47

as Paul also did here. And see how wisely: Therefore, my beloved, he says. He did not simply say, Obey, but first having praised and said, As you have always obeyed; that is, I exhort you to imitate not others, but your very selves. Not as in my presence only, but much more in my absence. Why, Much more in my absence? Then perhaps you seemed to do all things for the honor and respect toward me, 62.239 but now no longer. If, therefore, it is shown that you have now intensified your efforts, it is shown that then also it was not for my sake, but for God's sake. What do you wish, tell me. Not that you should listen to me, but that with fear and trembling you should work out your own salvation; for it is not possible for one living without fear to show anything noble and wonderful. And he did not simply say, Fear, but added, And trembling, which is an intensification of fear, wishing to make them more attentive. Paul had this fear; for this reason he also said, I fear lest, having preached to others, I myself should be disqualified. For if it is not possible to succeed in worldly things without fear, how much more in spiritual things? For tell me: who has learned letters without fear? who has become skilled in a craft without fear? But if where the devil does not lie in wait, but only laziness troubles us, so much fear was needed by us, so as only to turn back natural laziness; where the war is so great, the hindrances so many, how is it possible ever to be saved without fear? But how could this fear come to be? If we consider that God is present everywhere, that He hears all things, that He sees all things, not only things done and said, but also all things in the heart, and in the depth of the mind; For he is a discerner of the thoughts and intentions of the heart. If we dispose ourselves thus, we will do nothing evil, say nothing, think nothing. For tell me, if you were always standing near the ruler, would you not stand with fear? And how, standing beside God, do you laugh and recline, and not fear nor tremble? Do not then despise His forbearance; for He is long-suffering, leading you to repentance; nor endure to do anything without thinking that God is present in all things; for He is present. Whether, therefore, you eat, or are about to sleep, or are angry, or seize, or indulge in luxury, or do anything whatsoever, think that God is standing by, and you will never fall into laughter, you will never be kindled to anger. If you always have this thought, you will always be in fear and trembling, as one standing near the king. The builder, even if he is experienced, even if he is a very skilled craftsman, stands with fear and trembling, fearing lest he fall from the building. You too have believed, have done many good things, have ascended to a height; hold yourself in safety, and fear while standing, and keep your eye watchful, lest you fall from there; for many are the spiritual hosts of wickedness that wish to cast you down. Serve the Lord, he says, with fear, and rejoice in Him with trembling. And how is rejoicing possible with trembling? This, then, is the only rejoicing. For when we work some good, and such as it is likely for those doing something in trembling, then only do we rejoice. With fear and trembling work out your own salvation. He did not say, Work, but, Work out, that is, with much diligence, with much care. But since he said, With fear and trembling, and made them anxious, 62.240 see how he consoles their anxiety. For what does he say? God is the one who is at work in you. Do not be afraid because I said, With fear and trembling; I did not say this that you should despair, that you should think virtue to be something unattainable, but that you should be attentive, that you should not be lax. If this is so, God will work all things; you take courage; For God is the one who is at work in you. If, therefore, He Himself is at work, we must offer our will always well-composed, firm, not diffuse. For God is the one who is at work in you both to will and to work. If He Himself works in us the willing, how

