Epistle XLVIII.327    Oxford ed.: Ep. lii. a.d. 251.

Cyprian’s Answer to Cornelius, Concerning the Crimes of Novatus.

Argument.—He Praises Cornelius, that He Had Given Him Timely Warning, Seeing that the Day After the Guilty Faction Had Come to Him He Had Received Cornelius’ Letter. Then He Describes at Length Novatus’ Crimes, and the Schism that Had Before Been Stirred Up by Him in Africa.

1. Cyprian to Cornelius his brother, greeting. You have acted, dearest brother, both with diligence and love, in sending us in haste Nicephorus the acolyte, who both told us the glorious gladness concerning the return of the confessors, and most fully instructed us against the new and mischievous devices of Novatian and Novatus for attacking the Church of Christ. For whereas on the day before, that mischievous faction of heretical wickedness had arrived here, itself already lost and ready to ruin others who should join it, on the day after, Nicephorus arrived with your letter. From which we both learnt ourselves, and have begun to teach and to instruct others, that Evaristus from being a bishop has now not remained even a layman; but, banished from the see and from the people, and an exile from the Church of Christ, he roves about far and wide through other provinces, and, himself having made shipwreck of truth and faith, is preparing for some who are like him, as fearful shipwrecks. Moreover, that Nicostratus, having lost the diaconate of sacred administrations, because he had abstracted the Church’s money by a sacrilegious fraud, and disowned the deposits of the widows and orphans, did not wish so much to come into Africa as to escape thither from the city, from the consciousness of his rapines and his frightful crimes. And now a deserter and a fugitive from the Church, as if to have changed the clime were to change the man, he goes on to boast and announce himself a confessor, although he can no longer either be or be called a confessor of Christ who has denied Christ’s Church. For when the Apostle Paul says, “For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall cleave unto his wife; and they two shall be one flesh. This is a great mystery; but I speak concerning Christ and the Church;”328    Eph. v. 31, 32.—when, I say, the blessed apostle says this, and with his sacred voice testifies to the unity of Christ with the Church, cleaving to one another with indivisible links, how can he be with Christ who is not with the spouse of Christ, and in His Church?329    [See letter xliv. p. 322, supra.] Or how does he assume to himself the charge of ruling or governing the Church, who has spoiled and wronged the Church of Christ?

2. For about Novatus there need have been nothing told by you to us, since Novatus ought rather to have been shown by us to you, as always greedy of novelty, raging with the rapacity of an insatiable avarice, inflated with the arrogance and stupidity of swelling pride; always known with bad repute to the bishops there; always condemned by the voice of all the priests as a heretic and a perfidious man; always inquisitive, that he may betray: he flatters for the purpose of deceiving, never faithful that he may love; a torch and fire to blow up the flames of sedition; a whirlwind and tempest to make shipwrecks of the faith; the foe of quiet, the adversary of tranquillity, the enemy of peace.  Finally, when Novatus withdrew thence from among you, that is, when the storm and the whirlwind departed, calm arose there in part, and the glorious and good confessors who by his instigation had departed from the Church, after he retired from the city, returned to the Church. This is the same Novatus who first sowed among us the flames of discord and schism; who separated some of the brethren here from the bishop; who, in the persecution itself, was to our people, as it were, another persecution, to overthrow the minds of the brethren. He it is who, without my leave or knowledge, of his own factiousness and ambition appointed his attendant Felicissimus a deacon, and with his own tempest sailing also to Rome to overthrow the Church, endeavoured to do similar and equal things there, forcibly separating a part of the people from the clergy, and dividing the concord of the fraternity that was firmly knit together and mutually loving one another. Since Rome from her greatness plainly ought to take precedence of Carthage, he there committed still greater and graver crimes.330    [“From her greatness;” he does not even mention her dignity as the one and only apostolic see of Western Christendom.  And this is the case in subsequent action of the Great Councils.  Rome, though not the root, was yet a “root and matrix.”] He who in the one place had made a deacon contrary to the Church, in the other made a bishop. Nor let any one be surprised at this in such men. The wicked are always madly carried away by their own furious passions; and after they have committed crimes, they are agitated by the very consciousness of a depraved mind. Neither can those remain in God’s Church, who have not maintained its divine and ecclesiastical discipline, either in the conversation of their life or the peace of their character. Orphans despoiled by him, widows defrauded, moneys moreover of the Church withheld, exact from him those penalties which we behold inflicted in his madness. His father also died of hunger in the street, and afterwards even in death was not buried by him. The womb of his wife was smitten by a blow of his heel; and in the miscarriage that soon followed, the offspring was brought forth, the fruit of a father’s murder. And now does he dare to condemn the hands of those who sacrifice, when he himself is more guilty in his feet, by which the son, who was about to be born, was slain?

