two? {THE BISHOP} Especially if it is an unprofitable and charlatan crowd; such as the one who said to Jesus: "Teacher, I will follow you wherever you go." Did not the Savior, not fleeing the crowd, say, 121 "The foxes," and what follows? But you cannot persuade me that John, after he was baptized, ever swore an oath, or administered one, or spoke evil, or lied, or cursed, or tolerated jesting. {THE DEACON} For I am not saying any of those things, but that he was insolent. {THE BISHOP} O my good sir, how could one who did none of these things be insolent, being unrestrained in his own tongue? For in a small and great matter the defilement is equal. {THE DEACON} What then, I ask, is it that people are saying; and when will they stop speaking? {THE BISHOP} Hear then about all things, and no longer follow idle talk; for you will never have an excuse. People who do not live rightly do not have right opinions, always conjecturing and devoting their leisure to this, especially now when no one dares to say anything else. For even in the case of God the Savior, though he was living and speaking and acting beyond man and beyond a prophet, they spoke strange things, gathering things about him like pigs or flies (for this is what the times then wanted). For some said, "He deceives the world"; and others, "He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of the demons"; others, "Behold, a gluttonous man and a winebibber"; others, "He is a Samaritan, and has a demon." And why must I speak, collecting the slanders? - so that the Savior himself, knowing this, said to the apostles: "Who do people say that I, the Son of Man, am?" To which the disciples respond, recounting the more favorable opinions about him: "Some say Elijah, others Jeremiah, and others John the Baptist"; keeping silent about the mostly evil words. To whom he asks in return, separating them from "the people" (for they were no longer "people" in opinion, but sons of God, for the Word "gave" us "authority to become children of God"): "But you, who do you say that I am?" Not all answer, but only Peter, interpreting the opinion of all: "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God." 122 The Savior, accepting the correctness of this answer, declared, saying: "You are Peter, and on this rock" (that is, the confession) "I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it." By this characteristic, therefore, you will find even now, not only in the case of John, but in the case of all, the blames and the praises. And just as at that time evil things were said about Christ and the apostles, with the Ephesians shouting, "These are the men who have turned the world upside down," but it has now ceased, as they are being glorified; so you will find after this generation that John is honored as a martyr, when the things opposing the praises about him are destroyed. And those who are swinish or dog-like will say, "He deceives the world," and what follows, but those who are disciples, genuinely and with knowledge seeking him out, will say, "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God." But if in the case of Christ the Savior, among so many thousands of men, twelve were found in the beginning who knew Jesus with knowledge, while the many are still even now talking nonsense, why are we so meticulous about John, a man who is not even as the spittle of Christ? But why do I say, as the spittle? —as the fringe of his garment; for "all the nations," according to Isaiah, "are as a drop from a bucket, and will be counted as spittle." But the way you said he was insolent, is as follows. For in the first place, it was an impossible thing for him to jest with a random person, let alone to be insolent; but if he somewhere saw any of his genuine disciples or clerics or bishops being proud of some abstinence or achievement of bodily virtue, he would mockingly call them the opposite, calling the water-drinker a drunkard, and the one who possessed nothing a covetous man, and the merciful one a thief (for this too is a graceful kind of teaching for the genuine, confirming what is present by means of what is not). But in truth, he honored a temperate young man above
