John of Damascus, Life of Barlaam and Joasaph

dragged down, spending their life in pleasures and evil desires; but know well that these happen to be put to death and deadened to the energy of life. For 256 some wise man has rightly called sin the death of the immortal soul; and the Apostle also says: When you were slaves of sin, you were free in regard to righteousness. What fruit did you have then in the things of which you are now ashamed? For the end of those things is death. But now having been set free from sin, and having become slaves of God, you have your fruit to holiness, and the end, everlasting life. For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life. And Joasaph said to him: Since life in the flesh is not reckoned by you in the measure of life, neither should this death, which all undergo, be reckoned by you as death. And the elder answered: Indisputably I feel this way about these things, in no way trembling at this temporary death, nor calling it death at all, if indeed it should overtake me walking in the way of God's commandments, but rather a passage from death to the better and more perfect life hidden in Christ, to obtain which the saints longed, and were altogether discontent with the present life. Wherefore the Apostle says: For we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. For in this we groan, earnestly desiring to be clothed upon with our house which is from heaven, if so be that being clothed we shall not be found naked. For we that are in this tabernacle do groan, being burdened: not for that we would be unclothed, but clothed upon, that 258 mortality might be swallowed up by life. And again: O wretched man that I am! Who shall deliver me from the body of this death? And again: I have a desire to depart, and to be with Christ. And the Prophet says: When shall I come and appear before the face of God? But that I, the very least of all, seem in no way to fear perceptible death, you may know from the fact that I, counting your father's threat as nothing, have come to you fearlessly to proclaim to you the word of salvation, knowing well that if these things should come to his knowledge, he would subject me to a myriad deaths, if it were possible. But I, preferring the word of God above all things and longing to attain to Him, neither am I frightened by temporary death, nor do I call it worthy of such a name at all, obeying the Lord's command, which says: Fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell. These, then, said Joasaph, are the achievements of your true philosophy, far transcending the nature of earthly men who cling tenaciously to the present life; and blessed are you for holding such a most courageous conviction. But what is your nourishment and that of those with you in such a desert, and whence come your garments and of what sort are they, tell me truthfully. And Barlaam said. Our nourishment is from the fruits of trees and herbs that are found, which the desert provides, watered by the dew of heaven and yielding to the 260 command of the Creator, for which there is no one who fights with us and contends and seeks to seize the greater share by the rule and law of covetousness; but untilled food and a ready-made table are set forth abundantly for all. But if ever one of the faithful brethren who live near should bring a blessing of bread, we receive this as sent from Providence for a blessing upon those who faithfully brought it. And our garments are from rags of haircloth and sheepskins or palm-bark, all worn out and much patched, severely chafing this weak flesh of ours. For we have the same covering for summer and winter,

