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Cyprian of Carthage, The Epistles of Cyprian
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From the Roman Clergy to the Carthaginian Clergy, About the Retirement of the Blessed Cyprian.
To the Presbyters and Deacons.
To the Clergy, Concerning Prayer to God.
To the Martyrs and Confessors.
To the Martyrs and Confessors Who Sought that Peace Should Be Granted to the Lapsed.
To the Clergy, Concerning Those Who are in Haste to Receive Peace. a.d. 250.
To Moyses and Maximus, and the Rest of the Confessors.
To the Presbyters and Deacons About the Foregoing and the Following Letters.
To Moyses and Maximus and the Rest of the Confessors.
Moyses, Maximus, Nicostratus, and the Other Confessors Answer the Foregoing Letter. a.d. 250.
To the Presbyters and Deacons.
To the Presbyters and Deacons Abiding at Rome.
The Presbyters and Deacons Abiding at Rome, to Cyprian.
To the Carthaginian Clergy, About the Letters Sent to Rome, and Received Thence.
To the Clergy and People, About the Ordination of Aurelius as a Reader.
To the Clergy and People, About the Ordination of Celerinus as Reader.
To the Same, About the Ordination of Numidicus as Presbyter.
To the Clergy, Concerning the Care of the Poor and Strangers.
To the Clergy, Bidding Them Show Every Kindness to the Confessors in Prison.
To Caldonius, Herculanus, and Others, About the Excommunication of Felicissimus.
To the People, Concerning Five Schismatic Presbyters of the Faction of Felicissimus.
To Cornelius, About Cyprian’s Approval of His Ordination, and Concerning Felicissimus.
To the Same, on His Having Sent Letters to the Confessors Whom Novatian Had Seduced.
To the Roman Confessors, that They Should Return to Unity.
To Cornelius, Concerning Polycarp the Adrumetine.
Cornelius to Cyprian, on the Return of the Confessors to Unity.
Cyprian’s Answer to Cornelius, Congratulating Him on the Return of the Confessors from Schism.
Cornelius to Cyprian, Concerning the Faction of Novatian with His Party.
Cyprian’s Answer to Cornelius, Concerning the Crimes of Novatus.
Maximus and the Other Confessors to Cyprian, About Their Return from Schism.
From Cyprian to the Confessors, Congratulating Them on Their Return from Schism.
To Antonianus About Cornelius and Novatian.
To Fortunatus and His Other Colleagues, Concerning Those Who Had Been Overcome by Tortures.
To Cornelius, Concerning Granting Peace to the Lapsed.
To Cornelius, Concerning Fortunatus and Felicissimus, or Against the Heretics.
To the People of Thibaris, Exhorting to Martyrdom.
To Cornelius in Exile, Concerning His Confession.
To Fidus, on the Baptism of Infants.
To the Numidian Bishops, on the Redemption of Their Brethren from Captivity Among the Barbarians.
To Euchratius, About an Actor.
To Pomponius, Concerning Some Virgins.
Cæcilius, on the Sacrament of the Cup of the Lord.
To Epictetus and to the Congregation of Assuræ, Concerning Fortunatianus, Formerly Their Bishop.
To Rogatianus, Concerning the Deacon Who Contended Against the Bishop.
To Father Stephanus, Concerning Marcianus of Arles, Who Had Joined Himself to Novatian.
To the Clergy and People Abiding in Spain, Concerning Basilides and Martial.
To Florentius Pupianus, on Calumniators.
To Januarius and Other Numidian Bishops, on Baptizing Heretics.
To Quintus, Concerning the Baptism of Heretics.
To Stephen, Concerning a Council.
To Jubaianus, Concerning the Baptism of Heretics.
To Pompey, Against the Epistle of Stephen About the Baptism of Heretics.
Firmilian, Bishop of Cæsarea in Cappadocia, to Cyprian, Against the Letter of Stephen. a.d. 256.
To Magnus, on Baptizing the Novatians, and Those Who Obtain Grace on a Sick-Bed.
The Reply of Nemesianus, Dativus, Felix, and Victor, to Cyprian.
The Reply to the Same of Lucius and the Rest of the Martyrs.
The Answer of Felix, Jader, Polianus, and the Rest of the Martyrs, to Cyprian.
Cyprian to Sergius, Rogatianus, and the Other Confessors in Prison.
To Successus on the Tidings Brought from Rome, Telling of the Persecution.
To the Clergy and People Concerning His Retirement, a Little Before His Martyrdom.
Epistle LII.400 Oxford ed.: Ep. lvi. a.d. 252.
To Fortunatus and His Other Colleagues, Concerning Those Who Had Been Overcome by Tortures.
Argument.—Cyprian Being Consulted by His Colleagues, Whether Certain Lapsed Persons Who Had Been Overpowered by Torture Should Be Admitted to Communion, Replies, that Inasmuch as They Had Already Repented for the Space of Three Years, He Thought They Should Be Received; But as After the Festival of Easter There Would Be a Council of Bishops with Him, He Would Then Consider the Matter with Them.
1. Cyprian to Fortunatus, Ahymnus, Optatus, Privatianus, Donatulus, and Felix, his brethren, greeting. You have written to me, dearest brethren, that when you were in the city of Capsa for the purpose of ordaining a bishop, Superius, our brother and colleague brought before you, that Ninus, Clementianus, and Florus, our brethren, who had been previously laid hold of in the persecution, and confessing the name of the Lord, had overcome the violence of the magistracy, and the attack of a raging populace, afterwards, when they were tortured before the proconsul with severe sufferings, were vanquished by the acuteness of the torments, and fell, through their lengthened agonies, from the degree of glory to which in the full virtue of faith they were tending, and after this grave lapse, incurred not willingly but of necessity, had not yet ceased their repentance for the space of three years: of whom you thought it right to consult whether it was well to receive them now to communion.