δύο; {Ο ΕΠΙΣΚ.} Μάλιστα μὲν καὶ εἰ ἀνωφελὴς καὶ ἀγύρτης ὄχλος ἐστίν· οἷος ἦν ὁ εἰπὼν τῷ Ἰησοῦ· "∆ιδάσκαλε, ἀκολουθήσω σοι, ὅπου ἐὰν ἀπέρχῃ." οὐ φυγὼν τὸν ὄχλον ὁ Σωτὴρ εἶπεν τό, 121 "Αἱ ἀλώπεκες," καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς; οὐκ ἔχεις δέ με πεῖσαι, ὅτι ποτὲ Ἰωάννης ἀφ' οὗ ἐβαπτίσθη, ἢ ὤμοσεν ἢ ὥρκισεν ἢ κατελάλησεν ἢ ἐψεύσατο ἢ κατηράσατο ἢ εὐτραπέλων ἠνέσχετο. {Ο ∆ΙΑΚ.} Οὔτε γὰρ ἐγὼ λέγω τούτων τι, ἀλλ' ὅτι ὕβριζεν. {Ο ΕΠΙΣΚ.} Ὦ βέλτιστε, καὶ ὁ τούτων μηδὲν ποιήσας, πῶς ὕβριζεν, ἀφειδῶν τῆς γλώσσης τῆς ἑαυτοῦ; ἐν μικρῷ γὰρ καὶ μεγάλῳ ὁ μολυσμὸς ἴσος ἐστιν. {Ο ∆ΙΑΚ.} Τί οὖν ἐστιν, παρακαλῶ, ἃ λαλοῦσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι· καὶ πότε παύσονται τοῦ λαλεῖν; {Ο ΕΠΙΣΚ.} Ἄκουσον τοίνυν περὶ πάντων, καὶ μηκέτι ἕπου ταῖς φλυαρίαις· οὐ γὰρ ἕξεις ἀπολογίαν οὐδέποτε. οἱ ἄνθρωποι ὀρθῶς μὴ βιοῦντες, ὀρθὰς οὐκ ἔχουσι τὰς ὑπολήψεις, ἀεὶ εἰκο τολογοῦντες καὶ εἰς τοῦτο σχολάζοντες, μάλιστα νῦν οὐδενὸς τολμῶντος ἄλλο τι λέγειν. καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Σωτῆρος γὰρ Θεοῦ, καὶ ὑπὲρ ἄνθρωπον καὶ ὑπὲρ προφήτην αὐτοῦ καὶ βιοῦντος καὶ λαλοῦντος καὶ δρῶντος, ἀλλόκοτα ἐλάλουν, χοίρων δίκην ἢ μυιῶν τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ συναθροίζοντες (τοῦτο γὰρ ἤθελον οἱ τότε καιροί). οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἔλεγον· "Πλανᾷ τὸν κόσμον"· οἱ δέ, "Ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ ἄρχοντι τῶν δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια"· ἕτεροι, "Ἰδού, ἄνθρωπος φάγος καὶ οἰνοπότης"· ἄλλοι, "Σαμαρείτης ἐστι, καὶ δαιμόνιον ἔχει." καὶ τί με δεῖ λέγειν συναγαγόντα τοὺς ὕθλους; - ὡς καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν Σωτῆρα εἰδότα τοῦτο λέγειν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις· "Τίνα με λέγουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι εἶναι τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου;" ᾧ προσαποκρίνονται οἱ μαθηταὶ τὰς εὐφημοτέρας περὶ αὐτοῦ ὑπο λήψεις διηγούμενοι· "Οἱ μὲν Ἠλίαν, οἱ δὲ Ἰερεμίαν, ἄλλοι δὲ Ἰωάννην τὸν βαπτιστὴν φήσαντες"· ἡσυχάσαντες τῶν ἐπὶ πλεῖστον φαύλων τοὺς λόγους. οἷς ἀντεπερωτᾷ διαχωρίζων αὐτοὺς "τῶν ἀνθρώπων" (οὐκέτι γὰρ ἦσαν τὴν γνώμην "ἄν θρωποι," ἀλλ' υἱοὶ Θεοῦ, "ἔδωκεν" γὰρ ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος "ἐξουσίαν τέκνα Θεοῦ γενέσθαι")· "Ὑμεῖς δὲ τίνα με λέγετε εἶναι;" ἀπο κρίνονται οὐ πάντες, ἀλλὰ μόνος ὁ Πέτρος, ἑρμηνεύων τὴν πάν των γνώμην· "Σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός, ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος." ἧς 122 ἀποκρίσεως ἀποδεχόμενος τὸ ὀρθὸν ὁ Σωτὴρ ἀπεφήνατο, εἰπών· "Σὺ εἶ Πέτρος, καὶ ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῇ πέτρᾳ" (τοῦτ' ἔστι, τῇ ὁμολογίᾳ) "οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, καὶ πύλαι Ἅδου οὐ κατ ισχύσουσιν αὐτῆς." τούτῳ τοίνυν τῷ χαρακτῆρι εὑρήσεις καὶ νῦν, οὐ μόνον ἐπὶ Ἰωάννου, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ πάντων τοὺς ψόγους καὶ τοὺς ἐπαίνους. καὶ ὥσπερ κατ' ἐκεῖνο καιροῦ κακῶς ἐλαλεῖτο τὰ περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων, βοώντων Ἐφεσίων· "Οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀναστατώσαντες τὴν οἰκουμένην," πέπαυται δὲ νῦν, δοξαζομένων αὐτῶν· οὕτως εὑρήσεις μετὰ τὴν γενεὰν ταύ την ὡς μάρτυρα τιμώμενον τὸν Ἰωάννην, καταλυθέντων τῶν ἀντικειμένων ταῖς περὶ αὐτοῦ εὐφημίαις· καὶ ὅσοι μὲν χοιρώ δεις ἢ κυνώδεις φήσουσι τό, "Πλανᾷ τὸν κόσμον," καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, ὅσοι δὲ μαθηταί, γνησίως καὶ ἐπιστημόνως αὐτὸν ἐκζητοῦντες, τό, "Σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός, ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ζῶντος." εἰ δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ Σωτῆρος Χριστοῦ ἐν τοσαύταις μυριάσιν ἀνδρῶν δώδεκα εὕρηνται ἐν ἀρχῇ οἱ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστημόνως γνωρίσαντες, τῶν πολλῶν εἰσέτι καὶ νῦν φλυαρούντων, τί ἀκριβολογούμεθα περὶ Ἰωάννου, ἀνθρώπου πρὸς τὸν σίελον τοῦ Χριστοῦ μὴ ὄντος; τί δὲ λέγω, πρὸς τὸν σίελον; -πρὸς τὸ κράσπεδον· "πάντα" γὰρ "τὰ ἔθνη," κατὰ τὸν Ἠσαίαν, "ὡς σταγὼν ἀπὸ κάδου, καὶ ὡς σίελος λογισθήσονται." ὃν δὲ τρόπον εἶπας αὐτὸν ὑβρίζειν, τοιοῦτός ἐστιν. πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ ἀμήχανον ἦν πρᾶγμα πρὸς τὸν τυχόντα χαριεντίζεσθαι αὐτόν, μήτι γε δὴ καὶ ὑβρίσαι· εἰ δέ πού τινας τῶν γνησίων αὐτοῦ μαθητῶν ἢ κληρικῶν ἢ ἐπισκό πων εἶδεν ἐπὶ ἀποχῇ τινος ἢ κατορθώματι σωματικῆς ἀρετῆς μεγαλοφρονοῦντας, τὸ ἐναντίον πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἐπισκώπτων ἀπε κάλει, ὡς τὸν ὑδροπότην μέθυσον, καὶ τὸν ἀκτήμονα πλεονέκτην, καὶ τὸν ἐλεήμονα κλέπτην λέγων (εἶδος γὰρ χαρίεν καὶ τοῦτο διδασκαλίας πρὸς τοὺς γνησίους, διὰ τῶν μὴ προσόντων κυ ροῦντος τὸ προσόν). τὸ δὲ ἀληθές, ἐτίμα σώφρονα νέον ὑπὲρ