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the words concerning the future good things, and the words concerning the resurrection, being confirmed from this point on, even among the unbelievers themselves.

19. And that these things are not a boast is clear from this: for when we tell them of the way of life of those in the deserts, they have nothing to say against it, but seem to insist and contend about the fewness of those who succeed. But if we had planted this fruit in the cities, and the matters of good order had received a certain law and principle, and we had trained our children before all other things to be friends to God, and had taught spiritual lessons instead of and before all other things, all grievous things would have leaped away, and the present life would have been delivered from ten thousand evils, and what is said concerning the life to come, that pain and grief and 47.382 groaning have fled away, we would all have reaped from this. For if neither the love of money, nor of empty glory, had entered into us, if we did not fear death, nor poverty, if we did not consider suffering evil a harm, but even a very great gain, if we knew not to be hated, not to hate, we would never have been warred against either by our own passions, or by those of others, but the race of men would have become near to the angels themselves. And who among men has achieved these things, he says? It is reasonable that you disbelieve, since you live in cities, and have not conversed with the divine books; but if you had known those in the deserts, and those of old in the spiritual books, you would have learned that both the monks, and the apostles before them, and the righteous before those, displayed this philosophy with all exactness. But that we may not be contentious with you, let us grant that your son may become one of the second or third rank after them; for not even so will he enjoy small good things. He does not reach to Peter, nor to Paul, nor even come near them; shall we therefore deprive him also of the honor after them? For in saying these things you are doing the same as if you said: Since it is not possible for it to become a precious stone, let it remain iron, and become neither silver nor gold. For why do you not have this reasoning also in external matters, but rather the opposite to this? For when you send him to the learning of letters, you do not expect to see him in every case at the top, but nevertheless you do not for this reason withdraw him from the study of these things, but you fulfill all that is on your part, thinking it a desirable thing, if it should happen that your son become fifth or tenth from the first in the power of letters. And when you enroll your sons to serve the emperor, you do not expect in every case that they will ascend to the throne of the prefects; but nevertheless you do not command them to loose their belt, or not even to set foot in the palace at all, but you manage all things so that they may never fall from their service there, thinking it sufficient to see them numbered even among the middle ranks. For what reason then, in those matters, even if it is not possible to attain the greater things, do you nevertheless toil and labor for the lesser, and in these matters again, the hope being uncertain, yet here you hesitate and shrink back? Because for those things you have a great desire, but for these not even a slight one; then, being ashamed to confess this, you have devised excuses and pretexts; as if you truly wished, nothing of these things would have hindered you. For so it is: whatever a man may happen to love genuinely, even if he does not obtain the whole, nor the highest, he would choose to attain at least the middle, or rather even that which is after it, ten thousand times. For the wine-lover and drunkard, even if it is not possible to get sweet and fragrant wine, will never despise even the most common; and the lover of money again, even if someone offers him not precious stones, nor gold, but silver, will be very grateful. For such is desire, a tyrannical thing and sufficient to persuade everyone who is caught by it, to suffer and endure anything for whatever it may be; so that if these words were not an excuse, it would be necessary to cooperate and labor together. For it is not the part of one who desires something to happen to hinder it from happening, but to do everything so that it might happen. For those who enter the Olympic games, knowing that in 47.383

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τοὺς τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν, καὶ τοὺς τῆς ἀναστάσεως λόγους ἐντεῦθεν ἤδη πιστουμένους, καὶ παρ' αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἀπίστοις.

