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she repeatedly sent letters, commanding that what had been ordered be brought to completion, and to us who are writing this history she sent down more rational instruction, a copy of which letter it seems right to me to join to the present account for an accurate knowledge of the diligence of the God-loving one. So then, having found fault with us for those things which he had heard were being done there, he wrote the following things word for word. 3.52.1 Victor Constantinus Maximus Augustus to Macarius and the other bishops of Palestine. This also has been a very great benefit to us from my most pious mother-in-law, that she has made known to us by her letters the madness of impious men which had until now lain hidden among you, so that the neglected error might, though late, yet necessarily, receive through us fitting correction and cure. For it is truly a very great impiety that the holy places be stained by the pollutions of the unholy. What then is it, most beloved brothers, which, having escaped your sagacity, the aforementioned, on account of her reverence toward the divine, was not able to keep silent about? The place, which is called by the oak of Mamre, in which we learn that Abraham had his home, she says is being defiled in every way by certain superstitious people; for she has indicated that idols worthy of all destruction are set up beside it and that an altar stands near 3.53.2 and that unclean sacrifices are continually performed. Therefore, since this appears both alien to our times and unworthy of the holiness of the place, I wish your Reverence to know that a letter has been sent by us to Acacius, the most illustrious count and our friend, so that without any delay both whatever idols might be found at the aforementioned place be committed to the fire, and the altar be overturned from its foundations, and, to put it simply, with all such things having been utterly destroyed from there, he should hasten with all strength and means to cleanse the entire surrounding area, and after this, just as you yourselves shall design, to cause a basilica worthy of the catholic and apostolic church to be built upon the same spot. It will be the remaining task of your wisdom and piety, when you learn that all the abominations have been completely removed from there, to come together in the same place along with the bishops from Phoenicia, whom you will be able to summon by the authority of this letter, and to design a basilica worthy of my munificence, so that, in accordance with what has been ordered, with all speed the splendor of the work, in a manner worthy of the antiquity and reverence of the place, may be able to be completed through the providence of our aforementioned count. But before all else I wish you to ensure this, that in the future none of those accursed and abominable men should dare to approach the place; for it is truly unbearable to us and worthy of punishment for all who dare, after our command, for anything impious to be done in such a place, which we have ordered to be adorned with a pure basilica building, so that it may be shown to be a place of assembly worthy of holy men. But if anything should happen contrary to what has been commanded, it must be made known to our Clemency without any delay, clearly by your letters, so that we may order the one caught transgressing to undergo the ultimate punishment. 3.53.3 For you are not ignorant that there first God, the master of all things, both appeared to Abraham and conversed with him. There, then, first the religion of the holy law took its beginning, there first the Savior himself with the two angels lavished his own appearance on Abraham, there God began to appear to men, there he foretold to Abraham concerning his future seed and indeed immediately fulfilled the promise, there he proclaimed beforehand that he would be the father of very many nations. 3.53.4 Since these things are so, it is right, as it at least appears to me, that through our care this place both be kept pure from every defilement and be recalled to its ancient sanctity, as

