afterwards receive nothing else at the hand of God than the punishment due to wicked men who despised the admonition which He so gently gave and His paternal correction; and being by such reflection made teachable, they found not in mischievous or frivolous human fables, but in the promises of the divine books, that universal Church which they saw extending according to the promise throughout all nations: just as, on the testimony of prophecy in the same Scriptures, they believed without hesitation that Christ is exalted above the heavens, though He is not seen by them in His glory. Was it my duty to be displeased at the salvation of these men, and to call back my colleagues from a fatherly diligence of this kind, the result of which has been, that we see many blaming their former blindness? For they see that they were blind who believed Christ to have been exalted above the heavens although they saw Him not, and yet denied that His glory is spread over all the earth although they saw it; whereas the prophet has with so great plainness included both in one sentence, “Be Thou exalted, O God, above the heavens, and Thy glory above all the earth.”705    Ps. cviii. 5.

2. Wherefore, if we were so to overlook and forbear with those cruel enemies who seriously disturb our peace and quietness by manifold and grievous forms of violence and treachery, as that nothing at all should be contrived and done by us with a view to alarm and correct them, truly we would be rendering evil for evil. For if any one saw his enemy running headlong to destroy himself when he had become delirious through a dangerous fever, would he not in that case be much more truly rendering evil for evil if he permitted him to run on thus, than if he took measures to have him seized and bound? And yet he would at that moment appear to the other to be most vexatious, and most like an enemy, when, in truth, he had proved himself most useful and most compassionate; although, doubtless, when health was recovered, would he express to him his gratitude with a warmth proportioned to the measure in which he had felt his refusal to indulge him in his time of phrenzy. Oh, if I could but show you how many we have even from the Circumcelliones, who are now approved Catholics, and condemn their former life, and the wretched delusion under which they believed that they were doing in behalf of the Church of God whatever they did under the promptings of a restless temerity, who nevertheless would not have been brought to this soundness of judgment had they not been, as persons beside themselves, bound with the cords of those laws which are distasteful to you! As to another form of most serious distemper,—that, namely, of those who had not, indeed, a boldness leading to acts of violence, but were pressed down by a kind of inveterate sluggishness of mind, and would say to us: “What you affirm is true, nothing can be said against it; but it is hard for us to leave off what we have received, by tradition from our fathers,”—why should not such persons be shaken up in a beneficial way by a law bringing upon them inconvenience in worldly things, in order that they might rise from their lethargic sleep, and awake to the salvation which is to be found in the unity of the Church? How many of them, now rejoicing with us, speak bitterly of the weight with which their ruinous course formerly oppressed them, and confess that it was our duty to inflict annoyance upon them, in order to prevent them from perishing under the disease of lethargic habit, as under a fatal sleep!

3. You will say that to some these remedies are of no service. Is the art of healing, therefore, to be abandoned, because the malady of some is incurable? You look only to the case of those who are so obdurate that they refuse even such correction. Of such it is written, “In vain have I smitten your children: they received no correction:”706    Jer. ii. 30. and yet I suppose that those of whom the prophet speaks were smitten in love, not from hatred. But you ought to consider also the very large number over whose salvation we rejoice. For if they were only made afraid, and not instructed, this might appear to be a kind of inexcusable tyranny. Again, if they were instructed only, and not made afraid, they would be with more difficulty persuaded to embrace the way of salvation, having become hardened through the inveteracy of custom: whereas many whom we know well, when arguments had been brought before them, and the truth made apparent by testimonies from the word of God, answered us that they desired to pass into the communion of the Catholic Church, but were in fear of the violence of worthless men, whose enmity they would incur; which violence they ought indeed by all means to despise when it was to be borne for righteousness’ sake, and for the sake of eternal life. Nevertheless the weakness of such men ought not to be regarded as hopeless, but to be supported until they gain more strength. Nor may we forget what the Lord Himself said to Peter when he was yet weak: “Thou canst not follow Me now, but thou shall follow Me afterwards.”707    John xiii. 36. When, however, wholesome instruction is added to means of inspiring salutary fear, so that not only the light of truth may dispel the darkness of error, but the force of fear may at the same time break the bonds of evil custom, we are made glad, as I have said, by the salvation of many, who with us bless God, and render thanks to Him, because by the fulfilment of His covenant, in which He promised that the kings of the earth should serve Christ, He has thus cured the diseased and restored health to the weak.

Chap. II.

4. Not every one who is indulgent is a friend; nor is every one an enemy who smites. Better are the wounds of a friend than the proffered kisses of an enemy.708    Prov. xxvii. 6. It is better with severity to love, than with gentleness to deceive. More good is done by taking away food from one who is hungry, if, through freedom from care as to his food, he is forgetful of righteousness, than by providing bread for one who is hungry, in order that, being thereby bribed, he may consent to unrighteousness. He who binds the man who is in a phrenzy, and he who stirs up the man who is in a lethargy, are alike vexatious to both, and are in both cases alike prompted by love for the patient. Who can love us more than God does? And yet He not only give us sweet instruction, but also quickens us by salutary fear, and this unceasingly. Often adding to the soothing remedies by which He comforts men the sharp medicine of tribulation, He afflicts with famine even the pious and devout patriarchs,709    Gen. xii., xxvi., xlii., and xliii. disquiets a rebellious people by more severe chastisements, and refuses, though thrice besought, to take away the thorn in the flesh of the apostle, that He may make His strength perfect in weakness.710    2 Cor. xii. 7–9. Let us by all means love even our enemies, for this is right, and God commands us so to do, in order that we may be the children of our Father who is in heaven, “who maketh His sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust.”711    Matt. v. 45. But as we praise these His gifts, lets us in like manner ponder His correction of those whom He loves.

5. You are of opinion that no one should be compelled to follow righteousness; and yet you read that the householder said to his servants, “Whomsoever ye shall find, compel them to come in.”712    Luke xiv. 23. You also read how he who was at first Saul, and afterwards Paul, was compelled, by the great violence with which Christ coerced him, to know and to embrace the truth; for you cannot but think that the light which your eyes enjoy is more precious to men than money or any other possession. This light, lost suddenly by him when he was cast to the ground by the heavenly voice, he did not recover until he became a member of the Holy Church. You are also of opinion that no coercion is to be used with any man in order to his deliverance from the fatal consequences of error; and yet you see that, in examples which cannot be disputed, this is done by God, who loves us with more real regard for our profit than any other can; and you hear Christ saying, “No man can come to me except the Father draw him,”713    John vi. 44. which is done in the hearts of all those who, through fear of the wrath of God, betake themselves to Him. You know also that sometimes the thief scatters food before the flock that he may lead them astray, and sometimes the shepherd brings wandering sheep back to the flock with his rod.

6. Did not Sarah, when she had the power, choose rather to afflict the insolent bondwoman? And truly she did not cruelly hate her whom she had formerly by an act of her own kindness made a mother; but she put a wholesome restraint upon her pride.714    Gen. xvi. 5. Moreover, as you well know, these two women, Sarah and Hagar, and their two sons Isaac and Ishmael, are figures representing spiritual and carnal persons. And although we read that the bondwoman and her son suffered great hardships from Sarah, nevertheless the Apostle Paul says that Isaac suffered persecution from Ishmael: “But as then he that was born after the flesh persecuted him that was born after the Spirit, even so it is now;”715    Gal. iv. 29. whence those who have understanding may perceive that it is rather the Catholic Church which suffers persecution through the pride and impiety of those carnal men whom it endeavours to correct by afflictions and terrors of a temporal kind. Whatever therefore the true and rightful Mother does, even when something severe and bitter is felt by her children at her hands, she is not rendering evil for evil, but is applying the benefit of discipline to counteract the evil of sin, not with the hatred which seeks to harm, but with the love which seeks to heal. When good and bad do the same actions and suffer the same afflictions, they are to be distinguished not by what they do or suffer, but by the causes of each: e.g. Pharaoh oppressed the people of God by hard bondage; Moses afflicted the same people by severe correction when they were guilty of impiety:716    Ex. v. 9 and xxxii. 27. their actions were alike; but they were not alike in the motive of regard to the people’s welfare,—the one being inflated by the lust of power, the other inflamed by love. Jezebel slew prophets, Elijah slew false prophets;717    1 Kings xviii. 4, 40. I suppose that the desert of the actors and of the sufferers respectively in the two cases was wholly diverse.

7. Look also to the New Testament times, in which the essential gentleness of love was to be not only kept in the heart, but also manifested openly: in these the sword of Peter is called back into its sheath by Christ, and we are taught that it ought not to be taken from its sheath even in Christ’s defence.718    Matt. xxvi. 52. We read, however, not only that the Jews beat the Apostle Paul, but also that the Greeks beat Sosthenes, a Jew, on account of the Apostle Paul.719    Acts xvi. 22, 23, and xviii. 17. Does not the similarity of the events apparently join both; and, at the same time, does not the dissimilarity of the causes make a real difference? Again, God spared not His own Son, but delivered Him up720    παρέδωκεν. for us all.721    Rom. viii. 32. Of the Son also it is said, “who loved me, and gave Himself722    παράδοντος. for me;”723    Gal. ii. 20. and it is also said of Judas that Satan entered into him that he might betray724    παραδῷ. Christ.725    John xiii. 2. Seeing, therefore, that the Father delivered up His Son, and Christ delivered up His own body, and Judas delivered up his Master, wherefore is God holy and man guilty in this delivering up of Christ, unless that in the one action which both did, the reason for which they did it was not the same? Three crosses stood in one place: on one was the thief who was to be saved; on the second, the thief who was to be condemned; on the third, between them, was Christ, who was about to save the one thief and condemn the other. What could be more similar than these crosses? what more unlike than the persons who were suspended on them? Paul was given up to be imprisoned and bound,726    Acts xxi. 23, 24. but Satan is unquestionably worse than any gaoler: yet to him Paul himself gave up one man for the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit might be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus.727    1 Cor. v. 5. And what say we to this? Behold, both deliver a man to bondage; but he that is cruel consigns his prisoner to one less severe, while he that is compassionate consigns his to one who is more cruel. Let us learn, my brother, in actions which are similar to distinguish the intentions of the agents; and let us not, shutting our eyes, deal in groundless reproaches, and accuse those who seek men’s welfare as if they did them wrong. In like manner, when the same apostle says that he had delivered certain persons unto Satan, that they might learn not to blaspheme,728    1 Tim. i. 20. did he render to these men evil for evil, or did he not rather esteem it a good work to correct evil men by means of the evil one?

8. If to suffer persecution were in all cases a praiseworthy thing, it would have sufficed for the Lord to say, “Blessed are they which are persecuted,” without adding “for righteousness’ sake.”729    Matt. v. 10. Moreover, if to inflict persecution were in all cases blameworthy, it would not have been written in the sacred books, “Whoso privily slandereth his neighbour, him will I persecute [cut off, E.V.].”730    Ps. ci. 5. In some cases, therefore, both he that suffers persecution is in the wrong, and he that inflicts it is in the right. But the truth is, that always both the bad have persecuted the good, and the good have persecuted the bad: the former doing harm by their unrighteousness, the latter seeking to do good by the administration of discipline; the former with cruelty, the latter with moderation; the former impelled by lust, the latter under the constraint of love. For he whose aim is to kill is not careful how he wounds, but he whose aim is to cure is cautious with his lancet; for the one seeks to destroy what is sound, the other that which is decaying. The wicked put prophets to death; prophets also put the wicked to death. The Jews scourged Christ; Christ also scourged the Jews. The apostles were given up by men to the civil powers; the apostles themselves gave men up to the power of Satan. In all these cases, what is important to attend to but this: who were on the side of truth, and who on the side of iniquity; who acted from a desire to injure, and who from a desire to correct what was amiss?

Chap. III.

9. You say that no example is found in the writings of evangelists and apostles, of any petition presented on behalf of the Church to the kings of the earth against her enemies. Who denies this? None such is found. But at that time the prophecy, “Be wise now, therefore, O ye kings; be instructed, ye judges of the earth: serve the Lord with fear,” was not yet fulfilled. Up to that time the words which we find at the beginning of the same Psalm were receiving their fulfilment, “Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing? The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together against the Lord, and against His Anointed.”731    Ps. ii. 10, 11, 1, 2. Truly, if past events recorded in the prophetic books were figures of the future, there was given under King Nebuchadnezzar a figure both of the time which the Church had under the apostles, and of that which she has now. In the age of the apostles and martyrs, that was fulfilled which was prefigured when the aforesaid king compelled pious and just men to bow down to his image, and cast into the flames all who refused. Now, however, is fulfilled that which was prefigured soon after in the same king, when, being converted to the worship of the true God, he made a decree throughout his empire, that whosoever should speak against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, should suffer the penalty which their crime deserved. The earlier time of that king represented the former age of emperors who did not believe in Christ, at whose hands the Christians suffered because of the wicked; but the later time of that king represented the age of the successors to the imperial throne, now believing in Christ, at whose hands the wicked suffer because of the Christians.

10. It is manifest, however, that moderate severity, or rather clemency, is carefully observed towards those who, under the Christian name, have been led astray by perverse men, in the measures used to prevent them who are Christ’s sheep from wandering, and to bring them back to the flock, when by punishments, such as exile and fines, they are admonished to consider what they suffer, and wherefore, and are taught to prefer the Scriptures which they read to human legends and calumnies. For which of us, yea, which of you, does not speak well of the laws issued by the emperors against heathen sacrifices? In these, assuredly, a penalty much more severe has been appointed, for the punishment of that impiety is death. But in repressing and restraining you, the thing aimed at has been rather that you should be admonished to depart from evil, than that you should be punished for a crime. For perhaps what the apostle said of the Jews may be said of you: “bear them record that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge: for, being ignorant of the righteousness of God, and going about to establish their own righteousness, they have not submitted themselves to the righteousness of God.”732    Rom. x. 2, 3. For what else than your own righteousness are you desiring to establish, when you say that none are justified but those who may have had the opportunity of being baptized by you? In regard to this statement made by the apostle concerning the Jews, you differ from those to whom it originally applied in this, that you have the Christian sacraments, of which they are still destitute. But in regard to the words, “being ignorant of God’s righteousness, and going about to establish their own righteousness,” and “they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge,” you are exactly like them, excepting only those among you who know what is the truth, and who in the wilfulness of their perversity continue to fight against truth which is perfectly well known to them. The impiety of these men is perhaps even a greater sin than idolatry. Since, however, they cannot be easily convicted of this (for it is a sin which lies concealed in the mind), you are all alike restrained with a comparatively gentle severity, as being not so far alienated from us. And this I may say, both concerning all heretics without distinction, who, while retaining the Christian sacraments, are dissenters from the truth and unity of Christ, and concerning all Donatists without exception.

11. But as for you, who are not only, in common with these last, styled Donatists, from Donatus, but also specially named Rogatists, from Rogatus, you indeed seem to be more gentle in disposition, because you do not rage up and down with bands of these savage Circumcelliones: but no wild beast is said to be gentle if, because of its not having teeth and claws, it wounds no one. You say that you have no wish to be cruel: I think that power, not will is wanting to you. For you are in number so few, that even if you desire it, you dare not move against the multitudes which are opposed to you. Let us suppose, however, that you do not wish to do that which you have not strength to do; let us suppose that the gospel rule, “If any man will sue thee at the law and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloak also,”733    Matt. v. 40. is so understood and obeyed by you that resistance to those who persecute you is unlawful, whether they have right or wrong on their side. Rogatus, the founder of your sect, either did not hold this view, or was guilty of inconsistency; for he fought with the keenest determination in a lawsuit about certain things which, according to your statement, belonged to you. If to him it had been said, Which of the apostles ever defended his property in a matter concerning faith by appeal to the civil courts? as you have put the question in your letter, “Which of the apostles ever invaded the property of other men in a matter concerning faith?” he could not find any example of this in the Divine writings; but he might perhaps have found some true defence if he had not separated himself from the true Church, and then audaciously claimed to hold in the name of the true Church the disputed possession.

Chap. IV.

12. As to the obtaining or putting in force of edicts of the powers of this world against schismatics and heretics, those from whom you separated yourselves were very active in this matter, both against you, so far as we have heard, and against the followers of Maximianus, as we prove by the indisputable evidence of their own Records; but you had not yet separated yourselves from them at the time when in their petition they said to the Emperor Julian that “nothing but righteousness found a place with him,”—a man whom all the while they knew to be an apostate, and whom they saw to be so given over to idolatry, that they must either admit idolatry to be righteousness, or be unable to deny that they had wickedly lied when they said that nothing but righteousness had a place with him with whom they saw that idolatry had so large a place. Grant, however, that that was a mistake in the use of words, what say you as to the deed itself? If not even that which is just is to be sought by appeal to an emperor, why was that which was by you supposed to be just sought from Julian?

13. Do you reply that it is lawful to petition the Emperor in order to recover what is one’s own, but not lawful to accuse another in order that he may be coerced by the Emperor? I may remark, in passing, that in even petitioning for the recovery of what is one’s own, the ground covered by apostolic example is abandoned, because no apostle is found to have ever done this. But apart from this, when your predecessors brought before the Emperor Constantine, by means of the proconsul Anulinus, their accusations against Cæcilianus, who was then bishop of Carthage, with whom as a guilty person they refused to have communion, they were not endeavouring to recover something of their own which they had lost, but were by calumnies assailing one who was, as we think, and as the issue of the judicial proceedings showed, an innocent man; and what more heinous crime could have been perpetrated by them than this? If, however, as you erroneously suppose, they did in his case deliver up to the judgment of the civil powers a man who was indeed guilty, why do you object to our doing that which your own party first presumed to do, and for doing which we would not find fault with them, if they had done it not with an envious desire to do harm, but with the intention of reproving and correcting what was wrong. But we have no hesitation in finding fault with you, who think that we are criminal in bringing any complaint before a Christian emperor against the enemies of our communion, seeing that a document given by your predecessors to Anulinus the proconsul, to be forwarded by him to the Emperor Constantine, bore this superscription: “Libellus Ecclesiæ Catholicæ, criminum Cæciliani, traditus a parte Majorini.”734    See Letter LXXXVIII. § 2. We find fault, moreover, with them more particularly, because when they had of their own accord gone to the Emperor with accusations against Cæcilianus, which they ought by all means to have in the first place proved before those who were his colleagues beyond the sea, and when the Emperor, acting in a much more orderly way than they had done, referred to bishops the decision of this case pertaining to bishops which had been brought before him, they, even when defeated by a decision against them, would not come to peace with their brethren. Instead of this, they next accused at the bar of the temporal sovereign, not Cæcilianus only, but also the bishops who had been appointed judges; and finally, from a second episcopal tribunal they appealed to the Emperor again. Nor did they consider it their duty to yield either to truth or to peace when he himself inquired into the case and gave his decision.

14. Now what else could Constantine have decreed against Cæcilianus and his friends, if they had been defeated when your predecessors accused them, than the things decreed against the very men who, having of their own accord brought the accusations, and having failed to prove what they alleged, refused even when defeated to acquiesce in the truth? The Emperor, as you know, in that case decreed for the first time that the property of those who were convicted of schism and obstinately resisted the unity of the Church should be confiscated. If, however, the issue had been that your predecessors who brought the accusations had gained their case, and the Emperor had made some such decree against the communion to which Cæcilianus belonged, you would have wished the emperors to be called the friends of the Church’s interests, and the guardians of her peace and unity. But when such things are decreed by emperors against the parties who, having of their own accord brought forward accusations, were unable to substantiate them, and who, when a welcome back to the bosom of peace was offered to them on condition of their amendment, refused the terms, an outcry is raised that this is an unworthy wrong, and it is maintained that no one ought to be coerced to unity, and that evil should not be requited for evil to any one. What else is this than what one of yourselves wrote: “What we wish is holy”?735    “Quod volumus sanctum est.”—Tychonius. And in view of these things, it was not a great or difficult thing for you to reflect and discover how the decree and sentence of Constantine, which was published against you on the occasion of your predecessors so frequently bringing before the Emperor charges which they could not make good, should be in force against you; and how all succeeding emperors, especially those who are Catholic Christians, necessarily act according to it as often as the exigencies of your obstinacy make it necessary for them to take any measures in regard to you.

