Opuscula psychologica, theologica, daemonologica
After the judgment of the thoughts, an exact discernment of how the thoughts happen to be, whether they are good or otherwise but imagination is the
to divide for us, by the established terms, the sesquitertian ratios into both the sesquioctave ratios and the leimmata, we would have stopped at thes
having split it, he bent each one into a circle, bringing them together middle to middle with each other like a chi, having joined 7 them both to them
left, or rather the one is an image of mind, the other of soul. And in the soul itself, the right is that which is turned toward the intelligible thin
regarding the explanation of the Platonic psychogony, this we now discharge for you as a kind of debt. For Plato's statement that the division of thes
and of exegesis. And there is a letter of mine placed among my books that has traced out and carefully examined the meaning in the sayings. But it is
a ruler drives a team of two then of the 14 horses, one of them is noble and good and of such stock, but the other is from opposite stock and is oppo
a body from one of the seeing things, such that it is able to be extended as far as the stars. But it was better, he says, than to say that the extern
through which it is not swept into material disorder, but is joined to the divine light, holds it in its own place and makes it unmixed with matter, l
of knowledge. For there is something intelligible, which you must understand with the flower of the intellect. And he says that the one in us is twofo
agrees, but among them the salty is more than the drinkable. They say, for example, that every soul is either divine or changing from intellect to min
to be deemed worthy of pardon in repenting. If the soul is a body according to some of the ancients, what is it that contains it? every body is three-
distinction. Two kinds of air according to Aristotle, the vaporous from the exhalation of water and the smoky from the extinguishing of fire. The latt
Plato. Pleasure is not a coming-to-be for coming-to-be is of things that are not, while pleasure is of things that are. And coming-to-be is swift and
is natural, while habit is acquired and taught. Providence is the care for existing things that comes from God. Epicurus says: the blessed and incorr
but such powers are simply and imperceptibly desired. What then? Do we have three souls? Solution: just as the soul, when united to the body, seems to
When this is dimmed they also are dimmed the soul flourishes when this 34 withers. Further, everything desires to preserve its own substrate. If the
actuality, as physicians, others in relation to something, others a double or one-and-a-half ratio. Potentiality is found in substance, as a man in th
concerning form, matter and cause, for example the matter of the celestial bodies is not the four elements, but a certain fifth, spherical one, as be
as knowledge (for knowledge is a transition from defined things to defined things for this reason it is also knowledge, as leading the mind to a stat
this, for indeed the flesh also moves downwards and is none of the elements. Aporia: but matter, that is the element, is not soul, but the form that c
definitions have as their beginning the most general things, as their end the most specific things. If, then, these are finite, so are the definitions
and it acts according to one part and another. It seems to act in these ways as being one. For if it is divided, it is necessary for the parts to be e
the rest, but this is about hot and soft, heavy and light, rare and dense, and many opposites. In humans, the cause of local motion is intellect, in i
is nourished {which} is twofold: either as Matter or as an instrument. And the instrument is twofold: either moving and being moved, like the innate h
is equal in distance to the zodiac signs. Light is not a body. for if it were a body, how would it be possible for it to have instantaneous movement,
we see the introduction of the forms of things seen entering the sight, but how do we see the interval of the air in between? Solution: It is not that
with a violent collision. In soft things no sound is produced, because the air is broken up in their pores and dispersed as in sponges. In things that
a buzzing which is conveyed back to the sense of hearing. Others say that the sound occurring in the ears after the blockage is of the external air th
For instance, fish, not having this, are cooled through their gills. Those that have a windpipe also have a lung. Fish have neither these nor a heart.
