Letter LIII.456    Placed in the beginning of the episcopate.

To the Chorepiscopi.457    “A class of ministers between bishops proper and presbyters, defined in the Arabic version of the Nicene canons to be ‘loco episcopi super villas et monasteria et sacerdotes villarum;’ called into existence in the latter part of the third century, and first in Asia Minor, in order to meet the wants of episcopal supervision in the country parts of the now enlarged dioceses without subdivision:  first mentioned in the Councils of Ancyra and Neo-Cæsarea a.d. 314.”  D.C.A. i. 354.  Three mss. give the title “to the bishops under him.”  The Ben. Ed. remarks:  “Liquet Basilium agere de episcopis sibi subditis.  Nam qui proprie dicebantur chorepiscopi, manus non ponebant, sed clero inferiores ministros ascribebant, ut videre est in epist. sequenti.  Sed tamen ipsi etiam episcopi, qui Ecclesias metropoli subjectas regebant, interdum vocabuntur chorepiscopi.  Queritur enim Gregorius Naz. in carmine De vita sua. quod a Basilio, qui quinquaginta chorepiscopos sub se habebat, vilissimi oppiduli constitutus episcopus fuisset.   τούτοις μ᾽ ὁ πεντήκοντα χωρεπισκόποις   στενούμενος δέδωκεν   Hoc exemplo confirmatur vetustissimorum codicum scriptura quam secuti sumus.

1.  My soul is deeply pained at the enormity of the matter on which I write, if for this only, that it has caused general suspicion and talk.  But so far it has seemed to me incredible.  I hope then that what I am writing about it may be taken by the guilty as medicine, by the innocent as a warning, by the indifferent, in which class I trust none of you may be found, as a testimony.  And what is it of which I speak?  There is a report that some of you take money from candidates for ordination,458    cf. note on Theodoret, iv. 20, p. 125. and excuse it on grounds of religion.  This is indeed worse.  If any one does evil under the guise of good he deserves double punishment; because he not only does what is in itself not good, but, so to say, makes good an accomplice in the commission of sin.  If the allegation be true, let it be so no more.  Let a better state of things begin.  To the recipient of the bribe it must be said, as was said by the Apostles to him who was willing to give money to buy the fellowship of the Holy Ghost, “Thy money perish with thee.459    Acts viii. 20.  It is a lighter sin to wish in ignorance to buy, than it is to sell, the gift of God.  A sale it was; and if you sell what you received as a free gift you will be deprived of the boon, as though you were yourself sold to Satan.  You are obtruding the traffic of the huckster into spiritual things and into the Church where we are entrusted with the body and blood of Christ.  These things must not be.  And I will mention wherein lies an ingenious contrivance.  They think that there is no sin because they take the money not before but after the ordination; but to take is to take at whatever time.

2.  I exhort you, then, abandon this gain, or, I would rather say, this approach to Hell.  Do not, by defiling your hands with such bribes, render yourselves unfit to celebrate holy mysteries.  But forgive me.  I began by discrediting; and now I am threatening as though I were convinced.  If, after this letter of mine, any one do anything of the kind, he will depart from the altars here and will seek a place where he is able to buy and to sell God’s gift.  We and the Churches of God have no such custom.460    cf. 1 Cor. xi. 16.  One word more, and I have done.  These things come of covetousness.  Now covetousness is the root of all evil and is called idolatry.461    cf. Col. iii. 5.  Do not then price idols above Christ for the sake of a little money.  Do not imitate Judas and once more betray for a bribe Him who was crucified for us.  For alike the lands and the hands of all that make such gain shall be called Aceldama.462    cf. Acts i. 19.

ΧΩΡΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΟΙΣ

[1] Τὸ τοῦ πράγματος ἄτοπον περὶ οὗ γράφω, διότι μὲν ὅλως ὑπωπτεύθη καὶ ἐλαλήθη, ὀδύνης ἐπλήρωσέ μου τὴν ψυχήν, τέως δὲ ἐφάνη μοι ἄπιστον. Τὸ οὖν περὶ αὐτοῦ γράμμα, ὁ μὲν συνεγνωκὼς ἑαυτῷ δεξάσθω ὡς ἴαμα, ὁ δὲ μὴ συνεγνωκὼς ὡς προφυλακτήριον, ὁ δὲ ἀδιάφορος, ὅπερ ἀπεύχομαι ἐφ' ὑμῖν εὑρεθῆναι, ὡς διαμαρτυρίαν. Τί δέ ἐστιν ὃ λέγω; Φασί τινές τινας ὑμῶν παρὰ τῶν χειροτονουμένων λαμβάνειν χρήματα, ἐπισκιάζειν δὲ ὀνόματι εὐσεβείας. Τοῦτο δὲ χεῖρόν ἐστιν. Ἐὰν γάρ τις τὸ κακὸν ἐν προσχήματι τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ποιῇ, διπλασίονος τιμωρίας ἐστὶν ἄξιος, διότι αὐτό τε τὸ οὐκ ἀγαθὸν ἐργάζεται καὶ κέχρηται εἰς τὸ τελέσαι τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, ὡς ἂν εἴποι τις, τῷ καλῷ συνεργῷ. Ταῦτα εἰ οὕτως ἔχει, τοῦ λοιποῦ μὴ γινέσθω, ἀλλὰ διορθωθήτω, ἐπεὶ ἀνάγκη λέγειν πρὸς τὸν δεχόμενον τὸ ἀργύριον ὅπερ ἐρρήθη παρὰ τῶν Ἀποστόλων πρὸς τὸν θέλοντα δοῦναι, ἵνα Πνεύματος Ἁγίου μετουσίαν ὠνήσηται: »Τὸ ἀργύριόν σου σὺν σοὶ εἴη εἰς ἀπώλειαν«. Κουφότερος γὰρ ὁ δι' ἀπειρίαν ὠνήσασθαι θέλων, ἢ ὁ πιπράσκων τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ δωρεάν. Πρᾶσις γὰρ ἐγένετο, καί, ὃ σὺ δωρεὰν ἔλαβες, ἐὰν πωλῇς, ὡσανεὶ πεπραμένος τῷ Σατανᾷ ἀφαιρεθήσῃ τοῦ χαρίσματος. Καπηλείαν γὰρ ἐπεισάγεις τοῖς πνευματικοῖς καὶ τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ, ἔνθα πεπιστεύμεθα σῶμα καὶ αἷμα Χριστοῦ. Ταῦτα οὕτω γίνεσθαι οὐ χρή. Ὃ δέ ἐστι τὸ τέχνασμα, λέγω. Νομίζουσι μὴ ἁμαρτάνειν τῷ μὴ προλαμβάνειν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὴν χειροτονίαν λαμβάνειν. Λαβεῖν δὲ ἔστιν ὅτε δή ποτε τὸ λαβεῖν.

[2] Παρακαλῶ οὖν, ταύτην τὴν πρόσοδον, μᾶλλον δὲ τὴν προσαγωγὴν τὴν ἐπὶ γέενναν ἀπόθεσθε, καὶ μή, τὰς χεῖρας μολύναντες τοιούτοις λήμμασιν, ἑαυτοὺς ἀναξίους ποιήσητε τοῦ ἐπιτελεῖν ἅγια μυστήρια. Σύγγνωτε δέ μοι. Πρῶτον μὲν ὡς ἀπιστήσας, εἶτα δὲ ὡς πεισθεὶς ἀπειλῶ. Εἴ τις μετὰ ταύτην μου τὴν ἐπιστολὴν πράξειέ τι τοιοῦτον, τῶν μὲν ἐνταῦθα θυσιαστηρίων ἀναχωρήσει, ζητήσει δὲ ἔνθα τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ δωρεὰν ἀγοράζων μεταπωλεῖν δύναται. Ἡμεῖς γὰρ καὶ αἱ Ἐκκλησίαι τοῦ Θεοῦ τοιαύτην συνήθειαν οὐκ ἔχομεν. Ἓν δὲ προσθεὶς παύσομαι. Διὰ φιλαργυρίαν γίνεται ταῦτα. Ἡ δὲ φιλαργυρία καὶ ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν ἐστι καὶ ὀνομάζεται εἰδωλολατρεία. Μὴ οὖν τοῦ Χριστοῦ προτιμήσητε τὰ εἴδωλα διὰ μικρὸν ἀργύριον, μηδὲ πάλιν τὸν Ἰούδαν μιμήσησθε, λήμματι προδιδόντες δεύτερον τὸν ἅπαξ ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν σταυρωθέντα. Ἐπεὶ καὶ τὰ χωρία καὶ αἱ χεῖρες τῶν τοὺς καρποὺς τούτους δεχομένων Ἀκελδαμὰ κληθήσονται.