15. It was an easy thing for you to have reflected on these things, and perhaps some time to have said to yourselves: Seeing that Cæcilianus either was innocent, or at least could not be proved guilty, what sin has the Christian Church spread so far and wide through the world committed in this matter? On what ground could it be unlawful for the Christian world to remain ignorant of that which even those who made it matter of accusation against others could not prove? Why should those whom Christ has sown in His field, that is, in this world, and has commanded to grow alongside of the tares until the harvest,736    Matt. xiii. 24–30.—those many thousands of believers in all nations, whose multitude the Lord compared to the stars of heaven and the sand of the sea, to whom He promised of old, and has now given, the blessing in the seed of Abraham,—why, I ask, should the name of Christians be denied to all these, because, forsooth, in regard to this case, in the discussion of which they took no part, they preferred to believe the judges, who under grave responsibility gave their decision, rather than the plaintiffs, against whom the decision was given? Surely no man’s crime can stain with guilt another who does not know of its commission. How could the faithful, scattered throughout the world, be cognisant of the crime of surrendering the sacred books as committed by men, whose guilt their accusers, even if they knew it, were at least unable to prove? Unquestionably this one fact of ignorance on their part most easily demonstrates that they had no share in the guilt of this crime. Why then should the innocent be charged with crimes which they never committed, because of their being ignorant of crimes which, justly or unjustly, are laid to the charge of others? What room is left for innocence, if it is criminal for one to be ignorant of the crimes of others? Moreover, if the mere fact of their ignorance proves, as has been said, the innocence of the people in so many nations, how great is the crime of separation from the communion of these innocent people! For the deeds of guilty parties which either cannot be proved to those who are innocent, or cannot be believed by them, bring no stain upon any one, since, even when known, they are borne with in order to preserve fellowship with those who are innocent. For the good are not to be deserted for the sake of the wicked, but the wicked are to be borne with for the sake of the good; as the prophets bore with those against whom they delivered such testimonies, and did not cease to take part in the sacraments of the Jewish people; as also our Lord bore with guilty Judas, even until he met the end which he deserved, and permitted him to take part in the sacred supper along with the innocent disciples; as the apostles bore with those who preached Christ through envy,—a sin peculiarly satanic;737    Phil. i. 15, 18. as Cyprian bore with colleagues guilty of avarice, which, after the example of the apostle,738    Col. iii. 5. he calls idolatry. In fine, whatever was done at that time among these bishops, although perhaps it was known by some of them, is, unless there be respect of persons in judgment, unknown to all: why, then, is not peace loved by all? These thoughts might easily occur to you; perhaps you already entertain them. But it would be better for you to be devoted to earthly possessions, through fear of losing which you might be proved to consent to known truth, than to be devoted to that worthless vainglory which you think you will by such consent forfeit in the estimation of men.

Chap. V.

16. You now see therefore, I suppose, that the thing to be considered when any one is coerced, is not the mere fact of the coercion, but the nature of that to which he is coerced, whether it be good or bad: not that any one can be good in spite of his own will, but that, through fear of suffering what he does not desire, he either renounces his hostile prejudices, or is compelled to examine truth of which he had been contentedly ignorant; and under the influence of this fear repudiates the error which he was wont to defend, or seeks the truth of which he formerly knew nothing, and now willingly holds what he formerly rejected. Perhaps it would be utterly useless to assert this in words, if it were not demonstrated by so many examples. We see not a few men here and there, but many cities, once Donatist, now Catholic, vehemently detesting the diabolical schism, and ardently loving the unity of the Church; and these became Catholic under the influence of that fear which is to you so offensive by the laws of emperors, from Constantine, before whom your party of their own accord impeached Cæcilianus, down to the emperors of our own time, who most justly decree that the decision of the judge whom your own party chose, and whom they preferred to a tribunal of bishops, should be maintained in force against you.

17. I have therefore yielded to the evidence afforded by these instances which my colleagues have laid before me. For originally my opinion was, that no one should be coerced into the unity of Christ, that we must act only by words, fight only by arguments, and prevail by force of reason, lest we should have those whom we knew as avowed heretics feigning themselves to be Catholics. But this opinion of mine was overcome not by the words of those who controverted it, but by the conclusive instances to which they could point. For, in the first place, there was set over against my opinion my own town, which, although it was once wholly on the side of Donatus, was brought over to the Catholic unity by fear of the imperial edicts, but which we now see filled with such detestation of your ruinous perversity, that it would scarcely be believed that it had ever been involved in your error. There were so many others which were mentioned to me by name, that, from facts themselves, I was made to own that to this matter the word of Scripture might be understood as applying: “Give opportunity to a wise man, and he will be yet wiser.”739    Prov. ix. 9. For how many were already, as we assuredly know, willing to be Catholics, being moved by the indisputable plainness of truth, but daily putting off their avowal of this through fear of offending their own party! How many were bound, not by truth—for you never pretended to that as yours—but by the heavy chains of inveterate custom, so that in them was fulfilled the divine saying: “A servant (who is hardened) will not be corrected by words; for though he understand, he will not answer”!740    Prov. xxix. 19. How many supposed the sect of Donatus to be the true Church, merely because ease had made them too listless, or conceited, or sluggish, to take pains to examine Catholic truth! How many would have entered earlier had not the calumnies of slanderers, who declared that we offered something else than we do upon the altar of God, shut them out! How many, believing that it mattered not to which party a Christian might belong, remained in the schism of Donatus only because they had been born in it, and no one was compelling them to forsake it and pass over into the Catholic Church!

18. To all these classes of persons the dread of those laws in the promulgation of which kings serve the Lord in fear has been so useful, that now some say we were willing for this some time ago; but thanks be to God, who has given us occasion for doing it at once, and has cut off the hesitancy of procrastination! Others say: We already knew this to be true, but we were held prisoners by the force of old custom: thanks be to the Lord, who has broken these bonds asunder, and has brought us into the bond of peace! Others say: We knew not that the truth was here, and we had no wish to learn it; but fear made us become earnest to examine it when we became alarmed, lest, without any gain in things eternal, we should be smitten with loss in temporal things: thanks be to the Lord, who has by the stimulus of fear startled us from our negligence, that now being disquieted we might inquire into those things which, when at ease, we did not care to know! Others say: We were prevented from entering the Church by false reports, which we could not know to be false unless we entered it; and we would not enter unless we were compelled: thanks be to the Lord, who by His scourge took away our timid hesitation, and taught us to find out for ourselves how vain and absurd were the lies which rumour had spread abroad against His Church: by this we are persuaded that there is no truth in the accusations made by the authors of this heresy, since the more serious charges which their followers have invented are without foundation. Others say: We thought, indeed, that it mattered not in what communion we held the faith of Christ; but thanks to the Lord, who has gathered us in from a state of schism, and has taught us that it is fitting that the one God be worshipped in unity.

19. Could I therefore maintain opposition to my colleagues, and by resisting them stand in the way of such conquests of the Lord, and prevent the sheep of Christ which were wandering on your mountains and hills—that is, on the swellings of your pride—from being gathered into the fold of peace, in which there is one flock and one Shepherd?741    John x. 16. Was it my duty to obstruct these measures, in order, forsooth, that you might not lose what you call your own, and might without fear rob Christ of what is His: that you might frame your testaments according to Roman law, and might by calumnious accusations break the Testament made with the sanction of Divine law to the fathers, in which it was written, “In thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed”:742    Gen. xxvi. 4. that you might have freedom in your transactions in the way of buying and selling, and might be emboldened to divide and claim as your own that which Christ bought by giving Himself as its price: that any gift made over by one of you to another might remain unchallenged, and that the gift which the God of gods has bestowed upon His children, called from the rising of the sun to the going down thereof,743    Ps. l. 1. might become invalid: that you might not be sent into exile from the land of your natural birth, and that you might labour to banish Christ from the kingdom bought with His blood, which extends from sea to sea, and from the river to the ends of the earth?744    Ps. lxxii. 8. Nay verily; let the kings of the earth serve Christ by making laws for Him and for His cause. Your predecessors exposed Cæcilianus and his companions to be punished by the kings of the earth for crimes with which they were falsely charged: let the lions now be turned to break in pieces the bones of the calumniators, and let no intercession for them be made by Daniel when he has been proved innocent, and set free from the den in which they meet their doom;745    Dan. vi. 23, 24. for he that prepareth a pit for his neighbour shall himself most justly fall into it.746    Prov. xxvi. 27.

Chap. VI.

20. Save yourself therefore, my brother, while you have this present life, from the wrath which is to come on the obstinate and the proud. The formidable power of the authorities of this world, when it assails the truth, gives glorious opportunity of probation to the strong, but puts dangerous temptation before the weak who are righteous; but when it assists the proclamation of the truth, it is the means of profitable admonition to the wise, and of unprofitable vexation to the foolish among those who have gone astray. “For there is no power but of God: whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God; for rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? Do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise of the same.”747    Rom. xiii. 1–3. For if the power be on the side of the truth, and correct any one who was in error, he that is put right by the correction has praise from the power. If, on the other hand, the power be unfriendly to the truth, and cruelly persecute any one, he who is crowned victor in this contest receives praise from the power which he resists. But you do not that which is good, so as to avoid being afraid of the power; unless perchance this is good, to sit and speak against not one brother,748    Ps. l. 20. but against all your brethren that are found among all nations, to whom the prophets, and Christ, and the apostles bear witness in the words of Scripture, “In thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed;” and again, “From the rising of the sun even unto the going down of the same, a pure offering shall be offered unto My name; for My name shall be great among the heathen, saith the Lord.”749    Mal. i. 11. Mark this: “saith the Lord;” not saith Donatus, or Rogatus, or Vincentius, or Ambrose, or Augustin, but “saith the Lord;” and again, “All tribes of the earth shall be blessed in Him, and all nations shall call Him blessed. Blessed be the Lord God, the God of Israel, who only doeth wondrous things; and blessed be His glorious name for ever, and the whole earth shall be filled with His glory: so let it be, so let it be.”750    Ps. lxxii. 17–19. And you sit at Cartennæ, and with a remnant of half a score of Rogatists you say, “Let it not be! Let it not be!”

21. You hear Christ speaking thus in the Gospel: “All things must be fulfilled which were written in the law of Moses, and in the Prophets, and in the Psalms, concerning Me. Then opened He their understanding, that they might understand the Scriptures, and said unto them, Thus it is written, and thus it behoved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead the third day; and that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in His name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem.”751    Luke xxiv. 44–47. You read also in the Acts of the Apostles how this gospel began at Jerusalem, where the Holy Spirit first filled those hundred and twenty persons, and went forth thence into Judæa and Samaria, and to all nations, as He had said unto them when He was about to ascend into heaven, “Ye shall be witnesses unto Me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judæa, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost parts of the earth;”752    Acts i. 15, 8, and ii. for “their sound went into all the earth, and their words unto the ends of the world.”753    Ps. xix. 4; Rom. x. 18. And you contradict the Divine testimonies so firmly established and so clearly revealed, and attempt to bring about such an absolute confiscation of Christ’s heritage, that although repentance is preached, as He said, in His name to all nations, whosoever may be in any part of the earth moved by that preaching, there is for him no possibility of remission of sins, unless he seek and discover Vincentius of Cartennæ, or some one of his nine or ten associates, in their obscurity in the imperial colony of Mauritania. What will the arrogance of insignificant mortals754    Typhus morticinæ pelliculæ. not dare to do? To what extremities will the presumption of flesh and blood not hurry men? Is this your well-doing, on account of which you are not afraid of the power? You place this grievous stumbling-block in the way of your own mother’s son,755    Ps. l. 20. for whom Christ died,756    1 Cor. viii. 11. and who is yet in feeble infancy, not ready to use strong meat, but requiring to be nursed on a mother’s milk;757    1 Cor. iii. 2. and you quote against me the works of Hilary, in order that you may deny the fact of the Church’s increase among all nations; even unto the end of the world, according to the promise which God, in order to subdue your unbelief, confirmed with an oath! And although you would by all means be most miserable if you stood against this when it was promised, you even now contradict it when the promise is fulfilled.

Chap. VII.

22. You, however, through your profound erudition, have discovered something which you think worthy to be alleged as a great objection against the Divine testimonies. For you say, “If we consider the parts comprehended in the whole world, it is a comparatively small portion in which the Christian faith is known:” either refusing to see, or pretending not to know, to how many barbarous nations the gospel has already penetrated, within a space of time so short, that not even Christ’s enemies can doubt that in a little while that shall be accomplished which our Lord foretold, when, answering the question of His disciples concerning the end of the world, He said, “This gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness unto all nations, and then shall the end come.”758    Matt. xxiv. 14. Meanwhile do all you can to proclaim and to maintain, that even though the gospel be published in Persia and India, as indeed it has been for a long time, no one who hears it can be in any degree cleansed from his sins, unless he come to Cartennæ, or to the neighbourhood of Cartennæ! If you have not expressly said this, it is evidently through fear lest men should laugh at you; and yet when you do say this, do you refuse that men should weep for you?

23. You think that you make a very acute remark when you affirm the name Catholic to mean universal, not in respect to the communion as embracing the whole world, but in respect to the observance of all Divine precepts and of all the sacraments, as if we (even accepting the position that the Church is called Catholic because it honestly holds the whole truth, of which fragments here and there are found in some heresies) rested upon the testimony of this word’s signification, and not upon the promises of God, and so many indisputable testimonies of the truth itself, our demonstration of the existence of the Church of God in all nations. In fact, however, this is the whole which you attempt to make us believe, that the Rogatists alone remain worthy of the name Catholics, on the ground of their observing all the Divine precepts and all the sacraments; and that you are the only persons in whom the Son of man when He cometh shall find faith.759    Luke xvii. 8. You must excuse me for saying we do not believe a word of this. For although, in order to make it possible for that faith to be found in you which the Lord said that He would not find on the earth, you may perhaps presume even to say that you are to be regarded as in heaven, not on earth, we at least have profited by the apostle’s warning, wherein he has taught us that even an angel from heaven must be regarded as accursed if he were to preach to us any other gospel than that which we have received.760    Gal. i. 8. But how can we be sure that we have indisputable testimony to Christ in the Divine Word, if we do not accept as indisputable the testimony of the same Word to the Church? For as, however ingenious the complex subtleties which one may contrive against the simple truth, and however great the mist of artful fallacies with which he may obscure it, any one who shall proclaim that Christ has not suffered, and has not risen from the dead on the third day, must be accursed—because we have learned in the truth of the gospel, “that it behoved Christ to suffer, and to rise from the dead on the third day;”761    Luke xxiv. 46.—on the very same grounds must that man be accursed who shall proclaim that the Church is outside of762    Præter. the communion which embraces all nations: for in the next words of the same passage we learn also that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in His name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem;763    Luke xxiv. 47. and we are bound to hold firmly this rule, “If any preach any other gospel unto you than that ye have received, let him be accursed.”764    Gal. i. 9.

Chap. VIII.

24. If, moreover, we do not listen to the claims of the entire sect of Donatists when they pretend to be the Church of Christ, seeing that they do not allege in proof of this anything from the Divine Books, how much less, I ask, are we called upon to listen to the Rogatists, who will not attempt to interpret; in the interest of their party the words of Scripture: “Where Thou feedest, where Thou dost rest in the south”!765    Meridie; at noon, E. V. Cant. i. 7. For if by this the southern part of Africa is to be understood,—the district, namely, which is occupied by Donatists, because it is under a more burning portion of the heavens,—the Maximianists must excel all the rest of your party, as the flame of their schism broke forth in Byzantium766    Now Tunis. and in Tripoli. Let the Arzuges, if they please, dispute this point with them, and contest that to them more properly this text applies; but how shall the imperial province of Mauritania, lying rather to the west than to the south, since it refuses to be called Africa,—how shall it, I say, find in the word “the south”767    Meridie. a ground for boasting, I do not say against the world, but against even that sect of Donatus from which the sect of Rogatus, a very small fragment of that other and larger fragment, has been broken off? For what else is it than superlative impudence for one to interpret in his own favour any allegorical statements, unless he has also plain testimonies, by the light of which the obscure meaning of the former may be made manifest.

25. With how much greater force, moreover, may we say to you what we are accustomed to say to all the Donatists: If any can have good grounds (which indeed none can have) for separating themselves from the communion of the whole world, and calling their communion the Church of Christ, because of their having withdrawn warrantably from the communion of all nations,—how do you know that in the Christian society, which is spread so far and wide, there may not have been some in a very remote place, from which the fame of their righteousness could not reach you, who had already, before the date of your separation, separated themselves for some just cause from the communion of the whole world? How could the Church in that case be found in your sect, rather than in those who were separated before you? Thus it comes to pass, that so long as you are ignorant of this, you cannot make with certainty any claim: which is necessarily the portion of all who, in defending the cause of their party, appeal to their own testimony instead of the testimony of God. For you cannot say, If this had happened, it could not have escaped our knowledge; for, not going beyond Africa itself, you cannot tell, when the question is put to you, how many subdivisions of the party of Donatus have occurred: in connection with which we must especially bear in mind that in your view the smaller the number of those who separate themselves, the greater is the justice of their cause, and this paucity of numbers makes them undoubtedly more likely to remain unnoticed. Hence, also, you are by no means sure that there may not be some righteous persons, few in number, and therefore unknown, dwelling in some place far remote from the south of Africa, who, long before the party of Donatus had withdrawn their righteousness from fellowship with the unrighteousness of all other men, had, in their remote northern region, separated themselves in the same way for some most satisfactory reason, and now are, by a claim superior to yours, the Church of God, as the spiritual Zion which preceded all your sects in the matter of warrantable secession, and who interpret in their favour the words of the Psalm, “Mount Zion, on the sides of the north, the city of the Great King,”768    Ps. xlviii. 2. with much more reason than the party of Donatus interpret in their favour the words, “Where Thou feedest, where Thou dost rest in the south.”769    Cant. i. 7.

26. You profess, nevertheless, to be afraid lest, when you are compelled by imperial edicts to consent to unity, the name of God be for a longer time blasphemed by the Jews and the heathen: as if the Jews were not aware how their own nation Israel, in the beginning of its history, wished to exterminate by war the two tribes and a half which had received possessions beyond Jordan, when they thought that these had separated themselves from the unity of their nation.770    Josh. xxii. 9–12. As to the Pagans, they may indeed with greater reason reproach us for the laws which Christian emperors have enacted against idolaters; and yet many of these have thereby been, and are now daily, turned from idols to the living and true God. In fact, however, both Jews and Pagans, if they thought the Christians to be as insignificant in number as you are,—who maintain, forsooth, that you alone are Christians,—would not condescend to say anything against us, but would never cease to treat us with ridicule and contempt. Are you not afraid lest the Jews should say to you, “If your handful of men be the Church of Christ, what becomes of the statement of your Apostle Paul, that your Church is described in the words, ‘Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; breakforth and cry, thou that travailest not: for the desolate hath many more children than she which hath an husband;’771    Gal. iv. 27. in which he plainly declares the multitude of Christians to surpass that of the Jewish Church?” Will you say to them, “We are the more righteous because our number is not large;” and do you expect them not to reply, “Whoever772    Quoslibet is obviously the true reading. you claim to be, you are not those of whom it is said, ‘She that was desolate hath many children,’ if you are reduced to so small a number”?

27. Perhaps you will quote against this the example of that righteous man, who along with his family was alone found worthy of deliverance when the flood came. Do you see then how far you still are from being righteous? Most assuredly we do not affirm you to be righteous on the ground of this instance until your associates be reduced to seven, yourself being the eighth person: provided always, however, that no other has, as I was saying, anticipated the party of Donatus in snatching up that righteousness, by having, in some far distant spot, withdrawn himself along with seven more, under pressure of some good reason, from communion with the whole world, and so saved himself from the flood by which it is overwhelmed. Seeing, therefore, that you do not know whether this may not have been done, and been as entirely unheard of by you as the name of Donatus is unheard of by many nations of Christians in remote countries, you are unable to say with certainty where the Church is to be found. For it must be in that place in which what you have now done may happen to have been at an earlier date done by others, if there could possibly be any just reason for your separating yourselves from the communion of the whole world.

Chap. IX.

28. We, however, are certain that no one could ever have been warranted in separating himself from the communion of all nations, because every one of us looks for the marks of the Church not in his own righteousness, but in the Divine Scriptures, and beholds it actually in existence, according to the promises. For it is of the Church that it is said,“As the lily among thorns, so is my love among the daughters;”773    Cant. ii. 2. which could be called on the one hand “thorns” only by reason of the wickedness of their manners, and on the other hand “daughters” by reason of their participation in the same sacraments. Again, it is the Church which saith, “From the end of the earth have I cried unto Thee when my heart was overwhelmed;”774    Ps. lxi. 2. and in another Psalm, “Horror hath kept me back from775    In this and the other passages quoted, Augustin translates from the LXX. the wicked that forsake Thy law;” and, “I beheld the transgressors, and was grieved.”776    Ps. cxix. 53 and 158. It is the same which says to her Spouse: “Tell me where Thou feedest, where Thou dost rest at noon: for why should I be as one veiled beside the flocks of Thy companions?”777    Cant. i. 7. This is the same as is said in another place: “Make known to me Thy right hand, and those who are in heart taught in wisdom;”778    Ps. xc. 12. in whom, as they shine with light and glow with love, Thou dost rest as in noontide; lest perchance, like one veiled, that is, hidden and unknown, I should run, not to Thy flock, but to the flocks of Thy companions, i.e. of heretics, whom the bride here calls companions, just as He called the thorns779    Cant. ii. 2. “daughters,” because of common participation in the sacraments: of which persons it is elsewhere said: “Thou wast a man, mine equal, my guide, my acquaintance, who didst take sweet food together with me; we walked unto the house of God in company. Let death seize upon them, and let them go down quick into hell,”780    Ps. lv. 14, 15. like Dathan and Abiram, the authors of an impious schism.

29. It is to the Church also that the answer is given immediately after in the passage quoted above: “If thou know not thyself,781    Nisi cognoveris temetipsam. O thou fairest among women, go thy way forth by the footsteps of the flocks,782    Gregum. and feed thy kids beside the shepherds’ tents.”783    Cant. i. 8. Oh, matchless sweetness of the Bridegroom, who thus replied to her question: “If thou knowest not thyself,” He says; as if He said, “Surely the city which is set upon a mountain cannot be hid;784    Matt. v. 14. and therefore, ‘Thou art not as one veiled, that thou shouldst run to the flocks of my companions.’ For I am the mountain established upon the top of the mountains, unto which all nations shall come.785    Isa. ii. 2. ‘If thou knowest not thyself,’ by the knowledge which thou mayest gain, not in the words of false witnesses, but in the testimonies of My book; ‘if thou knowest not thyself,’ from such testimony as this concerning thee: ‘Lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes: for thou shalt break forth on the right hand and on the left; and thy seed shall inherit the Gentiles, and make the desolate cities to be inhabited. Fear not, for thou shall not be ashamed; neither be thou confounded, for thou shall not be put to shame: for thou shalt forget the shame of thy youth, and shall not remember the reproach of thy widowhood any more: for thy Maker is thine husband, the Lord of hosts is His name, and thy Redeemer the Holy One of Israel; the God of the whole earth shall He be called.’ ‘If thou knowest not thyself,’ O thou fairest among women, from this which hath been said of thee, ‘The King hath greatly desired thy beauty,’ and ‘instead of thy fathers shall be thy children, whom thou mayest make princes upon the earth:’786    Ps. xlv. 11–16. if, therefore, ‘thou know not thyself,’ go thy way forth: I do not cast thee forth, but ‘go thy way forth,’ that of thee it may be said, ‘They went out from us, but they were not of us.’787    1 John ii. 19. ‘Go thy way forth’ by the footsteps of the flocks, not in My footsteps, but in the footsteps of the flocks; and not of the one flock, but of flocks divided and going astray. ‘And feed thy kids,’ not as Peter, to whom it is said, ‘Feed My sheep;’788    John xxi. 17. but, ‘Feed thy kids beside the shepherds’ tents,’ not beside the tent of the Shepherd, where there is ‘one fold and one Shepherd.’”789    John x. 16. But the church knows herself, and thereby escapes from that lot which has befallen those who did not know themselves to be in her.

30. The same [Church] is spoken of, when, in regard to the fewness of her numbers as compared with the multitude of the wicked, it is said: “Strait is the gate and narrow is the way which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it.”790    Matt. vii. 14. And again, it is of the same Church that it is said with respect to the multitude of her members: “I will multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven, and as the sand which is upon the sea-shore.”791    Gen. xxii. 14. For the same Church of holy and good believers is both small if compared with the number of the wicked, which is greater, and large if considered by itself; “for the desolate hath more sons than she which hath an husband,” and “many shall come from the east and from the west, and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of God.”792    Matt. viii. 11. God, moreover, presents unto Himself a “numerous people, zealous of good works.”793    Tit. ii. 14; περιούσιος being translated by Augustin “abundans,” where our version has “peculiar.” And in the Apocalypse, many thousands “which no man can number,” from every tribe and tongue, are seen clothed in white robes, and with palms of victory.794    Rev. vii. 9. It is the same Church which is occasionally obscured, and, as it were, beclouded by the multitude of offences, when sinners bend the bow that they may shoot under the darkened moon795    ἐν σκοτομήνῃ, LXX. at the upright in heart.796    Ps. xi. 2. But even at such a time the Church shines in those who are most firm in their attachment to her. And if, in the Divine promise above quoted, any distinct application of its two clauses should be made, it is perhaps not without reason that the seed of Abraham was compared both to the “stars of heaven,” and to “the sand which is by the sea-shore:” that by “the stars” may be understood those who, in number fewer, are more fixed and more brilliant; and that by “the sand on the sea-shore” may be understood that great multitude of weak and carnal persons within the Church, who at one time are seen at rest and free while the weather is calm, but are at another time covered and troubled under the waves of tribulation and temptation.

31. Now, such a troublous time was the time at which Hilary wrote in the passage which you have thought fit artfully to adduce against so many Divine testimonies, as if by it you could prove that the Church has perished from the earth.797    Vincentius had quoted from Hilary’s work, De Synodis adversum Arianos, a sentence to the effect that, with the exception of a very small remnant, the ten provinces of Asia in which he was settled were truly ignorant of God. You may just as well say that the numerous churches of Galatia had no existence at the time when the apostle wrote to them: “O foolish Galatians, who hath bewitched you,” that, “having begun in the Spirit, ye are now made perfect in the flesh?”798    Gal. iii. 1, 3. For thus you would misrepresent that learned man, who (like the apostle) was sternly rebuking the slow of heart and the timid, for whom he was travailing in birth a second time, until Christ should be formed in them.799    Gal. iv. 19. For who does not know that many persons of weak judgment were at that time deluded by ambiguous phrases, so that they thought that the Arians believed the same doctrines as they themselves held; and that others, through fear, had yielded and feigned consent, not walking uprightly according to the truth of the gospel, to whom you would have denied that forgiveness which, when they had been turned from their error, was extended to them? But in refusing such pardon, you prove yourselves wholly ignorant of the word of God. For read what Paul has recorded concerning Peter,800    Gal. ii. 11–21. and what Cyprian has expressed as his view on the ground of that statement, and do not blame the compassion of the Church, which does not scatter the members of Christ when they are gathered together, but labours to gather His scattered members into one. It is true that those who then stood most resolute, and were able to understand the treacherous phrases used by the heretics, were few in number when compared with the rest; but some of them it is to be remembered were then bravely enduring sentence of banishment, and others were hiding themselves for safety in all parts of the world. And thus the Church, which is increasing throughout all nations, has been preserved as the Lord’s wheat, and shall be preserved unto the end, yea, until all nations, even the barbarous tribes, are within its embrace. For it is the Church which the Son of man has sown as good seed, and of which He has foretold that it should grow among the tares until the harvest. For the field is the world, and the harvest is the end of time.801    Matt. xiii. 24–39.

32. Hilary, therefore, either was rebuking not the wheat, but the tares, in those ten provinces of Asia, or was addressing himself to the wheat, because it was endangered through some unfaithfulness, and spoke as one who thought that the rebuke would be useful in proportion to the vehemence with which it was given. For the canonical Scriptures contain examples of the same manner of rebuke in which what is intended for some is spoken as if it applied to all. Thus the apostle, when he says to the Corinthians, “How say some among you, that there is no resurrection of the dead?”802    1 Cor. xv. 12. proves clearly that all of them were not such; but he bears witness that those who were such were not outside of their communion, but among them. And shortly after, lest those who were of a different opinion should be led astray by them, he gave this warning: “Be not deceived: evil communications corrupt good manners. Awake to righteousness, and sin not; for some have not the knowledge of God: I speak this to your shame.”803    1 Cor. xv. 33, 34. But when he says, “Whereas there is among you envying, and strife, and divisions, are ye not carnal, and walk as men?”804    1 Cor. iii. 3. he speaks as if it applied to all, and you see how grave a charge he makes. Wherefore, if it were not that we read in the same epistle, “I thank my God always on your behalf, for the grace of God which is given you by Jesus Christ; that in everything ye are enriched by Him, in all utterance, and in all knowledge; even as the testimony of Christ was confirmed in you: so that ye come behind in no gift,”805    1 Cor. i. 4–7. we would think that all the Corinthians had been carnal and natural, not perceiving the things of the spirit of God,806    1 Cor. ii. 14. fond of strife, and full of envy, and “walking as men.” In like manner it is said, on the one hand, “the whole world lieth in wickedness,”807    1 John v. 19. because of the tares which are throughout the whole world; and, on the other hand, Christ “is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world,”808    1 John ii. 2. because of the wheat which is throughout the whole world.

33. The love of many, however, waxes cold because of offences, which abound increasingly the more that, within the communion of the sacraments of Christ, there are gathered to the glory of His name even those who are wicked, and who persist in the obstinacy of error; whose separation, however, as chaff from the wheat, is to be effected only in the final purging of the Lord’s threshing-floor.809    Matt. iii. 12. These do not destroy those who are the Lord’s wheat—few, indeed, when compared with the others, but in themselves a great multitude; they do not destroy the elect of God, who are to be gathered at the end of the world from the four winds, from the one end of heaven to the other.810    Matt. xxiv. 31. For it is from the elect that the cry comes, “Help, Lord! for the godly man ceaseth, for the faithful fail from among the children of men;”811    Ps. xii. 1. and it is of them that the Lord saith, “He that shall endure to the end (when iniquity shall abound), the same shall be saved.”812    Matt. xxiv. 12, 13. Moreover, that the psalm quoted is the language not of one man, but of many, is shown by the following context: “Thou shalt keep us, O Lord; Thou shalt preserve us from this generation for ever.”813    Ps. xii. 7. On account of this abounding iniquity which the Lord foretold, it is said in another place: “When the Son of man cometh, shall He find faith on the earth?” This doubt expressed by Him who knoweth all things prefigured the doubts which in Him we entertain, when the Church, being often disappointed in many from whom much was expected, but who have proved very different from what they were supposed to be, is so alarmed in regard to her own members, that she is slow to believe good of any one. Nevertheless it would be wrong to cherish doubt that those whose faith He shall find on the earth are growing along with the tares throughout the whole field.

34. Therefore it is the same Church also which within the Lord’s net is swimming along with the bad fishes, but is in heart and in life separated from them, and departs from them, that she may be presented to her Lord a “glorious Church, not having spot or wrinkle.”814    Eph. v. 27. But the actual visible separation she looks for only on the sea-shore, i.e. at the end of the world,—meanwhile correcting as many as she can, and bearing with those whom she cannot correct; but she does not abandon the unity of the good because of the wickedness of those whom she finds incorrigible.

Chap. X.

35. Wherefore, my brother, refrain from gathering together against divine testimonies so many, so perspicuous, and so unchallenged, the calumnies which may be found in the writings of bishops either of our communion, as Hilary, or of the undivided Church itself in the age preceding the schism of Donatus, as Cyprian or Agrippinus;815    Agrippinus, successor of Cyprian in the see of Carthage. because, in the first place, this class of writings must be, so far as authority is concerned, distinguished from the canon of Scripture. For they are not read by us as if a testimony brought forward from them was such that it would be unlawful to hold any different opinion, for it may be that the opinions which they held were different from those to which truth demands our assent. For we are amongst those who do not reject what has been taught us even by an apostle: “If in anything ye be otherwise minded, God shall reveal even this unto you; nevertheless, whereto we have already attained, let us walk by the same rule,”816    Phil. iii. 15, 16.—in that way, namely, which Christ is; of which way the Psalmist thus speaks: “God be merciful unto us, and bless us, and cause His face to shine upon us: that Thy way may be known upon earth, Thy saving health among all nations.”817    Ps. lxvii. 1, 2.

36. In the next place, if you are charmed by the authority of that bishop and illustrious martyr St. Cyprian, which we indeed regard, as I have said, as quite distinct from the authority of canonical Scripture, why are you not charmed by such things in him as these: that he maintained with loyalty, and defended in debate, the unity of the Church in the world and in all nations; that he censured, as full of self-sufficiency and pride, those who wished to separate themselves as righteous from the Church, holding them up to ridicule for assuming to themselves that which the Lord did not concede even to apostles,—namely, the gathering of the tares before the harvest,—and for attempting to separate the chaff from the wheat, as if to them had been assigned the charge of removing the chaff and cleansing the threshing-floor; that he proved that no man can be stained with guilt by the sins of others, thus sweeping away the only ground alleged by the authors of schism for their separation; that in the very matter in regard to which he was of a different opinion from his colleagues, he did not decree that those who thought otherwise than he did should be condemned or excommunicated; that even in his letter to Jubaianus818    See Ante-Nicene Fathers, Am. ed. vol. v. p. 379. (which was read for the first time in the Council,819    Held at Carthage, A.D. 256. the authority of which you are wont to plead in defence of the practice of rebaptizing), although he admits that in time past persons who had been baptized in other communions had been received into the Church without being a second time baptized, on which ground they were regarded by him as having had no baptism, nevertheless he considers the use and benefit of peace within the Church to be so great, that for its sake he holds that these persons (though in his judgment unbaptized) should not be excluded from office in the Church?

37. And by this you will very readily perceive (for I know the acuteness of your mind) that your cause is completely subverted and annihilated. For if, as you suppose, the Church which had been spread abroad throughout the world perished through her admitting sinners to partake in her sacraments (and this is the ground alleged for your separation), it had wholly perished long before,—at the time, namely, when, as Cyprian says, men were admitted into it without baptism,—and thus Cyprian himself had no Church within which to be born; and if so, how much more must this have been the case with one who, like Donatus, the author of your schism, and the father of your sect, belonged to a later age! But if at that time, although persons were being admitted into the Church without baptism, the Church nevertheless remained in being, so as to give birth to Cyprian and afterwards to Donatus, it is manifest that the righteous are not defiled by the sins of other men when they participate with them in the sacraments. And thus you have no excuse by which you can wash away the guilt of the schism whereby you have gone forth from the unity of the Church; and in you is fulfilled that saying of Holy Writ: “There is a generation that esteem themselves right, and have not cleansed themselves from the guilt of their going forth.”820    Prov. xxx. 12, ἔκγονον κακὸν δίκαιον ἐαυτὸν κρίνει, τὴν δ’ ἔξοδον αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἀπένιψεν.

38. The man who, out of regard to the sameness of the sacraments, does not presume to insist on the second administration of baptism even to heretics, is not, by thus avoiding Cyprian’s error, placed on a level with Cyprian in merit, any more than the man who does not insist upon the Gentiles conforming to Jewish ceremonies is thereby placed on a level in merit with the Apostle Peter. In Peter’s case, however, the record not only of his halting, but also of his correction, is contained in the canonical Scriptures; whereas the statement that Cyprian entertained opinions at variance with those approved by the constitution and practice of the Church is found, not in canonical Scripture, but in his own writings, and in those of a Council; and although it is not found in the same records that he corrected that opinion, it is nevertheless by no means an unreasonable supposition that he did correct it, and that this fact may perhaps have been suppressed by those who were too much pleased with the error into which he fell, and were unwilling to lose the patronage of so great a name. At the same time, there are not wanting some who maintain that Cyprian never held the view ascribed to him, but that this was an unwarrantable forgery passed off by liars under his name. For it was impossible for the integrity and authenticity of the writings of any one bishop, however illustrious, to be secured and preserved as the canonical Scriptures are through translation into so many languages, and through the regular and continuous manner in which the Church has used them in public worship. Even in the face of this, some have been found forging many things under the names of the apostles. It is true, indeed, that they made such attempts in vain, because the text of canonical Scripture was so well attested, and so generally used and known; but this effort of an unholy boldness, which has not forborne to assail writings which are defended by the strength of such notoriety, has proved what it is capable of essaying against writings which are not established upon canonical authority.

39. We, however, do not deny that Cyprian held the views ascribed to him: first, because his style has a certain peculiarity of expression by which it may be recognised; and secondly, because in this case our cause rather than yours is proved victorious, and the pretext alleged for your schism—namely, that you might not be defiled by the sins of other men—is in the most simple manner exploded; since it is manifest from the letters of Cyprian that participation in the sacraments was allowed to sinful men, when those who, in your judgment (and as you will have it, in his judgment also), were unbaptized were as such admitted to the Church, and that nevertheless the Church did not perish, but remained in the dignity belonging to her nature as the Lord’s wheat scattered throughout the world. And, therefore, if in your consternation you thus betake yourselves to Cyprian’s authority as to a harbour of refuge, you see the rock against which your error dashes itself in this course; if, on the other hand, you do not venture to flee thither, you are wrecked without any struggle for escape.

40. Moreover, Cyprian either did not hold at all the opinions which you ascribe to him, or did subsequently correct his mistake by the rule of truth, or covered this blemish, as we may call it, upon his otherwise spotless mind by the abundance of his love, in his most amply defending the unity of the Church growing throughout the whole world, and in his most stedfastly holding the bond of peace; for it is written, “Charity [love] covereth a multitude of sins.”821    1 Pet. iv. 8. To this was also added, that in him, as a most fruitful branch, the Father removed by the pruning-knife of suffering whatever may have remained in him requiring correction: “For every branch in me,” saith the Lord, “that beareth fruit He purgeth, that it may bring forth more fruit.”822    John xv. 2. And whence this care of him, if not because, continuing as a branch in the far-spreading vine, he did not forsake the root of unity? “For though he gave his body to be burned, if he had not charity, it would profit him nothing.”823    1 Cor. xiii. 3.

41. Attend now a little while to the letters of Cyprian, that you may see how he proves the man to be inexcusable who desires ostensibly on the ground of his own righteousness to withdraw himself from the unity of the Church (which God promised and has fulfilled in all nations), and that you may more clearly apprehend the truth of the text quoted by me shortly before: “There is a generation that esteem themselves righteous, and have not cleansed themselves from the guilt of their going forth.” In a letter which he wrote to Antonianus824    Letter LI. 21. Ante-Nicene Fathers, Am. ed. vol. v. p. 332. he discusses a matter very closely akin to that which we are now debating; but it is better for us to give his very words: “Some of our predecessors,” he says, “in the episcopal office in this province were of opinion that the peace of the Church should not be given to fornicators, and finally closed the door of repentance against those who had been guilty of adultery. They did not, however, withdraw themselves from fellowship with their colleagues in the episcopate; nor did they rend asunder the unity of the Catholic Church, by such harshness and obstinate perseverance in their censure as to separate themselves from the Church because others granted while they themselves refused to adulterers the peace of the Church. The bond of concord remaining unbroken, and the sacrament of the Church continuing undivided, each bishop arranges and orders his own conduct as one who shall give account of his procedure to his Lord.” What say you to that, brother Vincentius? Surely you must see that this great man, this peace-loving bishop and dauntless martyr, made nothing more earnestly his care than to prevent the sundering of the bond of unity. You see him travailing in birth for the souls of men, not only that they might, when conceived, be born in Christ, but also that, when born, they might not perish through their being shaken out of their mother’s bosom.

