,

calamities of cities streaming together, and the evil by some sudden provi3.12.6 dence was recognized as being absent. In this very year then Justinian is appointed general, the son of Germanus, being numbered among the highest of those in authority. 3.12.7 The general, therefore, was setting right through care the long-untrained deployment of the armies, forming what was unformed 3.12.8 and reshaping toward good order what was disorderly. But the emperor was still gathering forces and was collecting allied troops from the nations, with great expenditures of money procuring that the attacks of the battle-line be unopposed. For the pull of money, administered with prudence, knows how to bring about a return to a better state even for those who have stumbled. 3.12.9 But when the time of the truce was spent and the limit of the armistice for both Romans and Persians had expired, the Persian force arrives near Dara, with this in view of the one guiding the reins of command, Tamchosro, a man greatly honored among the Persians. And the Romans encamp near it 3.12.10 also. But neither force was the first to begin the engagement. But while each force watched and was watched in turn for a long time, the combatants look to words of agreement. Therefore a treaty is made on the condition that in the East for a period of three years the war should observe a calm and cultivate peace, but in 3.12.11 Armenia the conflict should abound. Therefore the Roman general, having passed the city of Amida, encamps in the regions of Armenia, and the king of the Persians also followed and with a great host crosses the Euphra3.12.12 tes. But when it became known to the Roman army that the king of the Persians would prosecute the war in person, the Romans become faint of soul, and not without reason; for the royal presence, having secured for the Persians the success of previous encounters, provided a great inclination towards inaction for the Romans. For this very reason, the general of the Roman army, mounting a certain hill and having stationed the heavy-armed troops around him on level ground, began these words. 3.13.1 "This present day, Romans, will be the beginning of great goods for you, if you would be persuaded by my words. Arm for me your souls before your bodies; let your hearts war before your hands. Let one face danger for another, and you will be saved. 