Homily L.

John vii. 25–27

“Then said some of them of Jerusalem, Is not this he, whom they seek to kill? But, lo, he speaketh boldly, and they say nothing unto him. Do the rulers know indeed that this is the very Christ? Howbeit we know this man whence he is.”

[1.] Nothing is placed in the Holy Scriptures without a reason, for they were uttered by the Holy Ghost, therefore let us enquire exactly into every point. For it is possible from one expression to find out the entire meaning (of a passage), as in the case before us. “Many of them of Jerusalem said, Is not this he, whom they seek to kill? But, lo, he speaketh boldly, and they say nothing unto him.” Now why is added, “them of Jerusalem”? The Evangelist by this shows, that they who had most enjoyed His mighty miracles were more pitiable than any; they who had beheld the greatest proof of His Godhead, and yet committed all to the judgment of their corrupt rulers. For was it not a great proof of it, that men furious and bent on murder, who went about and sought to kill Him, should be quiet of a sudden, when they had Him in their hands? Who could have effected this? who thus quenched their absolute fury? Still after such proofs, observe the folly and the madness of the men. “Is not this he, whom they seek to kill?” See how they accuse themselves; “whom,” It saith, “they seek to kill, and yet they say nothing to him.” And not only do they say nothing to Him, but nothing even when He “speaketh boldly.” For one who spoke boldly and with all freedom would naturally have the more angered them; but they did nothing. “Do they know indeed that this is the very Christ?” “What think ye? What opinion give ye?” The contrary, It saith. On which account they said, “We know this man whence he is.” What malice,1414   al. “perplexity.” what contradiction! They do not even follow the opinion of their rulers, but bring forward another, perverse, and worthy of their own folly; “We know him whence he is.”

“But when Christ cometh, no man knoweth whence He is.” ( Matt. ii. 4.)

“Yet your rulers when asked replied, that He should be born in Bethlehem.” And others again said, “God spake unto Moses, but as for this fellow, we know not from whence he is.” ( c. ix. 29.) “We know whence he is,” and “we know not whence He is”; observe the words of drunken men. And again, “Doth Christ come out of Galilee?” ( Ver. 41.) Is He not of “the town of Bethlehem”? Seest thou that theirs is the decision of madmen? “We know,” and, “we know not”; “Christ cometh from Bethlehem”; “When Christ cometh, no man knoweth whence He is.” What can be plainer than this contradiction? For they only looked to one thing, which was, not to believe. What then is Christ’s reply?

Ver. 28. “Ye both know Me, and ye know whence I am: and I am not come of Myself, but He that sent Me is true, whom ye know not.”

[2.] And again, “If ye had known Me, ye should have known My Father also.” ( c. viii. 19.) How then saith He, that they both “know Him,” and “whence He is,” and then, “that they neither know Him, nor the Father”? He doth not contradict, (away with the thought,) but is very consistent with Himself. For He speaketh of a different kind of knowledge, when He saith, “ye know not”; as when He saith, “The sons of Eli were wicked sons, they knew not the Lord” ( 1 Sam. ii. 12 ); and again, “Israel doth not know Me.” ( Isa. i. 3.) So also Paul saith, “They profess that they know God, but in works they deny Him.” ( Tit. i. 16.) It is therefore possible, “knowing,” “not to know.” This then is what He saith: “If ye know Me, ye know that I am the Son of God.” For the “whence I am” doth not here denote place. As is clear from what followeth, “I am not come of Myself, but He that sent Me is true, whom ye know not,” referring here to the ignorance shown by their works. [As Paul saith, “They profess that they know God, but in works they deny Him.”] For their fault came not merely of ignorance, but of wickedness, and an evil will; because even though they knew this, they chose to be ignorant. But what manner of connection is there here? How is it that He, reproving them, useth their own words? For when they say, “We know this man whence he is,” He addeth, “ye both know Me.” Was their expression, “We know him not”? Nay, they said, “We know him.” But (observe), they by saying the, “We know whence he is,” declared nothing else than that He was “of the earth,” and that He was “the carpenter’s son”; but He led them up to heaven, saying, “Ye know whence I am,” that is, not thence whence ye suppose, but from that place whence He that sent Me (hath sent Me). For to say, “I am not come of Myself,” intimateth to them, that they knew that He was sent by the Father, though they did not disclose it.1415   ἐ ξεκάλυπτον So that He rebuketh them in a twofold manner; first, what they said in secret He published aloud, so as to put them to shame; after that He revealed also what was in their hearts. As though He had said, “I am not one of the abjects, nor of those who come for nothing, but He ‘that sent Me is true, whom ye know not.’” What meaneth,“He that sent Me is true”? “If He be true, He hath sent Me for the truth; if He be true, it is probable that He who is sent is true also.” This also He proveth in another way, vanquishing them with their own words. For whereas they had said, “When Christ cometh, no man knoweth whence He is,” He proveth from this that He Himself is the Christ. They used the words, “No man knoweth,” with reference to distinction of some definite locality; but from the same words He showeth Himself to be the Christ, because He came from the Father; and everywhere He witnesseth that He alone hath the knowledge of the Father, saying, “Not that any man hath seen the Father, save He which is from the Father.”1416   “of God,” N.T. ( c. vi. 46.) And His words exasperated them; for to tell them, “Ye know Him not,” and to rebuke them because knowing they pretended to be ignorant, was sufficient to sting and annoy them.

Ver. 30. “Then they sought to take Him, and no man laid his hand upon Him, because His hour was not yet come.”

Seest thou that they are invisibly restrained, and their anger bridled? But wherefore saith It not, that He had restrained them invisibly, but, “Because His hour was not yet come”? The Evangelist was minded to speak more humanly and in a lowlier strain, so that Christ might be deemed to be also Man. For because Christ everywhere speaketh of sublime matters, he therefore intersperseth expressions of this kind. And when Christ saith, “I am from Him,” He speaketh not as a Prophet who learneth, but as seeing Him, and being with Him.