42. Now give attention, I pray you, further to this thing which he has mentioned in protesting against impious schismatics. If those who granted peace to adulterers, who repented of their sin, shared the guilt of adulterers, were those who did not so act defiled by fellowship with them as colleagues in office? If, again, it was a right thing, as truth asserts and the Church maintains, that peace should be given to adulterers who repented of their sin, those who utterly closed against adulterers the door of reconciliation through repentance were unquestionably guilty of impiety in refusing healing to the members of Christ, in taking away the keys of the Church from those who knocked for admission, and in opposing with heartless cruelty God’s most compassionate forbearance, which permitted them to live in order that, repenting, they might be healed by the sacrifice of a contrite spirit and broken heart. Nevertheless this their heartless error and impiety did not defile the others, compassionate and peace-loving men, when these shared with them in the Christian sacraments, and tolerated them within the net of unity, until the time when, brought to the shore, they should be separated from each other; or if this error and impiety of others did defile them, then the Church was already at that time destroyed, and there was no Church to give Cyprian birth. But if, as is beyond question, the Church continued in existence, it is also beyond question that no man in the unity of Christ can be stained by the guilt of the sins of other men if he be not consenting to the deeds of the wicked, and thus defiled by actual participation in their crimes, but only, for the sake of the fellowship of the good, tolerating the wicked, as the chaff which lies until the final purging of the Lord’s threshing-floor. These things being so, where is the pretext for your schism? Are ye not an “evil generation, esteeming yourselves righteous, yet not washed from the guilt of your going forth” [from the Church]?

43. If, now, I were disposed to quote anything against you from the writings of Tychonius, a man of your communion, who has written rather in defence of the Church and against you than the reverse, in vain disowning the communion of African Christians as traditors (by which one thing Parmenianus silences him), what else can you say in reply than what Tychonius himself said of you as I have shortly before reminded you: “That which is according to our will is holy”?825    P. 387. For this Tychonius—a man, as I have said, of your communion—writes that a Council was held at Carthage826    This Council at Carthage is not elsewhere mentioned. by two hundred and seventy of your bishops; in which Council, after seventy-five days of deliberation, all past decisions on the matter being set aside, a carefully revised resolution was published, to the effect that to those who were guilty of a heinous crime as traditors, the privilege of communion should be granted as to blameless persons, if they refused to be baptized. He says further, that Deuterius of Macriana, a bishop of your party, added to the Church a whole crowd of traditors, without making any distinction between them and others, making the unity of the Church open to these traditors, in accordance with the decree of the Council held by these two hundred and seventy of your bishops, and that after that transaction Donatus continued unbroken his communion with the said Deuterius, and not only with him, but also with all the Mauritanian bishops for forty years, who, according to the statement of Tychonius, admitted the traditors to communion without insisting on their being rebaptized, up to the time of the persecution made by Macarius.

44. You will say, “What has that Tychonius to do with me?” It is true that Tychonius is the man whom Parmenianus checked by his reply, and effectually warned not to write such things; but he did not refute the statements themselves, but, as I have said above, silenced him by this one thing, that while saying such things concerning the Church which is diffused throughout the world, and while admitting that the faults of other men within its unity cannot defile one who is innocent, he nevertheless withdrew himself from the contagion of communion with African Christians because of their being traditors, and was an adherent of the party of Donatus. Parmenianus, indeed, might have said that Tychonius had in all these things spoken falsely; but, as Tychonius himself observes, many were still living at that time by whom these things might be proved to be most unquestionably true and generally known.

45. Of these things, however, I say no more: maintain, if you choose, that Tychonius spoke falsely; I bring you back to Cyprian, the authority which you yourself have quoted. If, according to his writings, every one in the unity of the Church is defiled by the sins of other members, then the Church had utterly perished before Cyprian’s time, and all possibility of Cyprian’s own existence (as a member of the Church) is taken away. If, however, the very thought of this is impiety, and it be beyond question that the Church continued in being, it follows that no one is defiled by the guilt of the sins of other men within the Catholic unity; and in vain do you, “an evil generation,” maintain that you are righteous, when you are “not washed from the guilt of your going forth.”

Chap. XI.

46. You will say, “Why then do you seek us? Why do you receive those whom you call heretics?” Mark how simple and short is my reply. We seek you because you are lost, that we may rejoice over you when found, as over you while lost we grieved. Again we call you heretics; but the name applies to you only up to the time of your being turned to the peace of the Catholic Church, and extricated from the errors by which you have been ensnared. For when you pass over to us, you entirely abandon the position you formerly occupied, so that, as heretics no longer, you pass over to us. You will say, “Then baptize me.” I would, if you were not already baptized, or if you had received the baptism of Donatus, or of Rogatus only, and not of Christ. It is not the Christian sacraments, but the crime of schism, which makes you a heretic. The evil which has proceeded from yourself is not a reason for our denying the good that is permanent in you, but which you possess to your own harm if you have it not in that Church from which proceeds its power to do good. For from the Catholic Church are all the sacraments of the Lord, which you hold and administer in the same way as they were held and administered even before you went forth from her. The fact, however, that you are no longer in that Church from which proceeded the sacraments which you have, does not make it the less true that you still have them. We therefore do not change in you that wherein you are at one with ourselves, for in many things you are at one with us; and of such it is said, “For in many things they were with me:”827    Ps. lv. 18, Septuagint. but we correct those things in which you are not with us, and we wish you to receive those things which you have not where you now are. You are at one with us in baptism, in creed, and in the other sacraments of the Lord. But in the spirit of unity and bond of peace, in a word, in the Catholic Church itself, you are not with us. If you receive these things, the others which you already have will then not begin to be yours, but begin to be of use to you. We do not therefore, as you think, receive your men of your party as still belonging to you, but in the act of receiving them we incorporate with ourselves those who forsake you that they may be received by us; and in order that they may belong to us, their first step is to renounce their connection with you. Nor do we compel into union with us those who industriously serve an error which we abhor; but our reason for wishing those men to be united to us is, that they may no longer be worthy of our abhorrence.

47. But you will say, “The Apostle Paul baptized after John.”828    Acts xix. 5. Did he then baptize after a heretic? If you do presume to call that friend of the Bridegroom a heretic, and to say that he was not in the unity of the Church, I beg that you will put this in writing. But if you believe that it would be the height of folly to think or to say so, it remains for your own wisdom to resolve the question why the Apostle Paul baptized after John. For if he baptized after one who was his equal, you ought all to baptize after one another. If after one who was greater than himself, you ought to baptize after Rogatus; if after one who was less than himself, Rogatus ought to have baptized after you those whom you, as a presbyter, had baptized. If, however, the baptism which is now administered is in all cases of equal value to those who receive it, however unequal in merit the persons may be by whom it is administered, because it is the baptism of Christ, not of those who administer the right, I think you must already perceive that Paul administered the baptism of Christ to certain persons because they had received the baptism of John only, and not of Christ; for it is expressly called the baptism of John, as the Divine Scripture bears witness in many passages, and as the Lord Himself calls it, saying: “The baptism of John, whence was it? from heaven, or of men?”829    Matt. xxi. 25. But the baptism which Peter administered was the baptism, not of Peter, but of Christ; that which Paul administered was the baptism, not of Paul, but of Christ; that which was administered by those who, in the apostle’s time, preached Christ not sincerely, but of contention,830    Phil. i. 15, 17. was not their own, but the baptism of Christ; and that which was administered by those who, in Cyprian’s time, either by artful dishonesty obtained their possessions, or by usury, at exorbitant interest, increased them, was not their own baptism, but the baptism of Christ. And because it was of Christ, therefore, although there was very great disparity in the persons by whom it was administered, it was equally useful to those by whom it was received. For if the excellency of baptism in each case is according to the excellency of the person by whom one is baptized, it was wrong in the apostle to give thanks that he had baptized none of the Corinthians, but Crispus, and Gaius, and the house of Stephanas;831    1 Cor. i. 14. for the baptism of the converts in Corinth, if administered by himself, would have been so much more excellent as Paul himself was more excellent than other men. Lastly, when he says, “I have planted, and Apollos watered,”832    1 Cor. iii. 6. he seems to intimate that he had preached the gospel, and that Apollos had baptized. Is Apollos better than John? Why then did he, who baptized after John, not baptize after Apollos? Surely because, in the one case, the baptism, by whomsoever administered, was the baptism of Christ; and in the other case, by whomsoever administered, it was, although preparing the way for Christ, only the baptism of John.

48. It seems to you an odious thing to say that baptism was given to some after John had baptized them, and yet that baptism is not to be given to men after heretics have baptized them; but it may be said with equal justice to be an odious thing that baptism was given to some after John had baptized them, and yet that baptism is not to be given to men after intemperate persons have baptized them. I name this sin of intemperance rather than others, because those in whom it reigns are not able to hide it: and yet what man, even though he be blind, does not know how many addicted to this vice are to be found everywhere? And yet among the works of the flesh, of which it is said that they who do them shall not inherit the kingdom of God, the apostle places this in an enumeration in which heresies also are specified: “Now the works of the flesh,” he says, “are manifest, which are these: adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like; of the which I tell you before, as I have also told you in time past, that they who do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God.”833    Gal. v. 19–21. Baptism, therefore, although it was administered after John, is not administered after a heretic, on the very same principle according to which, though administered after John; it is not administered after an intemperate man: for both heresies and drunkenness are among the works which exclude those who do them from inheriting the kingdom of God. Does it not seem to you as if it were a thing intolerably unseemly, that although baptism was repeated after it had been administered by him who, not even moderately drinking wine, but wholly refraining from its use, prepared the way for the kingdom of God, and yet that it should not be repeated after being administered by an intemperate man, who shall not inherit the kingdom of God? What can be said in answer to this, but that the one was the baptism of John, after which the apostle administered the baptism of Christ; and that the other, administered by an intemperate man, was the baptism of Christ? Between John Baptist and an intemperate man there is a great difference, as of opposites; between the baptism of Christ and the baptism of John there is no contrariety, but a great difference. Between the apostle and an intemperate man there is a great difference; but there is none between the baptism of Christ administered by an apostle, and the baptism of Christ administered by an intemperate man. In like manner, between John and a heretic there is a great difference, as of opposites; and between the baptism of John and the baptism of Christ which a heretic administers there is no contrariety, but there is a great difference. But between the baptism of Christ which an apostle administers, and the baptism of Christ which a heretic administers, there is no difference. For the form of the sacrament is acknowledged to be the same even when there is a great difference in point of worth between the men by whom it is administered.

49. But pardon me, for I have made a mistake in wishing to convince you by arguing from the case of an intemperate man administering baptism; for I had forgotten that I am dealing with a Rogatist, not with one bearing the wider name of Donatist. For among your colleagues who are so few, and in the whole number of your clergy, perhaps you cannot find one addicted to this vice. For you are persons who hold that the name Catholic is given to the faith not because communion of those who hold it embraces the whole world, but because they observe the whole of the Divine precepts and the whole of the sacraments; you are the persons in whom alone the Son of man when He cometh shall find faith, when on the earth He shall find no faith, forasmuch as you are not earth and on the earth, but heavenly and dwelling in heaven! Do you not fear, or do you not observe that “God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble”?834    Jas. iv. 6. Does not that very passage in the Gospel startle you, in which the Lord saith, “When the Son of man cometh, shall He find faith in the earth?”835    Luke xviii. 8. Immediately thereafter, as if foreseeing that some would proudly arrogate to themselves the possession of this faith, He spake to some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and despised others, the parable of the two men who went up to the temple to pray, the one a Pharisee, and the other a publican. The words which follow I leave for yourself to consider and to answer. Nevertheless examine more minutely your small sect, to see whether not so much as one who administers baptism is an intemperate man. For so widespread is the havoc wrought among souls by this plague, that I am greatly surprised if it has not reached even your infinitesimal flock, although it is your boast that already, before the coming of Christ, the one good Shepherd, you have separated between the sheep and the goats.

Chap. XII.

50. Listen to the testimony which through me is addressed to you by those who are the Lord’s wheat, suffering meanwhile until the final winnowing,836    Matt. iii. 12. among the chaff in the Lord’s threshing-floor, i.e. throughout the whole world, because “God hath called the earth from the rising of the sun unto the going down thereof,”837    Ps. l. 1. and throughout the same wide field the “children praise Him.”838    Ps. cxiii. 1–3. We disapprove of every one who, taking advantage of this imperial edict, persecutes you, not with loving concern for your correction, but with the malice of an enemy. Moreover, although, since every earthly possession can be rightly retained only on the ground either of divine right, according to which all things belong to the righteous, or of human right, which is in the jurisdiction of the kings of the earth, you are mistaken in calling those things yours which you do not possess as righteous persons, and which you have forfeited by the laws of earthly sovereigns, and plead in vain, “We have laboured to gather them,” seeing that you may read what is written, “The wealth of the sinner is laid up for the just;”839    Prov. xiii. 22. nevertheless we disapprove of any one who, availing himself of this law which the kings of the earth, doing homage to Christ, have published in order to correct your impiety, covetously seeks to possess himself of your property. Also we disapprove of any one who, on the ground not of justice, but of avarice, seizes and retains the provision pertaining to the poor, or the chapels840    Basilicæ. in which you meet for worship, which you once occupied in the name of the Church, and which are by all means the rightful property only of that Church which is the true Church of Christ. We disapprove of any one who receives a person that has been expelled by you for some disgraceful action or crime, on the same terms on which those are received who have lived among you chargeable with no other crime beyond the error through which you are separated from us. But these are things which you cannot easily prove; and although you can prove them, we bear with some whom we are unable to correct or even to punish; and we do not quit the Lord’s threshing-floor because of the chaff which is there, nor break the Lord’s net because of bad fishes enclosed therein, nor desert the Lord’s flock because of goats which are to be in the end separated from it, nor go forth from the Lord’s house because in it there are vessels destined to dishonour.

Chap. XIII.

51. But, my brother, if you forbear seeking the empty honour which comes from men, and despise the reproach of fools, who will be ready to say, “Why do you now destroy what you once laboured to build up?” it seems to me to be beyond doubt that you will now pass over to the Church which I perceive that you acknowledge to be the true Church: the proofs of which sentiment on your part I find at hand. For in the beginning of your letter which I am now answering you have these words: “I knew you, my excellent friend, as a man devoted to peace and uprightness, when you were still far removed from the Christian faith, and were in these earlier days occupied with literary pursuits; but since your conversion at a more recent time to the Christian faith, you give your time and labour, as I am informed by the statements of many persons, to theological controversies.”841    Disputationibus legalibus. These words are undoubtedly your own, if you were the person who sent me that letter. Seeing, therefore, that you confess that I have been converted to the Christian faith, although I have not been converted to the sect of the Donatists or of the Rogatists, you unquestionably uphold the truth that beyond the pale of Rogatists and Donatists the Christian faith exists. This faith therefore is, as we say, spread abroad throughout all nations, which are according to God’s testimony blessed in the seed of Abraham.842    Gen. xxii. 18. Why therefore do you still hesitate to adopt what you perceive to be true, unless it be that you are humbled because at some former time you did not perceive what you now see, or maintained some different view, and so, while ashamed to correct an error, are not ashamed (where shame would be much more reasonable) of remaining wilfully in error?

52. Such conduct the Scripture has not passed over in silence; for we read, “There is a shame which bringeth sin, and there is a shame which is graceful and glorious.”843    Ecclus. iv. 21. Shame brings sin, when through its influence any one forbears from changing a wicked opinion, lest he be supposed to be fickle, or be held as by his own judgment convicted of having been long in error: such persons descend into the pit alive, that is, conscious of their perdition; whose future doom the death of Dathan and Abiram and Korah, swallowed up by the opening earth, long ago prefigured.844    Num. xvi. 31–33. But shame is graceful and glorious when one blushes for his own sin, and by repentance is changed to something better, which you are reluctant to do because overpowered by that false and fatal shame, fearing lest by men who know not whereof they affirm, that sentence of the apostle may be quoted against you: “If I build again the things which I destroyed, I make myself a transgressor.”845    Gal. ii. 18. If, however, this sentence admitted of application to those who, after being corrected, preach the truth which in their perversity they opposed, it might have been said at first against Paul himself, in regard to whom the churches of Christ glorified God when they heard that he now “preached the faith which once he destroyed.”846    Gal. i. 23, 24.

53. Do not, however, imagine that one can pass from error to truth, or from any sin, be it great or small, to the correction of his sin, without giving some proof of his repentance. It is, however, an error of intolerable impertinence for men to blame the Church, which is proved by so many Divine testimonies to be the Church of Christ, for dealing in one way with those who forsake her, receiving them back on condition of correcting this fault by some acknowledgment of their repentance, and in another way with those who never were within her pale, and are receiving welcome to her peace for the first time; her method being to humble the former more fully, and to receive the latter upon easier terms, cherishing affection for both, and ministering with a mother’s love to the health of both.

You have here perhaps a longer letter than you desired. It would have been much shorter if in my reply I had been thinking of you alone; but as it is, even though it should be of no use to yourself, I do not think that it can fail to be of use to those who shall take pains to read it in the fear of God, and without respect of persons. Amen.

EPISTOLA XCIII . Augustinus Vincentii e schismate Rogatiano episcopi Cartennensis epistolam refellens, dicit visum sibi fuisse aliquando, non vi cum haereticis, sed verbo Dei et ratione agendum; verum sententiis aliorum exemplisque superatum mutasse sententiam, et arbitrari leges principum recte implorari adversus hostes fidei, modo id fiat animo corrigendi, non studio vindicandi: aliaque subjicit permulta contra pervicaciam et anabaptismum Donatistarum.

Dilectissimo fratri VINCENTIO, AUGUSTINUS.

CAPUT PRIMUM.

1. Accepi epistolam, quam tuam esse mihi non incredibile visum est: attulit enim eam, quem catholicum christianum esse constaret, qui, ut opinor, mihi mentiri non auderet. Sed etsi forte non sunt litterae tuae, ego ei qui scripsit rescribendum putavi. Nunc me potius quietis esse avidum et petentem, quam tunc cum me adolescentem, vivo adhuc Rogato cui successisti, apud Carthaginem noveras. Sed Donatistae nimium inquieti sunt, quos per ordinatas a Deo potestates cohiberi atque corrigi mihi non videtur inutile. Nam de multorum jam correctione gaudemus, qui tam veraciter unitatem catholicam tenent atque defendunt, et a pristino errore se liberatos esse laetantur, ut eos cum magna gratulatione miremur. Qui tamen nescio qua vi consuetudinis, nullo modo mutari in melius cogitarent, nisi hoc terrore perculsi, sollicitam mentem ad considerationem veritatis intenderent; ne forte si non pro justitia, sed pro perversitate et praesumptione hominum ipsas temporales molestias, infructuosa et vana tolerantia paterentur, apud Deum postea non invenirent nisi debitas poenas impiorum, qui ejus tam lenem admonitionem, et paterna flagella contempserint: ac sic ista cogitatione dociles facti, non in calumniis et fabulis humanis, sed in divinis Libris promissam per omnes gentes invenirent Ecclesiam, quam suis oculis reddi conspicerent, in quibus et Christum praenuntiatum, etiam non visum super coelos esse minime dubitarent. Numquidnam ego istorum saluti invidere debebam, ut collegas meos ab hujusmodi paterna diligentia revocarem, per quam factum est ut multos videamus accusare suam pristinam caecitatem? qui cum super coelos exaltatum Christum, etiam non videntes credebant; gloriam tamen ejus super omnem terram, etiam videntes negabant, cum Propheta utrumque una sententia tanta manifestatione complexus sit, dicens: Exaltare super coelos, Deus, et super omnem terram gloria tua (Psal. CVII, 6).

