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having named the place, on which also this epigram by Agathias was made: Wherever the wandering strait of the sea-washed shores opens the sea, cutting the land in two, the divine emperor placed these golden palaces for his consort, the most-glorious empress Sophia. 175 Worthily, O mighty Rome, beauty opposite you looks from Europe to Asia. This empress Sophia, having investigated all the moneylenders and whatever certain people owed them, whether through written contracts or through pledges, paid off their loans herself from her own house, and took the pledges and the documents; and she returned the pledges to their owners, and destroyed the documents. But this emperor, having a sickly body and for this reason not going out continuously, made those who wished to do wrong more fearless, as if there was no one to exact justice. And once, having gone forth, he was troubled by many as being wronged. Therefore, the avenging of the wronged became a matter of concern for him. And while he was considering this, someone approached him promising that if he were made prefect and authority over all were given to him, within a specified time no one would be found who was wronged. The emperor therefore, pleased by this promise, appointed that man prefect. And he, having taken his seat, 176 when someone came to him and accused one of the more distinguished senators, summoned the accused; but that man did not appear. Then he also sent a second summons to him; but he, scorning this also, went off to the imperial banquet; for it happened that he had been invited to it. And when the prefect learned this, he too went to the palace and found the common meal already assembled and says to the emperor, "I promised you, O emperor, that within such a time I would leave no one wronged; and this will surely be accomplished by me, if I also have the assistance and influence from your power; but if you yourself rather support the wrongdoers and, being friendly disposed towards them, have them dining with you, nothing will be accomplishable for me; either, then, do not grant them freedom of speech or release me from my office." And the emperor says, "If it is I myself who am doing wrong, remove me from here." Forthwith, therefore, the prefect, having made that accused man rise from the feast and stand in the court and having judged him along with the one speaking against him, and having found him to be doing wrong, punished that man with blows to the body, and to the one who had been wronged he restored from that man's property a multiple of the wrong. Wherefore, those whose disposition was avaricious, being afraid, were restrained from doing wrong and entered into settlements with those they had wronged. 