the sense organs of touch, it is clear for every sense organ is both separated and known. Aristotle speaks of the senses both as one each and as many
Aristotle in On the Soul : if sensation ceased, the sense-organ would also cease. But if the second is not, neither is the first. Sensation and sense-
Some add also a sixth, the attentive [faculty], as when a man says, I perceived, I thought, I opined. To this part they also add the activities of t
We can say ten, but not indeed opine it, so that opinion is not up to us. But neither do we imagine what we wish for we see at night what we do not w
in the case of children, the one according to state, and the one in act, as the one governing all things or the one entering from without. Plato says
theoretical versus the practical. The theoretical corresponds to a vision discerning of forms, while the practical corresponds to a vision not only kn
organs. Moreover, at night the nutritive faculty is more active, but the locomotive faculty is not at all. A difficulty: the vegetative faculty produc
simpler, or rather the things inherent in the matter, into which the matter is also divided, which are also prop[erly] called its elements. I say then
he hints that it is not completed from both of the things mixed, but is produced in the union of the soul and the body, not by the soul itself giving
closing the senses, so as to know unknowingly the transcendent substance of that which is. For according to their own opinions, the philosopher who ha
he himself will also pardon his own student for the apparent 78 opposition to him and others will come here again to bear witness for us, the philoso
it grows and is naturally constituted to decay, must in every way grow along with and decay along with the other in a connate manner for that by whic
a demonstration, so also the soul in an infant's body and a more imperfect one, if it were in another, perfect body, would immediately have shown its
I shall use the argument. In what do you say virtue is inherent? or again, is it superimposed on the formless and incorporeal and uncompounded nature,
Porphyry has philosophized in harmony with this. For in discussing the soul, he says: “Just as insomniacs, by the very act of wanting to sleep and wat
have they cast off? Perhaps those who hold the contrary opinion will vex us with these things. But their objection is like a spider's web, which will
to have received watchwords from the first father, nor that they possess the fullness of many bosoms, nor would I accept that they stand before the bo
both the Sibylline and the Orphic ones, and those according to which the Berytian Bulls came to be and Amous the Egyptian, and Socrates and Plato (for
of the bonds by which they were bound, and after this, turning their minds upward, they will approach God. And if the account told about the Sibyl wer
has the front part? What then do you think? a mind scattered in so great a size is from this cause for him both slack and weak, and the soul is simply
would remember any of the things here. But as many of the souls as were allotted to more humble portions and their whole mind has not been snatched aw
Let us not altogether reject the analogy of the eye in the case of the soul, let it be and be called a more precise substance of the soul but if some
The manner of the entry of souls, and likewise of their release or separation from hence, both are most difficult or hard to explain for of the first
but by such powers the soul is led like some kind of thing moved by another, being drawn towards whatever the leaders happen to lead it, but then rath
For that which is according to reason, knowledge is readily at hand, but that which is contrary to reason, is so because it has received such a nature
of beasts, but perhaps the matter which reason has shown not to exist. Therefore our bodies will be resurrected, and there will be nothing to prevent
fitting and gluing it to that by means of a suitable analogy, not placing the rational and intellectual substance into any of the animals for this is
are generated from these powers alone, for this reason, having abandoned the others, they divided the substance of the soul into these alone. But if y
it is in fourths, when one might contemplate these both in the third order of the intellectual virtues and in the fourth of the paradigmatic virtues,
and so interpreting the Platonic opinion, but they do not seem to me to have grasped the precise meaning of his doctrine. But if I shall clarify for y
and with nothing separating them, it is necessary for the one to be ordered, and the other to order and the one which is ordered has its form divided
what is hard and resistant in them has been smoothed out by me. But what follows from this must be attributed to them alone for, proposing to speak a
