happen to us anonymously and beneficially? sifting the reasons, not obeying him who said: "Eat whatever is sold in the meat-market, asking no questions." But if this is not to be, the saints will again be found, on the one hand, to have scandalized some cities or regions by their reproofs, and on the other, to have made others proud by their praises. First, the holy Job, slandering a certain region, Phoenicia, as drawing to itself Satan who warred against him, as he says: "Do the tribes of the Phoenicians divide him?" Then Moses and the prophets, slandering Egypt, and calling it an "iron furnace" and "darkness," and praising Palestine and calling it the "promised land," it is found that to the earnest man Egypt is a "promised land," but to the slothful man Palestine is not only an "iron furnace," but also "outer darkness" through unbelief; since it is not the places that are worthy of blame or praise, but the practices. But why should I extend my discourse to great length, and not begin with concise examples? When Paul called the Cretans "liars" and the Galatians "foolish" and the Corinthians "puffed up," and others other things, did he recognize these passions in them alone, bringing his reproof upon them alone, or upon all? Or, conversely, when he called the Romans "faithful" and the Ephesians "initiated," to whom he also writes in a loftier tone, and the Thessalonians "brother-lovers," did he limit his praises to them alone? By no means; but as one borne by the Spirit he set down both the rebukes and the praises, so that the one worthy of praise, upon recognizing it, might be strengthened in his zeal, while the other, encountering it, might be pained by the reminder, and shake off the cause of the rebuke. Therefore, neither are the Galatians alone foolish, nor the Cretans liars, nor the Corinthians proud; for all things exist everywhere, since nature is one, both sinning and succeeding, becoming the one and the other in the same person by its own choice. In this way, therefore, John spoke frankly in the church; or rather, he carved up virtue for the hungry, and boned out sin with open reproofs, obeying the one who said: "Rebuke the one who sins in the presence of all, so that the rest may also be afraid." But if some, who are sick with extreme pride or folly, wish for their pleasures also to be praised, "the servants of God do not have this custom." For those who are indignant at the censure of greed and fornication and any other abominable pleasure, are in effect saying nothing other than that we ought to accept these things, though they are poisons. <CHAPTER ΙΘʹ> {THE DEACON.} Many thanks, father, for the visit of your brotherly love; for it has become for us beneficial and a memorial of life. And when Theodorus fell silent after the many praises, one of those present uttered a word, saying: How then, being adorned with so many excellent qualities, was he arrogant? {THE BISHOP.