2. Istos ergo atroces quondam inimicos nostros, pacem 0322 et quietem nostram variis violentiarum et insidiarum generibus gravibus graviter infestantes, si sic contemneremus et toleraremus, ut nihil omnino quod ad eos terrendos ac corrigendos valere posset, excogitaretur et ageretur a nobis, vere malum pro malo redderemus. Si enim quisquam inimicum suum periculosis febribus phreneticum factum, currere videret in praeceps, nonne tunc potius malum pro malo redderet, si eum sic currere permitteret, quam si corripiendum ligandumque curaret? Et tamen tunc ei molestissimus et adversissimus videretur, quando utilissimus et misericordissimus extitisset: sed plane salute reparata tanto uberius ei gratias ageret, quanto sibi eum minus pepercisse sensisset. O si possem tibi ostendere, ex ipsis Circumcellionibus quam multos jam catholicos manifestos habeamus, damnantes suam pristinam vitam, et miserabilem errorem quo se arbitrabantur pro Ecclesia Dei facere quidquid inquieta temeritate faciebant! qui tamen ad hanc sanitatem non perducerentur, nisi legum istarum quae tibi displicent, vinculis tanquam phrenetici ligarentur. Quid illud alterum genus morbi gravissimi eorum, qui turbulentam quidem audaciam non habebant, sed quadam vetusta socordia premebantur, dicentes nobis, Verum quidem dicitis, non est quod respondeatur; sed durum est nobis traditionem parentum relinquere: nonne salubriter regula temporalium molestiarum excutiendi erant, ut tanquam de somno lethargico emergerent, et in salutem unitatis evigilarent? Quam multi ex ipsis nunc nobiscum gaudentes, pristinum pondus perniciosi sui operis accusant, et fatentur nos sibi molestos esse debuisse, ne tanquam mortifero somno, ita morbo veternosae consuetudinis interirent.

3. At enim quibusdam ista non prosunt. Numquid ideo negligenda est medicina, quia nonnullorum est insanabilis pestilentia? Tu non attendis nisi eos qui ita duri sunt, ut nec istam recipiant disciplinam. De talibus enim scriptum est: Frustra flagellavi filios vestros; disciplinam non receperunt (Jer. II, 30). Puto tamen quia dilectione, non odio flagellati sunt Sed debes etiam tam multos attendere, de quorum salute gaudemus. Si enim terrerentur, et non docerentur, improba quasi dominatio videretur. Rursus si docerentur et non terrerentur, vetustate consuetudinis obdurati ad capessendam viam salutis pigrius moverentur; quandoquidem multi, quos bene novimus, reddita sibi ratione et manifestata divinis testimoniis veritate, respondebant nobis, cupere se in Ecclesiae catholicae communionem transire, sed violentas perditorum hominum inimicitias formidare: quas quidem pro justitia et pro aeterna vita utique contemnere debuerunt; sed talium infirmitas, donec firmi efficiantur, sustinenda est, non desperanda. Nec obliviscendum quod ipse Dominus adhuc infirmo Petro ait: Non potes me modo sequi; sequeris autem postea (Joan. XIII, 0323 36). Cum vero terrori utili doctrina salutaris adjungitur, ut non solum tenebras erroris lux veritatis expellat, verum etiam malae consuetudinis vincula vis timoris abrumpat, de multorum, sicut dixi, salute laetamur, benedicentium nobiscum, et gratias agentium Deo quod sua pollicitatione completa, qua reges terrae Christo servituros esse promisit, sic curavit morbidos, sic sanavit infirmos.

CAPUT II.

4. Non omnis qui parcit, amicus est; nec omnis qui verberat, inimicus. Meliora sunt vulnera amici, quam voluntaria oscula inimici (Prov. XXVII, 6). Melius est cum severitate diligere, quam cum lenitate decipere. Utilius esurienti panis tollitur, si de cibo securus justitiam negligat, quam esurienti panis frangitur, ut injustitiae seductus acquiescat. Et qui phreneticum ligat, et qui lethargicum excitat, ambobus molestus, ambos amat. Quis nos potest amplius amare, quam Deus? Et tamen nos non solum docere suaviter, verum etiam salubriter terrere non cessat. Fomentis lenibus quibus consolatur, saepe etiam mordacissimum medicamentum tribulationis adjungens, exercet fame Patriarchas etiam pios et religiosos (Gen. XII, XXVI, XLII, et XLIII), populum contumacem poenis gravioribus agitat, non aufert ab Apostolo stimulum carnis tertio rogatus, ut virtutem in infirmitate perficiat (II Cor. XII, 7-9). Diligamus etiam inimicos nostros, quia hoc justum est, et hoc praecipit Deus, ut simus filii Patris nostri qui in coelis est, qui facit solem suum oriri super bonos et malos, et pluit super justos et injustos (Matth. V, 45). Sed sicut ista dona ejus laudamus, ita etiam flagella ejus in eos quos diligit, cogitemus.

5. Putas neminem debere cogi ad justitiam, cum legas patremfamilias dixisse servis, Quoscumque inveneritis cogite intrare (Luc. XIV, 23); cum legas etiam ipsum primo Saulum, postea Paulum, ad cognoscendam et tenendam veritatem, magna violentia Christi cogentis esse compulsum (Act. IX, 3-7): nisi forte chariorem putas hominibus esse pecuniam, vel qualemlibet possessionem, quam lucem istam, quae oculis carpitur. Hanc ille coelesti prostratus voce subito amissam non recuperavit, nisi cum sanctae incorporaretur Ecclesiae. Et putas nullam vim adhibendam esse homini, ut ab erroris pernicie liberetur; cum ipsum Deum, quo nemo nos utilius diligit, certissimis exemplis hoc facere videas, et Christum audias dicentem, Nemo venit ad me, nisi quem Pater attraxerit (Joan. VI, 44), quod fit in cordibus omnium qui se ad eum divinae iracundiae timore convertunt; et noveris aliquando furem avertendis pecoribus pabulum spargere, et aliquando pastorem flagello ad gregem pecora errantia revocare!

6. Nonne contumacem ancillam data sibi potestate, Sara potius affligebat? Et utique non eam, quam superius beneficio suo matrem fecerat, crudeliter oderat; sed in ea superbiam salubriter edomabat (Gen. XVI, 5). Non autem ignoras, quod istae duae mulieres Sara et Agar, et duo filii earum Isaac et Ismael, pro spiritualibus et carnalibus figurentur. Et cum legamus 0324 ancillam et filium ejus a Sara passos graves molestias, Paulus tamen apostolus dicit quod ab Ismaele persecutionem sit passus Isaac: Sed sicut tunc, inquit, ille qui erat secundum carnem, persequebatur eum qui erat secundum spiritum, ita et nunc (Galat. IV, 29), ut qui possunt, intelligant magis Ecclesiam catholicam persecutionem pati superbia et impietate carnalium, quos temporalibus molestiis atque terroribus emendare conatur. Quidquid ergo facit vera et legitima mater, etiamsi asperum amarumque sentiatur, non malum pro malo reddit; sed bonum disciplinae, expellendo malum iniquitatis, apponit, non odio nocendi, sed dilectione sanandi. Cum boni et mali eadem faciunt, eademque patiuntur, non factis et poenis, sed causis utique discernendi sunt. Pharao populum Dei duris laboribus atterebat (Exod. V, 9); Moyses eumdem populum impie agentem duris coercitionibus affligebat (Id., XXXII, 27): similia fecerunt, sed non similiter prodesse voluerunt; ille dominatione inflatus, iste dilectione inflammatus est. Jezabel occidit Prophetas; Elias occidit pseudoprophetas (III Reg. XVIII, 4, 40): puto quod diversa sint merita facientium, diversa passorum.

7. Aspice etiam tempora Novi Testamenti, quando jam ipsa mansuetudo charitatis non solum in corde erat servanda, verum etiam in luce monstranda; quando Petri gladius in vaginam revocatur a Christo, et ostenditur non debuisse de vagina eximi nec pro Christo (Matth. XXVI, 52). Legimus tamen non solum, quod caeciderunt Judaei Paulum apostolum, verum etiam quod caeciderunt et Graeci pro Paulo apostolo Sosthenem Judaeum (Act. XVI, 22, 23, et XVIII, 17): nonne similitudo facti quasi utrosque conjungit, et tamen eos causae dissimilitudo discernit? Nempe Deus proprio Filio non pepercit, sed pro nobis omnibus tradidit illum (Rom. VIII, 32): nempe de Filio ipso dicitur, Qui me dilexit, et tradidit semetipsum pro me (Galat. II, 20): nempe et de Juda dicitur quod introierit in eum satanas, ut traderet Christum (Joan. XIII, 2). Cum ergo et Pater tradiderit Filium suum, et ipse Christus corpus suum, et Judas Dominum suum, cur in hac traditione Deus est pius, et homo reus, nisi quia in re una quam fecerunt, causa non una est ob quam fecerunt? Tres cruces in loco uno erant; in una, latro liberandus; in alia, latro damnandus; in media, Christus alterum liberaturus, alterum damnaturus: quid similius istis crucibus? quid dissimilius istis pendentibus? Traditus est Paulus includendus et colligandus (Act. XXI, 23, 24), sed quolibet custode carceris pejor est utique satanas; cui tamen ipse Paulus tradidit hominem in interitum carnis, ut spiritus salvus sit in die Domini Jesu (I Cor. V, 5). Et hic quid dicimus? Ecce mitiori tradidit crudelis traditor, crudeliori tradidit misericors traditor. Discamus, frater, in similitudine operum discernere animos operantium, nec clausis oculis calumniemur, et benevolos pro nocentibus accusemus. Item cum ait idem Apostolus 0325 tradidisse se quosdam satanae, ut discerent non blasphemare (I Tim. 1, 20), malum pro malo reddidit, an potius malos etiam per malum emendare, bonum opus esse judicavit ?

8. Si semper esset laudabile persecutionem pati, sufficeret Domino dicere, Beati qui persecutionem patiuntur; nec adderet, propter justitiam (Matth. V, 10). Item si semper esset culpabile persecutionem facere, non scriptum esset in sanctis Libris: Detrahentem proximo suo occulte, hunc persequebar (Psal. C, 5). Aliquando ergo et qui eam patitur, injustus est, et qui eam facit, justus est. Sed plane semper, et mali persecuti sunt bonos, et boni persecuti sunt malos: illi nocendo per injustitiam, illi consulendo per disciplinam; illi immaniter, illi temperanter; illi servientes cupiditati, illi charitati. Nam qui trucidat, non considerat quemadmodum laniet; qui autem curat, considerat quemadmodum secet: ille enim persequitur sanitatem, ille putredinem. Occiderunt impii Prophetas, occiderunt impios et Prophetae. Flagellaverunt Judaei Christum, Judaeos flagellavit et Christus. Traditi sunt Apostoli ab hominibus potestati humanae, tradiderunt et Apostoli homines potestati satanae. In his omnibus quid attenditur, nisi quis eorum pro veritate, quis pro iniquitate, quis nocendi causa, quis emendandi?

CAPUT III.

9. Non invenitur exemplum in evangelicis et apostolicis Litteris, aliquid petitum a regibus terrae pro Ecclesia, contra inimicos Ecclesiae. Quis negat non inveniri? Sed nondum implebatur illa prophetia: Et nunc, reges, intelligite, erudimini qui judicatis terram; servite Domino in timore. Adhuc enim illud implebatur, quod in eodem psalmo paulo superius dicitur: Quare fremuerunt gentes, et populi meditati sunt inania? Astiterunt reges terrae, et principes convenerunt in unum, adversus Dominum, et adversus Christum ejus (Psal. II, 10, 11, 1, 2). Verumtamen si facta praeterita in propheticis libris figurae fuerunt futurorum, in rege illo qui appellabatur Nabuchodonosor, utrumque tempus figuratum est, et quod sub Apostolis habuit, et quod nunc habet Ecclesia. Temporibus itaque Apostolorum et martyrum illud implebatur quod figuratum est, quando rex memoratus pios et justos cogebat adorare simulacrum, et recusantes in flammam mittebat. Nunc autem illud impletur quod paulo post in eodem rege figuratum est, cum conversus ad honorandum Deum verum, decrevit in regno suo ut quicumque blasphemaret Deum Sidrac, Misac, et Abdenago, poenis debitis subjaceret (Dan. III, 96). Prius ergo tempus illius regis significabat priora tempora regum infidelium, quos passi sunt Christiani pro impiis; posterius vero tempus illius regis significavit tempora posteriorum regum jam fidelium, quos patiuntur impii pro Christianis.

10. Sed plane in eis qui sub nomine Christi errant seducti a perversis, ne forte oves Christi sint errantes, et ad gregem taliter revocandae sint, temperata 0326 severitas et magis mansuetudo servatur, ut coercitione exsiliorum atque damnorum, admoneantur considerare quid et quare patiantur, et discant praeponere rumoribus et calumniis hominum Scripturas quas legunt. Quis enim nostrum, quis vestrum non laudat leges ab imperatoribus datas adversus sacrificia Paganorum? Et certe longe ibi poena severior constituta est; illius quippe impietatis capitale supplicium est. De vobis autem corripiendis atque coercendis habita ratio est, quo potius admoneremini ab errore discedere, quam pro scelere puniremini. Potest enim fortasse etiam de vobis dici quod ait Apostolus de Judaeis: Testimonium illis perhibeo quia zelum Dei habent, sed non secundum scientiam. Ignorantes enim Dei justitiam et suam volentes constituere, justitiae Dei non sunt subjecti (Rom. X, 2, 3). Quid enim aliud et vos quam vestram justitiam vultis constituere, quando non dicitis justificari nisi eos qui a vobis potuerint baptizari? In hac ergo apostolica sententia quam de Judaeis protulit, hoc distatis a Judaeis, quod vos habetis Sacramenta christiana, quibus illi adhuc carent. Caeterum ad hoc quod ait, Ignorantes Dei justitiam, et suam volentes constituere, et quod zelum Dei habent, sed non secundum scientiam, pares estis omnino, exceptis duntaxat illis, quicumque in vobis sunt scientes quid verum sit, et pro animositate suae perversitatis, contra veritatem etiam sibi notissimam dimicantes. Horum quippe impietas, etiam idololatriam forsitan superat . Sed quia non facile convinci possunt (in animo namque latet hoc malum), omnes tanquam a nobis minus alieni , leniori severitate coercemini. Et hoc quidem, vel de omnibus haereticis, qui christianis Sacramentis imbuuntur, et a Christi veritate sive unitate dissentiunt, vel Donatistis omnibus dixerim.

11. Quod autem ad vos attinet, qui non solum cum illis communiter Donatistae a Donato, verum etiam proprie Rogatistae a Rogato appellamini, mitiores quidem esse videmini, quia cum Circumcellionum immanissimis gregibus non saevitis; sed nulla bestia, si neminem vulneret, propterea mansueta dicitur, quia dentes et ungues non habet. Saevire vos nolle dicitis; ego non posse arbitror. Ita enim estis numero exigui, ut movere vos contra adversarias vobis multitudines non audeatis, etsi cupiatis. Sed ponamus vos etiam nolle quod non valetis; ponamus vos evangelicam sententiam qua scriptum est, Si quis tibi voluerit tunicam tollere et judicio tecum contendere, dimitte illi et pallium (Matth. V. 40), sic intelligere, sic tenere, ut persequentibus vos non solum nulla injuria, verum etiam nullo jure resistendum putetis; hunc certe intellectum Rogatus auctor vester, aut non habuit, aut non implevit, qui de nescio quibus rebus, ut dicitis vestris, acerrima perseverantia, etiam forensi disceptatione conflixit. Cui si diceretur, Quis unquam Apostolorum in causa fidei, res suas judicio publico defendit? 0327 sicut tu in epistola tua posuisti, Quis unquam Apostolorum in causa fidei res alienas invasit? nullum quidem in divinis Litteris hujus facti reperiret exemplum; sed tamen forte inveniret aliquam veram defensionem, si veram Ecclesiam retineret, et non sub Ecclesiae verae nomine impudenter aliquid possideret.

CAPUT IV.

12. Quod autem pertinet ad terrenarum potestatum jussa, contra schismaticos aut haereticos vel impetranda vel exserenda, illi quidem a quibus vos separastis acerrimi fuerunt, et contra vos, quantum audire potuimus; et contra Maximianistas, quod Gestorum etiam certis documentis probamus: sed tamen nondum ab eis separati eratis , quando Juliano imperatori in sua petitione dixerunt, quod apud eum sola justitia locum haberet; quem certe apostatam noverant, et idololatriis deditum sic videbant, ut aut justitiam esse idololatriam faterentur, aut se scelerate mentitos negare non possent, ut apud eum dicerent solam locum habere justitiam, apud quem magnum locum cernerent habere idololatriam. Sed fuerit error in verbo, de facto ipso quid dicis? Si nihil justum ab imperatore petendum est, cur a Juliano petitum est quod justum putatum est ?

13. An hoc petendum est, ut sua quisque recuperet, non ut aliquem, quo ab imperatore coerceatur, accuset? Interim et in suarum rerum recipiendarum repetitione ab apostolicis exemplis receditur, quia hoc fecisse nemo invenitur illorum. Sed tamen cum majores vestri ipsum Caecilianum tunc Ecclesiae Carthaginensis episcopum, cui tanquam criminoso communicare noluerunt, apud principem Constantinum per Anulinum proconsulem accusaverunt; non res suas amissas repetiverunt, sed innocentem, sicut existimamus et sicut ipse judiciorum exitus docuit, calumniose appetiverunt: quo quid sceleratius ab eis fieri potuit? Si autem, sicut falso arbitramini, vere criminosum judicandum terrenis potestatibus tradiderunt, quid nobis objicitis quod vestrorum praesumptio primitus fecit? quod eos non argueremus quia fecerunt, si non animo invido et noxio, sed emendandi et corrigendi voluntate fecissent. Vos autem indubitanter arguimus, quibus crimen videtur de inimicis communionis nostrae christiano imperatori aliquid conqueri, cum libellus a majoribus vestris Anulino proconsuli datus, et Constantino imperatori mittendus, ita suprascriptus sit: Libellus Ecclesiae catholicae, criminum Caeciliani, traditus a parte Majorini . Illos autem magis hinc arguimus, quia cum apud Imperatorem ultro Caecilianum accusassent , quem primo utique 0328 apud collegas transmarinos convincere debuerunt, ipso Imperatore longe ordinatius agente, ut episcoporum causam ad se delatam, ad episcopos mitteret, nec victi pacem cum fratribus habere voluerunt: sed rursus ad eumdem imperatorem venerunt; rursus non Caecilianum tantum, verum etiam datos sibi episcopos judices, apud terrenum regem accusaverunt; rursus ab alio episcopali judicio ad eumdem imperatorem appellaverunt. Nec eo ipso inter partes cognoscente atque judicante, vel veritati vel paci cedendum esse duxerunt.