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ἐπισταλθέντων γραμμάτων ἐπεφοίτα, εἰς πέρας ἀγαγεῖν τὸ προσταχθὲν διακελευομένη, ἡμῖν δὲ τοῖς τήνδε γράφουσι τὴν ἱστορίαν λογικωτέραν κατέπεμπε διδασκαλίαν, ἧς ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ τὸ ἴσον γράμμα τῷ παρόντι συνάψαι λόγῳ εἰς ἀκριβῆ διάγνωσιν τῆς τοῦ θεοφιλοῦς ἐπιμελείας. καταμεμψάμενος γοῦν ἡμῖν ἐφ' οἷς ἐπύθετο πραττομένοις αὐτόθι τάδε κατὰ λέξιν ἔγραφε. 3.52.1 Νικητὴς Κωνσταντῖνος Μέγιστος Σεβαστὸς Μακαρίῳ καὶ λοιποῖς ἐπισκόποις Παλαιστίνης. Ἓν καὶ τοῦτο μέγιστον τῆς ὁσιωτάτης μου κηδεστρίας γέγονεν εἰς ἡμᾶς εὐεργέτημα τὸ λανθάνουσαν μέχρι νῦν παρ' ὑμῖν ἐναγῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀπόνοιαν διὰ τῶν πρὸς ἡμᾶς γνωρίσαι γραμμάτων, ὡς τῆς πρεπούσης ἐπανορθώσεως καὶ θεραπείας εἰ καὶ βραδέως ἀλλ' ὅμως ἀναγκαίως δι' ἡμῶν τὸ παροφθὲν ἁμάρτημα τυχεῖν. καὶ γάρ ἐστιν ὡς ἀληθῶς δυσσέβημα παμμέγεθες τοὺς ἁγίους τόπους ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνοσίων χραίνεσθαι μιασμάτων. τί οὖν ἐστιν, ἀδελφοὶ προσφιλέστατοι, ὃ τὴν ὑμετέραν παρελθὸν ἀγχίνοιαν ἡ προειρημένη διὰ τὴν πρὸς τὸ θεῖον εὐλάβειαν οὐχ οἵα τε γέγονεν ἀποσιωπῆσαι; τὸ χωρίον, ὅπερ παρὰ τὴν δρῦν τὴν Μαμβρῆ προσαγορεύεται, ἐν ᾧ τὸν Ἀβραὰμ τὴν ἑστίαν ἐσχηκέναι μανθάνομεν, παντοίως ὑπό τινων δεισιδαιμόνων μιαίνεσθαί φησιν· εἴδωλά τε γὰρ πάσης ἐξωλείας ἄξια παρ' αὐτὴν ἱδρῦσθαι καὶ βωμὸν ἐδήλωσεν 3.53.2 πλησίον ἑστάναι καὶ θυσίας ἀκαθάρτους συνεχῶς ἐπιτελεῖσθαι. ὅθεν ἐπειδὴ καὶ τῶν καιρῶν τῶν ἡμετέρων ἀλλότριον καὶ τῆς τοῦ τόπου ἁγιότητος ἀνάξιον καταφαίνεται, γινώσκειν ὑμῶν τὴν σεμνότητα βούλομαι δεδηλῶσθαι παρ' ἡμῶν πρὸς Ἀκάκιον τὸν διασημότατον κόμητα καὶ φίλον ἡμέτερον γράμμα, ἵν' ἄνευ τινὸς ὑπερθέσεως καὶ τὰ εἴδωλα ὅσα δ' ἂν ἐπὶ τοῦ προειρημένου εὑρίσκοιτο τόπου πυρὶ παραδοθῇ, καὶ ὁ βωμὸς ἐκ βάθρων ἀνατραπῇ, καὶ ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν, πάντων τῶν τοιούτων ἐκεῖθεν ἄρδην ἀφανισθέντων, παντὶ σθένει καὶ τρόπῳ τὸ περιέχον ὅλον ἐκκαθᾶραι σπουδάσῃ, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα, καθὼς ἂν αὐτοὶ διατυπώσητε, ἀξίαν τῆς καθολικῆς καὶ ἀποστολικῆς ἐκκλησίας βασιλικὴν ἀνοικοδομηθῆναι ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ποιῆσαι χωρίου. λοιπὸν ἔσται τῆς ὑμετέρας συνέσεώς τε καὶ εὐλαβείας, ἐπειδὰν πάντα ἐκεῖθεν τὰ μυσαρὰ παντελῶς ἀνῃρῆσθαι μάθητε, εἰς ταὐτὸ συνελθεῖν ἅμα τοῖς ἐκ Φοινίκης ἐπισκόποις, οὓς προσκαλέσασθαι ἐξ αὐθεντίας τοῦ γράμματος τούτου δυνήσεσθε, καὶ διαγράψαι βασιλικὴν τῆς ἐμῆς φιλοτιμίας ἀξίαν, ὅπως τοῖς προσταχθεῖσιν ἀκολούθως μετὰ πάσης ταχυτῆτος ἡ τοῦ ἔργου φαιδρότης κατ' ἀξίαν τῆς τοῦ τόπου ἀρχαιότητός τε καὶ σεμνότητος προνοίᾳ τοῦ προειρημένου ἡμῶν κόμητος τελεσιουργηθῆναι δυνηθῇ. ἐκεῖνο δὲ πρό γε ἁπάντων παραφυλάξαι ὑμᾶς βούλομαι, ὅπως μηδεὶς πρὸς τοὐπιὸν τῶν ἐναγῶν ἐκείνων καὶ μυσαρῶν ἀνθρώπων τῷ τόπῳ πλησιάσαι τολμήσῃ· ἔστι γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς ἡμῖν ἀφόρητον καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς τολμῶσι τιμωρίας ἄξιον μετὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν κέλευσιν ἀσεβές τι ἐν τῷ τοιούτῳ τόπῳ πραχθῆναι, ὃν καθαρῷ βασιλικῆς οἰκοδομήματι κοσμεῖσθαι διετάξαμεν, ὅπως ἁγίων ἀνθρώπων ἄξιον συνέδριον ἀποδειχθῇ. εἰ δέ τι παρὰ τὸ προσταχθὲν γενέσθαι συμβαίη, χωρίς τινος μελλήσεως τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ ἡμερότητι δι' ὑμετέρων δηλαδὴ γραμμάτων γνωρισθῆναι πρέπει, ἵνα τὸν ἁλισκόμενον ὡς παρανομήσαντα τὴν ἀνωτάτω κόλασιν ὑποστῆναι 3.53.3 προστάξωμεν. οὐ γὰρ ἀγνοεῖτε ἐκεῖ πρῶτον τὸν τῶν ὅλων δεσπότην θεὸν καὶ ὦφθαι τῷ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ διειλέχθαι. ἐκεῖ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον ἡ τοῦ ἁγίου νόμου θρησκεία τὴν καταρχὴν εἴληφεν, ἐκεῖ πρῶτον ὁ σωτὴρ αὐτὸς μετὰ τῶν δύο ἀγγέλων τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐπιφάνειαν τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ἐπεδαψιλεύσατο, ἐκεῖ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ὁ θεὸς ἤρξατο φαίνεσθαι, ἐκεῖ τῷ Ἀβραὰμ περὶ τοῦ μέλλοντος αὐτῷ σπέρματος προηγόρευσεν καὶ παραχρῆμά γε τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν ἐπλήρωσεν, ἐκεῖ πλείστων ὅσων ἐθνῶν ἔσεσθαι αὐτὸν πατέρα προεκήρυξεν. 3.53.4 Ὧν οὕτως ἐχόντων ἄξιόν ἐστιν, ὥς γέ μοι καταφαίνεται, διὰ τῆς ἡμετέρας φροντίδος καὶ καθαρὸν ἀπὸ παντὸς μιάσματος τὸν τόπον τοῦτον φυλάττεσθαι καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἀρχαίαν ἁγιότητα ἀνακαλέσασθαι, ὡς