} Did you, being present yourself, know him to be arrogant, or did another relate it to you? And he answered: I do not know the man (he says), but I heard from a certain tanner who related that it was rare for him to associate with anyone outside the church, being constrained from spending much time with those who wished it. And this is a sign of arrogance and pride, to flee the company of those who desire it. {THE BISHOP.} And who else would criticize the philosophy of John but a tanner, who accepts the stench of his own workshop as his companion? But if it is a sign of arrogance to flee the crowds, then John the Baptist will also be arrogant according to your reasoning, withdrawing into the deserts. And then also the Savior; for it is written that, "Seeing the crowds, Jesus went up on the mountain; and when he was seated, his disciples came to him," and not the crowds; -and again: "Seeing the crowds, he withdrew by himself." Imitating him according to his ability, the good John also withdrew from the crowds, delighting in those who truly wished to learn something. {THE DEACON.} For you persuade well from scriptural examples; but what have you to say to the fact that he was insolent, and not only withdrew from the many, but also one and
ἀνωνύμως καὶ ἐπωφελῶς ἡμῖν γινο μένους; σιτεύοντες τὰς αἰτίας οὐ πειθόμενοι τῷ εἰρηκότι· "Πᾶν τὸ ἐν μακέλλῳ πωλούμενον ἐσθίετε, μηδὲν ἀνακρίνοντες." εἰ δὲ μὴ τοῦτο ἔσται, ἔσονται πάλιν οἱ ἅγιοι σκανδαλίσαντες μέν τινας πόλεις ἢ χώρας ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐλέγχοις, ἐκτραχηλίσαντες δὲ τοῖς ἐπαίνοις ἄλλας. πρῶτος ὁ ἅγιος Ἰώβ, Φοινίκην τινὰ διαβάλλων χώραν, ὡς ἐπισπωμένην τὸν αὐτῷ προσπολεμοῦντα 119 Σατανᾶν, καθὼς λέγει· "Μεριτεύονται δὲ αὐτὸν γένη Φοινίκων;" ἔπειτα Μωϋσῆς καὶ οἱ προφῆται τὴν Αἴγυπτον διαβάλλοντες, καὶ "κάμινον σιδηρᾶν" προσαγορεύοντες καὶ "σκότος," καὶ τὴν Παλαιστίνην ἐγκωμιάζοντες καὶ "γῆν ἐπαγγελίας" ἀποκα λοῦντες, εὑρισκομένην τὴν μὲν Αἴγυπτον τῷ σπουδαίῳ "γῆν ἐπαγγελίας," τῷ δὲ ῥᾳθύμῳ τὴν Παλαιστίνην οὐ μόνον "κάμινον σιδηρᾶν," ἀλλὰ καὶ "σκότος ἐξώτερον" τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ· ὁπότε οὐ τὰ χωρία ψεκτὰ ἢ ἐπαινετά, ἀλλὰ τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα. τί δέ μοι καὶ εἰς μῆκος ἐκτείνειν τὸν λόγον, καὶ μὴ ἀπὸ τῶν συντόμων ἄρχεσθαι; ἆρά γε ὁ Παῦλος "ψεύστας" Κρῆτας ἀποκαλῶν καὶ Γαλάτας "ἀνοήτους" καὶ Κορινθίους "πεφυσιωμένους" καὶ ἄλλους ἄλλα, τούτοις μόνοις συνέγνω τὰ πάθη, ὡς μόνοις τὸν ἔλεγχον ἐπαγαγών, ἢ καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν; ἢ ἀνάπαλιν "πιστοὺς" Ῥωμαίους ἀποκαλῶν καὶ "μύστας" Ἐφεσίους, οἷς καὶ ὑψηλότερον ἐπιστέλλει, καὶ "φιλαδέλφους" Θεσσαλονικεῖς, μόνοις περιέγραψεν τοὺς ἐπαίνους; οὐ πάντως· ἀλλ' ὡς πνευματο φόρος τέθεικεν καὶ τοὺς ψόγους καὶ τοὺς ἐπαίνους, ἵνα ὁ μὲν ἄξιος τῶν ἐπαίνων ἐπιγνούς, τονωθῇ τῇ προθυμίᾳ, ὁ δὲ ἕτερος ἐντυχών, ὀδυνήθῃ τῇ ὑπομνήσει, ἀποτριψάμενος τοῦ ψόγου τὸ αἴτιον. οὔτε οὖν μόνοι Γαλάται ἀνόητοι οὔτε Κρῆτες ψεῦσται οὔτε Κορίνθιοι ὑπερήφανοι· πανταχοῦ γὰρ τὰ πάντα ὑπάρχει, τοῦ μίαν εἶναι καὶ τὴν ἁμαρτάνουσαν καὶ τὴν κατορθοῦσαν φύσιν, καὶ ἐκεῖνο καὶ τοῦτο ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ γιγνομένην οἰκείᾳ προαιρέσει. τούτῳ τοίνυν τῷ τρόπῳ ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ ἐπαῤῥησιά ζετο ὁ Ἰωάννης· μᾶλλον δὲ ἐκρεοκόπει τὴν ἀρετὴν τοῖς πεινῶσιν, ἐξοστεΐζων τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τοῖς φανεροῖς ἐλέγχοις, πειθόμενος τῷ εἰρηκότι· "Τὸν ἁμαρτάνοντα ἐνώπιον πάντων ἔλεγχε, ἵνα καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ φόβον ἔχωσι." εἰ δέ τινες ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ὑπερηφανίαν ἢ ἀφροσύνην νοσοῦντες βούλονται αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς ἡδονὰς ἐγκω μιάζεσθαι, "ταύτην τὴν συνήθειαν οἱ τοῦ Θεοῦ δοῦλοι οὐκ ἔχουσιν." οἱ γὰρ ἀγανακτοῦντες ἐπὶ τῷ ψόγῳ τῆς πλεονεξίας καὶ τῆς πορνείας καὶ ἄλλης τινὸς μυσαρᾶς ἡδονῆς, οὐδὲν ἄλλο 120 λέγουσι δυνάμει ἢ τὸ δεῖν ἀποδέχεσθαι ταῦτα δηλητήρια ὄντα. <ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟΝ ΙΘʹ> {Ο ∆ΙΑΚ.} Χάρις πλείστη, πάτερ, τῇ ἐνδημίᾳ τῆς σῆς φιλα δελφίας· γεγένηται γὰρ ἡμῖν ὀνησιφόρος καὶ μνημόσυνον τῆς ζωῆς. Ἡσυχάσαντος δὲ μετὰ τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐπαίνους τοῦ Θεοδώρου, τῶν παρόντων τις ἔῤῥηξεν ῥῆμα, λέγων· Πῶς οὖν τοσούτοις προτερήμασι κεκοσμημένος, ὑπερήφανος ἦν; {Ο ΕΠΙΣΚ.} Αὐτὸς παρὼν ἔγνως αὐτὸν ὑπερήφανον, ἢ ἄλλος σοι ἀφηγήσατο; Ὁ δὲ ἀπεκρίθη· Οὐκ οἶδα τὸν ἄνδρα (φησίν), ἀλλ' ἤκουσα παρά τινος βυρσο δέψου διηγουμένου, ὅτι σπανίως ἦν αὐτῷ συναγελάσαι δίχα τῆς ἐκκλησίας, στενοχωρουμένῳ τὸ συνδιάγειν ἐπὶ πολὺ τοῖς βου λομένοις. τοῦτο δὲ δεῖγμα ὑπεροψίας καὶ τύφου, τὸ φεύγειν τὰς τῶν βουλομένων συνουσίας. {Ο ΕΠΙΣΚ.} Καὶ τίνος ἦν ἄλλου ψέξαι τὴν Ἰωάννου φιλοσο φίαν ἢ βυρσοδέψου, τοῦ καὶ τὴν δυσωδίαν τοῦ ἰδίου ἐργαστηρίου σύντροφον οὖσαν ἀποδεχομένου; εἰ δὲ δεῖγμα ὑπεροψίας τὸ φεύ γειν τοὺς ὄχλους, ἔσται καὶ ὁ βαπτιστὴς Ἰωάννης ὑπερόπτης κατὰ τὸν λόγον τὸν σόν, ὑποχωρῶν εἰς τὰς ἐρήμους. ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ὁ Σωτήρ· ἀναγέγραπται γάρ, ὅτι "Ἰδὼν τοὺς ὄχλους ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀνέβη εἰς τὸ ὄρος· καθίσαντος δὲ αὐτοῦ προσῆλθον αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ," καὶ οὐχ οἱ ὄχλοι· -καὶ πάλιν· "Ἰδὼν τοὺς ὄχλους ἀνεχώρησεν κατ' ἰδίαν." ὃν μιμούμενος κατὰ δύναμιν ὁ καλὸς Ἰωάννης, καὶ αὐτὸς ὑπεχώρει τοὺς ὄχλους, συνηδόμενος τοῖς κατὰ ἀλήθειαν μαθεῖν τι βουλομένοις. {Ο ∆ΙΑΚ.} Καλῶς μὲν γὰρ ἀπὸ γραφικῶν παραδειγμάτων πείθεις· τί δὲ ἔχεις εἰπεῖν, ὅτι ὑβριστὴς ἦν, καὶ οὐ μόνον τοὺς πολλοὺς ὑπεχώρει, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἕνα καὶ