Ver. 29. “I know Him,” He saith, “for I am from Him, and He hath sent Me.”

Seest thou how He continually seeketh to prove the, “I am not come of Myself,” and, “He that sent Me is true,” striving not to be thought an enemy of God? And observe how great is the profit of the humility of His words; for, it saith, after this many said,

Ver. 31. “When Christ cometh, will He do more miracles than these which this man hath done?”

How many were the miracles? In truth, there were three, that of the wine, that of the paralytic, and that of the nobleman’s son; and the Evangelist hath related no more. From which circumstance it is plain, as I have often said, that the writers pass by most of them, and discourse to us of those alone on account of which the rulers ill-treated Him. “Then they sought to take Him,” and kill Him. Who “sought”? Not the multitude, who had no desire of rule, nor could be made captives by malice; but the priests. For they of the multitude said, “When Christ cometh, will He do more miracles?” Yet neither was this sound faith, but, as it were, the idea of a promiscuous1417   χυδαίου crowd; for to say, “When He cometh,” was not the expression of men firmly persuaded that He was the Christ. We may either understand the words thus, or that they were uttered by the multitudes when they came together. “Since,” they may have said, “our rulers are taking every pains to prove that this man is not the Christ, let us suppose that he is not the Christ; will the Christ be better than he?” For, as I ever repeat, men of the grosser sort are led in not by doctrine, nor by preaching, but by miracles.

Ver. 32. “The Pharisees heard the people murmuring,1418   “murmuring such things concerning Him,” N.T. and sent1419   “the Pharisees and Chief Priests sent,” N.T. servants to take Him.”

Seest thou that the violation of the Sabbath was a mere pretense? and that what most stung them was this murmuring? For here, though they had no fault to find with Him for anything said or done, they desired to take Him because of the multitude. They dared not do it themselves, suspecting danger, but sent their hired servants.1420   or, “sent their s. to be exposed” (ἐ κδότους). Alas! for their tyranny and their madness, or rather, I should say, for their folly. After having often attempted themselves, and not prevailed, they committed the matter to servants, simply satisfying their anger. Yet He had spoken much at the pool ( c. v.), and they had done nothing of the kind; they sought indeed occasion, but they attempted not, while here they can endure it no longer, when the multitude is about to run to Him. What then saith Christ?

Ver. 33. “Yet a little while am I with you.” Having power to bow and terrify His hearers, He uttereth words full of humility. As though He had said, “Why are ye eager to persecute and kill Me? Wait a little while, and even though you should be eager to keep Me back, I shall not endure it.” That no one should (as they did) suppose that the, “Yet a little while am I with you,” denoted a common death, that no one might suppose this, or that He wrought1421   ἐ νήργει nothing after death, He added,

Ver. 34. “And where I am, thither ye cannot come.”

Now had He been about to continue in death, they might have gone to Him, for to that place we all depart. His words therefore bent the simpler portion of the multitude, terrified the bolder, made the more intelligent anxious to hear Him, since but little time was now left, and since it was not in their power always to enjoy this teaching. Nor did He merely say, “I am here,” but, “I am with you,” that is, “Though ye persecute, though ye drive Me away, yet for a little while I shall not cease dispensing what is for your good, saying and recommending the things that relate to your salvation.”

Ver. 33. “And I go unto Him that sent Me.” This was enough to terrify and throw them into an agony. For that they should stand in need of Him, He declareth also.

Ver. 34. “Ye shall seek Me,” He saith, (not only “ye shall not forget Me,” but ye shall even “seek Me,”) “and shall not find Me.”

[3.] And when did the Jews “seek Him”? Luke saith that the women mourned over Him, and it is probable that many others, both at the time and when the city was taken, remembered Christ and His miracles, and sought His presence. ( Luke xxiii. 49.) Now all this He added, desiring to attract them. For the facts that the time left was short, that He should after His departure be regretfully desired by them, and that they should not then be able to find Him, were all together sufficient to persuade them to come to Him. For had it not been that His presence should with regret be desired by them, He would not have seemed to them to be saying any great thing; if, again, it was about to be desired, and they able to find Him, neither so would this have disturbed them. Again, had He been about to stay with them a long time, so also they would have been remiss. But now He in every way compelleth and terrifieth them. And the, “I go to Him that sent Me,” is the expression of one declaring that no harm will happen to Him from their plotting, and that His Passion was voluntary. Wherefore now He uttered two predictions, that after a little while He should depart, and that they should not come to Him; a thing which belonged not to human intelligence, the foretelling His own death. Hear for instance, David saying, “Lord, make me to know mine end and the number of my days, what it is, that I may know what time I have.”1422   τὶ ὑστερῶ ἐγὼ, LXX., thus rendered in margin of E.V. ( Ps. xxxix. 4.) There is no man at all that knoweth this; and by one1423   i.e. one prediction. the other is confirmed. And I think that He speaketh this covertly to the servants, and directeth His discourse to them, thus specially attracting them, by showing them that He knew the cause of their arrival. As though He had said, “Wait a little, and I shall depart.”

Ver. 35. “Then said the Jews among themselves, Whither will he go?”

Yet they who had wished to be rid of Him, who did all in their power not to see Him, ought not to have asked this question, but to have said, “we are glad of it, when will the departure take place?” but they were somewhat affected at His words, and with foolish suspicion question one another, “whither will he go?”

“Will he go unto the dispersion of the Gentiles?”1424   lit. “Greeks.”

