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he built, which had not existed before, which4.7.6 he named Theodoropolis, after the empress. Furthermore, the damaged parts of the forts called Iatron and Tigas he saved with new construction, and to that of Maxentius he added a tower, since he thought it needed one. 4.7.7 And he built the fort of Quinton, which had not existed before. After which is the fortress of Trasmarisca; opposite which on the other shore Constantine, once emperor of the Romans, had built a fort not without care, Daphne by name, having judged it not disadvantageous 4.7.8 to guard the river on both sides here. Which, indeed, as time went on, the barbarians completely destroyed, but the Emperor Justinian rebuilt it, beginning from the foundations. 4.7.9 After Trasmarisca, both the stronghold of the Altinon, and that which they call Candidiana, which had been demolished by the enemy long before, he deemed worthy of care 4.7.10 according to the need. And there are three successive fortresses along the bank of the Ister, Saltupyrgos and Do4.7.11 rostolos and Sycidaba. The damaged parts of each of these 4.7.12 the emperor restored not without care. And Questris too, which lies away from the coast, he has given similar attention. And Palmatis, situated in a narrow place, he made both larger and especially more spacious, al4.7.13 though it is not on the river bank. Very near which he also built the new fort Adina, since the Sclaveni barbarians, constantly slipping past unnoticed, were always lying in wait here in hiding for those travelling this way and were making the places there impassable. 4.7.14 And he also built the fort of Tilicion, and a stronghold situated to its left. 4.7.15 Thus for the Mysians he had the fortresses both on the bank 4.7.16 of the river Ister and near it. For the rest I shall proceed to Scythia; where first is the fort named for Saint Cyril, the parts of which had been damaged by time Emperor Justinian rebuilt not without care. 4.7.17 And beyond it there was from of old a fortress, Ulmiton by name, but since the Sclaveni barbarians had been laying ambushes there for a long time, and had stayed there for a very long period, it had become completely desolate, and nothing of it was still left except the name. 4.7.18 So having built it entirely from its foundations, he made the places there free from the attack and plotting of the Sclaveni. 4.7.19 And somewhere after this is the city of Ibida, many parts of whose circuit-wall had suffered, which he renewed with no delay and made it very strong. 4.7.20 And he himself has built a new fort after it, which they call Aegissus. And another fort of Scythia lies at the end, Halmyris by name, most of which had become clearly ruinous, and which he saved by rebuilding it. 4.7.21 And however many other fortresses in the part of Europe are worth mentioning. 