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they were lost, but the emperor, finding it impossible to advance further or to retreat, was miserably destroyed. And when the greater part of the army was dispersed, the Persians attacked him as he was growing weak, and though diminished, they attacked him again, who now had not even two myriads, though he had previously led seventeen. But Julian fought most bravely; but one from the Persian phalanx of the so-called Saracens, recognizing the emperor by his purple robe, cried out in his native tongue, "Malchan," meaning "king;" and letting fly with a whiz the so-called rhomphaia, he pierced him through the abdomen. And when Oribasius brought him to the camp and advised him to make his last arrangements, he himself voted for Jovian to be emperor and died. 4.119 The winds blowing from a major source are divided into twelve parts of the horizon, the names of which we also know from other sources ...., and those blowing from the north and its pole are called Aparktiai, those from the equinoctial west Zephyroi, those from the unseen south Notoi, and those from the equinoctial east Apeliotai; And of those between the ones mentioned, the one next to Aparktias is Kaikias, which some also call Thraskias, and the one next to Zephyros is Argestes, which some call Olympias and others Iapyx; and of those between Zephyros and Notos, the one next to Zephyros is Lips, and the one next to Notos is Libonotos; and of those between Notos and Euros, the one blowing near Notos is called Euronotos, and the one next to Apeliotes is Euros; and similarly, between Apeliotes and Aparktias, the one next to Apeliotes is called Kaikias, and the one next to Aparktias is Boreas. And of those not from a major source, the one from a small gust of a cloud is an Eknephias, the one from certain bays and valleys a Kolpias, and the one from the earth and a whirlwind a Gnophias. For these happen to be breezes and currents of air, and not without reason are they called winds, when they are borne from either lakes or rivers; and similar to these are also the offshore winds, whence reasonably the state of still air is called a calm. 4.120 During the month of August, the oracle decrees that those who wish for their joints to be healthy should abstain from mallow. 4.121 September. We were speaking a true account, that the Romans established the month of March as the beginning of the year, as can be gathered from the name of our present month; for they named it September, as if the seventh from spring—for septem is seven and ver is spring—that is, from the month of March, in which on the twenty-fourth day the sun, being in Aries, causes the nature of spring to begin. And then it will not be necessary to speak at length about the names of the following months; for October is the eighth from the Auxiphotia, and likewise November and December. 4.122 Divine is the number nine, being composed of three triads, and preserving the heights of theology according to the Chaldean philosophy, as Porphyry says. 4.123 On the new moon, Metrodorus says that Andromeda rises and, with the other winds ceasing, the east wind prevails. 4.124 Four days before the Nones of September, Augustus defeated the Egyptians with Antony and Cleopatra at Leucate; and for this reason, he introduced the cycle of the so-called indiction to be numbered from the beginning of the month of September. On this day, Democritus says that a change of winds and a prevalence of rain occurs. 4.125 The differences of flavors are many according to Apollonius, but there are nine general ones: sweet, bitter, sour, pungent, tart, astringent, slimy, harsh, salty. Whence indeed also