What is, “the dispersion of the Gentiles”? The Jews gave this name to other nations, because they were everywhere scattered and mingled fearlessly with one another. And this reproach they themselves afterwards endured, for they too were a “dispersion.” For of old all their nation was collected into one place, and you could not anywhere find a Jew, except in Palestine only; wherefore they called the Gentiles a “dispersion,” reproaching them, and boasting concerning themselves. What then meaneth, “Whither I go ye cannot come”? For all nations at that time had intercourse with them, and there were Jews everywhere. He would not therefore, if He had meant the Gentiles, have said, “Where ye cannot come.” After saying, “Will he go to the dispersion of the Gentiles?” they did not add, “and ruin,” but, “and teach them.” To such a degree had they abated their anger, and believed His words; for they would not, had they not believed, have enquired among themselves what the saying was.

These words were spoken indeed to the Jews, but fear there is lest they be suited to us also, that “where He is” we “cannot come” on account of our life being full of sins. For concerning the disciples He saith, “I will that they also be with Me where I am” ( c. xvii. 24 ), but concerning ourselves, I dread lest the contrary be said, that, “Where I am, ye cannot come.” For when we act contrary to the commandments, how can we go to that place? Even in the present life, if any soldier act unworthily towards his king, he will not be able to see the king, but being deprived of his authority will suffer the severest punishment; if therefore we steal, or covet, if we wrong or strike others, if we work not deeds of mercy, we shall not be able to go thither, but shall suffer what happened to the virgins. For where He was, they were not able to enter in, but retired, their lamps having gone out, that is, grace having left them. For we can, if we will, increase the brightness of that flame which we received straightway1425   i.e. in baptism. by the grace of the Spirit; but if we will not do this, we shall lose it, and when that is quenched, there will be nothing else than darkness in our souls; since, as while a lamp is burning the light is strong, so when it is extinguished there is nothing but gloom. Wherefore the Apostle saith, “Quench not the Spirit.” ( 1 Thess. v. 19.) And It is quenched when It hath not oil, when there is any violent gust of wind, when It is cramped and confined, (for so fire is quenched,) and It is cramped by worldly cares, and quenched by evil desires. In addition to the causes we have mentioned, nothing quencheth It so much as inhumanity, cruelty, and rapine. For when, besides having no oil, we pour upon it cold water, (for covetousness is this, which chills with despondency the souls of those we wrong,) whence shall it be kindled again? We shall depart, therefore, carrying dust and ashes with us, and having much smoke to convict us of having had lamps and of having extinguished them; for where there is smoke, there needs must have been fire which hath been quenched. May none of us ever hear that word, “I know you not.” ( Matt. xxv. 12.) And whence shall we hear that word, but from this, if ever we see a poor man, and are as though we saw him not? If we will not know Christ when He is an hungered, He too will not know us when we entreat His mercy. And with justice; for how shall he who neglects the afflicted, and gives not of that which is his own, how shall he seek to receive of that which is not his own? Wherefore, I entreat you, let us do and contrive everything, so that oil fail not us, but that we may trim our lamps, and enter with the Bridegroom into the bride-chamber. To which may we all attain, through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom and with whom, to the Father and the Holy Ghost be glory, now and ever and world without end. Amen.