3. He long ago feared this consciousness of crime. On account of this he regarded it as certain that he would not only be turned out of the presbytery, but restrained from communion; and by the urgency of the brethren, the day of investigation was coming on, on which his cause was to be dealt with before us, if the persecution had not prevented. He, welcoming this, with a sort of desire of escaping and evading condemnation, committed all these crimes, and wrought all this stir; so that he who was to be ejected and excluded from the Church, anticipated the judgment of the priests by a voluntary departure, as if to have anticipated the sentence were to have escaped the punishment.

4. But in respect to the other brethren, over whom we grieve that they were circumvented by him, we labour that they may avoid the mischievous neighbourhood of the crafty impostor, that they may escape the deadly nets of his solicitations, that they may once more seek the Church from which he deserved by divine authority to be expelled. Such indeed, with the Lord’s help, we trust may return by His mercy, for one cannot perish unless it is plain that he must perish, since the Lord in His Gospel says, “Every planting which my heavenly Father hath not planted shall be rooted up.”331    Matt. xv. 13. He alone who has not been planted in the precepts and warnings of God the Father, can depart from the Church: he alone can forsake the bishops332    [Cyprian’s idea of unity as expounded in his treatise, infra.] and abide in his madness with schismatics and heretics. But the mercy of God the Father, and the indulgence of Christ our Lord, and our own patience, will unite the rest with us. I bid you, dearest brother, ever heartily farewell.

EPISTOLA XLIX. EPISTOLA VII. S. CYPRIANI, CARTHAGINENSIS EPISCOPI, AD CORNELIUM PAPAM. (Erasm. II, 8, Pamel. Rigalt. Baluz. XLIX., Paris. XLVIII, Coustant., I, col. 139, Galland., Bibl. vett. PP. III, pag. 338.)

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ARGUMENTUM.---Diligentiam ejus laudat, qua de perniciosis Novatiani machinis, ac novorum illius legatorum moribus opportune ipsum admonuit. Novati scelera pluribus persequitur, ac suam operam in revocandis iis, quos ille seduxerat, commendat.

CYPRIANUS CORNELIO FRATRI SALUTEM.

I. Et cum diligentia et cum dilectione fecisti, 0726A frater charissime, festinato ad nos mittendo Nicephorum acolythum, qui nobis et de confessoribus regressis gloriosam laetitiam nuntiaret, et adversus Novatiani et Novati novas et perniciosas ad impugnandam Christi Ecclesiam machinas plenissime instrueret. Nam cum pridie istic venisset haereticae pravitatis nocens factio, ipsa jam perdita, et alios, qui sibi consenserint perditura, postero die Nicephorus cum vestris litteris supervenit. Quibus et didicimus, et docere atque instruere caeteros coepimus, Evaristum de episcopo jam nec laicum remansisse, cathedrae et plebis extorrem, et de Ecclesia Christi exsulem, per alias longe provincias oberrare, et ipsum veritatis ac fidei naufragum factum, circa quosdam sui similes paria naufragia concitare : Nicostratum 0726B vero , diaconio sanctae administrationis amisso , ecclesiasticis pecuniis sacrilega fraude subtractis, et viduarum ac pupillorum depositis denegatis, non tam in Africam venire voluisse, quam conscientia rapinarum et criminum nefandorum illinc ab urbe fugisse. Et nunc Ecclesiae desertor ac profugus, quasi mutasse sit hominem mutare regionem, confessorem se ultra jactat et praedicat; cum Christi confessor nec dici nec esse jam possit, qui Ecclesiam Christi negavit. Nam cum Paulus apostolus dicat: Propter hoc relinquet homo patrem et matrem, 0727A et erunt duo in carnem unam; sacramentum istud magnum est , ego autem dico, in Christum et in Ecclesiam (Ephes. V, 31); cum hoc, inquam, beatus Apostolus dicat et Christi pariter atque Ecclesiae unitatem individuis nexibus cohaerentem sancta sua voce testetur; quomodo potest esse cum Christo, qui cum sponsa Christi atque in ejus Ecclesia non est? aut quomodo assumit sibi regendae aut gubernandae Ecclesiae curam, qui spoliavit et fraudavit Ecclesiam Christi?