177 The treaties with the Persians were broken under this emperor; for when the Romans were giving them an annual tribute of five hundred pounds, so that they would guard unharmed the garrisons neighboring them of the Roman dominion, this Justin, saying that it was a reproach for the Romans to be taxed by the Persians, withheld the gold. And having sent an embassy to Arethas the king of the Ethiopians, he persuaded him to overrun and plunder the parts of the Persian empire adjacent to the Ethiopians; for which reason war was again kindled between the Persians and the Romans. The emperor therefore, having appointed the patrician Martinus general of the East, sent him against them, and in the fourth year of his reign war broke out, and many indeed fell on both sides, but nevertheless the Romans were victorious. But the ruler of the Persians, Hormisdas, sent Ardamanes with a heavy force to plunder the lands under the Romans; who, having come upon much Roman territory and having seized very great booty from it, returned, as the patrician Martinus did not dare to go out against him. 178 When the emperor learned these things, he considered it a disaster and took the generalship away from Martinus, and entrusted it to Archelaus, and made treaties with Hormisdas again. And from the grief on account of these things he fell into a disease of madness, and he was also in pain in his feet. Being, however, without his own offspring, he had already adopted Tiberius the count of the excubitors and proclaimed him Caesar. And being relieved

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τόπον κατονομάσας, ἐν οἷς καὶ ἐπίγραμμα παρὰ Ἀγαθίου ἐγένετο τόδε· ὁππόθι τεμνομένης χθονὸς ἄνδιχα πόντον ἀνοίγει πλαγκτὸς ἁλικλύστων πορθμὸς ἐπ' ἠιόνων, χρύσεα συλλέκτρῳ τάδ' ἀνάκτορα θῆκεν ἀνάσσῃ τῇ πολυκυδίστῃ θεῖος ἄναξ Σοφίῃ. 175 ἄξιον, ὦ Ῥώμη μεγαλόκρατες, ἀντία σεῖο κάλλος ἀπ' Εὐρώπης δέρκεται εἰς Ἀσίην. αὕτη ἡ βασιλὶς Σοφία ἀκριβωσαμένη πάντας τοὺς δανειστὰς καὶ ὅσα τινὲς αὐτοῖς ὤφειλον εἴτε δι' ἐγγράφων ἢ καὶ δι' ἐνεχύρων, κατέβαλε μὲν αὐτοῖς τὰ δάνεια οἴκοθεν, ἔλαβε δὲ τὰ ἐνέχυρα καὶ τὰ ἔγγραφα, καὶ τὰ μὲν ἐνέχυρα τοῖς δεσπόταις ἀπέδωκε, τὰ δ' ἔγγραφα ἐξηφάνισε. νοσεροῦ δὲ τυχὼν σώματος ὁ βασιλεὺς οὗτος καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μὴ συνεχῶς προϊών, τοὺς ἀδικεῖν βουλομένους, ὡς μηδενὸς ὄντος τοῦ ἐκδικοῦντος, ἀδεεστέρους ἐποίησε. καί ποτε προελθὼν ἠνωχλήθη παρὰ πολλῶν ὡς ἀδικουμένων. γέγονεν οὖν ἡ τῶν ἀδικουμένων ἐκδίκησις διὰ φροντίδος αὐτῷ. φροντίζοντι δὲ περὶ τούτου πρόσεισί τις ἐπαγγελλόμενος, εἰ ἔπαρχος γένοιτο καὶ κατὰ πάντων αὐτῷ ἐξουσία δοθῇ, δι' ὡρισμένου καιροῦ μήτινα εὑρεθῆναι τὸν ἀδικούμενον. ἡσθεὶς οὖν τῇ ὑποσχέσει ταύτῃ ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸν ἄνδρα ἐκεῖνον προεχειρίσατο ἔπαρχον. ὁ δὲ προκαθίσας, 176 προσελθόντος αὐτῷ τινος