ιθʹ. Καὶ ὅτι οὐ κόμπος ταῦτα δῆλον ἐκεῖθεν· ὅταν γὰρ αὐτοῖς τὴν πολιτείαν λέγωμεν τῶν ἐν ταῖς ἐρήμοις ὄντων, πρὸς μὲν ταύτην οὐδὲν ἔχουσιν ἀντειπεῖν, δοκοῦσι δὲ ἰσχυρίζεσθαι καὶ φιλονεικεῖν τῇ τῶν κατορθούντων ὀλιγότητι. Εἰ δὲ ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι τὸν καρπὸν ἐφυτεύσαμεν τοῦτον, καὶ νόμον τινὰ καὶ ἀρχὴν τὰ τῆς εὐταξίας ἔλαβε, καὶ τοὺς παῖδας πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων ἐπαιδεύομεν φίλους εἶναι τῷ Θεῷ, καὶ τὰ πνευματικὰ ἐδιδάσκομεν μαθήματα ἀντὶ τῶν ἄλλων καὶ πρὸ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων, πάντα ἂν ἀπεπήδησε τὰ λυπηρὰ, καὶ μυρίων ἀπηλλάγη κακῶν ὁ βίος ὁ παρὼν, καὶ ὃ περὶ τῆς μελλούσης λέγεται ζωῆς, ὅτι ἀπέδρα ὀδύνη καὶ λύπη καὶ 47.382 στεναγμὸς, ἐντεῦθεν ἂν ἐκαρπωσάμεθα πάντες. Εἰ γὰρ μήτε χρημάτων, μήτε δόξης ἔρως ἡμᾶς εἰσῄει κενῆς, μήτε θάνατον ἐδεδίειμεν, μὴ πενίαν, μὴ τὸ κακῶς παθεῖν βλάβην ἡγούμεθα, ἀλλὰ καὶ κέρδος μέγιστον, μὴ ἀπεχθάνεσθαι, μὴ μισεῖν ᾔδειμεν, οὔτ' ἂν ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων παθῶν, οὔτ' ἂν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων ἐπολεμήθημέν ποτε, ἀλλ' αὐτῶν τῶν ἀγγέλων ἐγγὺς ἂν τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐγένετο γένος. Καὶ τίς ἀνθρώπων ταῦτα κατώρθωσε, φησίν; Εἰκότως ἀπιστεῖς, ἅτε ἐν πόλεσιν οἰκῶν, καὶ ταῖς θείαις βίβλοις οὐχ ὡμιληκώς· εἰ δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἐρήμοις ὄντας, καὶ τοὺς ἐν ταῖς πνευματικαῖς βίβλοις γενομένους πάλαι ἐγνώκεις, ἔμαθες ἂν ὅτι καὶ οἱ μοναχοὶ, καὶ οἱ πρὸ τούτων ἀπόστολοι, καὶ οἱ πρὸ ἐκείνων δίκαιοι μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἁπάσης τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ἐπεδείξαντο ταύτην. Ἵνα δέ σοι μὴ φιλονεικῶμεν, δῶμεν τῶν δευτέρων ἢ τρίτων ἀπ' ἐκείνων γενέσθαι τὸν υἱὸν τὸν σόν· οὐδὲ γὰρ οὕτω μικρῶν ἀπολαύσεται ἀγαθῶν. Οὐ φθάνει πρὸς Πέτρον ἐλθεῖν, οὐδὲ Παῦλον, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ γενέσθαι αὐτῶν ἐγγύς· διὰ τοῦτο οὖν αὐτὸν καὶ τῆς μετ' ἐκείνους ἀποστερήσομεν τιμῆς; Ταυτὸν γὰρ ποιεῖς ταῦτα λέγων, ὡς ἂν εἰ ἔλεγες· Ἐπειδὴ λίθον τίμιον γενέσθαι οὐκ ἔνι, μενέτω σίδηρος ὢν, καὶ μήτε ἄργυρος γενέσθω, μήτε χρυσός. ∆ιὰ τί γὰρ μὴ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔξωθεν πράγμασι τοῦτον ἔχεις τὸν λογισμὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἐναντίον τούτῳ; Καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ λόγων μάθησιν πέμπων, οὐ πάντως αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄκροις ὄψεσθαι προσδοκᾷς, ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐ διὰ ταῦτα ἀπάγεις τῆς περὶ ταῦτα σπουδῆς, ἀλλὰ πάντα πληροῖς τὰ παρὰ σαυτοῦ, ἀγαπητὸν εἶναι νομίζων, ἂν πέμπτον ἢ δέκατον ἀπὸ τῶν πρώτων συμβῇ γενέσθαι τὸν υἱὸν ἐν τῇ τῶν λόγων δυνάμει. Καὶ βασιλεῖ δὲ στρατεύοντες τοὺς υἱεῖς οὐ πάντως ἐπὶ τὸν τῶν ὑπάρχων αὐτοὺς ἀναβήσεσθαι προσδοκᾶτε θρόνον· ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐ διακελεύεσθε λῦσαι τὴν ζώνην, ἢ μηδὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐπιβῆναι τῶν βασιλείων, ἀλλὰ πάντα πραγματεύεσθε, ὡς μηδέποτε αὐτοὺς τῆς ἐκεῖθεν διατριβῆς ἐκπεσεῖν, ἀρκεῖν ἡγούμενοι τὸ καὶ ἐν τοῖς μέσοις ἀριθμουμένους ὁρᾷν. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ἐκεῖ μὲν, κἂν μὴ τῶν μειζόνων ἐξῇ λαβέσθαι, ὅμως ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐλαττόνων κόπτεσθε καὶ ταλαιπωρεῖσθε, κἀν τούτοις πάλιν τῆς ἐλπίδος οὔσης ἀδήλου, ἐνταῦθα δὲ ὀκνεῖτε καὶ ἀναδύεσθε; Ὅτι ἐκείνων μὲν πολλὴν ἔχετε τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν, τούτων δὲ οὐδὲ βραχεῖαν· εἶτα αἰσχυνόμενοι τοῦτο ὁμολογῆσαι σκήψεις ἐπενοήσατε καὶ προφάσεις· ὡς εἴ γε ἀληθῶς ἐβούλεσθε, οὐδὲν ἂν ὑμᾶς τούτων ἐκώλυσε. Καὶ γὰρ οὕτως ἔχει· ὅτου τις ἂν ἐρῶν τύχῃ γνησίως, κἂν μὴ τοῦ παντὸς, μηδὲ τοῦ ἀνωτάτω περιγένηται, τοῦ γοῦν μέσου, μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ τοῦ μετ' ἐκεῖνον μυριάκις ἂν ἕλοιτο ἐπιτυχεῖν. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ φίλοινος καὶ φιλοπότης, κἂν μὴ τὸν ἡδὺν καὶ ἀνθοσμίαν ἐξῇ λαβεῖν οἶνον, οὐδὲ τοῦ φαυλοτάτου καταφρονήσει ποτέ· καὶ ὁ φιλοχρήματος πάλιν, κἂν μὴ λίθους τιμίους, μηδὲ χρυσίον, ἀλλ' ἀργύριον αὐτῷ τις παρέχῃ, πολλὴν εἴσεται χάριν. Τοιοῦτον γὰρ ἡ ἐπιθυμία, τυραννικόν τι πρᾶγμα καὶ ἱκανὸν πεῖσαι πάντα τὸν ἁλόντα, ὑπὲρ, ὁτουοῦν καὶ παθεῖν καὶ ὑπομεῖναι· ὥστε εἰ μὴ σκῆψις ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα ἦν, συμπράττειν ἐχρῆν καὶ συμπονεῖν. Τοῦ γὰρ ἐπιθυμοῦντός τι γενέσθαι οὐ τὸ γενέσθαι κωλύειν ἐστὶν, ἀλλὰ τὸ πάντα ποιεῖν ὅπως ἂν γένοιτο. Καὶ γὰρ οἱ καθιέντες εἰς τοὺς Ὀλυμπιακοὺς ἀγῶνας, εἰδότες ὅτι ἐν 47.383