II. Nam de Novato nihil inde ad nos fuerat nuntiandum, cum magis per nos vobis debeat Novatus ostendi; rerum novarum semper cupidus, avaritiae inexplebili rapacitate furibundus, arrogantia et stupore 0727B superbi tumoris inflatus , semper istic episcopis male cognitus, quasi haereticus semper et perfidus omnium sacerdotum voce damnatus; curiosus semper ut prodat, ad hoc adulatur ut fallat, numquam fidelis ut diligat, fax et ignis ad conflanda seditionis incendia, turbo et tempestas ad fidei facienda naufragia, hostis quietis, tranquillitatis adversarius, pacis inimicus. Denique, Novato illinc a vobis recedente, id 0728A est, procella et turbine recedente, ex parte illic quies facta est, et gloriosi ac boni confessores, qui de Ecclesia, illo incitante, discesserant, postea quam ab Urbe ille discessit, ad Ecclesiam reverterunt. Idem est Novatus, qui apud nos primum discordiae et schismatis incendium seminavit, qui quosdam istic ex fratribus ab episcopo segregavit, qui in ipsa persecutione ad evertendas fratrum mentes alia quaedam persecutio nostris fuit. Ipse est, qui Felicissimum satellitem suum diaconum, nec permittente me, nec sciente, sua factione et ambitione constituit; et cum sua tempestate Romam quoque ad evertendam Ecclesiam navigans, similia illic et paria molitus est, a clero portionem plebis avellens, fraternitatis bene sibi cohaerentis 0728B et se invicem diligentis concordiam scindens. Plane quoniam pro magnitudine sua debeat Carthaginem Roma praecedere, illic majora et graviora commisit. Qui istic adversus Ecclesiam diaconum fecerat, illic episcopum fecit. Nec hoc quisquam miretur in talibus. FERUNTUR SEMPER mali suo furore dementes, et posteaquam scelera fecerint, conscientia ipsa sceleratae mentis agitantur. Nec remanere in 0729A Ecclesia Dei possunt, qui deificam et ecclesiasticam disciplinam nec actus sui conversatione , nec morum pace tenuerunt. Spoliati ab illo pupilli, fraudatae viduae, pecuniae quoque ecclesiae denegatae, has de illo exigunt poenas, quas in ejus furore conspicimus . Pater etiam ejus in vico fame mortuus, et ab eo in morte postmodum nec sepultus. Uterus uxoris calce percussus, et abortione properante in parricidium partus expressus. Et damnare nunc audet sacrificantium manus, cum sit ipse nocentior pedibus, quibus filius, qui nascebatur, occisus est?

III. Hanc conscientiam criminum jam pridem timebat: 0730A propter hoc se non de presbyterio excitari tantum, sed et communicatione prohiberi pro certo tenebat: et urgentibus fratribus imminebat cognitionis dies, quo apud nos causa ejus ageretur, nisi persecutio ante venisset. Quam iste voto quodam evadendae et lucrandae damnationis excipiens, haec omnia commisit et miscuit: ut qui ejici de Ecclesia, et excludi habebat, judicium sacerdotum voluntaria discessione praecederet; quasi evasisse sit poenam, praevenisse sententiam.

IV. Circa caeteros autem fratres elaboramus, quos ab eo circumventos dolemus, ut veteratoris perniciosum 0731A latus fugiant, ut lethales laqueos sollicitantis evadant, ut de qua ille pelli divinitus meruit, Ecclesiam repetant, quos quidem, Domino adjuvante, per ejus misericordiam regredi posse confidimus: neque enim potest perire, nisi quem constat esse periturum, cum Dominus in Evangelio suo dicat: Omnis plantatio, quam non plantavit Pater meus coelestis, eradicabitur (Matth., XV, 13). Qui plantatus non est in praeceptis Dei patris et monitis, solus poterit de Ecclesia illa discedere, solus episcopis derelictis cum schismaticis et haereticis in furore remanere. Caeteros vero nobiscum adunabit Dei Patris misericordia, et Christi Domini nostri indulgentia, et nostra patientia. Opto te, frater charissime, semper bene valere.