καὶ αἰτιωμένου τῶν ἐπισημοτέρων συγκλητικῶν ἕνα, μετεκαλέσατο τὸν αἰτιώμενον· ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀπήντησεν ἐκεῖνος. εἶτα καὶ δεύτερον ἔθετο μήνυμα πρὸς αὐτόν· ὁ δὲ καὶ τούτου καταφρονήσας εἰς τὸ βασιλικὸν ἀπῄει συμπόσιον· ἔτυχε γὰρ κεκλημένος πρὸς τοῦτο. ὡς δὲ τοῦτο ἔγνω ὁ ἔπαρχος, ἀπῆλθε κἀκεῖνος εἰς τὰ ἀνάκτορα καὶ εὗρεν ἤδη συνιστάμενον τὸ συσσίτιον καί φησι πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα "ὑπεσχόμην σοι, βασιλεῦ, διὰ τόσου καιροῦ μηδένα καταλιπεῖν ἀδικούμενον· τοῦτο δὲ πάντως μοι ἀνυσθήσεται, εἰ καὶ τὴν ἐκ τοῦ κράτους σου ἐπικουρίαν ἔχω καὶ τὴν ῥοπήν· εἰ δὲ μᾶλλον αὐτὸς τῶν ἀδικούντων ἀντιποιῇ καὶ φιλίως αὐτοῖς διακείμενος συνεστιωμένους ἔχεις, οὐδέν μοι ἔσται ἀνύσιμον· ἢ γοῦν μὴ μεταδίδου παρρησίας αὐτοῖς ἢ παῦσόν με τῆς ἀρχῆς." καὶ ὁ βασιλεύς, "εἰ αὐτὸς ἐγώ εἰμι" φησίν "ἀδικῶν, ἐξανάστησόν με ἐντεῦθεν." αὐτίκα τοίνυν ὁ ἔπαρχος τὸν αἰτιώμενον ἐκεῖνον ἐκ τῆς πανδαισίας ἐξαναστήσας καὶ εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον καταστήσας καὶ τῷ κατ' αὐτοῦ λέγοντι συνδικάσας αὐτόν, καὶ γνοὺς ἀδικοῦντα, ἐκεῖνον μὲν ἐκόλασε ταῖς εἰς σῶμα πληγαῖς, τῷ δὲ ἀδικουμένῳ ἐκ τῆς ἐκείνου ὑπάρξεως πολλαπλάσιον ἀποκατέστησε τὸ ἀδίκημα. ὅθεν δείσαντες οἷς ἦν προαίρεσις πλεονεκτική, τοῦ ἀδικεῖν ἀνεστάλησαν καὶ τοῖς ἠδικημένοις εἰς συμβάσεις ἐχώρησαν. 177 Αἱ δὲ πρὸς Πέρσας σπονδαὶ ἐπὶ τούτου τοῦ βασιλέως ἐλύθησαν· δασμὸν γὰρ ἐνιαύσιον λίτρας πεντακοσίας τῶν Ῥωμαίων διδόντων αὐτοῖς, ἵνα τὰ σφίσιν ἀγχίθυρα τῆς Ῥωμαϊκῆς ἡγεμονίας ἀβλαβῆ φυλάσσωνται φρούρια, ὁ Ἰουστῖνος οὗτος ἐπονείδιστον εἶναι τὸ φορολογεῖσθαι παρὰ Περσῶν Ῥωμαίους λέγων, ἐπέσχε τὸ χρυσίον. διαπρεσβευσάμενος δὲ πρὸς Ἀρέθαν τὸν Αἰθιόπων βασιλέα ἔπεισεν αὐτὸν τὰ πλησιάζοντα τοῖς Αἰθίοψι τῆς τῶν Περσῶν ἐπικρατείας καταδραμεῖν καὶ ληίσασθαι· διὸ καὶ αὖθις μέσον Περσῶν καὶ Ῥωμαίων ἀνερρίπιστο πόλεμος. στρατηγὸν οὖν τῆς ἀνατολῆς ὁ βασιλεὺς τὸν πατρίκιον Μαρτῖνον προχειρισάμενος ἔπεμψε κατ' αὐτῶν, καὶ τῷ τετάρτῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ συνέστη πόλεμος, καὶ πολλοὶ μὲν ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἔπεσον, νικῶσι δ' ὅμως Ῥωμαῖοι. ὁ δὲ τῶν Περσῶν κρατῶν Ὁρμίσδας Ἀρδαμάνην ἔπεμψε μετὰ βαρείας δυνάμεως τὰ ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίους ληίσασθαι· ὃς πολλὴν ἐπελθὼν χώραν Ῥωμαϊκὴν καὶ λείαν πλείστην ἐξ αὐτῆς ἡρπακὼς ἐπανῆλθε, τοῦ πατρικίου Μαρτίνου μὴ τολμήσαντος αὐτῷ ἀντεπεξελθεῖν. 178 ἃ μαθὼν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν συμφορᾷ ἐποιήσατο καὶ τὸν μὲν Μαρτῖνον τὴν στρατηγίαν ἀφείλετο, Ἀρχελάῳ δὲ αὐτὴν ἐνεπίστευσε, καὶ πρὸς Ὁρμίσδαν σπονδὰς ἔθετο αὖθις. ἐκ δὲ τῆς διὰ ταῦτα λύπης νόσῳ φρενίτιδι περιπέπτωκεν, ἤλγει δὲ καὶ τοὺς πόδας. ἀμοιρῶν μέντοι γονῆς οἰκείας, ἔφθη τὸν κόμητα τῶν ἐξκουβίτων Τιβέριον υἱοποιησάμενος καὶ Καίσαρα ἀνειπών. ἀνεθεὶς δὲ