52

they danced in the Goustium, that is, in the provision-market, in honor of Tiberius; but such a place the common people now call the Augusteum. In the uncovered part of Daphne, in the small courtyard, Constantine the Great set up a stele of his mother, from which he named the place Augusteum. 4.139 On the day before the Nones of October, Democritus asserts that the Kids rise and a north wind blows, but Eudoxus says that the middle of the Ram sets. On the Nones of October, Varro predicts that the Pleiades rise in the evening and a west wind blows, and then also a south-west wind. 4.140 Concerning the wooden horse, Euphorion says that the Greeks had a ship called the Horse; but others say that there was a gate in Troy so named, through which the Greeks entered. 4.141 On the day before the Ides of October, Euktemon considers it to be the midpoint of autumn. On the fifteenth day before the Kalends of November the sun is in Scorpio, as Callippus says. On the fourteenth day before the Kalends of November, Metrodorus says that the Hyades rise in the evening, and a violent wind. 4.142 It is said that there were three Asclepii: the first, son of Apollo and Hephaestus, who invented the probe; the second, son of Ischys son of Elatus and Coronis, who was buried in the territory of Cynosura; the third, son of Arsippus and Arsinoe daughter of Leucippus; this one invented incision and the tooth-drawer, and his tomb is in Arcadia; but the astronomers say he is Ophiuchus, who stands over Scorpio. 4.143 On the day before the Kalends of November, Varro says that Lyra rises with the sun. 4.144 November. Cincius in his work on festivals says that November was called Mercedinus by the ancients, as if wage-bearing; for in it the hired laborers brought the revenues of the past cycle to the owners, with other crops coming on again. But it was later named November from the number; for it is the ninth from March. 4.145 That an oracle from the Sibylline books revealed that the kingdom would be preserved for the Romans for as long as they took care of the statues of the city; which oracle has indeed come to pass; for when Avitus last ruled Rome and dared to melt down the statues, the kingdom was far from Italy. 4.146 That the Colchians, who are also called the Lazi, are the Alani. 4.147 That Marius the great, while warring against the Cimbri and Teutones, saw in a dream that he would conquer the enemy if he sacrificed his own daughter to the averting gods; and preferring his fellow citizens to nature, he did this and conquered the enemy. And Erechtheus, the ruler of Attica, did this, persuaded not by a dream but by an oracle, and conquered his enemies. ... a maiden of the divinity the philanthropy ..... the ... passed every dwelling and to the ............. roused, as the Roman Varro says. The story is that similar things also happened to the Lacedaemonians ..................... Aristides, who in his on .......... says: when .... this plague held Lacedaemon, with many perishing, the Pythian delivered an oracle that the disease would cease, if each year a well-born maiden of marriageable age were slaughtered for the averting gods. And while this lawless superstition was being performed every autumn, it once happened that Helen was chosen by lot, and Tyndareus brought his daughter, crowned with garlands, to the altars; but as he was beginning the unlawful sacrifice, an eagle, swooping down, snatched the king's sword and dropped it beside a white heifer. The guards, having followed behind and become eyewitnesses of the event, brought the cow to Tyndareus; and he, marveling at this providence, ceased from the custom of man-slaying, and having sacrificed the heifer, was delivered from the plague. 4.148 On the fourth and third day before the Nones of November, in the temple of Isis, is the conclusion of the festivals; and the