2. And indeed, in respect of my own opinion, I think that the Lord’s mercy will not be wanting to those who are known to have stood in the ranks of battle, to have confessed the name,401 According to some readings, “the name of the Lord.” to have overcome the violence of the magistrates and the rush of the raging populace with the persistency of unshaken faith, to have suffered imprisonment, to have long resisted, amidst the threats of the proconsul and the warring of the surrounding people, torments that wrenched and tore them with protracted repetition; so that in the last moment to have been vanquished by the infirmity of the flesh, may be extenuated by the plea of preceding deserts. And it may be sufficient for such to have lost their glory, but that we ought not, moreover, to close the place of pardon to them, and deprive them of their Father’s love and of our communion; to whom we think it may be sufficient for entreating the mercy of the Lord, that for three years continually and sorrowfully, as you write, they have lamented with excessive penitential mourning. Assuredly I do not think that peace is incautiously and over-hastily granted to those, who by the bravery of their warfare, have not, we see, been previously wanting to the battle; and who, if the struggle should come on anew, might be able to regain their glory. For when it was decided in the council that penitents in peril of sickness should be assisted, and have peace granted to them, surely those ought to precede in receiving peace whom we see not to have fallen by weakness of mind, but who, having engaged in the conflict, and being wounded, have not been able to sustain the crown of their confession through weakness of the flesh; especially since, in their desire to die, they were not permitted to be slain, but the tortures wrenched their wearied frames long enough, not to conquer their faith, which is unconquerable, but to exhaust the flesh, which is weak.
3. Since, however, you have written for me to give full consideration to this matter with many of my colleagues; and so great a subject claims greater and more careful counsel from the conference of many; and as now almost all, during the first celebrations of Easter, are dwelling at home with their brethren: when they shall have completed the solemnity to be celebrated among their own people, and have begun to come to me, I will consider it more at large with each one, so that a decided opinion, weighed in the council of many priests, on the subject on which you have consulted me, may be established among us, and may be written to you. I bid you, dearest brethren, ever heartily farewell.402 [The sweetness, moderation, and prudence of this letter are alike commendable. But let us reflect what it meant to confess Christ in those days.]
ARGUMENTUM.---Consultus Cyprianus a collegis num 0346Badmittendi essent ad communionem lapsi quidam per tormenta superati, respondet, quia triennio jam poenitentiam egissent, sibi quidem videri admittendos esse, sed cum post Paschae solemnia concilium episcoporum apud se futurum esset, se cum illis rem tractaturum.
I. Cyprianus Fortunato, Ahymmo, Optato, Privatiano, Donatulo et Felici fratribus salutem. Scripsistis mihi, fratres charissimi, quod, cum in Capsensi civitate propter ordinationem episcopi essetis, pertulerit ad vos Superius frater et collega noster Ninum, Clementianum, Florum fratres nostros, qui in persecutione apprehensi prius fuerant, et nomen Domini confessi violentiam magistratus et populi frementis impetum vicerant, postmodum cum apud 0346C proconsulem poenis gravibus excruciarentur, vi tormentorum 0347A subactos esse, et de gradu gloriae, ad quam plena fidei virtute tendebant , diutinis cruciatibus excidisse, nec tamen post hunc gravem lapsum non voluntate sed necessitate susceptum a poenitentia agenda per hoc triennium destitisse. De quibus consulendum putastis an eos ad communicationem jam fas esset admittere.
II. Et quidem quod ad mei animi sententiam pertinet, puto his indulgentiam Domini non defuturam quos constat stetisse in acie, nomen Domini confessos esse, violentiam magistratuum et populi furentis incursum immobilis fidei obstinatione vicisse, passos esse carcerem, diu inter minas proconsulis et fremitum populi circumstantis tormentis laniantibus ac longa iteratione cruciantibus repugnasse; ut 0347B quod in novissimo infirmitate carnis subactum videtur, meritorum praecedentium defensione relevetur, et sit satis talibus gloriam perdidisse, non tamen debere nos eis et veniae locum claudere atque eos a paterna pietate et a nostra communicatione privare; quibus existimamus ad deprecandam clementiam Domini posse sufficere quod triennio jugiter ac dolenter, ut scribitis, cum summa poenitentiae lamentatione planxerunt. Certe non puto incaute et temere his pacem committi quos videmus militiae suae fortitudine nec prius pugnae defuisse, et si acies etiam denuo venerit, gloriam suam posse reparare. Nam, cum in concilio placuerit poenitentiam agentibus in infirmitatis periculo subveniri et pacem dari, debent utique in accipienda pace praecedere quos 0347C videmus non animi infirmitate cecidisse, sed in praelio congressos et vulneratos per imbecillitatem carnis confessionis suae coronam non potuisse perferre; maxime cum cupientibus mori non permitterentur occidi, sed tamdiu fessos tormenta Ianiarent quamdiu non fidem, quae invicta est, vincerent, sed carnem, quae infirma est , fatigarent.
III. Quoniam tamen scripsistis ut cum pluribus collegis de hoc ipso plenissime tractem et res 0348A tanta exigit majus et impensius de multorum collatione consilium, et nunc omnes fere inter Paschae prima solemnia apud se cum fratribus demorantur, quando solemnitati celebrandae apud suos satisfecerint et ad me venire coeperint, tractabo cum singulis plenius, ut de eo quod consuluistis figatur apud nos et rescribatur vobis firma sententia multorum sacerdotum consilio ponderata. Opto vos, fratres charissimi, semper bene valere.