14. Quid autem aliud statueret Constantinus adversus Caecilianum et socios ejus, si essent vestris majoribus accusantibus victi, quam quod statuit in eos ipsos, qui cum ultro accusassent, nec ea quae intendebant probare potuissent, noluerunt veritati consentire, nec victi? Ille quippe imperator primus constituit in hac causa, ut res convictorum, et unitati pervicaciter resistentium, fisco vindicarentur. Sed videlicet si vestris majoribus accusantibus atque superantibus, contra communionem Caeciliani imperator tale aliquid decrevisset, provisores Ecclesiae, defensores pacis et unitatis nominari velletis. Cum vero in eos qui ultro accusantes nihil probare potuerunt, nec oblato sibi gremio pacis quo correcti exciperentur, consentire voluerunt, ab imperatoribus talia decernuntur, indignum facinus clamitatur; neminem ad unitatem esse cogendum, malum pro malo reddendum nemini esse contenditur. Quid est aliud quam id quod de vobis quidam scripsit: Quod volumus sanctum est . Et nunc non erat magnum neque difficile considerare atque cogitare Constantini judicium atque sententiam contra vos vigere, quae vestris majoribus Caecilianum apud Imperatorem toties accusantibus, et non convincentibus, adversus vos promulgata est; eamque necessario sequi caeteros imperatores, maxime catholicos christianos, quoties de vobis aliquid agere vestrae obstinationis necessitas cogit.

15. Facile erat ista cogitare, ut vobis ipsis aliquando diceretis: Si Caecilianus vel innocens fuit, vel nocens convinci non potuit, quid in hoc negotio tam longe lateque diffusa societas christiana peccavit? cur orbi christiano non licuit ignorare quod non potuerunt, qui accusaverant, demonstrare? cur illi quos Christus in agro suo, id est in hoc mundo, seminavit, et inter zizania crescere usque ad messem praecepit (Matth. XIII, 24-30.); cur tot millia fidelium in omnibus gentibus, quorum multitudinem stellis coeli et arenae maris Dominus comparavit, quos in semine Abrahae benedicendos promisit (Gen. XXII, 17, 18) et reddidit, propterea negantur esse christiani, quia in hac causa in qua discutienda non interfuerunt, judicibus potius suo periculo judicantibus, quam victis litigatoribus credere maluerunt? Certe nullius crimen maculat nescientem. Quomodo fideles toto orbe diffusi, crimen traditorum cognoscere poterant, quod accusatores 0329 etiamsi noverant, tamen eis ostendere non valebant? Hos ergo ab hoc crimine innocentes esse, nempe ipsa ignorantia facillime ostendit. Cur ergo innocentes falsis criminibus accusantur, quia crimina aliena seu falsa seu vera nescierunt? Quis locus innocentiae reservatur, si crimen est proprium, nescire crimen alienum? Porro si tot gentium populos ipsa ignorantia, sicut dictum est, innocentes ostendit, quam magnum crimen est ab istorum innocentium communione separari? Nam et facta nocentium quae innocentibus demonstrari, vel ab innocentibus credi non possunt, non inquinant quemquam, si propter innocentium consortium etiam cognita sustinentur. Non enim propter malos boni deserendi, sed propter bonos mali tolerandi sunt: sicut toleraverunt Prophetae, contra quos tanta dicebant, nec communionem sacramentorum illius populi relinquebant; sicut ipse Dominus nocentem Judam usque ad condignum ejus exitum toleravit, et eum sacram coenam cum innocentibus communicare permisit; sicut tolerarunt Apostoli eos qui per invidiam, quod ipsius diaboli vitium est, Christum annuntiabant (Philipp. I, 15-18); sicut toleravit Cyprianus collegarum avaritiam, quam secundum Apostolum appellat idololatriam (Coloss. III, 5.) Postremo quidquid tunc inter illos episcopos gestum est, etiamsi forte ab aliquibus eorum sciebatur, si non sit acceptio personarum nunc ab omnibus ignoratur. Cur ergo non ab omnibus pax amatur? Haec facillime cogitare possetis, aut fortasse etiam cogitatis. Sed melius erat ut amaretis possessiones terrenas, quas timendo perdere cognitae veritati consentiretis, quam ut amaretis vanissimam hominum gloriam, quam vos putatis perdere, si cognitae veritati consenseritis.

CAPUT V.

16. Vides itaque jam, ut opinor, non esse considerandum quod quisque cogitur, sed quale sit illud quo cogitur, utrum bonum an malum: non quo quisque bonus possit esse invitus; sed timendo quod non vult pati, vel relinquit impedientem animositatem, vel ignoratam compellitur cognoscere veritatem, ut timens vel respuat falsum de quo contendebat, vel quaerat verum quod nesciebat, et volens teneat jam quod nolebat. Superfluo hoc fortasse diceretur quibuslibet verbis, si non tam multis ostenderetur exemplis. Non illos aut illos homines, sed multas civitates videmus fuisse donatistas, nunc esse catholicas, detestari vehementer diabolicam separationem, diligere ardenter unitatem: quae tamen timoris hujus qui tibi displicet occasionibus, catholicae factae sunt per leges imperatorum, a Constantino apud quem primum vestri ultro Caecilianum accusaverunt, usque ad praesentes imperatores, qui judicium illius quem vestri elegerunt, quem judicibus episcopis praetulerunt, justissime contra vos custodiendum esse decernunt.

17. His ergo exemplis a collegis meis mihi propositis cessi. Nam mea primitus sententia non erat, nisi neminem ad unitatem Christi esse cogendum; verbo esse agendum, disputatione pugnandum, ratione vincendum, 0330 ne fictos catholicos haberemus, quos apertos haereticos noveramus. Sed haec opinio mea, non contradicentium verbis, sed demonstrantium superabatur exemplis. Nam primo mihi opponebatur civitas mea, quae cum tota esset in parte Donati, ad unitatem catholicam timore legum imperialium conversa est; quam nunc videmus ita hujus vestrae animositatis perniciem detestari, ut in ea nunquam fuisse credatur. Ita aliae multae, quae mihi nominatim commemorabantur, ut ipsis rebus agnoscerem etiam in hac causa recte intelligi posse quod scriptum est: Da sapienti occasionem, et sapientior erit (Prov. IX, 9). Quam multi enim, quod certo scimus, jam volebant esse catholici, manifestissima veritate commoti, et offensionem suorum reverendo, quotidie differebant! Quam multos non veritas, in qua nunquam praesumpsistis, sed obduratae consuetudinis grave vinculum colligabat, ut in eis compleretur divina illa sententia: Verbis non emendabitur servus durus; si enim et intellexerit, non obediet (Id. XXIX, 19)! Quam multi propterea putabant veram Ecclesiam esse partem Donati, quia eos ad cognoscendam catholicam veritatem securitas torpidos, fastidiosos, pigrosque faciebat! Quam multis aditum intrandi obserabant rumores maledicorum, qui nescio quid aliud nos in altare Dei ponere jactitabant! Quam multi nihil interesse credentes in qua quisque parte christianus sit, ideo permanebant in parte Donati, quia ibi nati erant, et eos inde discedere atque ad Catholicam nemo transire cogebat!

18. His omnibus harum legum terror, quibus promulgandis reges serviunt Domino in timore, ita profuit, ut nunc alii dicant: Jam hoc volebamus; sed Deo gratias, qui nobis occasionem praebuit jamjamque faciendi, et dilationum morulas amputavit. Alii dicant: Hoc esse verum jam sciebamus; sed nescio qua consuetudine tenebamur: gratias Domino, qui vincula nostra disrupit, et nos ad pacis vinculum transtulit. Alii dicant: Nesciebamus hic esse veritatem, nec eam discere volebamus; sed nos ad eam cognoscendam metus fecit intentos, quo timuimus ne forte sine ullis rerum aeternarum lucris damno rerum temporalium feriremur: gratias Domino, qui negligentiam nostram stimulo terroris excussit, ut saltem solliciti quaereremus quod securi nunquam nosse curavimus. Alii dicant: Nos falsis rumoribus terrebamur intrare, quos falsos esse nesciremus, si non intraremus; nec intraremus, nisi cogeremur: gratias Domino, qui trepidationem nostram flagello abstulit, expertos docuit quam vana et inania de Ecclesia sua mendax fama jactaverit; hinc jam credimus et illa falsa esse, quae auctores hujus haeresis criminati sunt, quando posteri eorum tam falsa et pejora finxerunt. Alii dicant: Putabamus quidem nihil interesse ubi fidem Christi teneremus; sed gratias Domino, qui nos a divisione collegit, et hoc uni Deo congruere, ut in unitate colatur, ostendit.

19. His ergo dominicis lucris impediendis, ad contradicendum me opponerem collegis meis, ne in montibus et collibus vestris, id est in tumoribus superbiae 0331 vestrae, Christi oves errantes in pacis ovile colligerentur, ubi est unus grex et unus pastor (Joan. X, 16)? Ita sane huic provisioni contradicere debui, ne res quas dicitis vestras perderetis, et securi Christum proscriberetis: ut jure Romano testamenta conderetis, et jure divino patribus conditum Testamentum, ubi scriptum est, In semine tuo benedicentur omnes gentes (Gen. XXVI, 4), calumniosis criminationibus rumperetis: ut in emptionibus et venditionibus liberos contractus haberetis, et vobis dividere quod Christus emit venditus auderetis: ut quod quisque vestrum cuiquam donasset, valeret, et quod donavit Deus deorum, a solis ortu usque ad occasum vocatis (Psal. LXIX, 1) filiis non valeret: ut de terra corporis vestri in exsilium non mitteremini, et de regno sanguinis sui, a mari usque ad mare, et a flumine usque ad terminos orbis terrae (Psal. LXXI, 8) Christum exsulem facere conaremini? imo vero serviant reges terrae Christo, etiam leges ferendo pro Christo. Majores vestri Caecilianum et socios ejus regibus terrae puniendos falsis criminibus objecerunt; convertantur leones ad comminuenda ossa calumniantium, nec Daniel ipse intercedat, innocens comprobatus, et de lacu quo illi pereunt liberatus (Dan. XIV, 39-42): qui enim parat proximo suo foveam, ipse justius cadet in eam (Prov. XXVI, 27).

CAPUT VI.

20. Eripe te, frater, dum in hac carne vivis, ab ira quae ventura est pertinacibus et superbis. Terror temporalium potestatum, quando veritatem oppugnat, justis fortibus gloriosa probatio est, infirmis periculosa tentatio: quando autem veritatem praedicat, errantibus cordatis utilis admonitio est, et insensa is inutilis afflictio. Non est tamen potestas nisi a Deo; qui autem resistit potestati, Dei ordinationi resistit: principes enim non sunt timori bono operi, sed malo. Vis autem non timere potestatem? Bonum fac, et habebis laudem ex illa (Rom. XIII, 1-3). Sive enim potestas veritati favens aliquem corrigat, laudem habet ex illa qui fuerit emendatus; sive inimica veritati in aliquem saeviat, laudem habet ex illa qui victor fuerit coronatus. Tu autem non bonum facis, ut timere non debeas potestatem: nisi forte bonum est sedere, et non adversus fratrem detrahere (Psal. XLIX, 20), sed adversus fratres omnes in omnibus gentibus constitutos, quibus testimonium perhibent Prophetae, Christus, Apostoli, cum legitur, In semine tuo benedicentur omnes gentes (Gen. XXVI, 4); cum legitur, Ab ortu solis usque ad occasum sucrificium mundum offertur nomini meo; quoniam glorificatum est nomen meum in gentibus, dicit Dominus (Malach. I, 11); audi, dicit Dominus; non, dicit Donatus, aut Rogatus, aut Vincentius, aut Hilarius, aut Ambrosius, aut Augustinus; sed, dicit Dominus: cum legitur, Et benedicentur in eo omnes tribus terrae, omnes gentes magnificabunt cum. Benedictus Dominus Deus Israel, qui facit mirabilia solus; et benedictum nomen gloriae ejus in aeternum, et in saeculum saeculi: et replebitur gloria ejus 0332omnis terra; fiat, fiat (Psal. LXXI, 17-19). Et tu sedes Cartennis, et cum decem Rogatistis, qui remansistis, dicis: Non fiat, non fiat.

21. Audis loqui Evangelium: Oportebat impleri omnia quae scripta sunt in Lege, et Prophetis, et Psalmis de me. Tunc aperuit illis sensum, ut intelligerent Scripturas, et dixit eis: Quoniam sic scriptum est, et sic oportebat pati Christum, et resurgere a mortuis tertia die, et praedicari in nomine ejus poenitentiam et remissionem peccatorum per omnes gentes, incipientibus ab Jerusalem (Luc. XXIV, 44, 47). Legis etiam Actus Apostolorum, quemadmodum hoc Evangelium coeperit ab Jerusalem, ubi primo illos centum viginti Spiritus sanctus implevit, atque inde in Judaeam atque Samariam, et in omnes gentes exierit, sicut eis dixerat ascensurus in coelum, Eritis mihi testes in Jerusalem, et in tota Judaea et Samaria, et usque in fines terrae (Act. I, 15, 8, et II): quia in omnem terram exivit sonus eorum, et in fines orbis terrae verba eorum (Psal. XVIII, 5). Et tu contradicis divinis testimoniis tanta firmitate roboratis, tanta luce manifestatis, et ad istam proscriptionem Christi haereditatem perducere conaris, ut cum in ejus nomine, sicut dixit, praedicetur poenitentia in omnibus gentibus, quisquis hac fuerit praedicatione commotus, in qualibet parte orbis terrarum, nisi quaesierit et invenerit latentem in Mauritania Caesariensi Cartennensem Vincentium, aut aliquem ex ejus novem aut decem consortibus, dimitti ei peccata non possint. Quid non audeat typhus morticinae pelliculae? quo non se praecipitet praesumptio carnis et sanguinis? Hoccine est bonum opus tuum, propter quod non timeas potestatem? Tantum scandalum ponis adversus filium matris tuae (Psal. XLIX, 20), parvulum scilicet et infirmum, propter quem Christus est mortuus (I Cor. VIII, 11), nondum cibo paterno idoneum, sed adhuc materno lacte nutriendum (Id. III, 2): et Hilarii libros mihi opponis, uti neges Ecclesiam crescentem in omnibus gentibus usque in finem saeculi, quam Deus contra incredulitatem vestram cum juratione promisit! Et cum essetis infelicissimi, si tunc quando promittebatur resisteretis, nunc etiam cum redditur contradicitis.

CAPUT VII.

22. Sed historicus doctus magnum aliquid invenisti, quod contra Dei testimonia proferendum putares. Dicis enim, Quantum ad totius mundi pertinet partes, modica pars est in compensatione totius mundi, in qua fides christiana nominatur: nec vis attendere, aut te nosse dissimulas, in quam multas jam barbaras nationes tam parvo tempore venerit Evangelium, ut nec inimici Christi dubitare jam possint brevi tempore futurum, quod Discipulis respondit de saeculi fine quaerentibus, Et praedicabitur hoc Evangelium in universo orbe, in testimonium omnibus gentibus; et tunc veniet finis (Matth. XXIV, 14). In hoc et clama et contende, quantum potes, etiamsi apud Persas et Indos Evangelium praedicetur, ubi quidem jam diu praedicatur, nisi quisquis hoc audierit, Cartennas venerit, vel in viciniam Cartennensium, mundari omnino a delictis suis non poterit. Itane si carueris 0333 ista voce, rideri te metuis; et cum ea non careas, fleri te non vis?

23. Acutum autem aliquid tibi videris dicere, cum Catholicae nomen non ex totius orbis communione interpretaris, sed ex observatione praeceptorum omnium divinorum, atque omnium Sacramentorum: quasi nos, etiamsi forte hinc sit appellata Catholica, quod totum veraciter teneat, cujus veritatis nonnullae particulae etiam in diversis inveniuntur haeresibus, hujus nominis testimonio nitamur ad demonstrandum Ecclesiam in omnibus gentibus, et non promissis Dei et tam multis tamque manifestis oraculis ipsius veritatis. Sed nempe hoc est totum quod nobis persuadere conaris, solos remansisse Rogatistas, qui catholici recte appellandi sint, ex observatione praeceptorum omnium divinorum atque omnium Sacramentorum; et vos esse solos, in quibus inveniat fidem cum venerit Filius hominis (Luc. XVIII, 8). Da veniam, non credimus. Licet enim et hoc audeas forsitan dicere, ut in vobis possit inveniri fides, quam se in terra non inventurum Dominus dixit, non vos in terra, sed in coelo esse deputandos: nos tamen Apostolus ita cautos reddidit, ut etiam Angelum de coelo nobis aliud evangelizantem, praeterquam quod accepimus, anathema debere esse praeceperit (Gal. I, 8). Quomodo autem confidimus ex divinis Litteris accepisse nos Christum manifestum, si non inde accepimus et Ecclesiam manifestam? Quaslibet quisque ansas et uncos adversus simplicitatem veritatis intexat, quaslibet nebulas callidae falsitatis offundat, sicut anathema erit, qui annuntiaverit Christum neque passum esse, neque tertia die resurrexisse; quoniam in veritate evangelica accepimus, Oportebat Christum pati, et resurgere a mortuis tertia die (Luc. XXIV, 46): sic erit anathema quisquis annuntiaverit Ecclesiam praeter communionem omnium gentium; quia eadem veritate consequenter accepimus, et praedicari in nomine ejus poenitentiam et remissionem peccatorum per omnes gentes, incipientibus ab Jerusalem, et inconcusse tenere debemus quisquis vobis annuntiaverit praeterquam quod accepistis, anathema sit (Ibid., 47).

CAPUT VIII.

24. Si autem universos Donatistas non audimus se pro Ecclesia Christi supponentes , quia nullum pro se testimonium de divinis Libris proferunt quo id doceant, quanto minus, rogo te, Rogatistas audire debemus, qui nec illud pro se interpretari conabuntur quod scriptum est: Ubi pascis, ubi cubas in meridie (Cant. I, 6)? Si enim hoc loco Scripturarum meridies Africa intelligenda est in parte Donati, quod sub coeli ferventiori plaga est, omnes vos Maximianistae superabunt, quorum schisma in Byzantio et in Tripolio exarsit. Sed confligant cum eis Arzuges, et hoc magis ad se pertinere contendant: Mauritania tamen Caesariensis, occidentali quam meridianae parti vicinior, quando nec Africam se vult dici, quomodo de meridie gloriabitur, non dico adversus orbem terrarum, sed adversus ipsam partem Donati, unde pars Rogati, brevissimum frustum do 0334 frusto majore praecisum est? Quis autem non impudentissime nitatur aliquid in allegoria positum pro se interpretari, nisi habeat et manifesta testimonia, quorum lumine illustrentur obscura?

25. Quod autem omnibus Donatistis dicere solemus, quanto vobis fortius dicimus: Si possunt, quod fieri non potest, aliqui habere causam justam, qua communionem suam separent a communione orbis terrarum, eamque appellent Ecclesiam Christi, quod se juste ab omnium gentium communione separaverint; unde scitis in christiana societate, tam longe lateque diffusa, ne forte antequam vos separaretis, jam se aliqui justa causa separaverant in longinquissimis terris, unde ad vos eorum justitiae fama non potuerit pervenire? Quomodo in vobis potest esse Ecclesia, potius quam in illis qui se priores forte separaverunt? Ita fit ut cum hoc nescitis, incerti vobismetipsis sitis: quod necesse est contingat omnibus qui pro sua societate utuntur testimonio non divino, sed suo. Neque enim potestis dicere, Si hoc contigisset, nos latere non posset, cum in Africa ipsa, quot jam partes factae sint ex parte Donati, si interrogemini, non dicatis: praesertim quia tanto sibi videntur qui hoc faciunt justiores, quanto fuerint pauciores; et utique tanto sunt latentiores. Ac per hoc incerti estis, ne forte aliqui pauci justi, et ideo minime noti, alicubi longe contra Africae meridiem, antequam pars Donati justitiam suam a caeterorum hominum iniquitate secerneret, se primitus causa aequissima separaverint in latere aquilonis, et ipsa sit potius Ecclesia Dei tanquam Sion spiritualis, quae vos omnes justa separatione praevenit, multoque praesumptius oro se interpretetur, quod scriptum est, Mons Sion, latera aquilonis, civitas regis magni (Psal. XLVII, 3), quam pro se interpretatur pars Donati, Ubi pascis, ubi cubas in meridie (Cant. I, 6).