κάτω συρομένων, ἐν ἡδοναῖς τε καὶ ἐπιθυμίαις πονηραῖς τὸν βίον δαπανῶντας· ἀλλὰ τεθανατωμένους τούτους εὖ ἴσθι τυγχάνειν καὶ νενεκρωμένους τῇ τῆς ζωῆς ἐνεργείᾳ. τὴν γὰρ 256 ἁμαρτίαν θάνατον τῆς ἀθανάτου ψυχῆς σοφός τις ἐκάλεσεν εἰκότως· φησὶ δὲ καὶ ὁ Ἀπόστολος· Ὅτε δοῦλοι ἦτε τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ἐλεύθεροι ἦτε τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ· τίνα οὖν καρπὸν εἴχετε τότε, ἐφ' οἷς νῦν ἐπαισχύνεσθε; τὸ γὰρ τέλος ἐκείνων θάνατος. νυνὶ δὲ ἐλευθερωθέντες ἀπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας, δουλωθέντες δὲ τῷ Θεῷ, ἔχετε τὸν καρπὸν ὑμῶν εἰς ἁγιασμόν, τὸ δὲ τέλος ζωὴν αἰώνιον. τὰ γὰρ ὀψώνια τῆς ἁμαρτίας θάνατος, τὸ δὲ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ζωὴ αἰώνιος. Εἶπε δὲ ὁ Ἰωάσαφ πρὸς αὐτόν· Ἐπείπερ ἡ ἐν σαρκὶ ζωὴ οὐκ ἐν μέτρῳ ζωῆς σοι λελόγισται, οὐδὲ τὸν θάνατον τοῦτον, ὃν ὑφίστανται πάντες, θάνατόν σοι λογίζεσθαι χρή. Ὁ δὲ γέρων ἀπεκρίνατο· Ἀναμφιλέκτως καὶ περὶ τούτων οὕτως ἔχω, μηδόλως τὸν πρόσκαιρον τουτονὶ θάνατον τρέμων, μήτε θάνατον αὐτὸν τοπαράπαν ἀποκαλῶν, εἴ γε τὴν ὁδὸν τῶν ἐντολῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ βαδίζοντά με καταλάβῃ, διαβατήριον δὲ μᾶλλον ἐκ θανάτου πρὸς ζωὴν τὴν κρείττονα καὶ τελειοτέραν καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ κρυπτομένην, ἧσπερ ποθοῦντες τυχεῖν οἱ ἅγιοι πάνυ τῇ παρούσῃ ἐδυσχέραινον. διό φησιν ὁ Ἀπόστολος· Οἴδαμεν ὅτι, ἐὰν ἡ ἐπίγειος ἡμῶν οἰκία τοῦ σκήνους καταλυθῇ, οἰκοδομὴν ἐκ Θεοῦ ἔχομεν οἰκίαν ἀχειροποίητον, αἰώνιον, ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς· καὶ γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ στενάζομεν, τὸ οἰκητήριον ἡμῶν τὸ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἐπενδύσασθαι ἐπιποθοῦντες, εἴ γε καὶ ἐνδυσάμενοι οὐ γυμνοὶ εὑρεθησόμεθα· καὶ γὰρ οἱ ὄντες ἐν τῷ σκήνει στενάζομεν βαρούμενοι, ἐφ' ᾧ οὐ θέλομεν ἐκδύσασθαι, ἀλλ' ἐπενδύσασθαι, ἵνα καταποθῇ τὸ 258 θνητὸν ὑπὸ τῆς ζωῆς. καὶ πάλιν· Ταλαίπωρος ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπος, τίς με ῥύσεται ἐκ τοῦ σώματος τοῦ θανάτου τούτου; καὶ αὖθις· Ἐπιθυμῶ ἀναλῦσαι καὶ σὺν Χριστῷ εἶναι. ὁ δὲ Προφήτης, Πότε ἥξω, φησί, καὶ ὀφθήσομαι τῷ προσώπῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ; ὅτι δὲ καὶ ἐμοὶ τῷ πάντων ἐλαχιστοτέρῳ οὐδόλως τὸν αἰσθητὸν θάνατον δεδοικέναι δοκεῖ, ἔξεστί σοι γνῶναι τῷ παρ' οὐδὲν θέμενόν με τὴν τοῦ σοῦ πατρὸς ἀπειλὴν ἀδεῶς παραγενέσθαι πρὸς σὲ καὶ τὸν σωτήριόν σοι καταγγεῖλαι λόγον, ἀκριβῶς περ εἰδότα ὡς, εἰ ἔλθοι αὐτῷ εἰς γνῶσιν ταῦτα, μυρίοις με, εἰ δυνατόν, καθυποβαλεῖ θανάτοις. ἀλλ' ἔγωγε, τὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ λόγον πάντων προκρίνων καὶ αὐτοῦ ποθῶν ἐπιτυχεῖν, οὔτε πτοοῦμαι τὸν πρόσκαιρον θάνατον, οὔτε τῆς τοιαύτης αὐτὸν προσηγορίας ἄξιον ὅλως ἀποκαλῶ, τῇ ∆εσποτικῇ πειθόμενος ἐντολῇ, τῇ λεγούσῃ· Μὴ φοβεῖσθε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκτεινόντων τὸ σῶμα, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν μὴ δυναμένων ἀποκτεῖναι· φοβήθητε δὲ μᾶλλον τὸν δυνάμενον καὶ ψυχὴν καὶ σῶμα ἀπολέσαι ἐν γεέννῃ. Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν, φησὶν ὁ Ἰωάσαφ, τῆς ἀληθινῆς ὑμῶν φιλοσοφίας τὰ κατορθώματα, ὑπεραναβεβηκότα λίαν τὴν τῶν γηΐνων φύσιν τῶν δυσαποσπάστως τῆς παρούσης ἐχόντων ζωῆς· καὶ μακάριοι ὑμεῖς τοιαύτης ἐχόμενοι ἀνδρειοτάτης γνώμης. τίς δέ σου καὶ τῶν σὺν σοὶ ἐν τῇ τοιαύτῃ ἐρήμῳ ἡ διατροφή, πόθεν δὲ τὰ ἐνδύματα καὶ ποταπά, γνώρισόν μοι φιλαλήθως. Ὁ δὲ Βαρλαὰμ φησίν. Ἡ μὲν διατροφὴ ἐκ τῶν εὑρισκομένων ἐστὶν ἀκροδρύων καὶ βοτανῶν ὧν ἡ ἔρημος τρέφει, δρόσῳ ποτιζομένη οὐρανίῳ καὶ τῇ 260 προστάξει τοῦ ∆ημιουργοῦ εἴκουσα, ἐφ' οἷς οὐδείς ἐστιν ὁ μαχόμενος ἡμῖν καὶ φιλονεικῶν καὶ τὸ πλέον ζητῶν ἁρπάζειν τῷ τῆς πλεονεξίας ὅρῳ τε καὶ λόγῳ· ἀλλ' ἀφθόνως πᾶσι πρόκειται ἀνήροτος τροφὴ καὶ αὐτοσχέδιος τράπεζα. εἰ δέ ποτε καὶ τῶν πλησιαζόντων τις πιστῶν ἀδελφῶν ἄρτου ἐνέγκοι εὐλογίαν, ὡς παρὰ τῆς προνοίας πεμφθέντα δεχόμεθα τοῦτον ἐπ' εὐλογίᾳ τῶν πιστῶς προσενεγκόντων. τὰ δὲ ἐνδύματα ἀπὸ ῥακίων εἰσὶ τριχίνων καὶ μηλωταρίων ἢ σεβεννίνων, πεπαλαιωμένα πάντα καὶ πολύρραφα, πάνυ κατατρύχοντα τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦτο σαρκίον. τὸ αὐτὸ γὰρ ἡμῖν ἐστι περιβόλαιον θέρους τε καὶ χειμῶνος,