3.13.2 Men, philosophers, (for I call you philosophers rather than soldiers; for to you alone death is a training exercise), show your undying zeal to the 3.13.3 barbarians. Become undaunted in your souls. Think to strike or be struck, as if in another's body receiving the blows of your adversaries. Let the falling enemies be witnesses of your valor; let them, even in death, proclaim 3.13.4 the trophies. Men, partners, partners with us in both toils and applauses because of the war, the battle has become a touchstone of virtue and vice, and is an arbiter of souls; for it will either expose the womanish nature of cowardice, or this day it will proclaim the manliness of courage with crowns and splendid 3.13.5 triumphs. Do not suffer anything from a body-loving soul, offering your backs to the barbarians. This sweet death, practiced by us daily, is a kind of sleep, a sleep longer than this usual one, but very short in relation to 3.13.6 the coming day. Disgrace with safety, men, be ashamed of. This is an immortal death, and a tomb of vice never covering the disgrace of the one who has incurred it. 3.13.7 Let not the king of the Persians disturb you champions, gathering most unwarlike multitudes and boasting and raising his eyebrows and holding his head high and possessing his arrogance only as far as words. Or is not the nation arrogant and pompous and trafficking in power by the boast of magniloquence? 3.13.8 Be unmindful of former misfortunes, having taken remembrance of the attack of the allied forces. Be unmindful of the previous failure, which the folly of a gene3.13.9 ral brought to birth, and the disorder of those being led badly delivered. nothing

πόλεων συρρεύσασαι συμφοραί, καὶ τὸ κακὸν ἀθρόᾳ προ3.12.6 μηθείᾳ τινὶ ἀπόδημον ἐγνωρίζετο. κατὰ τοῦτον δῆτα τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν στρατηγὸς προχειρίζεται ᾿Ιουστινιανός, ὁ τοῦ Γερμανοῦ υἱός, τοῖς κορυφαιοτάτοις τῶν ἐν τέλει συναριθμούμενος. 3.12.7 ὁ μὲν οὖν στρατηγὸς τὴν πάλαι τῶν στρατευμάτων ἀνάσκητον ἔκταξιν δι' ἐπιμελείας ἀνώρθου διατυπῶν τὸ ἀτύπωτον 3.12.8 καὶ μεταπλάττων πρὸς εὐσχημοσύνην τὸ ἄτακτον. ὁ δ' αὐτοκράτωρ ἔτι δυνάμεις συνήθροιζε καὶ τὸ συμμαχικὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἠρανίζετο μεγάλαις χρημάτων ἀποβολαῖς τὰς ἐπιβολὰς τῆς παρατάξεως ἀνανταγωνίστους ἐμπορευόμενος. οἶδε γὰρ χρημάτων ὁλκὴ οἰκονομουμένη μετὰ φρονήσεως καὶ τοῖς προσφαλεῖσι τὴν πρὸς τὸ κρεῖττον ἀνάζευξιν πραγματεύεσθαι. 3.12. ἐπεὶ δ' ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἐκεχειρίας ἀνάλωτο καὶ ὁ τῆς ἀνακωχῆς ὅρος ῾Ρωμαίοις τε καὶ Πέρσαις διέσβεστο, ἀφικνεῖται τὸ Περσικὸν ἐχόμενα τοῦ ∆αράς, εἰς τοῦτο ἰδόντος τοῦ τὰς στρατηγίδας. ἡνίας ἰθύνοντος Ταμχοσρώ, ἀνδρὸς παρὰ Πέρσαις μεγατιμίου. στρατοπεδεύονται δὲ κατ' αὐτὸ καὶ ῾Ρωμαῖοι 3.12.10 πλησίον. τῆς δὲ συμπλοκῆς οὐδετέρα δύναμις γέγονεν ἔξαρχος. ἐπὶ πολὺ δὲ βλεπούσης τε καὶ ἀντιβλεπομένης