26. Et tamen vereris ne, cum imperialibus legibus ad unitatem cogimini, nomen Dei a Judaeis et Paganis diutius blasphemetur: quasi nesciant Judaei quemadmodum primus populus Israel etiam bello delere voluerit duas illas tribus et dimidiam, quae ultra Jordanem terras acceperant, quando eas putaverunt se ab unitate sui populi separasse (Josue XXII, 9 12). Pagani vero magis nos blasphemare possunt de legibus quas contra idolorum cultores christiani imperatores tulerunt; et tamen ex eis multi correcti, et ad Deum vivum verumque conversi sunt, et quotidie convertuntur. Sed plane et Judaei et Pagani, si tam paucos putarent esse Christianos, quam pauci vos estis, qui solos vos Christianos esse perhibetis, nec blasphemare nos dignarentur, sed nunquam ridere cessarent. Non timetis ne vobis dicant Judaei: Ubi est quod Paulus vester Ecclesiam vestram intelligit, ubi dictum est, Laetare sterilis, quae non paris, erumpe et exclama, quae non parturis; quoniam multi filii desertae, magis quam ejus quae habet virum (Gal. IV, 27), praeponens multitudinem Christianorum multitudini Judaeorum, si Christi Ecclesia est paucitas vestra? Hoccine illis dicturi estis, Ideo magis justi sumus, quia pauci 0335 sumus; nec attenditis eos responsuros, Quotlibet vos esse dicatis, non tamen estis illi de quibus dictum est, Multi filii desertae, si tam exigui numero remansistis?

27. Hic tu oppositurus es exemplum justi illius in diluvio, qui cum domo sua solus liberari dignus inventus est. Vides ergo quam longe sis adhuc a justitia? Prorsus donec ad septem remaneas, quibus tu sis octavus, justum te esse non dicimus; si tamen non istam justitiam, sicut dicebam, praeripuit aliquis ante partem Donati, et cum suis septem justa aliqua causa commotus, se longe alibi separavit, et a mundi hujus diluvio liberavit. Quod cum ignoretis an factum sit, atque ita vobis inauditum, sicut multis populis Christianorum in longinquis terris constitutorum nomen Donati inauditum est, incerti estis ubi sit Ecclesia. Ibi enim erit, ubi primum forsitan factum est quod postea vos fecistis, si potuit esse ulla justa causa, qua vos a communione omnium gentium separare possetis.

CAPUT IX.

28. Nos autem ideo certi sumus, neminem se a communione omnium gentium juste separare potuisse, quia non quisque nostrum in justitia sua, sed in Scripturis divinis quaerit Ecclesiam, et ut promissa est, reddi conspicit. Ipsa est enim de qua dicitur, Sicut lilium in medio spinarum, ita proxima mea in medio filiarum (Cant. II, 2): quae nec spinae dici possunt, nisi malignitate morum; nec filiae, nisi communione Sacramentorum. Ipsa est enim quae dicit: A finibus terrae ad te clamavi, cum anxiaretur cor meum (Psal. LX, 3). Quae in alio psalmo dicit, Taedium detinuit me a peccatoribus derelinquentibus legem tuam; et, Vidi insensatos, et tabescebam (Psal. CXVIII, 53, 158). Ipsa est quae dicit sponso suo: Ubi pascis, ubi cubas in meridie; ne forte fiam sicut operta super greges sodalium tuorum (Cant. I, 6). Id est quod alibi dicitur, Dexteram tuam notam fac mihi, et eruditos corde in sapientia (Psal. LXXXIX, 12): in quibus luce fulgentibus et charitate ferventibus quasi in meridie requiescis; ne forte velut operta, id est occulta et ignota, irruam non in gregem tuum, sed in greges sodalium tuorum, id est haereticorum. Quos ita sodales dicit, sicut spinas illas filias, propter communionem Sacramentorum. De quibus alibi dicitur, Tu vero unanimis meus, et dux meus, et notus meus, qui simul mecum dulces capiebas cibos; in domo Domini ambulavimus cum consensu. Veniat mors super illos, et descendant in infernum viventes (Psal. LIV, 14-16), sicut Dathan et Abiron, impiae separationis auctores.

29. Ipsa est cui continuo respondetur: Nisi cognoveris temetipsam, o pulchra inter mulieres, exi tu in vestigiis gregum, et pasce haedos tuos in tabernaculis pastorum (Cant. I, 7). O responsio dulcissimi sponsi! Nisi cognoveris temetipsam, inquit: quia utique non potest civitas abscondi supra montem constituta (Matth. V, 14); et ideo non es operta, ut incurras in greges sodalium meorum . Ego enim sum mons paratus 0336 in cacumine montium, ad quem venient universae gentes (Isai. II, 2): Nisi ergo cognoveris temetipsam, non in verbis calumniosorum, sed in testimoniis Librorum meorum. Nisi cognoveris temetipsam, quia de te dictum est: Porrige longius funiculos, et palos validos confirma: etiam atque etiam in dexteram atque sinistram extende. Semen enim tuum haereditabit gentes, et civitates quae desertae erant, inhabitabis. Non est quod metuas, praevalebis enim; nec erubescas quod detestabilis fueris. Confusionem enim in perpetuum oblivisceris; ignominiae viduitatis tuae non eris memor. Ego enim sum Dominus qui facio te, Dominus nomen ei. Et qui eruit te, ipse Deus Israel universae terrae vocabitur (Id. LIV, 2-5). Nisi cognoveris temetipsam, o pulchra inter mulieres; quia de te dictum est, Concupivit rex speciem tuam; quia de te dictum est, Pro patribus tuis nati sunt tibi filii; constitues eos principes super omnem terram (Psal. XLIV, 12, 17). Nisi ergo cognoveris temetipsam, exi tu (Cant. I, 7); non ego te ejicio, sed exi tu, ut dicatur de te: Ex nobis exierunt; sed non erant ex nobis (I Joan. II, 19). Exi tu in vestigiis gregum, non in vestigiis meis, sed in vestigiis gregum; nec unius gregis, sed gregum divisorum et errantium. Et pasce haedos tuos: non sicut Petrus, cui dicitur, Pasce oves meas (Joan. XXI, 17); sed pasce haedos tuos in tabernaculis pastorum, non in tabernaculo pastoris, ubi est unus grex et unus pastor (Id. X, 16). Cognoscit enim semetipsam, ne hoc ei contingat, quia hoc contigit eis qui se in illa non cognoverunt.

30. Ipsa est de cujus paucitate dicitur in comparatione plurimorum malorum, quia angusta et arcta via est quae ducit ad vitam, et pauci sunt qui ambulant in ea (Matth. VII, 14). Et rursus ipsa est de cujus multitudine dicitur: Sic erit semen tuum, sicut stellae coeli, et sicut arena maris (Gen. XXII, 17). Iidem quippe fideles sancti et boni, et in comparatione plurium malorum pauci sunt, et per se ipsi multi sunt: quia multi filii desertae, magis quam ejus quae habet virum; et multi ab oriente et occidente venient, et recumbent cum Abraham, Isaac et Jacob in regno coelorum (Matth. VIII, 11); et quia exhibet sibi Deus populum abundantem, aemulatorem bonorum operum (Tit. II, 14); et multa millia quae numerare nemo potest, videntur in Apocalypsi, ex omni tribu et lingua, in stolis albis palmisque victricibus (Apoc. VII, 9). Ipsa est quae aliquando obscuratur, et tanquam obnubilatur multitudine scandalorum, quando peccatores intendunt arcum, ut sagittent in obscura luna rectos corde (Psal. X, 3). Sed etiam tunc in suis firmissimis eminet. Et si aliqua in his verbis divinis distributio facienda est, fortasse non frustra dictum sit de semine Abrahae, Sicut stellae coeli, et sicut arena, quae est ad oram maris: ut in stellis coeli pauciores, firmiores, clarioresque intelligantur; in arena autem maritimi littoris magna multitudo infirmorum atque carnalium, quae aliquando tranquillitate temporis quieta et libera apparet, aliquando autem tribulationum et tentationum fluctibus operitur atque turbatur.

31. Tale tunc erat tempus de quo scripsit Hilarius 0337 , unde putasti insidiandum contra testimonia tot divina, tanquam perierit Ecclesia de orbe terrarum. Potes hoc modo dicere nec tot Ecclesias Galatiae tunc fuisse, quando dicebat Apostolus: O stulti Galatae, quis vos fascinavit, ut cum spiritu coeperitis, nunc carne consummemini (Gal. III, 1)? Sic enim calumniaris docto viro, qui tardicordes et timidos graviter increpabat, quos iterum parturiebat, donec Christus formaretur in eis (Id. IV, 19). Quis enim nescit illo tempore obscuris verbis multos parvi sensus fuisse delusos, ut putarent hoc credi ab Arianis, quod etiam ipsi credebant: alios autem timore cessisse et simulate consensisse, non recte ingredientes ad veritatem Evangelii, quibus tu postea correctis, sic quemadmodum ignotum est, nolles ignosci? Prorsus non nosti Litteras Dei. Lege enim quid de Petro scripserit Paulus, et quid inde etiam senserit Cyprianus; et non tibi displiceat Ecclesiae mansuetudo, quae membra Christi dispersa colligit, non collecta dispergit: quanquam et illi, qui tunc firmissimi fuerunt, et verba haereticorum insidiosa intelligere potuerunt, pauci quidem in comparatione caeterorum, sed tamen etiam ipsi quidam pro fide fortiter exsulabant, quidam toto orbe latitabant. Ac sic Ecclesia quae per omnes gentes crescit, in frumentis dominicis conservata est, et usque in finem, donec omnino gentes omnes, etiam barbaras teneat, conservabitur. Ipsa est enim Ecclesia in bono semine quod seminavit Filius hominis, et usque ad messem crescere inter zizania, praenuntiavit. Ager autem mundus est, messis finis est saeculi (Matth. XIII, 24-39).

32. Hilarius ergo decem provinciarum Asianarum aut zizania non triticum arguebat, aut ipsum etiam triticum quod defectu quodam periclitabatur, quanto vehementius, tanto utilius arguendum putabat. Habent enim etiam Scripturae canonicae hunc arguendi morem, ut tanquam omnibus dicatur, et ad quosdam verbum perveniat. Quod enim Apostolus dicit ad Corinthios: Quomodo dicunt quidam in vobis, quia resurrectio mortuorum non est (I Cor. XV, 12)? manifestat utique non omnes esse tales, verumtamen et tales non extra, sed in eis fuisse testatur: a quibus ne illi seducerentur, qui non ita sentiebant, paulo post monuit dicens, Nolite seduci: corrumpunt mores bonos colloquia mala. Sobrii estote, justi , et nolite peccare: ignorantiam enim Dei quidam habent; ad reverentiam vobis loquor (Id., 33, 34). Quod autem dicit, Cum enim sint inter vos aemulatio et contentio, nonne estis carnales, et secundum hominem ambulatis (Id. III, 3)? tanquam omnibus dicit; et vides quam sit grave quod dicit. Proinde nisi in ipsa Epistola legeremus, Gratias ago Deo meo semper pro vobis, in gratia Dei quae data 0338est vobis in Christo Jesu, quia in omnibus ditati estis in illo, in omni verbo et in omni scientia, sicut testimonium Christi confirmatum est in vobis, ita ut nihil desit vobis in ulla gratia (I Cor. I, 4-7), putaremus omnes Corinthios carnales et animales, non percipientes quae sunt spiritus Dei (Id. II, 14), contentiosos, aemulos, secundum hominem ambulantes. Itaque et totus mundus in maligno positus est (I Joan. V, 19), propter zizania quae sunt per totum mundum; et Christus propitiator est peccatorum nostrorum, non tantum nostrorum, sed et totius mundi (Id. II, 2), propter triticum quod est per totum mundum.

33. Refrigescit autem charitas multorum propter scandalorum abunduntiam, quanto magis magisque glorificato Christi nomine congregantur in communionem Sacramentorum ejus etiam maligni, et perseveranter omnino perversi, sed tamen tanquam palea de arca dominica nonnisi ultima ventilatione separandi (Matth. III, 12). Non exstinguunt isti frumenta dominica, in eorum quidem comparatione pauca, sed multa per seipsa; non exstinguunt electos Dei congregandos in fine saeculi, sicut Evangelium loquitur, a quatuor ventis, a summis coelorum usque ad terminos eorum (Id. XXIV, 31). Ipsorum enim vox est: Salvum me fac, Domine, quoniam defecit sanctus, quoniam diminutae sunt veritates a filiis hominum (Psal. XI, 2): de quibus et Dominus dicit, inter abundantiam iniquitatis, qui perseveraverit usque in finem, hic salvus erit (Matth. XXIV, 12, 13). Denique non unum hominem, sed plures in eodem psalmo loqui consequentia docent, ubi dicitur: Tu, Domine, servabis nos, et custodies nos a generatione hac in aeternum (Psal. XI, 2, 8). Propter hanc enim abundantiam iniquitatis, quam Dominus futuram esse praedixit, etiam illud positum est: Cum venerit Filius hominis, putas inveniet fidem in terra (Luc. XVIII, 8)? Dubitatio enim cuncta scientis nostram in illo dubitationem praefiguravit, quando Ecclesia ex multis de quibus multum speravit, saepe decepta, quod aliter quam credebantur inventi sunt, sic perturbatur in suis, ut de nullo facile boni aliquid velit credere. Ipsos tamen quorum inventurus est fidem in terra, per totum agrum cum zizaniis crescere, dubitare fas non est.

34. Ipsa est ergo Ecclesia, quae intra sagenam dominicam cum malis piscibus natat, a quibus corde semper et moribus separatur atque discedit, ut exhibeatur viro suo gloriosa, non habens maculam neque rugam (Eph. V, 27). Corporalem autem separationem in littore maris, hoc est, in fine saeculi exspectat (Matth. XIII, 47-49), corrigens quos potest, tolerans quos corrigere non potest: non tamen propter eorum quos non corrigit iniquitatem, ipsa bonorum deserit mitatem.

CAPUT X.

35. Noli ergo, frater, contra divina tam multa, tam clara, tam indubitata testimonia, colligere velle calumnias ex episcoporum scriptis, sive nostrorum, sicut Hilarii; sive antequam pars Donati separaretur, ipsius unitatis, sicut Cypriani et Agrippini: primo, quia hoc genus litterarum ab auctoritate 0339 canonis distinguendum est. Non enim sic leguntur, tanquam ita ex eis testimonium proferatur, ut contra sentire non liceat, sicubi forte aliter sapuerunt quam veritas postulat. In eo quippe numero sumus, ut non dedignemur etiam nobis dictum ab Apostolo accipere, Et si quid aliter sapitis, id quoque Deus vobis revelabit. Verumtamen in quod pervenimus, in eo ambulemus (Philippe. III, 15, 16); in illa via scilicet, quae est Christus: de qua via ita Psalmus loquitur Deus misereatur nostri, et benedicat nobis; illuminet vultum suum super nos, ut cognoscamus in terra viam tuam, in omnibus gentibus salutare tuum (Psal. LXV, 2, 3).

36. Deinde si sancti Cypriani episcopi et gloriosi martyris te delectat auctoritas, quam quidem sicut dixi, a canonica auctoritate distinguimus; cur in eo te non delectat, quod unitatem orbis terrae atque omnium gentium, et diligendo tenuit, et disputando defendit: quod eos qui se tanquam justos ab ea separare voluissent, arrogantissimos et superbissimos judicavit, irridens eos hoc sibi assumere, quod nec Apostolis concessit Dominus, ut ante tempus zizania colligerent, aut tanquam ipsis paleam ferre et aream purgare concessum sit, paleas conarentur a tritico separare: quod unumquemque peccatis alienis maculari non posse monstravit, quam sibi omnes impiae seditionis auctores solam causam separationis assumunt: quod in eo ipso, in quo aliter sapuit, collegas diversa sentientes, nec judicandos, nec a jure communionis amovendos esse decrevit: quod in ea ipsa epistola ad Jubaianum, quae in concilio , cujus auctoritatem ad rebaptizandum sequi vos dicitis, primitus recitata est, cum fateatur in praeteritum sic esse admissos in Ecclesiam qui fuerant alibi baptizati, ut denuo non baptizarentur, unde illos sine Baptismo fuisse arbitratur; tantum tamen ponit utilitatis et salubritatis in pace Ecclesiae, ut propter illam non eos credat ab Ecclesiae muneribus separari?

37. Qua in re, sicut ingenium tuum novi, facillime perspicis totam causam vestram penitus eversam et exstinctam. Si enim Sacramenta cum peccatoribus communicando, sicut putatis, periit Ecclesia quae fuerat in orbe terrarum (nam vos ideo separastis), jam prius tota perierat, cum, sicut dicit Cyprianus, in eam sine Baptismo admittebantur: ac sic nec ipse Cyprianus habebat in qua Ecclesia nasceretur; quanto magis multo posterior vester auctor paterque Donatus? Si autem illo tempore, cum in eam sine Baptismo admittebantur, erat tamen Ecclesia, quae pareret Cyprianum, pareret et Donatum, manifestum est non contaminari justos alienis peccatis, quando cum eis Sacramenta communicant. Ac per hoc separationem qua existis ab unitate, qua excusatione possitis abluere non habetis, impleturque in vobis sanctae Scripturae illud oraculum: Filius malus ipse se justum dicit, exitum autem suum non abluit .

0340 38. Meritis autem Cypriani sic non aequatur, qui propter paria Sacramenta nec ipsos haereticos audet rebaptizare, sicut non aequatur meritis Petri, quisquis non cogit gentes judaizare. Sed illa Petri non tantum claudicatio, verum etiam correctio Scripturis canonicis continetur: Cyprianus autem sensisse aliter de Baptismo, quam forma et consuetudo habebat Ecclesiae, non in canonicis, sed in suis et in concilii litteris invenitur; correxisse autem istam sententiam non invenitur, non incongruenter tamen de tali viro existimandum est quod correxerit, et fortasse suppressum sit ab eis qui hoc errore nimium delectati sunt, et tanto velut patrocinio carere noluerunt. Quanquam non desint qui hoc Cyprianum prorsus non sensisse contendant, sed sub ejus nomine a praesumptoribus atque mendacibus fuisse confictum. Neque enim sic potuit integritas atque notitia litterarum unius quamlibet illustris episcopi custodiri, quemadmodum Scriptura canonica, tot linguarum litteris, et ordine, et successione celebrationis ecclesiasticae custoditur, contra quam tamen non defuerunt, qui sub nominibus Apostolorum multa confingerent: frustra quidem, quia illa sic commendata, sic celebrata, sic nota est; verum quid possit adversus litteras, non canonica auctoritate fundatas, etiam hinc demonstravit impiae conatus audaciae, quod et adversus eas quae tanta notitiae mole firmatae sunt, sese erigere non praetermisit.

39. Nos tamen duas ob res, non negamus illud sensisse Cyprianum: quod et stilus ejus habet quamdam propriam faciem qua possit agnosci; et quod ibi magis contra vos nostra causa demonstratur invictior, vestraeque separationis praesumptio, videlicet ne macularemini peccatis alienis, tota facilitate subvertitur, cum apparet in Litteris Cypriani, communicata esse cum peccatoribus Sacramenta, cum admissi sunt in Ecclesiam, qui secundum vestram, et sicut vultis, illius sententiam, Baptismum non habebant, et tamen Ecclesiam non perisse, sed in sui generis dignitate per totum orbem sparsa dominica frumenta mansisse. Ac per hoc si perturbati tanquam ad aliquem portum sic ad auctoritatem Cypriani confugitis, videtis quem illic scopulum vester error offendat; si autem jam nec illuc confugere audetis, sine ullo luctamine naufragatis.