52

ἐχόρευον ἐν τῷ Γουστείῳ, οἷον ἐν τῷ ὀψοπωλείῳ, εἰς τιμὴν Τιβερίου· τὸν δὲ τοιοῦτον τόπον νῦν οἱ ἰδιῶται Αὐγουστεῖον καλοῦσιν. εἰς τὸ ἄσκεπον τῆς ∆άφνης εἰς τὴν μικρὰν αὐλὴν Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας ἔστησε στήλην τῆς ἑαυτοῦ μητρός, ἐξ ἧς ὠνόμασε τὸν τόπον Αὐγουστεῖον. 4.139 Τῇ πρὸ μιᾶς Νωνῶν Ὀκτωβρίων ὁ ∆ημόκριτος τοὺς ἐρίφους ἀνίσχειν καὶ βορρᾶν πνεῖν διϊσχυρίζεται, ὁ δὲ Εὔδοξος δύεσθαι τὸ μέσον τοῦ κριοῦ λέγει. Νώναις Ὀκτωβρίαις ὁ Βάρρων ἐν ἑσπέρᾳ τὰς Πλειάδας ἀνίσχειν καὶ ζέφυρον πνεῖν, εἶτα καὶ λίβα προλέγει. 4.140 Περὶ τοῦ δουρείου ἵππου ὁ Εὐφορίων φησὶν πλοῖον γενέσθαι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν Ἵππον λεγόμενον· ἕτεροι δέ φασιν πύλην γενέσθαι οὕτω προσαγορευομένην ἐν τῇ Τροίᾳ, δι' ἧς εἰσῆλθον οἱ Ἕλληνες. 4.141 Τῇ πρὸ μιᾶς Εἰδῶν Ὀκτωβρίων ὁ Εὐκτήμων τὸ μεσαίτατον τοῦ φθινοπώρου εἶναι νομίζει. τῇ πρὸ δεκαπέντε Καλενδῶν Νοεμβρίων ἥλιος ἐν σκορπίῳ γίνεται, ὡς Κάλλιππός φησι. τῇ πρὸ δεκατεσσάρων Καλενδῶν Νοεμβρίων ὁ Μητρόδωρος τὰς ὑάδας ἐν ἑσπέρᾳ ἀνίσχειν λέγει καὶ ἄνεμον βίαιον. 4.142 Ἀσκληπιοὶ τρεῖς λέγονται γενέσθαι· πρῶτος Ἀπόλλωνος τοῦ Ἡφαίστου, ὃς ἐξεῦρε μήλην· δεύτερος Ἰσχύος τοῦ Ἐλάτου καὶ Κορωνίδος, ὃς ἐν τοῖς Κυνοσουρίδος ὁρίοις ἐτάφη· τρίτος Ἀρσίππου καὶ Ἀρσινόης τῆς Λευκίππου· οὗτος εὗρε τομὴν καὶ ὀδοντάγραν, καὶ τάφος αὐτῷ ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ· οἱ δὲ ἀστρονόμοι αὐτόν φασιν εἶναι τὸν ὀφιοῦχον τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ σκορπίου ἑστῶτα. 4.143 Τῇ πρὸ μιᾶς Καλενδῶν Νοεμβρίων ὁ Βάρρων τὴν λύραν ἅμα ἡλίῳ ἀνίσχειν λέγει. 4.144 Νοέμβριος. Κίγκιος ἐν τῷ περὶ ἑορτῶν λέγει, τὸν Νοέμβριον παρὰ τοῖς παλαιοῖς Μερκηδῖνον ὀνομασθῆναι ὡσανεὶ μισθοφόρον· ἐν αὐτῷ γὰρ τοῖς κτήτορσιν οἱ μισθωτοὶ τὰς προσόδους εἰσέφερον τοῦ παρελθόντος κύκλου, ἑτέρων καρπῶν αὖθις ἐπερχομένων. Νοέμ βριος δὲ ὕστερον ὠνομάσθη ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ· ἔννατος γὰρ ἐκ τοῦ Μαρτίου. 4.145 Ὅτι χρησμὸς ἐκ τῶν Σιβυλλείων ἐδήλου, μέχρι τότε Ῥωμαίοις φυλάττεσθαι τὴν βασιλείαν, ἄχρις ἂν τῶν ἀγαλμάτων τῆς πόλεως φροντίζωσιν· ὃς δὴ χρησμὸς καὶ πεπέρασται· τοῦ γὰρ Ἀβίτου πύματον βασιλεύσαντος τῆς Ῥώμης καὶ ἀγάλματα χωνεῦσαι τολμήσαντος, πόρρω τῆς Ἰταλίας ἡ βασιλεία. 4.146 Ὅτι Κόλχοι οἱ καὶ Λαζοὶ λεγόμενοί εἰσιν οἱ Ἀλαϊνοί. 4.147 Ὅτι Μάριος ὁ μέγας πολεμῶν Κίμβροις καὶ Τεύτοσι κατ' ὄναρ εἶδε κρατῆσαι τῶν πολεμίων, εἰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ θυγατέρα θύσει ἀποτροπαίοις· καὶ προκρίνας τῆς φύσεως τοὺς πολίτας τοῦτο ἐποίησε καὶ τῶν πολεμίων ἐκράτησεν. Ἐρεχθεὺς δὲ ὁ τῆς Ἀττικῆς προϊστάμενος οὐκ ὀνείρῳ ἀλλὰ χρησμῷ πεισθεὶς τοῦτο ἔπραξε καὶ νενίκηκε τοὺς ἐχθρούς. ... παρθένος τῆς δαίμονος τὸ φιλάνθρωπον ..... τὴν ὀφ.... πᾶσαν κατοικίαν παρῆλθε καὶ τοῖς ............. διήγειρεν, ὡς ὁ Ῥωμαῖος Βάρρων. ὅμοια καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις γενέσθαι λόγος ..................... Ἀριστείδης, ὃς ἐν τῇ πε.......... φησίν· ἡνίκα .... οὗτος ὁ λοιμὸς κατεῖχε Λακεδαίμονα, πολλῶν ἀπολλυμένων ἔχρησεν ὁ Πύθιος παύσεσθαι τὴν νόσον, ἐὰν κατ' ἐνιαυτὸν θεοῖς ἀποτροπαίοις ἡβῶσά τις καὶ εὐγενὴς σφαγιασθῇ παρθένος. τῆς δὲ ἀνόμου δεισιδαιμονίας κατὰ πᾶν φθινόπωρον τελουμένης συνέπεσέ ποτε λαχεῖν τὴν Ἑλένην, Τυνδάρεως δὲ τὴν θυγατέρα ἐστεφανωμένην τοῖς βωμοῖς προσήγαγε· καταρχομένου δὲ αὐτοῦ τῆς ἀνόμου θυσίας, ἀετὸς καταπτὰς ἥρπασε τοῦ βασιλέως τὸ ξίφος καὶ παρά τινα λευκὴν δάμαλιν ἀφῆκεν. οἱ δὲ δορυφόροι κατόπιν ἀκολουθήσαντες καὶ αὐτόπται γενόμενοι τοῦ συμβάντος, τὴν βοῦν πρὸς Τυνδάρεων ἤγαγον· ὁ δὲ θαυμάσας τὴν πρόνοιαν τῆς μὲν ἀνθρωποκτόνου συνηθείας ἐπαύσατο, τὴν δὲ δάμαλιν θύσας τοῦ λοιμικοῦ πάθους ἀπηλλάττετο. 4.148 Τῇ πρὸ τεσσάρων καὶ τριῶν Νωνῶν Νοεμβρίων ἐν τῷ ναῷ τῆς Ἴσιδος συμπέρασμα τῶν ἑορτῶν· ἐπετελεῖτο δὲ καὶ ὁ