47

οἷον καὶ Παῦλος ἐνταῦθα ἐποίησε. Καὶ θέα πῶς συνετῶς· Ὥστε, ἀγαπητοί μου, φησίν. Οὐκ εἶπεν ἁπλῶς, ὅτι Ὑπακούετε, ἀλλὰ πρότερον ἐπαινέσας καὶ εἰπὼν, Καθὼς πάντοτε ὑπηκούσατε· τουτέστι, Μιμεῖσθαι παρακαλῶ οὐχ ἑτέρους, ἀλλ' ὑμᾶς ἑαυτούς. Μὴ ὡς ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ μου μόνον, ἀλλὰ πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐν τῇ ἀπουσίᾳ μου. ∆ιὰ τί, Πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐν τῇ ἀπουσίᾳ μου; Τότε μὲν ἴσως ἐδοκεῖτε διὰ τὴν εἰς ἐμὲ τιμὴν καὶ τὴν αἰδὼ πάντα ποιεῖν, 62.239 νυνὶ δὲ οὐκέτι. Ἐὰν οὖν δειχθῇ ὅτι νῦν ἐπετείνατε, δείκνυται ὅτι καὶ τότε οὐ δι' ἐμὲ, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸν Θεόν. Τί βούλει, εἰπέ. Οὐχ ἵνα ἐμοῦ ἀκούσητε, ἀλλ' ἵνα μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν κατεργάζησθε· οὐ γὰρ ἔνι τὸν χωρὶς φόβου ζῶντα γενναῖόν τι καὶ θαυμαστὸν ἐπιδείξασθαι. Καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπε, Φόβου, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκε, Καὶ τρόμου, ὅστις ἐπίτασίς ἐστι τοῦ φόβου, προσεκτικωτέρους ποιῆσαι βουλόμενος. Τοῦτον εἶχε τὸν φόβον ὁ Παῦλος· διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἔλεγε, Φοβοῦμαι μή πως ἄλλοις κηρύξας, αὐτὸς ἀδόκιμος γένωμαι. Εἰ γὰρ τὰ βιωτικὰ κατορθῶσαι φόβου χωρὶς οὐκ ἔνι, πόσῳ μᾶλλον τὰ πνευματικά; Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι· τίς γράμματα ἔμαθε φόβου χωρίς; τίς τέχνης ἔμπειρος γέγονε φόβου χωρίς; Εἰ δὲ ἔνθα οὐκ ἐφεδρεύει ὁ διάβολος, ἀλλὰ ῥᾳθυμίᾳ μόνον ἐνοχλεῖ, τοσούτου φόβου ἡμῖν ἐδέησεν, ὥστε ῥᾳθυμίαν ἐπιστρέψαι φυσικὴν μόνον· ἔνθα τοσοῦτος ὁ πόλεμος, τοσαῦτα κωλύματα, πῶς ἔνι φόβου χωρὶς διασωθῆναί ποτε; Πῶς δ' ἂν οὗτος γένοιτο ὁ φόβος; Ἂν ἐννοήσωμεν, ὅτι πανταχοῦ πάρεστιν ὁ Θεὸς, ὅτι πάντα ἀκούει, ὅτι πάντα ὁρᾷ, οὐ τὰ πραττόμενα μόνον καὶ λεγόμενα, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ ἐν καρδίαις ἅπαντα, καὶ τὰ ἐν τῷ βάθει τῆς διανοίας· Κριτικὸς γάρ ἐστιν ἐνθυμήσεων καὶ ἐννοιῶν καρδίας. Ἂν οὕτω διαθῶμεν ἑαυτοὺς, οὐδὲν πονηρὸν πράξομεν, οὐδὲν ἐροῦμεν, οὐδὲν ἐννοήσομεν. Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, εἰ διαπαντὸς τοῦ ἄρχοντος πλησίον εἱστήκεις, οὐ μετὰ φόβου ἂν εἱστήκεις; Καὶ πῶς Θεῷ σὺ παρεστὼς γελᾷς καὶ ἀναπίπτεις, καὶ οὐ δέδοικας οὐδὲ φρίσσεις; Μὴ δὴ τῆς ἀνοχῆς αὐτοῦ καταφρόνει· πρὸς γὰρ μετάνοιάν σε ἄγων μακροθυμεῖ· μηδὲ ποιῶν τι, ἄνευ τοῦ νομίζειν ἐν πᾶσι παρεῖναι τὸν Θεὸν πράττειν ἀνέχου· πάρεστι γάρ. Κἂν τοίνυν ἐσθίῃς, κἂν μέλλῃς καθεύδειν, κἂν ὀργίζῃ, κἂν ἁρπάζῃς, κἂν τρυφᾷς, κἂν ὁτιοῦν ποιῇς, νόμιζε παρεστάναι τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ οὐδέποτε εἰς γέλωτα ἐμπεσῇ, οὐδέποτε εἰς ὀργὴν ἐξαφθήσῃ. Ἂν τοῦτον ἔχῃς διαπαντὸς τὸν λογισμὸν, διαπαντὸς ἐν φόβῳ ἔσῃ καὶ τρόμῳ, ἅτε τοῦ βασιλέως πλησίον ἑστώς. Ὁ οἰκοδόμος, κἂν ἔμπειρος ᾖ, κἂν σφόδρα ᾖ τεχνίτης, μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου ἕστηκε, δεδοικὼς μὴ καταπέσῃ ἐκ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς. Καὶ σὺ ἐπίστευσας, ἔπραξας ἀγαθὰ πολλὰ, ἀνῆλθες εἰς ὕψος· ἐν ἀσφαλείᾳ κάτεχε σαυτὸν, καὶ φοβοῦ ἑστὼς, καὶ τὸ ὄμμα ἔχε διεγηγερμένον, μὴ καταπέσῃς ἐκεῖθεν· πολλὰ γὰρ τὰ πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας, τὰ βουλόμενά σε καθελεῖν. ∆ουλεύσατε, φησὶ, τῷ Κυρίῳ ἐν φόβῳ, καὶ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε αὐτῷ ἐν τρόμῳ. Καὶ πῶς ἔνι ἀγαλλίασις μετὰ τρόμου; Αὕτη μὲν οὖν ἐστι μόνη ἀγαλλίασις. Ὅταν γάρ τι ἀγαθὸν ἐργασώμεθα, καὶ τοιοῦτον, οἷον εἰκὸς τοὺς ἐν τρόμῳ τι ποιοῦντας, τότε χαίρομεν μόνον. Μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου τὴν ἑαυτῶν σωτηρίαν κατεργάζεσθε. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἐργάζεσθε, ἀλλὰ, Κατεργάζεσθε, τουτέστι, μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς σπουδῆς, μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ἐπιμελείας. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἶπε, Μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου, καὶ ἐναγωνίους 62.240 ἐποίησεν, ὅρα πῶς παραμυθεῖται τὴν ἀγωνίαν. Τί γάρ φησιν; Ὁ Θεός ἐστιν ὁ ἐνεργῶν ἐν ὑμῖν. Μὴ φοβοῦ, ὅτι εἶπον· Μετὰ φόβου καὶ τρόμου· οὐ διὰ τοῦτο εἶπον, ἵνα ἀπαγορεύσῃς, ἵνα δυσέφικτόν τι εἶναι νομίσῃς τὴν ἀρετὴν, ἀλλ' ἵνα προσέχῃς, ἵνα μὴ διαχέῃς σαυτόν. Ἂν τοῦτο ᾖ, ὁ Θεὸς πάντα ἐργάσεται· σὺ θάρσει· Ὁ Θεὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ἐνεργῶν ἐν ὑμῖν. Εἰ τοίνυν αὐτὸς ἐνεργεῖ, ἡμᾶς δεῖ τὴν προαίρεσιν παρασχεῖν συγκεκροτημένην διαπαντὸς, ἐσφιγμένην, ἀδιάχυτον. Ὁ Θεὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ἐνεργῶν ἐν ὑμῖν καὶ τὸ θέλειν καὶ τὸ ἐνεργεῖν. Εἰ τὸ θέλειν αὐτὸς ἡμῖν ἐνεργεῖ, πῶς