John Chrysostom, On Romans

the rich are no different from those who are troubled, with all barking around them, tearing, pulling, not only of men, but also of base passions, gluttony, drunkenness, flattery, all licentiousness. And if we must lend, we seek out those who give a great deal, and we look around for those who are fair-minded; but here we do the opposite; we let go of God who is fair-minded and provides not one percent, but a hundredfold, but we seek after those who will not repay us even the principal. 8. For what will the belly repay us for consuming the most? Dung and corruption. And what of vainglory? Envy and the evil eye. And what of stinginess? Anxiety and care. And what of licentiousness? Gehenna and the venomous worm. For these are the debtors of the rich, paying them interest on their principal: the evils here and the terrible things to be expected. To these, then, tell me, shall we lend for so great a punishment, and not entrust it to Christ, who offers heaven, immortal life, the ineffable good things? And what defense shall we have? For what reason do you not give to one who will certainly give, and who will give more? Perhaps, because He gives after a long time? And yet He gives here too; for He who says, ‘Seek the kingdom of heaven, and all these things shall be added to you,’ is true. Have you seen the excess of generosity? ‘Those things,’ He says, ‘are kept for you and are not diminished, but these things here I give in the manner of an addition and abundance.’ But apart from these things, even receiving after a long time increases your wealth; for the interest becomes greater. For in the case of borrowers, we see lenders do this, lending more readily to those who will pay back after a long time. For the one who repays the whole amount immediately has cut off the course of the interest; but the one who has held it for a longer time has also made the profit greater. Then in the case of men, we are not displeased with 60.452 the delay, but we even contrive for it to be longer, 60.452 but in the case of God, shall we be so faint-hearted as to hesitate and shrink back for this reason? And yet, as I said, He both gives here, and besides the aforementioned reason, through another, greater economy He stores up the whole there. For the greatness of the things given, and the beauty of that gift, surpasses the meanness of the present life. For it is not possible in a corruptible and mortal body to receive those unfading crowns, nor in the present way of life, which is noisy and full of turmoil and has many changes, to attain that unshakable and untroubled portion. But you, if someone who owed you gold, living in a foreign land, and having neither servants nor the ability to transport it to your house, promised to give you the loan, you would have begged him ten thousand times not to