proceeds from it and returns to it.” Then indeed he works out the point by division. For if it only remained, it would in no way differ from its cause
in our sacred writings, neither a whole soul nor any whole nature, apart from the partial ones, has been dogmatically established1. I for my part reje
by the energy, then also the substance is perfected according to it, and these things stand in each other according to one energy. For he who does not
having a life activated according to intellect and reason the psychic is defined according to reason 124 and takes care of divisible souls the physi
tormenting them. But there are, they say, both on earth divine daimons and in the air, guardians of the animals there, and <in> the water, extending t
make it superior to the confusion of life, but, if possible, may you not even leave behind in the terrestrial world the very body which you have put o
cast under your mind: for there is no plant of truth on earth» that is: do not busy your mind with the great measures of the earth, as the geographer
Gregory by reason and contemplation leads the soul up to the more divine things by reason that is according to us, the more intellectual and better,
such a lion-bearing fount of heaven and the stars, but the ruling part of its own existence conceals the vision of them. Chaldaean Oracle. From all si
often appearing, they feign the semblance of some goodness towards the one being initiated. Chaldean Oracle. The soul of mortals will draw God into it
they can. Whence everything they say and show is false and insubstantial for they know existing things through forms but that which knows future thi
and fear is the holding back of his goodness towards us for the sake of the economy. Chaldean Oracle. The Father snatched himself away, not even enclo
they are possessed by passions. Therefore, it is necessary for these also to receive their part of the whole judgment and, having been filled up with
for it is higher than being venerated, than being uttered, and than being conceived. A Chaldean Oracle. The Iynges, being conceived by the Father, the
an unknown password, spoken and unspoken. And they often bring the soul down 148 into the world for many reasons, either through the shedding of its w
of truth and of love. After which are the demiurgic fountains, such as that of the ideas, according to which the cosmos and the things in it have shap
enclosing the triad towards itself and they call these also intelligible. After these, another order of the intelligible and at the same time intelle
to the setting [sun], and the pit to the one just at mid-heaven. And thus, gently separating the membrane of the liver, [which is placed] upon the org
parts of philosophy is necessary. For according to moral philosophy it is necessary to assume that not all things are and come to be by necessity, but
knowledge and sees not only the essences themselves, but also their powers and their activities, both those according to nature and those contrary to
he acquired. For even before the birth of both, God knew that the one would be good, and the other would turn out bad and this knowledge is an unchan
from the one who knows, and it revolves around the thing known and is made like the one who knows. I mean something like this: the knowledge of the so
they fabricate. For I too had a certain little man, ignoble in soul, but by no means the least of storytellers to him, at any rate, such phantoms pre
The manner of the entry of souls, and likewise of their release or separation from hence, both are most difficult or hard to explain; for of the first union of our mixture not one at all preserves the memory, and the dissolution of each of the living beings is something future and in the process of happening. How then could one give an account of things which one neither remembers nor has experienced? But since nothing is unconquerable by philosophy, but even unspoken things are spoken by it and secrets are set forth, from it must be gathered the solutions to the difficulties. And first, do not suppose the entry to be corporeal, nor think the soul, being borne from above, is necessarily coupled with the body, nor breathed into it through a temporal motion nor drawn up from below or inhaled nor snatched from the air, but not even as introducing itself through the openings of the passages of the nose or the mouth or other unseen ones. Nor does the revolution of the heaven, bringing like things together with like, thrust the soul into bodies, nor does a celestial stream proceeding from the east drive it in or push it in; for not as from a distance nor through a period of time nor moving little by little is it coupled with the body. But that I may use an example