4.8.1 Whatever buildings, then, have been constructed by the Emperor Justinian among the Dardanians and Epirotes and Macedonians and the other nations of the Illyrians, and furthermore whatever in Greece and around the river Ister, have already been described by me previously. 4.8.2 For the rest, let us proceed to Thrace, making the regions around Byzantium an excellent sort of foundation for our account, since the city also presides over Thrace not only by its power, but also by the nature of its position, standing upon Europe as a kind of acropolis, and being fenced off at the limit of the sea that separates it from Asia. 4.8.3 Now, then, all the other buildings of the city, and whatever he has built for the sacred places both inside and outside the circuit-wall of Constantinople, I have made clear in the preceding accounts. But I shall now proceed to speak of the things from this point on. 4.8.4 There is a fort in a suburb of the city, which they call Strongylon, named after the shape of the stronghold. 4.8.5 From here the road leading to Rhegium, being for the most part uneven, whenever it so happened that rains fell, would become muddy and difficult to pass for those travelling this way. 4.8.6 But now this emperor, having paved it with stones fit for wagons, made it both easy to travel

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ἐδείματο οὐ πρότερον οὖσαν, ἥν4.7.6 περ ὁμωνύμως τῇ βασιλίδι Θεοδωρόπολιν ἐπωνόμασεν. ἔτι μέντοι φρουρίων τοῦ τε Ἰατρῶν καλουμένου καὶ Τιγᾶς τὰ πεπονθότα νέᾳ τινὶ διεσώσατο οἰκοδομίᾳ, καὶ τοῖς Μαξεντίου πύργον ἐντέθεικεν, ἐπεὶ αὐτοῦ προσδεῖν ᾤετο. 4.7.7 καὶ τὸ Κυντῶν ἐδείματο φρούριον οὐ πρότερον ὄν. μεθ' ὃ δὴ τὸ Τρασμαρίσκας ὀχύρωμά ἐστιν· οὗπερ καταντικρὺ ἐν τῇ ἀντιπέρας ἠπείρῳ Κωνσταντῖνός ποτε Ῥωμαίων βασιλεὺς φρούριον οὐκ ἀπημελημένως ᾠκοδομήσατο, ∆άφνην ὄνομα, οὐκ ἀξύμφορον νενομικὼς εἶναι 4.7.8 φυλάσσεσθαι ταύτῃ τὸν ποταμὸν ἑκατέρωθεν. ὃ δὴ προϊόντος τοῦ χρόνου βάρβαροι μὲν ἀφανίζουσι τὸ παράπαν, Ἰουστινιανὸς δὲ ἀνῳκοδομήσατο βασιλεὺς ἐκ θεμελίων 4.7.9 ἀρξάμενος. μετὰ δὲ Τρασμαρίσκαν ἔρυμά τε τὸ Ἀλτηνῶν, καὶ ὅπερ καλοῦσι Κανδιδιάνα, καθῃρημένον πρὸς αὐτῶν πολεμίων πολλῷ πρότερον, ἐπιμελείας ἠξίωσε 4.7.10 κατὰ λόγον τῆς χρείας. ἔστι δὲ τρία ἑξῆς ὀχυρώματα παρὰ τὴν τοῦ Ἴστρου ἠϊόνα, Σαλτουπύργος τε καὶ ∆ο4.7.11 ρόστολος καὶ Συκιδάβα. ὧν δὴ ἑκάστου τὰ πεπονθότα 4.7.12 οὐκ ἀπημελημένως ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπηνώρθωσε. καὶ Κούηστρις δέ, ὅπερ κεῖται τῆς ἀκτῆς ἔκτοσθεν, ἐπιμέλειαν τὴν ὁμοίαν πεποίηται. καὶ Πάλματις ἐν στενῷ κείμενον μεῖζόν τε κατεστήσατο καὶ διαφερόντως εὐρύτερον, καί4.7.13 περ οὐ παρὰ τὴν ἀκτὴν τοῦ ποταμοῦ ὄν. οὗ δὴ ἄγχιστα καὶ φρούριον Ἄδινα καινουργήσας ἐδείματο, ἐπεὶ διηνεκὲς διαλανθάνοντες Σκλαβηνοὶ βάρβαροι ἐνταῦθα ἐνεδρεύοντές τε κεκρυμμένως ἀεὶ τοὺς τῇδε ἰόντας ἄβατα 4.7.14 ἐποίουν τὰ ἐκείνῃ χωρία. καὶ φρούριον δὲ τὸ Τιλικίων ᾠκοδομήσατο, καὶ αὐτοῦ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ κείμενον ἔρυμα. 