pay it in the foreign land, but rather at home; but those spiritual and ineffable things you deem worthy to receive here? And how great a folly is this? For if you receive here, you will certainly receive corruptible things; but if you await that time, He will repay you with incorruptible and pure things; if you receive here, you have received lead; but if there, proven gold. Nevertheless, He has not deprived you even of the things here. For with that promise He has also set another, saying thus, that ‘Everyone who loves the things there, shall receive a hundredfold in this age, and shall inherit eternal life.’ But if we do not receive a hundredfold, we are the cause for not lending to the one who is able to give so much; since all who have given have received so much, although they gave little. For what great thing did Peter give, tell me? Was it not only a torn net and a reed and a hook? But nevertheless God opened to him the houses of the inhabited world, and spread out the land and the sea, and all called him into their own; rather, selling their own things, they brought them to his feet, not even putting them into his hands (for they did not dare), bestowing upon him such honor along with the abundance. But he was Peter, you say. And what of that, O man? For He did not promise these things to Peter alone, nor

ἐνοχλουμένων οὐδὲν διαφέρουσιν οἱ πλουτοῦντες, πάντων ὑλακτούντων περὶ αὐτοὺς, σπαραττόντων, ἑλκόντων οὐκ ἀνθρώπων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ παθῶν ἀνελευθέρων, γαστριμαργίας, μέθης, κολακείας, ἀσελγείας ἁπάσης. Κἂν μὲν δανείζειν δέῃ, τοὺς πολὺ διδόντας περιεργαζόμεθα, καὶ τοὺς εὐγνώμονας περισκοποῦμεν· ἐνταῦθα δὲ τοὐναντίον ποιοῦμεν· τὸν μὲν εὐγνωμονοῦντα Θεὸν καὶ οὐχὶ ἑκατοστὴν, ἀλλὰ ἑκατονταπλασίονα παρέχοντα ἀφίεμεν, τοὺς δὲ οὐκ ἀποδώσοντας ἡμῖν οὐδὲ τὸ κεφάλαιον, τούτους ἐπιζητοῦμεν. ηʹ. Τί γὰρ ἡμῖν ἡ γαστὴρ ἀποδώσει τὰ πλείονα καταναλίσκουσα; Κόπρον καὶ φθοράν. Τί δὲ ἡ κενοδοξία; Φθόνον καὶ βασκανίαν. Τί δὲ ἡ φειδωλία; Φροντίδα καὶ μέριμναν. Τί δὲ ἡ ἀσέλγεια; Γέενναν καὶ σκώληκα ἰοβόλον. Οὗτοι γὰρ τῶν πλουτούντων οἱ χρεῶσται, τούτους τοῦ κεφαλαίου τοὺς τόκους καταβάλλοντες, τὰ ἐνταῦθα κακὰ καὶ τὰ προσδοκώμενα δεινά. Τούτοις οὖν, εἰπέ μοι, δανείσομεν ἐπὶ τοσαύτῃ κολάσει, καὶ οὐ πιστεύσομεν αὐτὰ τῷ Χριστῷ τῷ τὸν οὐρανὸν προτείνοντι, τὴν ζωὴν τὴν ἀθάνατον, τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα ἀγαθά; καὶ ποίαν ἕξομεν ἀπολογίαν; Τίνος γὰρ ἕνεκεν οὐ δίδως τῷ καὶ δώσοντι πάντως, καὶ πλείονα δώσοντι; Τάχα, ὅτι διὰ πολλοῦ δίδωσι χρόνου; Καίτοι γε καὶ ἐνταῦθα δίδωσιν· ἀψευδὴς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ λέγων, Ζητεῖτε τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν, καὶ ταῦτα πάντα προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν. Εἶδες φιλοτιμίας ὑπερβολήν; Ἐκεῖνά σοι, φησὶ, τετήρηνται καὶ οὐ μειοῦνται, ταῦτα δὲ τὰ ἐνταῦθα ἐν τάξει προσθήκης καὶ περιουσίας δίδωμι. Χωρὶς δὲ τούτων καὶ τὸ διὰ μακροῦ λαβεῖν τοῦ χρόνου πλεονάζει σοι τὸν πλοῦτον· ὁ γὰρ τόκος γίνεται πλείων. Καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν δανειζομένων τοῦτο ὁρῶμεν τοὺς δανειστὰς ποιοῦντας προθυμότερον τοῖς μετὰ πολὺν καταβάλλουσι χρόνον δανείζοντας. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ εὐθέως τὸ πᾶν ἀποδοὺς ἐνέκοψε τοῦ τόκου τὸν δρόμον· ὁ δὲ ἐπὶ πλείονα κατασχὼν χρόνον, καὶ τὴν ἐργασίαν πλείω πεποίηκεν Εἶτα ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπων μὲν οὐ δυσχεραίνομεν 60.452 τὴν ἀναβολὴν, ἀλλὰ καὶ σοφιζόμεθα αὐτὴν πλείω 60.452 γενέσθαι, ἐπὶ Θεοῦ δὲ οὕτω μικροψύχως διακεισόμεθα, ὡς διὰ τοῦτο ὀκνεῖν καὶ ἀναδύεσθαι; καίτοι γε, ὅπερ ἔφην, καὶ ἐνταῦθα δίδωσι, καὶ μετὰ τῆς εἰρημένης αἰτίας καὶ ἕτερόν τι μεῖζον οἰκονομῶν ἐκεῖ ταμιεύεται τὸ πᾶν. Τὸ γὰρ μέγεθος τῶν διδομένων, καὶ τὸ κάλλος τῆς δωρεᾶς ἐκείνης ὑπερβαίνει τῆς παρούσης ζωῆς τὴν εὐτέλειαν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ δυνατὸν ἐν σώματι φθαρτῷ καὶ ἐπικήρῳ τοὺς ἀμαράντους ἐκείνους δέξασθαι στεφάνους, οὐδὲ ἐν τῇ παρούσῃ διαγωγῇ, καὶ θορυβώδει καὶ ταραχῆς γεμούσῃ καὶ πολλὰς ἐχούσῃ τροπὰς, τὴν ἀκίνητον ἐκείνην καὶ ἀτάρακτον λῆξιν καταλαβεῖν. Σὺ δὲ, εἰ μέν τίς σοι χρυσίον ὀφείλων ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ διατρίβοντι γῇ, καὶ οὔτε οἰκέτας ἔχοντι, οὔτε δυναμένῳ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν μετακομίσαι, δώσειν ἐπηγγέλλετο τὸ δάνεισμα, μυρία ἂν παρεκάλεσας, ὥστε μὴ ἐπὶ τῆς ξένης, ἀλλ' οἴκοι μᾶλλον αὐτὰ καταβαλεῖν· τὰ δὲ πνευματικὰ ἐκεῖνα καὶ ἀπόῤῥητα ἐνταῦθα ἀξιοῖς λαβεῖν; καὶ πόσης ταῦτα ἀνοίας; Ἂν μὲν γὰρ ἐνταῦθα λάβῃς, φθαρτὰ λήψῃ πάντως· ἂν δὲ ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρὸν ἀναμείνῃς, ἄφθαρτα ἀποδώσει σοι καὶ ἀκήρατα· ἂν ἐνταῦθα λάβῃς, μόλιβδον ἔλαβες· ἂν δὲ ἐκεῖ, χρυσὸν δόκιμον. Πλὴν οὐδὲ τῶν ἐνταῦθά σε ἀπεστέρησε. Μετὰ γὰρ ἐκείνης τῆς ὑποσχέσεως καὶ ἑτέραν τέθεικεν οὕτω λέγων, ὅτι Πᾶς ὁ τῶν ἐκεῖ πραγμάτων ἐρῶν, ἑκατονταπλασίονα λήψεται ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ, καὶ ζωὴν αἰώνιον κληρονομήσει. Εἰ δὲ οὐ λαμβάνομεν ἑκατονταπλασίονα, ἡμεῖς αἴτιοι μὴ δανείζοντες τῷ δυναμένῳ τοσοῦτον δοῦναι· ἐπεὶ οἵ τε δόντες ἅπαντες τοσαῦτα ἔλαβον, καίτοι γε ὀλίγα δόντες. Τί γὰρ μέγα ἔδωκεν ὁ Πέτρος, εἰπέ μοι; οὐχὶ δίκτυον διεῤῥωγὸς καὶ κάλαμον καὶ ἄγκιστρον μόνον; Ἀλλ' ὅμως αὐτῷ τὰς οἰκίας τῆς οἰκουμένης ἀνέῳξεν ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ γῆν καὶ θάλατταν ἥπλωσε, καὶ πάντες αὐτὸν εἰς τὰ αὑτῶν ἐκάλουν· μᾶλλον δὲ τὰ αὑτῶν πωλοῦντες πρὸς τοὺς ἐκείνου ἔφερον πόδας, οὐδὲ εἰς χεῖρας ἐμβάλλοντες (οὐ γὰρ ἐτόλμων), τοσαύτην μετὰ τῆς δαψιλείας καὶ τὴν τιμὴν αὐτῷ ἀπονέμοντες. Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνος Πέτρος ἦν, φησί. Καὶ τί τοῦτο, ἄνθρωπε; οὐδὲ γὰρ Πέτρῳ ἐπηγγείλατο ταῦτα μόνον, οὐδὲ