ἑκατέρας ἰσχύος, εἰς λόγους συμβάσεως ὁρῶσι τὰ μάχιμα. γίνονται τοίνυν σπονδαὶ ἐφ' ᾧ πρὸς τῇ ἕῳ ἐπὶ χρόνους τρεῖς γαλήνην ἄγειν τὸν πόλεμον καὶ φιλοσοφεῖν τὸ ἀπόμαχον, ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς 3.12.11 ᾿Αρμενίας τὴν ἀγωνίαν ἐνδαψιλεύεσθαι. οὐκοῦν ὁ ῾Ρωμαίων στρατηγὸς ᾿Αμίδαν παραμείψας τὴν πόλιν ἐν τοῖς τῆς ᾿Αρμε-νίας στρατοπεδεύεται κλίμασιν, συνείπετο δὲ καὶ ὁ Περσῶν βασιλεὺς καὶ σὺν πλήθει πολλῷ τὸν Εὐφράτην διαπορ3.12.12 θμεύεται. ὁπηνίκα δ' ἐξάκουστος γέγονε τῷ ῾Ρωμαϊκῷ ὁ τῶν Περσῶν βασιλεὺς αὐτουργήσων τὸν πόλεμον, ἔκλυτοι γίνονται τὰς ψυχὰς οἱ ῾Ρωμαῖοι, καὶ οὐκ ἄπο τοῦ δέοντος· ἡ γὰρ βασιλικὴ ἐνδημία τὴν τῶν προϋπαρξάντων κληρωσαμένη Πέρσαις ἐπίτευξιν πολλὴν τὴν τῆς ἀδρανίας ῥοπὴν τοῖς ῾Ρωμαίοις παρείχετο. διά τοι τοῦτο ἐπί τινος λόφου ὁ τοῦ ῾Ρωμαϊκοῦ στρατηγὸς ἐπιβὰς τό τε ὁπλικτικὸν ἐξ ἐπιπέδου περιστησάμενος τῶνδε τῶν λόγων ἀπήρξατο. 3.13.1 "῾Η παροῦσα νῦν ἡμέρα, ῾Ρωμαῖοι, μεγάλων ὑμῖν ἀγαθῶν ἄρξει, τοῖς ἐμοῖς εἰ πεισθείητε ῥήμασιν. ὁπλίσατέ μοι τὰς ψυχὰς πρὸ τοῦ σώματος· αἱ καρδίαι πρὸ τῶν χειρῶν πολεμείτωσαν. ἕτερος ἑτέρου προκινδυνευέτω, καὶ σώζεσθε. 3.13.2 ἄνδρες φιλόσοφοι, (φιλοσόφους γὰρ ὑμᾶς ἢ στρατιώτας ἀποκαλῶ· μόνοις γὰρ ὑμῖν ὁ θάνατος ἄσκησις), ἀθάνατον τοῖς 3.13.3 βαρβάροις τὴν προθυμίαν ἐνδείξασθε. ἀκατάπληκτοι γίνεσθε τὰς ψυχάς. δοκεῖτε βάλλειν ἢ βάλλεσθαι, ὡς ἐν ἀλλοτρίῳ τῷ σώματι τὰς τῶν ἀντιπάλων βολὰς προσιέμενοι. ἔστωσαν μάρτυρες τῆς ὑμῶν ἀρετῆς οἱ πολέμιοι πίπτοντες· διηγεί3.13.4 σθωσαν καὶ τεθνηκότες τὰ τρόπαια. ἄνδρες κοινωνοί, καὶ πόνων ἡμῖν κοινωνοὶ καὶ κρότων διὰ τὸν πόλεμον, ἀρετῆς καὶ κακίας ἡ συμπλοκὴ καθέστηκε βάσανος, καὶ διαιτητής ἐστι ψυχῶν· ἢ γὰρ τὸ θηλυπρεπὲς τῆς δειλίας ἐξήλεγξεν, ἢ τῆς εὐτολμίας τὸ ἀρρενωπὸν μετὰ στεφάνων καὶ θριάμβων 3.13.5 λαμπρῶν ἀναγορεύσει τὸ τήμερον. μὴ πάθητέ τι φιλοσωμάτου ψυχῆς τὰ νῶτα τοῖς βαρβάροις παρέχοντες. ὕπνος τίς ἐστιν ὁ γλυκὺς οὗτος καὶ μεμελετημένος ἡμῖν ὁσημέραι θάνατος, ὕπνος τοῦ μὲν συνήθους τούτου μακρότερος, πρὸς 3.13.6 δὲ τὴν μέλλουσαν ἡμέραν βραχύτατος. ἀδοξίαν μετὰ σωτηρίας, ἄνδρες, αἰσχύνεσθε. τοῦτο θάνατός ἐστιν ἀθάνατος, καὶ τάφος κακίας μηδέποτε περικαλύπτων τῆς ἀσχημοσύνης 3.13.7 τὸν κληρωσάμενον. μὴ ταραττέτω τοὺς ἀριστέας ὑμᾶς ὁ Περσῶν βασιλεὺς ἀναλκέστατα πλήθη περιποιούμενος καὶ μεγαλαυχῶν καὶ τὰς ὀφρῦς ἀνασπῶν ὑψαυχενιζόμενός τε καὶ μέχρι τῶν λόγων κεκτημένος τὸ φύσημα. ἢ οὐ γαῦρον τὸ ἔθνος καὶ σοβαρὸν καὶ τῷ κόμπῳ τῆς μεγαληγορίας τὸ κράτος 3.13.8 ἐπμπορευόμενον; ἀμνημονεῖτε τῶν πρόσθεν ἀτυχημάτων τῆς ἐπιβολῆς τῶν συμμαχικῶν δυνάμεων λαβόντες ἀνάμνησιν. ἀμνημονεῖτε τῆς πρὶν ἀποτεύξεως, ἣν ὤδινεν ἄνοια στρατη3.13. γοῦ, καὶ τῶν ἰθυνομένων ἀταξία κακῶς ἐμαιεύσατο. οὐδὲν