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ἀπώλοντο, ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς οὐδὲ προελθεῖν ἐπέκεινα οὐδὲ ἀναστρέψαι τὸ λοιπὸν εὑρίσκων, οἰκτρῶς ἐφθείρετο. ὡς δὲ τὸ πολὺ μέρος τῆς στρατιᾶς διέπεσεν, ἀσθενοῦντι αὐτῷ ἐπῆλθον οἱ Πέρσαι, ἐλαττωθέντες δὲ καὶ οὕτως αὖθις ἐπιτίθενται μηδὲ δύο μυριάδας ἔχοντι τῷ πρὶν ἑπτακαίδεκα ἐπαγομένῳ. ὁ δὲ Ἰουλιανὸς ἐμαχέσατο ἄριστα· εἷς δὲ ἐκ τῆς Περσικῆς φάλαγγος τῶν λεγομένων Σαρακηνῶν, ἐκ τῆς ἁλουργίδος βασιλέα ὑπολαβὼν ἀνέκραγε πατρίως «μαλχάν» οἱονεὶ βασιλεύς· καὶ ἐπαφεὶς ῥοίζῳ τὴν λεγομένην ῥομφαίαν διήλασεν αὐτὸν κατὰ τοῦ ἤτρου. τοῦ δὲ Ὀρειβασίου κομίσαντος αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν παρεμβολὴν καὶ διαθέσθαι τὰ τελευταῖα παραινοῦντος, Ἰουβιανὸν μὲν αὐτὸς ψηφισάμενος βασιλεύειν ἐτελεύτα. 4.119 Οἱ μὲν ἀπὸ μεγάλης ἀρχῆς ῥέοντες ἄνεμοι εἰς δώδεκα μέρη τοῦ ὁρίζοντος διαιροῦνται, ὧν καὶ ἴσμεν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν ἄλλοις ...., καὶ οἱ μὲν ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἄρκτων καὶ τοῦ κατ' αὐτὰς πόλου ῥέοντες ἀπαρκτίαι καλοῦνται, οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ δύσεως ἰσημερινῆς ζέφυροι, οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀφανοῦς νότοι, οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ ἀνατολῆς ἰσημερινῆς ἀπηλιῶται· τῶν δὲ μεταξὺ τῶν εἰρημένων ὁ μὲν προσεχὴς τῷ ἀπαρκτίᾳ καικίας, ὃν ἔνιοι καὶ θρασκίαν λέγουσιν, ὁ δὲ τῷ ζεφύρῳ ἀργέστης, ὃν οἱ μὲν ὀλυμπίαν, οἱ δὲ ἰάπυγα καλοῦσι· τῶν δὲ μεταξὺ ζεφύρου καὶ νότου ὁ μὲν προσεχὴς τῷ ζεφύρῳ λίψ, ὁ δὲ τῷ νότῳ λιβόνοτος· τῶν δὲ μεταξὺ νότου τε καὶ εὔρου ὁ μὲν πλησίον φερόμενος τῷ νότῳ εὐρόνοτος καλεῖται, ὁ δὲ τῷ ἀπηλιώτῃ εὖρος· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἀπηλιώτου μεταξὺ καὶ ἀπαρκτίου, ὁ μὲν προσεχὴς τῷ ἀπηλιώτῃ καλεῖται καικίας, ὁ δὲ τῷ ἀπαρκτίᾳ βορέας. τῶν δὲ μὴ ἀπὸ μεγάλης ἀρχῆς ὁ μὲν ἀπ' ὀλίγης φορᾶς νέφους ἐκνεφίας, ὁ δὲ ἀπὸ κόλπων τινῶν καὶ διασφαγῶν κολπίας, ὁ δὲ ἀπὸ γῆς καὶ συστροφῆς ἀέρος γνοφίας. αὖραι γὰρ αὗται καὶ ῥύσεις ἀέρων τυγχάνουσιν οὖσαι, καὶ οὐκ ἀλόγως ἄνεμοι καλοῦνται, ὅτε ἢ ἀπὸ λιμνῶν ἢ ποταμῶν φέρονται· ὅμοιοι δὲ τούτων εἰσὶ καὶ οἱ ἀπόγειοι, ὅθεν εὐλόγως ἀέρος ἠρεμοῦντος τὸ κατάστημα καλεῖται νηνεμία. 4.120 Κατὰ δὲ τὸν Αὔγουστον μῆνα μαλάχης ἀπέχεσθαι τοῖς γε βουλομένοις ὑγιαίνειν τὰ ἄρθρα τὸ λόγιον θεσπίζει. 4.121 Σεπτέμβριος. Ἀληθῆ λόγον ἐλέγομεν, ὡς ἀρχὴν ἐνιαυτοῦ τὸν Μάρτιον μῆνα ἔταττον οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι, ὡς ἐκ τῆς τοῦ παρόντος ἡμῖν μῆνός ἐστι λαβεῖν προσηγορίας· Σεπτέμβριον γὰρ αὐτὸν ὠνόμασαν, οἷον ἕβδομον ἀπὸ τοῦ ἦρος-σέπτεμ γὰρ τὰ ἑπτὰ καὶ βὲρ τὸ ἔαρ-τουτέστι τοῦ Μαρτίου μηνός, οὗ κατὰ τὴν τετάρτην καὶ εἰκοστὴν ὁ ἥλιος ἐν κριῷ γενόμενος τοῦ ἦρος δίδωσι τὴν φύσιν ἐνάρχεσθαι. κἄπειτα οὐ δεήσει περὶ τῆς τῶν ἑπομένων προσηγορίας μακρηγορεῖν· ὄγδοος γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν Αὐξιφωτίων Ὀκτώβριος, καὶ Νοέμβριος καὶ ∆εκέμβριος ὁμοίως. 4.122 Θεῖος ὁ τῆς ἐννάδος ἀριθμὸς ἐκ τριῶν τριάδων πληρούμενος, καὶ τὰς ἀκρότητας τῆς θεολογίας κατὰ τὴν Χαλδαϊκὴν φιλοσοφίαν, ὥς φησιν ὁ Πορφύριος, ἀποσώζων. 4.123 Τῇ νεομηνίᾳ ὁ Μητρόδωρος λέγει τὴν Ἀνδρομέδαν ἀνίσχειν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων παυομένων ἀνέμων τὸν εὖρον ἐπικρατεῖν. 4.124 Τῇ πρὸ τεσσάρων Νωνῶν Σεπτεμβρίων ἐνίκησεν ὁ Αὔγουστος παρὰ τὸν Λευκάτην τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους μετὰ Ἀντωνίου καὶ Κλεοπάτρας· καὶ τούτου χάριν τὸν τῆς λεγομένης ἰνδικτιῶνος κύκλον ἐκ προοιμίων τοῦ Σεπτεμβρίου μηνὸς ἀριθμεῖσθαι εἰσήγαγεν. ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ὁ ∆ημόκριτος λέγει ἐναλλαγὴν ἀνέμων συμβαίνειν καὶ βροχῆς ἐπικράτειαν. 4.125 Πλείους μὲν αἱ χυμῶν διαφοραὶ κατὰ τὸν Ἀπολλώνιον, γενικαὶ δὲ ἐννέα· γλυκεῖα πικρὰ ὀξεῖα δριμεῖα βριγχὴ στρυφνὴ βλεννώδης αὐστηρὰ ἁλμυρά. ὅθεν δὴ καὶ