40. Porro autem Cyprianus, aut non sensit omnino quod eum sensisse recitatis; aut hoc postea correxit in regula veritatis; aut hunc quasi naevum sui candidissimi pectoris cooperuit ubere charitatis, dum unitatem Ecclesiae toto orbe crescentis, et copiosissime defendit, et perseverantissime tenuit vinculum pacis: scriptum est enim, Charitas cooperit multitudinem peccatorum (I Petr. IV, 8). Accessit huc etiam, quod tanquam sarmentum fructuosissimum, si quid in eo fuerat emendandum, purgavit Pater falce passionis: Sarmentum 0341enim, ait Dominus, quod in me dat fructum, purgat illud Pater meus, ut majorem fructum afferat (Joan. XV, 2). Unde, nisi quia haerens in diffusione vitis, radicem non deseruit unitatis? Nam etsi traderet corpus suum ut arderet, charitatem autem non haberet, nihil ei prodesset (I Cor. XIII, 3).

41. Attende adhuc paululum in Litteras Cypriani, ut advertas quam inexcusabilem ostenderit, qui se voluerit ab unitate Ecclesiae (quam Deus in omnibus gentibus promisit et reddidit), quasi justitiae suae causa separare, magisque intelligas quam sit vera sententia paulo ante a me commemorata: Filius malus ipse se justum dicit, exitum autem suum non abluit. Ponit in quadam epistola sua quam scripsit ad Antonianum, rem quamdam satis rei de qua nunc agimus necessariam; sed melius ejus verba inserimus. Antecessores, inquit, nostri quidam de episcopis isthic in provincia nostra, dandam pacem moechis non putaverunt, et in totum poenitentiae locum contra adulteria clauserunt: non tamen a coepiscoporum suorum collegio recesserunt, aut catholicae Ecclesiae unitatem vel duritie vel censurae suae obstinatione ruperunt, ut quia apud alios adulteris pax dabatur, qui non dabat, de Ecclesia separaretur. Manente concordiae vinculo, et perseverante catholicae Ecclesiae individuo sacramento, actum suum disponit et dirigit unusquisque episcopus, rationem propositi sui Domino redditurus (Epist. 52). Quid ad haec dicis, frater Vincenti? Nempe intueris hunc tantum virum, pacificum episcopum, et fortissimum martyrem nihil vehementius sategisse, quam ne unitatis vinculum rumperetur. Vides eum parturientem, non solum ut parvuli in Christo concepti nascantur, verum etiam ne jam nati, de sinu matris excussi, moriantur.

42. Porro autem ipsam rem quam contra impios separatores commemoravit, attende. Si adulteris communicabant, qui poenitentibus adulteris pacem dabant, numquid illi hoc non faciebant, collegio maculabantur istorum? si autem, quod veritas habet, et quod Ecclesia merito tenet, recte poenitentibus adulteris pax dabatur, illi qui in totum locum poenitentiae contra adulteros claudebant, impie utique agebant, qui membris Christi sanitatem negabant, et claves Ecclesiae pulsantibus subtrahebant, et misericordissimae patientiae Dei, quae illos propterea sinebat vivere, ut poenitendo sanarentur sacrificio contriti spiritus et contribulati cordis oblato, dura crudelitate contradicebant. Nec tamen istos misericordes et pacificos, cum eis christiana Sacramenta communicantes, et eos intra unitatis retia tolerantes, donec ad littus perducti separarentur, tam immanis eorum error et impietas inquinabat; aut si inquinabat, jam tunc Ecclesia malorum communione deleta est, nec erat quae pareret ipsum Cyprianum. Si autem, quod certum est, permansit Ecclesia, certum est etiam peccatis alienis, in unitate Christi neminem posse maculari, non malorum factis consentientem, ne ipsis peccatis communicando polluatur, sed propter societatem bonorum, malos tanquam paleas usque ad ultimam ventilationem in area dominica tolerantem. Quae cum 0342 ita sint, ubi est praesumptio separationis vestrae? Nonne filii mali estis; ipsi vos justos dicitis, exitum autem vestrum non abluitis?

43. Jam si velim et illa commemorare quae Tychonius, homo communionis vestrae, scriptis suis inserit, qui magis contra vos pro Ecclesia catholica scripsit, frustra se ab Afrorum, quasi traditorum communione secernens, quo uno eum Parmenianus suffocat; quid respondere poteritis, nisi quod de vobis idem Tychonius dixit, et ego paulo ante recolui: Quod volumus sanctum est? Scribit enim ille Tychonius, homo, ut dixi, vestrae communionis, a ducentis et septuaginta episcopis vestris concilium Carthagini celebratum : in quo concilio per septuaginta et quinque dies postpositis omnibus praeteritis, limatam esse sententiam atque decretam, ut traditoribus immensi criminis reis, si baptizari nollent, pro integris communicaretur. Deuterium etiam Macrianensem episcopum communionis vestrae, dicit traditorum plebem congregatam Ecclesiae miscuisse, et secundum statuta illius concilii a ducentis et septuaginta episcopis vestris facti, fecisse cum traditoribus unitatem eique Deuterio post hoc factum jugiter communicasse Donatum; nec solum huic Deuterio, sed etiam universis Maurorum episcopis per quadraginta annos, quos dicit usque ad persecutionem per Macarium factam traditoribus sine Baptismo communicasse.

44. Sed dicis: Quis mihi est iste Tychonius? Ille est Tychonius, quem Parmenianus rescribendo compescit, et eum deterret ne talia scribat: non tamen refellit ea ipsa quae scribit; sed uno, sicut supra dixi, eum premit, quod cum talia diceret de Ecclesia toto orbe diffusa, et quod neminem in ejus unitate macularent aliena peccata, ab Afrorum se tamen quasi traditorum contagione removebat, et erat in parte Donati. Posset autem dicere Parmenianus, ista eum omnia esse mentitum; sed, sicut idem Tychonius commemorat, adhuc vivebant multi, per quos haec certissima et apertissima esse ostenderentur.

45. Sed de his tacco: contende Tychonium esse mentitum; ad Cyprianum te revoco, cujus mentionem ipse fecisti. Prorsus secundum scripta Cypriani, si peccatis alienis in unitate quisque maculatur, jam ante Cyprianum periit Ecclesia, nec erat unde existeret ipse Cyprianus. Si autem hoc sentire sacrilegum est, 0343 et certum est Ecclesiam permanere; nemo alienis peccatis in ejus unitate maculatur; frustra filii mali justos vos dicitis, exitum vestrum non abluitis, non purgatis.

CAPUT XI.

46. Cur ergo, inquis, nos quaeritis? cur sic suscipitis quos haereticos dicitis? Vide quam facile breviterque respondeam. Quaerimus vos quia peristis, ut de inventis gaudeamus, de quibus perditis dolebamus. Haereticos autem vos esse dicimus; sed antequam ad pacem catholicam convertamini, antequam errore, quo irretiti estis, exuamini. Cum autem transitis ad nos, prius utique relinquitis quod eratis, ne ad nos haeretici transeatis. Baptiza ergo me, inquis. Facerem, si baptizatus non esses, aut si Donati vel Rogati, non Christi baptismo baptizatus esses. Non Sacramenta christiana faciunt te haereticum, sed prava dissensio. Non propter malum quod processit ex te, negandum est bonum quod remansit in te, quod malo tuo habes, si non ibi habes unde est bonum quod habes. Ex catholica enim Ecclesia sunt omnia dominica Sacramenta, quae sic habetis et datis, quemadmodum habebantur et dabantur, etiam priusquam inde exiretis. Non tamen ideo non habetis, quia ibi non estis, unde sunt quae habetis. Non in vobis mutamus in quibus nobiscum estis; in multis enim estis nobiscum; nam et de talibus dictum est, Quoniam in multis erant mecum (Psal. LIV, 19): sed ea corrigimus in quibus nobiscum non estis, et ea vos hic accipere volumus quae non habetis illic ubi estis. Nobiscum autem estis in Baptismo, in symbolo, in caeteris dominicis Sacramentis. In spiritu autem unitatis et vinculo pacis, in ipsa denique catholica Ecclesia, nobiscum non estis. Haec si accipiatis, non tunc aderunt, sed tunc proderunt quae habetis. Non ergo sicut putatis suscipimus vestros, sed suscipiendo efficimus nostros qui recedunt a vobis, ut suscipiantur a nobis; et ut incipiant esse nostri, prius desinunt esse vestri. Nec nobis conjungi compellimus operarios erroris quem detestamur; sed ideo nobis illos homines conjungi volumus, ne hoc sint quod detestamur.

47. Sed baptizavit, inquis, post Joannem Paulus apostolus. Numquid post haereticum? Aut si forte audes illum amicum sponsi haereticum dicere, et in unitate Ecclesiae non fuisse, volo et hoc scribas. Si autem hoc dementissimum est vel sentire, vel dicere, jam tuae prudentiae est considerare quare post Joannem Paulus apostolus baptizaverit. Si enim post aequalem, omnes post vos baptizare debetis. Si post majorem, debes et tu post Rogatum. Si post minorem, debuit post te Rogatus, cum presbyter baptizasses. Si autem baptismus qui nunc datur, ideo pariter valet in eis quibus datur, quamvis sint imparis meriti per quos datur, quia Christi est, non eorum a quibus ministratur; puto quod jam intelligas ideo Paulum dedisse quibusdam baptismum Christi, quia Joannis baptismo fuerant baptizati, non Christi; Joannis quippe baptismus ille dictus est, sicut multis locis divina Scriptura testatur, quod et ipse Dominus dicit: Baptismus Joannis unde erat? de coelo, an ex hominibus (Matth. 0344 XXI, 25)? Baptismus autem quem dedit Petrus, non erat Petri, sed Christi; et quem dedit Paulus non erat Pauli, sed Christi; et quem dederunt qui tempore Apostolorum non caste, sed per invidiam Christum annuntiabant (Philipp. I, 15, 17), non erat eorum, sed Christi; et quem dederunt qui tempore Cypriani fundos insidiosis fraudibus rapiebant, usuris multiplicantibus fenus augebant, non erat eorum, sed Christi. Et quia Christi erat, ideo quamvis non per aequales daretur eis, tamen quibus dabatur aequaliter proderat. Nam si tanto melius quisque baptizatur, quanto a meliore fuerit baptizatus, non recte gratias agit Apostolus, quod neminem Corinthiorum baptizaverit, nisi Crispum et Gaium et Stephanae domum (I Cor. I, 14): tanto enim melius baptizarentur quanto erat Paulus melior, si ab ipso baptizarentur. Denique cum dicit, Ego plantavi, Apollo rigavit, (Id., III, 6), videtur significare se evangelizasse, illum baptizasse. Numquid melior Apollo, quam Joannes? Cur ergo post istum non baptizavit, qui post Joannem baptizaverat, nisi quia iste baptismus, per quemlibet datus, Christi erat; ille autem, per quemlibet datus, quamvis Christo viam praepararet, tamen Joannis erat?

48. Invidiose dici videtur, Post Joannem baptizatum est, et post haereticos non baptizatur: sed potest et hoc invidiose dici, Post Joannem baptizatum est, et post ebriosos non baptizatur. Melius enim hoc vitium commemoro, quod nec occultare possunt in quibus regnat; et quam multi ubique sint, quis vel caecus ignorat? Et tamen inter opera carnis, quae qui agunt, regnum Dei non possidebunt, etiam hoc ponit Apostolus, ubi etiam haereses enumerat: Manifesta autem, inquit, sunt opera carnis, quae sunt fornicationes, immunditiae, luxuria, idolorum servitus, veneficia, inimicitiae, contentiones, aemulationes, animositates, dissensiones, haereses, invidiae, ebrietates, comessationes, et his similia, quae praedico vobis sicut praedixi, quoniam qui talia agunt, regnum Dei non possidebunt (Gal. V, 19-21). Hac ergo ratione, quamvis baptizatum sit post Joannem, non baptizatur post haereticum, qua ratione quamvis baptizatum sit post Joannem, non baptizatur post ebriosum; quoniam et haereses et ebrietates in eis operibus sunt, quae opera qui agunt, regnum Dei non possidebunt. Nonne tibi videtur quasi intolerabiliter indignum, ut cum baptizatum fuerit post eum qui non sobrie vinum bibens, sed vinum omnino non bibens, regno Dei viam paravit, non baptizetur post ebriosum, qui regnum Dei non possidebit? Quid hic respondetur, nisi quia ille baptismus erat Joannis, post quem Christi baptismo baptizavit Apostolus; iste autem baptismus Christi est, quo baptizavit ebriosus? Inter Joannem et ebriosum a contrario multum interest: inter baptismum Christi et baptismum Joannis non a contrario, sed tamen multum interest. Inter Apostolum et ebriosum multum interest: inter baptismum Christi quem dedit Apostolus, et baptismum Christi quem dedit ebriosus, nihil interest. Sic inter Joannem et haereticum, a contrario multum interest; et inter baptismum Joannis, et 0345 inter baptismum Christi quem dat haereticus, non a contrario, sed multum interest. Inter baptismum autem Christi quem dedit Apostolus, et baptismum Christi quem dat haereticus, nihil interest. Agnoscitur enim Sacramentorum species aequalis, etiam cum magna differentia est in hominum meritis.

49. Sed da veniam, erravi, quando te volui de ebrioso baptizante convincere; exciderat mihi cum rogatista me rem habere, non cum qualicumque donatista. Potes enim tu in tam paucis collegis tuis, et in omnibus clericis vestris nullum invenire forsitan ebriosum. Vos enim estis, qui non ex totius orbis communione, sed ex observatione praeceptorum omnium divinorum atque omnium Sacramentorum tenetis catholicam fidem: in quibus eam solis inventurus est, cum venerit Filius hominis, quando non inveniet fidem in terra; quia nec terra estis, nec in terra, sed coelestes in coelo habitatis! Nec timetis, nec attenditis quia Deus superbis resistit, humilibus autem dat gratiam? (Jacobi IV, 6.) Nec vos Evangelii locus ipse compungit, ubi Dominus ait: Cum venerit Filius hominis, putas inveniet fidem in terra (Luc. XVIII, 8)? Continuo quippe tanquam praesciens nonnullos sibi superbe arrogaturos hanc fidem, dixit ad quosdam, qui sibi justi videbantur et spernebant caeteros, similitudinem hanc: Duo quidam ascenderunt in templum orare, unus pharisaeus et alter publicanus (Id., 10), et caetera. Jam tibi quae sequuntur, ipse responde. Inspice tamen diligentius ipsos paucos vestros, utrum nullus illic baptizet ebriosus. Tam enim late vastat haec pestilentia animas, et tanta libertate dominatur, ut multum mirer si non etiam vestrum gregiculum penetravit; quamvis ante ipsum adventum Filii hominis, unius boni pastoris, jam vos oves ab haedis separasse jactetis.

CAPUT XII.

50. Audi sane per me vocem dominicorum frumentorum, in area dominica usque ad ultimam ventilationem inter paleam laborantium (Matth. III, 12), per totum scilicet mundum, quia Deus vocavit terram a solis ortu usque ad occasum (Psal. XLIX, 1), ubi etiam pueri laudant Dominum (Psal. CXII, 1-3): Quicumque vos ex occasione legis hujus imperialis, non dilectione corrigendi, sed inimicandi odio persequitur, displicet nobis. Et quamvis res quaeque terrena non recte a quoquam possideri possit, nisi vel jure divino, quo cuncta justorum sunt, vel jure humano, quod in potestate regum est terrae; ideoque res vestras falso appelletis, quas nec justi possidetis, et secundum leges regum terrenorum amittere jussi estis, frustraque dicatis, Nos eis congregandis laboravimus, cum scriptum legatis, Labores impiorum justi edent (Prov. XIII, 22): sed tamen quisquis ex occasione hujus legis, quam reges terrae Christo servientes, ad emendandam vestram impietatem promulgaverunt, res proprias vestras cupide appetit, displicet nobis. Quisquis denique ipsas res pauperum, vel basilicas congregationum, quas sub nomine Ecclesiae tenebatis, quae omnino non debentur nisi ei Ecclesiae quae vera Christi Ecclesia est, non per justitiam, sed per avaritiam tenet, displicet nobis. Quisquis pro aliquo 0346 flagitio vel facinore projectum a vobis ita suscipit, sicut suscipiuntur qui, excepto errore quo a nobis separamini, sine crimine apud vos vixerunt, displicet nobis. Sed nec facile ista monstratis; et si monstretis, nonnullos toleramus, quos corrigere vel punire non possumus: neque propter paleam relinquimus aream Domini, neque propter pisces malos rumpimus retia Domini, neque propter haedos in fine segregandos, deserimus gregem Domini, neque propter vasa facta in contumeliam, migramus de domo Domini.

CAPUT XIII.

51. Tu autem, frater, quantum mihi videtur, si vanam gloriam hominum non attendas, et insensatorum contemnas opprobrium, qui dicturi sunt, Quare modo destruis quae prius aedificabas ; sine dubio transies ad Ecclesiam, quam veram sentire te intelligo: nec hujus sententiae tuae testimonia longe peto. Tu quippe in ejusdem tuae epistolae principio, cui nunc respondeo, haec verba posuisti: Cum optime, inquis, noverim te longe adhuc a fide christiana sepositum, et studiis olim deditum litterarum, quietis et honestatis fuisse cultorem; cumque postea conversus ad christianam fidem ut ex multorum relatione cognovi, disputationibus legalibus operam dares. Certe si tu ad me illam epistolam misisti, haec verba tua sunt. Cum ergo fatearis me conversum ad christianam fidem; cum ego nec ad Donatistas, nec ad Rogatistas conversus sim, sine ulla dubitatione confirmas, et praeter Rogatistas, et praeter Donatistas esse christianam fidem. Haec ergo fides, sicut dicimus, in omnibus gentibus dilatatur, quae secundum Dei testimonium in semine Abrahae benedicuntur (Gen. XXII, 18). Quid igitur adhuc dubitas tenere quod sentis, nisi quia id quod nunc sentis, vel aliquando non sensisse, vel aliud defendisse confunderis; et dum erubescis corrigere errorem, non erubescis permanere in errore, quod utique potius erubescendum fuit?

52. Hoc est illud quod Scriptura non tacuit: Est confusio adducens peccatum, et est confusio adducens gratiam et gloriam (Eccli. IV, 25). Confusio adducit peccatum, cum erubescit quisque pravam mutare sententiam ne aut inconstans putetur, aut diu errasse seipso judice teneatur: ita descendunt in infernum viventes (Psal. LIV, 16), id est, suam perditionem sentientes; quos Dathan et Abiron et Core hiatu terrae absorpti (Num. XVI, 31-33), tanto ante futuros figuraverunt. Confusio autem adducit gratiam et gloriam, cum erubescit quisque de propria iniquitate, et poenitendo in melius commutatur; quod te facere piget illa perniciosa confusione superatum; ne tibi ab hominibus nescientibus quid loquantur, objiciatur illa apostolica sententia: Si enim quae destruxi, eadem iterum aedifico, praevaricatorem meipsum constituo (Gal. II, 18). Quae si dici posset etiam in eos qui veritatem correcti praedicant, quam perversi oppugnabant, in ipsum Paulum primitus diceretur, in quo Ecclesiae Christi magnificabant Deum, audientes quod 0347 evangelizaret fidem quam aliquando vastabat (Galat. I, 23).

53. Nec quemquam putes ab errore ad veritatem, vel a quocumque seu magno seu parvo peccato ad correctionem sine poenitentia posse transire. Sed nimis impudens error est, hinc velle calumniari Ecclesiam, quam tot divinis testimoniis constat esse Ecclesiam Christi, quod aliter tractat illos qui eam deserunt, si hoc ipsum poenitendo corrigant, aliter illos qui in ea nondum fuerunt, et tunc primum ejus pacem accipiunt; illos amplius humiliando, istos lenius suscipiendo, utrosque diligendo, utrisque sanandis materna charitate serviendo. Habes epistolam prolixiorem fortasse quam velles. Esset autem multo brevior, si te tantum in respondendo cogitarem: nunc vero etiamsi tibi nihil prosit, non puto nihil eis profuturam, qui eam legere cum Dei timore, et sine personarum acceptione curaverint. Amen.