4.7.15 Οὕτω μὲν καὶ Μυσοῖς τὰ ὀχυρώματα ἐπί τε τῆς ἀκτῆς 4.7.16 ποταμοῦ Ἴστρου ἔσχε καὶ ταύτης πλησίον. ἐπὶ Σκύθας δὲ τὸ λοιπὸν βαδιοῦμαι· ἔνθα δὴ φρούριον πρῶτον Κυρίλλου ἁγίου ἐπώνυμόν ἐστιν, οὗπερ τὰ πεπονηκότα τῷ χρόνῳ ἀνῳκοδομήσατο οὐκ ἀπημελημένως Ἰουστινιανὸς 4.7.17 βασιλεύς. ἐπέκεινά τε αὐτοῦ ἦν μὲν ἐκ παλαιοῦ ὀχύρωμα, Οὐλμιτῶν ὄνομα, βαρβάρων δὲ Σκλαβηνῶν ἐπὶ χρόνου μῆκος ἐκείνῃ τὰς ἐνέδρας πεποιηκότων, διατριβήν τε αὐτόθι ἐπὶ μακρότατον ἐσχηκότων, ἔρημόν τε παντάπασι γέγονε, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτοῦ ὅτι μὴ τὸ ὄνομα, ἐλέλειπτο ἔτι. 4.7.18 ὅλον τοίνυν ἐκ θεμελίων δειμάμενος, ἐλεύθερα τῆς τῶν Σκλαβηνῶν ἐπιθέσεώς τε καὶ ἐπιβουλῆς κατεστήσατο εἶναι 4.7.19 τὰ ἐκείνῃ χωρία. ἔστι δέ που μετὰ τοῦτο Ἰβιδὰ πόλις, ἧς δὴ τοῦ περιβόλου πολλὰ ἐπεπόνθει, ἅπερ ἀνανεωσάμενος οὐδεμιᾷ μελλήσει ἐχυρωτάτην διεπράξατο εἶναι. 4.7.20 φρούριόν τε δεδημιούργηκε νέον αὐτὸς μετ' αὐτήν, ὅπερ Αἴγισσον ὀνομάζουσι. καὶ ἄλλο δὲ φρούριον Σκυθίας ἐν ὑστάτῳ κεῖται, Ἅλμυρις ὄνομα, οὗ δὴ τὰ πολλὰ σαθρὰ γεγονότα διαφανῶς ἀνοικοδομησάμενος διεσώσατο. 4.7.21 ὅσα δὲ καὶ ἄλλα ὀχυρώματα ἐν τῇ τῆς Εὐρώπης μοίρᾳ εἰπεῖν ἄξιον. 4.8.1 Ὅσα μὲν δὴ ἔν τε ∆αρδάνοις καὶ Ἠπειρώταις καὶ Μακεδόσι καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις Ἰλλυριῶν ἔθνεσιν, ἔτι μέντοι καὶ ὅσα ἐπί τε τῆς Ἑλλάδος, καὶ ἀμφὶ ποταμὸν Ἴστρον οἰκοδομήματα Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ εἴργασται, ἤδη μοι 4.8.2 ἔμπροσθεν δεδιήγηται. ἐπὶ τὴν Θρᾴκην δὲ τὸ λοιπὸν ἴωμεν, ἀρίστην πηγνύμενοί τινα τοῦ λόγου κρηπῖδα τὰ ἐπὶ Βυζαντίου χωρία, ἐπεὶ καὶ τῆς Θρᾴκης ἡ πόλις οὐ τῷ κράτει μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ χωρίων προέστηκε φύσει, τῇ μὲν Εὐρώπῃ ὥσπερ τις ἀκρόπολις ἐπεμβαίνουσα, φραττομένη δὲ τῆς διοριζούσης αὐτὴν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀσίας θαλάσ4.8.3 σης τὸ πέρας. ἤδη μὲν οὖν τάς τε ἄλλας ἁπάσας τῆς πόλεως κτίσεις, καὶ ὅσα δὴ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἱεροῖς ἐντός τε καὶ ἐκτὸς τοῦ Κωνσταντινουπόλεως περιβόλου δεδημιούργηκεν, ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν δεδήλωκα λόγοις. τὰ δὲ δὴ ἐνθένδε ἐρῶν ἔρχομαι. 4.8.4 Φρούριόν ἐστιν ἐν προαστείῳ τῆς πόλεως, ὅπερ Στρογγύλον ὁμωνύμως τῇ τοῦ ἐρύματος συνθέσει καλοῦσιν. 4.8.5 ἐντεῦθεν ἡ ἐς τὸ Ῥήγιον ὁδὸς ἄγουσα, ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἀνώμαλος οὖσα, ὄμβρων, ἂν οὕτω τύχοι, ἐπιπεσόντων, τελματώδης τε καὶ δυσπάριτος τοῖς τῇδε ἰοῦσιν 4.8.6 ἐγίνετο. νῦν δὲ λίθοις αὐτὴν καταστρώσας ἁμαξιαίοις ὁ βασιλεὺς οὗτος εὐπετῆ τε