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ Νʹ. Ἔλεγον οὖν τινες ἐκ τῶν Ἱεροσολυμιτῶν: «Οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὃν ζητοῦσιν ἀποκτεῖναι; Καὶ ἴδε παῤῥησίᾳ λαλεῖ, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτῷ λέγουσι. Μή τι ἀληθῶς ἔγνωσαν οἱ ἄρχοντες, ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ἀληθῶς ὁ Χριστός; Ἀλλὰ τοῦτον οἴδα μεν πόθεν ἐστίν.» αʹ. Οὐδὲν ἁπλῶς ἐν ταῖς θείαις Γραφαῖς κεῖται: Πνεύματι γὰρ εἰρημέναι εἰσὶν ἁγίῳ. Διὸ πάντα μετὰ ἀκριβείας ἐξετάζωμεν. Καὶ γὰρ ἀπὸ μιᾶς λέξεως ἔνεστιν ὁλόκληρον εὑρεῖν νοῦν, οἷον δὴ καὶ νῦν ἡμῖν ἐστι προκείμενον. Πολλοὶ γὰρ ἐκ τῶν Ἱεροσολυμιτῶν ἔλεγον: Οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὃν ζητοῦσιν ἀποκτεῖναι; Καὶ ἴδε παῤῥησίᾳ λαλεῖ, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτῷ λέγουσι. Τί δήποτε πρόσκειται, Τῶν Ἱεροσολυμιτῶν; Δείκνυσιν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ὅτι οἱ μάλιστα τῶν μεγάλων ἀπολελαυκότες σημείων, οὗτοι πάντων ἦσαν ἐλεεινότεροι, οἳ τῆς θεότητος αὐτοῦ σημεῖον ἑωρακότες μέγιστον, τὸ πᾶν τῇ κρίσει τῶν ἀρχόντων ἐπέτρεπον τῶν διεφθαρμένων. Ἢ γὰρ οὐ μέγα σημεῖον, μαινομένους, καὶ φονῶντας, καὶ περιιόντας, καὶ ζητοῦντας ἀνελεῖν, καὶ κατέχοντας ἐν χερσὶν, ἡσυχάζειν ἐξαίφνης; τίς γὰρ ἂν τοῦτο ἐποίησε; τίς ὁλόκληρον μανίαν οὕτως ἔσβεσεν; Ἀλλ' ὅμως μετὰ τοσαῦτα σημεῖα, ὅρα τὴν ἄνοιαν καὶ τὴν μανίαν. Οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν ὃν ζητοῦσιν ἀποκτεῖναι; Ὅρα πῶς ἑαυτῶν κατηγοροῦσι. Ὃν ζητοῦσι, φησὶν, ἀποκτεῖναι, καὶ οὐδὲν αὐτῷ λέγουσι. Καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς οὐδὲν αὐτῷ λέγουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ παῤῥησιαζομένῳ: ὁ γὰρ παῤῥησίᾳ λαλῶν, καὶ μετ' ἐλευθερίας ἁπάσης, μᾶλλον ἂν αὐτοὺς παρώξυνεν: ἀλλ' οὐδὲν ἐποίουν. Μήποτε ἀληθῶς ἔγνωσαν, ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός; Ὑμῖν δὲ τί δοκεῖ; ποίαν περὶ αὐτοῦ φέρετε ψῆφον; Τὴν ἐναντίαν, φησί. Διὰ τοῦτο ἔλεγον: Ἀλλὰ τοῦτον οἴδαμεν πόθεν ἐστίν. Ὢ τῆς πονηρίας! ὢ τῆς ἐναντιολογίας! οὐδὲ ταῖς τῶν ἀρχόντων ἕπονται ψήφοις, ἀλλ' ἑτέραν ἐκφέρουσι διεφθαρμένην, καὶ τῆς οἰκείας ἀνοίας ἀξίαν. Οἴδαμεν αὐτὸν, φησὶ, πόθεν ἐστίν: ὁ δὲ Χριστὸς ὅταν ἔρχηται, οὐδεὶς γινώσκει πόθεν ἐστί. Καὶ μὴν οἱ ἄρχοντες ὑμῶν ἐρωτώμενοι ἔλεγον, ὅτι ἐν Βηθλεὲμ γεννᾶται. Καὶ πάλιν ἄλλοι τινὲς, Ἡμεῖς οἴδαμεν ὅτι Μωϋσῇ λελάληκεν ὁ Θεός: τοῦτον δὲ οὐκ οἴδαμεν πόθεν ἐστίν. Ὅρα μεθυόντων ῥήματα. Καὶ πάλιν: Μὴ ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἔρχεται ὁ Χριστός; οὐκ ἀπὸ Βηθλεὲμ τῆς κώμης; Εἶδες μαινομένων ψῆφον; Οἴδαμεν, καὶ οὐκ οἴδαμεν: ἀπὸ Βηθλεὲμ ἔρχεται ὁ Χριστός: Ὁ δὲ Χριστὸς ὅταν ἔρχηται, οὐδεὶς γινώσκει πόθεν ἐστί. Τί ταύτης τῆς μάχης σαφέστερον; Πρὸς γὰρ ἓν μόνον ἑώρων, τὸ μὴ πεισθῆναι. Τί οὖν πρὸς ταῦτα ὁ Χριστός; Καὶ ἐμὲ οἴδατε, καὶ οἴδατε πόθεν εἰμί: καὶ ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλήλυθα, ἀλλ' ἔστιν ἀληθὴς ὁ πέμψας με, ὃν ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε. Καὶ πάλιν: Εἰ ἐμὲ ᾔδειτε, καὶ τὸν Πατέρα μου ᾔδειτε ἄν. Πῶς οὖν φησιν αὐτοὺς καὶ εἰδέναι αὐτὸν, καὶ πόθεν ἐστί: καὶ πάλιν, μήτε αὐτὸν εἰδέναι αὐτοὺς, μήτε τὸν Πατέρα; Οὐκ ἐναντιολογῶν: ἄπαγε, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα ἑαυτῷ ἀκολουθῶν. Ἑτέραν δὲ λέγει γνῶσιν, ὅταν λέγῃ, Οὐκ οἴδατε, ὥσπερ ὅταν λέγῃ: Υἱοὶ Ἠλεὶ, υἱοὶ λοιμοὶ, καὶ οὐκ εἰδότες τὸν Κύριον: καὶ πάλιν, Ἰσραὴλ δέ με οὐκ ἔγνω. Ὡς καὶ Παῦλός φησι, Θεὸν ὁμολογοῦσιν εἰδέναι, τοῖς δὲ ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται. Ἔστιν ἄρα μὴ εἰδέναι εἰδότα. Τοῦτο οὖν φησιν: Εἰ ἐμὲ οἴδατε, οἴδατε ὅτι τοῦ Θεοῦ Υἱός εἰμι. Τὸ γὰρ, Πόθεν εἰμὶ, οὐ τὸν τόπον ἐνταῦθά φησι: καὶ δῆλον ἐκ τῆς ἐπαγωγῆς: Καὶ ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλήλυθα, ἀλλ' ἔστιν ἀληθὴς ὁ πέμψας με, ὃν ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε: ἄγνοιαν ἐνταῦθα λέγων, τὴν διὰ τῶν ἔργων: καθὼς Παῦλός φησι: Θεὸν ὁμολογοῦσιν εἰδέναι, τοῖς δὲ ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀγνοίας ἦν τὸ ἁμάρτημα, ἀλλὰ κακίας καὶ πονηρᾶς γνώμης. Καὶ τοῦτο εἰδότες, ἀγνοεῖν βούλονται. Πλὴν ποία ἀκολουθία ταῦτα; πῶς γὰρ ἐλέγχων αὐτοὺς, τὰ αὐτῶν φθέγγεται; Εἰπόντων γὰρ ἐκείνων, Τοῦτον δὲ οἴδαμεν πόθεν ἐστὶν, ἐπήγαγε, Καὶ ἐμὲ οἴδατε. Τί γὰρ εἶπον ἐκεῖνοι, ὅτι Οὐκ οἴδαμεν; Καὶ αὐτοὶ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο ἔλεγον, ὅτι Οἴδαμεν. Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνοι μὲν τὸ, Οἴδαμεν πόθεν ἐστὶ, λέγοντες, οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐνέφαινον, ἀλλ' ἢ ὅτι ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐστι, καὶ ὅτι τοῦ τέκτονός ἐστιν υἱός: αὐτὸς δὲ αὐτοὺς ἀνῆγεν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν, λέγων: Οἴδατε πόθεν εἰμί: τουτέστιν, οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν ὅθεν ὑποπτεύετε, ἀλλ' ὅθεν ὁ πέμψας με. Τὸ γὰρ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλήλυθα, τοῦτο αἰνίττεται, ὅτι ᾔδεσαν ὅτι παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἀπέσταλτο, εἰ καὶ μὴ ἐξεκάλυπτον. Διπλῇ γοῦν αὐτοὺς ἐλέγχει. Καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἃ κατ' ἰδίαν ἐλάλουν, ταῦτα εἰς μέσον ἤγαγε κράζων, ὥστε αὐτοὺς ἐντρέψαι: ἔπειτα καὶ τὰ κατὰ διάνοιαν ἐξεκάλυπτεν: ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγεν: Οὐκ εἰμὶ τῶν ἀπεῤῥιμμένων, οὐδὲ τῶν ἁπλῶς ἐλθόντων. Ἀλλ' ἔστιν ἀληθὴς ὁ πέμψας με, ὃν ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε. Τί ἐστιν, Ἀληθὴς ὁ πέμψας με; Εἰ ἀληθής ἐστιν, ἐπ' ἀληθείᾳ ἔπεμψεν: εἰ ἀληθής ἐστι, καὶ τὸν ἀπεσταλμένον εἰκὸς ἀληθῆ εἶναι. βʹ. Καὶ ἑτέρως δὲ τοῦτο κατασκευάζει, ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκείων αὐτοὺς χειρούμενος λόγων. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔλεγον, Ὁ Χριστὸς ὅταν ἔρχηται, οὐδεὶς γινώσκει πόθεν ἐστὶ, δείκνυσι καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἑαυτὸν εἶναι τὸν Χριστόν. Καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι τὸ, Οὐδεὶς γινώσκει, πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν τοπικοῦ τινος ἔλεγον διορισμοῦ: καὶ ἐντεῦθεν δείκνυσιν ἑαυτὸν ὄντα τὸν Χριστὸν, ὅτι παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἦλθε: καὶ πανταχοῦ τὴν γνῶσιν ἑαυτῷ μαρτυρεῖ μόνῳ τοῦ Πατρὸς, λέγων: Οὐχ ὅτι τὸν Πατέρα τις ἑώρακεν, εἰ μὴ ὁ ὢν παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός. Καὶ παρώξυνεν αὐτοὺς τὰ λεγόμενα. Τὸ γὰρ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Οὐκ οἴδατε αὐτὸν, καὶ τὸ ἐλέγξαι ὅτι εἰδότες προσποιοῦνται ἀγνοεῖν, ἱκανὸν δακεῖν καὶ καθάψασθαι. Ἐζήτουν οὖν αὐτὸν πιάσαι, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐπέβαλεν ἐπ' αὐτὸν τὴν χεῖρα, ὅτι οὔπω ἐληλύθει ἡ ὥρα αὐτοῦ. Ὁρᾷς αὐτοὺς ἀοράτως κατεχομένους, καὶ τὸν θυμὸν αὐτῶν χαλινούμενον; Διὰ τί δὲ μὴ εἶπεν, ὅτι κατεῖχεν αὐτοὺς ἀοράτως, ἀλλ' Ὅτι οὔπω ἐληλύθει ἡ ὥρα αὐτοῦ; Ἀνθρωπινώτερον ἠβουλήθη φθέγξασθαι καὶ ταπεινότερον ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς, ὥστε αὐτὸν καὶ ἄνθρωπον ὑποπτευθῆναι. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πανταχοῦ ὑψηλὰ λέγει, τούτου ἕνεκεν ταῦτα παρασπείρει. Ὅταν δὲ λέγῃ, ὅτι Παρ' αὐτοῦ εἰμι: οὐχ ὡς προφήτης μανθάνων λέγει, ἀλλ' ὡς ὁρῶν αὐτὸν, καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ὤν. Οἶδα γὰρ αὐτὸν, φησὶν, ὅτι ἐγὼ παρ' αὐτοῦ εἰμι. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἄνω καὶ κάτω κατασκευάζει τὸ, Ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλήλυθα, καὶ, Ὁ πέμψας με ἀληθής ἐστι, πρὸς ἐκεῖνο μαχόμενος, τὸ μὴ νομισθῆναι ἀλλότριον τοῦ Θεοῦ; Καὶ σκόπει πόσον τῆς ταπεινότητος τῶν ῥημάτων τὸ κέρδος. Μετὰ γὰρ ταῦτα πολλοὶ, φησὶν, ἔλεγον: Ὁ Χριστὸς ὅταν ἔλθῃ, μὴ πλείονα σημεῖα ποιήσει ὧν οὗτος ἐποίησε; Πόσα σημεῖα; Καὶ μὴν τρία ἦν σημεῖα, τὸ τοῦ οἴνου, καὶ τὸ τοῦ παραλυτικοῦ, καὶ τὸ τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ βασιλικοῦ: καὶ οὐδὲν διηγήσατο πλέον ὁ εὐαγγελιστής. Ὅθεν δῆλον, ὃ πολλάκις εἶπον, ὅτι τὰ πολλὰ παρατρέχουσι, καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτων ἡμῖν διαλέγονται, ὑπὲρ ὧν οἱ ἄρχοντες ἐκακούργουν. Ἐζήτουν οὖν αὐτὸν πιάσαι καὶ ἀνελεῖν. Τίνες; Οὐ τὸ πλῆθος τὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς οὐκ ἐφιέμενον, οὐδὲ βασκανίᾳ ἁλῶναι δυνάμενον: ἀλλ' οἱ ἱερεῖς. Οἱ γὰρ τοῦ πλήθους ἔλεγον: Ὁ Χριστὸς ὅταν ἔλθῃ, μὴ πλείονα σημεῖα ποιήσει; Πλὴν ἀλλ' οὐδὲ αὕτη ἦν ὑγιὴς ἡ πίστις, ἀλλ' ὡς πλήθους χυδαίου. Τὸ γὰρ λέγειν, Ὅταν ἔλθῃ, οὐ σφόδρα πεπεισμένων ἦν τοῦτον εἶναι τὸν Χριστόν. Ἢ τοῦτο οὖν ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ἢ ὅτι κατὰ συνδρομὴν εἴρηται παρὰ τῶν ὄχλων: ὡς γὰρ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἄνω καὶ κάτω σπουδαζόντων δεῖξαι οὐκ ὄντα αὐτὸν τὸν Χριστὸν, θῶμεν μηδὲ εἶναι αὐτὸν τὸν Χριστόν: μὴ τούτου βελτίων ἔσται ἐκεῖνος; Ὅπερ ἀεὶ λέγω, ὅτι οἱ παχύτεροι, οὐκ ἀπὸ διδασκαλίας, οὐδὲ ἀπὸ δημηγορίας, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ σημείων ἐνάγονται. Ἤκουσαν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι τοῦ ὄχλου γογγύζοντος, καὶ ἔπεμψαν ὑπηρέτας, ἵνα πιάσωσιν αὐτόν. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τοῦ σαββάτου ἡ λύσις πρόσχημα ἦν; Ὃ δὲ μάλιστα αὐτοὺς ἔδακνε, τοῦτο ἦν. Ἐνταῦθα γὰρ οὐδὲν ἔχοντες ἐγκαλεῖν, οὔτε τοῖς εἰρημένοις, οὔτε τοῖς πεπραγμένοις, διὰ τὸν ὄχλον ἐβούλοντο πιάσαι αὐτόν. Καὶ αὐτοὶ μὲν οὐκ ἐτόλμων, τὸν κίνδυνον ὑφορώμενοι, τοὺς δὲ διακόνους ἀπέστελλον ἐκδότους. Ὢ τῆς τυραννίδος καὶ τῆς μανίας! μᾶλλον δὲ ὢ τῆς ἀνοίας! Αὐτοὶ πολλάκις ἐπιχειρήσαντες, καὶ οὐκ ἰσχύσαντες, τοῖς ὑπηρέταις τὸ πρᾶγμα ἐπέτρεψαν, ἁπλῶς τὸν θυμὸν αὐτῶν διαναπαύοντες: καίτοι πολλὰ διελέχθη καὶ ἐν τῇ κολυμβήθρᾳ, καὶ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἐποίησαν, ἀλλ' ἐζήτησαν μὲν, οὐκ ἐπεχείρησαν δέ. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐκ ἔτι φέρουσι, τοῦ ὄχλου μέλλοντος αὐτῷ προστρέχειν. Τί οὖν ὁ Χριστός; Ἔτι μικρὸν χρόνον μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι. Δυνάμενος καὶ ἐπικάμψαι καὶ φοβῆσαι τοὺς ἀκούοντας, ῥήματα φθέγγεται ταπεινοφροσύνης γέμοντα, ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγεν: Τί σπουδάζετέ με ἀνελεῖν καὶ διῶξαι; Μικρὸν ἀναμείνατε χρόνον, καὶ οὐδὲ σπουδαζόντων με κατέχειν ἀνέξομαι. Εἶτα ἵνα μή τις θάνατον κοινὸν νομίσῃ, τὸ Ἔτι μικρὸν χρόνον μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι (καὶ γὰρ τοῦτο ἐνόμισαν): ἵν' οὖν τοῦτο μή τις νομίσῃ, καὶ ὅτι οὐδὲν ἐνήργει μετὰ τελευτὴν, ἐπήγαγε: Καὶ ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ, ὑμεῖς οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν. Εἰ δὲ ἔμελλεν ἐναπομένειν τῷ θανάτῳ, ἠδύναντο ἀπελθεῖν: ἐκεῖ γὰρ πάντες ἄπιμεν. Τὸ μὲν οὖν ἀφελέστερον πλῆθος, ἐπέκαμπτε τὰ λεγόμενα: τὸ δὲ θρασύτερον, ἐφόβει: τὸ δὲ φιλομαθέστερον, σπεύδειν ἐποίει πρὸς τὴν ἀκρόασιν, ὡς ὀλίγου λοιπὸν ὑπολειπομένου χρόνου, καὶ οὐκ ἐνὸν ἀεὶ ταύτης ἀπολαῦσαι τῆς διδασκαλίας. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν ἁπλῶς, Ἐνταῦθά εἰμι, ἀλλὰ, Μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι: τουτέστι, Κἂν διώκητε, κἂν ἐλαύνητε, μικρὸν χρόνον οὐ παύσομαι τὰ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν οἰκονομῶν, καὶ τὰ πρὸς σωτηρίαν λέγων καὶ παραινῶν ὑμῖν. Καὶ ὑπάγω πρὸς τὸν πέμψαντά με. Φοβῆσαι τοῦτο ἱκανὸν ἦν, καὶ εἰς ἀγωνίαν ἐμβαλεῖν. Καὶ γὰρ ὅτι ἐν χρείᾳ αὐτοῦ καταστήσονται δηλοῖ. Ζητήσετε γάρ με, φησὶν, οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐπιλήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ Ζητήσετέ με, καὶ οὐχ εὑρήσετε. Καὶ ποῦ ἐζήτησαν αὐτὸν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι; Λέγει ὁ Λουκᾶς, ὅτι ἐκόπτοντο γυναῖκες ἐπ' αὐτῷ. Εἰκὸς δὲ καὶ ἄλλους πολλοὺς, καὶ εὐθέως, καὶ τῆς πόλεως ἁλισκομένης, μεμνῆσθαι τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ τῶν θαυμάτων αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν παρουσίαν ζητεῖν τὴν αὐτοῦ. Ταῦτα δὴ πάντα ἐπήγαγε, βουλόμενος αὐτοὺς ἐφελκύσασθαι. Καὶ γὰρ τὸ μικρὸν χρόνον εἶναι τὸν λειπόμενον, καὶ τὸ μετὰ τὴν ἀναχώρησιν ποθεινὸν ἔσεσθαι, καὶ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι λοιπὸν αὐτὸν εὑρεῖν, ἱκανὰ πάντα πεῖσαι προσελθεῖν. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ μὴ ἔμελλε ποθεινὴ εἶναι ἡ παρουσία, οὐδὲν μέγα αὐτοῖς ἐδόκει λέγειν. Πάλιν δὲ εἰ ἔμελλε ποθεινὴ εἶναι, δυνατὸν δὲ ἦν εὑρεῖν, οὐδ' ἂν οὕτως αὐτοὺς ἐθορύβησε. δʹ. Πάλιν, εἰ πολὺν ἔμελλε χρόνον παρεῖναι, καὶ οὕτως ὕπτιοι ἂν ἐγένοντο Νῦν δὲ πάντοθεν αὐτοὺς συνελαύνει καὶ φοβεῖ. Τὸ δὲ, Ὑπάγω πρὸς τὸν πέμψαντά με, δεικνύντος ἐστὶν οὐδεμίαν αὐτῷ γενησομένην βλάβην ἀπὸ τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς τῆς αὐτῶν, καὶ τὸ πάθος ἑκούσιον. Δύο τοίνυν προεῖπε προῤῥήσεις, ὅτι μετὰ μικρὸν ἀπελεύσεται χρόνον, καὶ ὅτι οὐχ ἥξουσι πρὸς αὐτόν: ὅπερ οὐκ ἦν ἀνθρωπίνης διανοίας, τὴν ἑαυτοῦ τελευτὴν προειπεῖν. Ὅρα γοῦν καὶ τὸν Δαυῒδ λέγοντα Γνώρισόν μοι, Κύριε, τὸ πέρας μου, καὶ τὸν ἀριθμὸν τῶν ἡμερῶν μου τίς ἐστιν, ἵνα γνῶ τί ὑστερῶ ἐγώ. Καὶ ὅλως οὐδείς ἐστιν ὁ μαθὼν τοῦτο. Ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἑνὸς καὶ τὸ ἕτερον πιστοῦται. Ἐγὼ δὲ οἶμαι, καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ὑπηρέτας τοῦτο αἰνίττεσθαι, καὶ πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὸν λόγον ἀποτείνειν, ᾧ μάλιστα αὐτοὺς ἐπεσπάσατο, δείξας ἑαυτὸν εἰδότα τῆς ἀφίξεως τὴν αἰτίαν, ὡσανεὶ ἔλεγε: περιμείνατε μικρὸν, καὶ ἀπελεύσομαι. Ἔλεγον οὖν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι πρὸς ἑαυτούς: Ποῦ οὗτος μέλλει πορεύεσθαι; Καὶ μὴν τοὺς ἐπιθυμοῦντας ἀπαλλαγῆναι, τοὺς πάντα πράττοντας ὥστε μὴ βλέπειν αὐτὸν, οὐκ ἐχρῆν τοῦτο ζητεῖν, ἀλλ' εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Καὶ ἀσμενίζομεν, καὶ πότε γὰρ τοῦτο ἔσται; Ἀλλ' ἔπαθόν τι πρὸς τὰ λεχθέντα, καὶ ζητοῦσι πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς ἀνοήτως ὑποπτεύοντες, ποῦ μέλλει πορεύεσθαι. Μὴ εἰς τὴν διασπορὰν τῶν Ἑλλήνων; Τί ἐστιν, Εἰς διασπορὰν τῶν Ἑλλήνων; Οὕτω τὰ ἔθνη ἐκάλουν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, διὰ τὸ πανταχοῦ διεσπάρθαι, καὶ ἀδεῶς ἀλλήλοις ἐπιμίγνυσθαι. Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ λοιπὸν τὸ ὄνειδος ὑπέμειναν: διασπορὰ γὰρ ἦσαν καὶ αὐτοί. Τὸ γὰρ παλαιὸν ἅπαν τὸ ἔθνος εἰς ἓν συνείλεκτο, καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἀλλαχοῦ Ἰουδαῖον εὑρεῖν, ἀλλ' ἢ ἐν Παλαιστίνῃ μόνῃ. Πρὸς δὲ τοῦτο διασπορὰν τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐκάλουν, ὀνειδίζοντες καὶ μεγαλαυχοῦντες ἐφ' ἑαυτοῖς. Τί οὖν ἐστιν, Ὅπου ἐγὼ ὑπάγω, ὑμεῖς οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν; Ἐκείνοις δὲ πάντες ἐπεμίγνυντο τότε, καὶ πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἦσαν Ἰουδαῖοι. Οὐκ ἂν οὖν, εἰ τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐδήλου, εἶπεν, Ὅπου οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν. Εἰπόντες δὲ, Μὴ εἰς τὴν διασπορὰν τῶν Ἑλλήνων μέλλει πορεύεσθαι; οὐκ εἶπον, Καὶ λυμαίνεσθαι αὐτοὺς, ἀλλὰ, Διδάσκειν. Οὕτως ἤδη καθυφῆκαν τῆς ὀργῆς, καὶ τοῖς λεχθεῖσιν ἐπίστευσαν. Οὐκ ἂν δὲ, εἰ μὴ ἐπίστευσαν, ἐζήτησαν πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς τίς ἐστιν ὁ λόγος. Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν εἴρητο πρὸς ἐκείνους: δέος δὲ, μὴ καὶ πρὸς ἡμᾶς καιρὸν ἔχῃ τὰ λεγόμενα, ὅτι Ὅπου ἐστὶν, οὐ δυνάμεθα ἀπελθεῖν, διὰ τὸν βίον ἡμῶν τὸν ἁμαρτημάτων γέμοντα. Περὶ μὲν γὰρ τῶν μαθητῶν φησι, Θέλω ἵνα ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ, κἀκεῖνοι ὦσι μετ' ἐμοῦ: περὶ δὲ ἡμῶν δέδοικα μὴ τοὐναντίον λεχθῇ, ὅτι Ὅπου εἰμὶ ἐγὼ, οὐ δύνασθε ἐλθεῖν. Ὅταν γὰρ ἐναντία τῶν προσταγμάτων πράττωμεν, πῶς δυνησόμεθα ἀπελθεῖν ἐκεῖ; Καὶ γὰρ καὶ κατὰ τὸν παρόντα βίον, εἴ τις τῶν στρατευομένων ἀνάξια πράττοι τοῦ βασιλέως, οὐ δυνήσεται τὸν βασιλέα ἰδεῖν, ἀλλὰ, τῆς ἀρχῆς παραλυθείσης, τὴν ἐσχάτην ὑποστήσεται κόλασιν. Ὅταν οὖν ἁρπάζωμεν, πλεονεκτῶμεν: ὅταν ἀδικῶμεν, πλήττωμεν: ὅταν μὴ ἐλεημοσύνην ἐργασώμεθα, οὐ δυνησόμεθα ἀπελθεῖν ἐκεῖσε, ἀλλὰ καὶ πεισόμεθα ὃ γέγονε ταῖς παρθένοις. Ὅπου γὰρ ἦν, οὐκ ἐδυνήθησαν εἰσελθεῖν, ἀλλ' ἀνεχώρησαν, σβεσθεισῶν αὐτῶν τῶν λαμπάδων: τουτέστι, τοῦ χαρίσματος αὐτὰς καταλιπόντος. Τὴν γὰρ φλόγα ἐκείνην ἣν εὐθέως ἐδεξάμεθα τῇ τοῦ Πνεύματος χάριτι, ἂν μὲν βουλώμεθα, σφοδροτέραν ἐργασόμεθα αὐτήν: ἂν δὲ μὴ βουλώμεθα, ταχέως αὐτὴν ἀπολέσομεν. Σβεσθείσης δὲ ἐκείνης, οὐδὲν ἕτερον, ἀλλ' ἢ σκότος ἐν ταῖς ἡμετέραις ἔσται ψυχαῖς. Ὥσπερ γὰρ καιομένης τῆς λαμπάδος πολὺ τὸ φῶς: οὕτω διαλυθείσης οὐδὲν ἕτερον, ἀλλ' ἢ γνόφος ἔσται. Διό φησι, Τὸ πνεῦμα μὴ σβέννυτε. Σβέννυται δὲ, ὅταν ἔλαιον μὴ ἔχῃ, ὅταν ἀνέμου σφοδροτέρα τις ἐμβολὴ γένηται, ὅταν συνέχηται καὶ στενοχωρῆται (καὶ γὰρ οὕτω σβέννυται πῦρ): συνέχεται δὲ ὑπὸ φροντίδων βιωτικῶν, καὶ σβέννυται ὑπὸ ἐπιθυμίας πονηρᾶς. Οὐδὲν δὲ αὐτὴν πρὸς τοῖς εἰρημένοις οὕτω σβέννυσιν, ὡς ἀπανθρωπία, καὶ ὠμότης, καὶ ἁρπαγή. Ὅταν γὰρ τῷ ἔλαιον μὴ ἔχειν, καὶ ὕδωρ ἐπεμβάλωμεν ψυχρόν: τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πλεονεξία, ἀποψύχουσα διὰ τῆς ἀθυμίας τῶν ἀδικουμένων τὰς ψυχάς: πόθεν δυνήσεται ἀναφθῆναι λοιπόν; Ἀπελευσόμεθα τοίνυν τέφραν τε καὶ κόνιν φέροντες, καὶ πολὺν ἔχοντες τὸν καπνὸν κατηγοροῦντα ἡμῶν, ὅτι λαμπάδας ἔχοντες ἀπεσβέσαμεν. Ἔνθα γὰρ ἂν ᾖ καπνὸς, ἀνάγκη πῦρ εἶναι τὸ σβεσθέν. Ἀλλὰ μὴ γένοιτό τινα ταύτην ἀκοῦσαι τὴν φωνὴν τὴν, Οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς. Πόθεν δὲ ταύτην ἔστιν ἀκοῦσαι τὴν φωνὴν, ἢ ὅταν πένητα ἰδόντες, ὡς οὐκ ἰδόντες αὐτὸν διακεώμεθα; Ὅταν ἡμεῖς ἀγνοῶμεν τὸν πεινῶντα Χριστὸν, ἀγνοήσει ἡμᾶς καὶ αὐτὸς ἐλέου δεομένους: καὶ δικαίως. Ὁ γὰρ περιιδὼν τὸν θλιβόμενον, καὶ μὴ δοὺς ἐκ τῶν αὐτοῦ, πῶς ζητήσει λαβεῖν ἐκ τῶν οὐκ αὐτοῦ; Διὸ, παρακαλῶ, πάντα ποιῶμεν, καὶ πραγματευώμεθα, ὥστε μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν ἡμᾶς τὸ ἔλαιον, ἀλλὰ κοσμῆσαι τὰς λαμπάδας, καὶ συνεισελθεῖν τῷ νυμφίῳ εἰς τὸν νυμφῶνα: οὗ γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, δι' οὗ καὶ μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.