for you, just as the progression from non-being to being is instantaneous and without motion, and just as from the rising sun all things are suddenly illumined, and especially the surrounding air, and just as tuned strings immediately partake of harmony, and just as naphtha is ignited 99 by the fire of the intervening ignited air, so indeed is the body at once kindled and illumined by the soul and becomes full of that one's cognitive and generative powers, not with it being diffused little by little into its parts, nor being first established in the heart or in the liver or in the brain, and then flowing out from there, but at once taking hold of the whole and illumining it instantly. And its bond to the body is harmonic principles and hypostases of forms, both from the whole of nature and from the particular, and from the paternal principles and the animations and the entelechies, and of the coherence of the form and of the fitness of the body, fashioned by superior powers. And at the union are active the supervisions of angels, at once setting the soul in order and guarding it. And this is the manner of the entry. But that of the dissolution: the angel entrusted with its guardianship, having received from above the permission for the release, having ineffably shone upon it with intelligible light, when the body has now become unfit for its reception, the symphony having been completely dissolved and the harmonic principles having withdrawn, at once he both gathered it and drew it to the kindred light, having gathered it from material indefiniteness and caused it to rush toward the super-luminous radiance and having made it full of the divine fire; for now I do not dispute for you the differences of souls, but I describe accurately for you the best one. Therefore, just as the union happens at once, so indeed also the separation. And I would not dare to say the soul is easily circumscribed nor entirely motionless, but indivisible and quickly changing and for its ascents or descents not requiring an extension of time. Concerning the soul You asked concerning the soul being released from the body, whether it immediately proceeds to its own allotments or uses certain guides for its restoration to them. Concerning this, then, I answer you with confidence, that 100 just as certain powers, superior to that life of it {of the body} with the body, preside over it and, as it is being fitted for generation, guardians are sent from God, so indeed also, when it is separated, other powers, better than the former, lead it up, being both attendants of the creation and ministers of the restorations to the proper allotments for each. not so
Ὁ τῆς εἰσκρίσεως τῶν ψυχῶν τρόπος, ὣς δὲ καὶ τῆς ἐντεῦθεν τούτων ἀπολύσεως ἢ διαιρέσεως, ἀπορώτατα ἄμφω ἢ δυσδιάλυτα· τῆς
τε γὰρ πρώτης συζυγίας τοῦ κράματος ἡμῶν <οὐδ>εὶς τῶν πάντων διασώζει τὴν μνήμην, ἥ τε λύσις ἑκάστου τῶν ζῴων μέλλουσά ἐστι
καὶ γινομένη. πῶς οὖν ἄν τις ἀποδοίη λόγον ὧν μήτε μέμνηται μήτε πεπείραται; ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ οὐδὲν ἀνάλωτον φιλοσοφίᾳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ
τὰ ἄρρητα ταύτῃ ῥητὰ καὶ ἐκκείμενα τὰ ἀπόρρητα, παρ' αὐτῆς συλληπτέον τῶν ἠπορημένων τὰς ἐπιλύσεις. Καὶ πρῶτόν γε τὴν εἴσκρισιν
μὴ σωματοειδῆ ὑπολάμβανε, μηδὲ οἴου τὴν ψυχὴν φερομένην ἄνωθεν ἐξ ἀνάγκης τῷ σώματι συνδυάζεσθαι, μηδὲ διὰ χρονικῆς τούτῳ
εἰσπνεομένην κινήσεως μηδὲ κάτωθεν ἑλκομένην ἢ ἀναπνεομένην μηδ' ἐξ ἀέρος ἁρπαζομένην, ἀλλὰ μηδὲ ὡς διὰ θυρωμάτων τῆς ῥινὸς
ἢ τοῦ στόματος πόρων ἢ τῶν ἀδήλων εἰσάγουσαν αὑτήν. οὐδὲ ἡ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ περιδίνησις τὰ ὅμοια τοῖς ὁμοίοις συνάγουσα συνωθεῖ
τὴν ψυχὴν εἰς τὰ σώματα, οὐδὲ ῥεῦμα οὐράνιον ἐξ ἀνατολῆς προϊὸν εἰσελαύνει ταύτην ἢ εἰσωθεῖ· οὐ γὰρ ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀποστήματος οὐδὲ
διὰ περιόδου οὐδὲ κατὰ βραχὺ κινουμένη τῷ σώματι συνδυάζεται. ἀλλ' ἵνα σοι παραδείγματι χρήσομαι, ὥσπερ ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος
εἰς τὸ εἶναι πρόοδος ἀθρόα τίς ἐστι καὶ ἄνευ κινήσεως, καὶ ὥσπερ ἐξ ἡλίου ἀνατείλαντος ἐξαπιναίως πάντα πεφώτισται καὶ μάλιστα
ὁ περιέχων ἀήρ, καὶ ὥσπερ αἱ ἡρμοσμέναι χορδαὶ αὐτίκα τῆς ἁρμονίας μετειλήχασιν, καὶ ὥσπερ ὁ νάφθας ἐξάπτεται 99 τῷ πυρὶ τοῦ
μέσου πυρωθέντος ἀέρος, οὕτω δὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα ἀθρόον ὑπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀνάπτεται καὶ καταλάμπεται καὶ πλῆρες τῶν γνωστικῶν ἐκείνης
καὶ γονίμων δυνάμεων γίνεται, οὐ κατὰ βραχὺ διαχεομένης αὐτῆς εἰς τὰ τούτου μέρη, οὐδὲ πρῶτον ἐνιδρυμένης εἰς καρδίαν ἢ εἰς
ἧπαρ ἢ εἰς ἐγκέφαλον, εἶτ' ἐκεῖθεν διαρρεούσης, ἀλλ' ὁμοῦ τὸ σύμπαν διαλαβούσης καὶ ἀθρόον καταλαμψάσης. ὁ δὲ πρὸς τὸ σῶμα
ταύτης δεσμὸς λόγοι ἁρμονικοὶ καὶ εἰδῶν ὑποστάσεις ἀπό τε τῆς ὅλης φύσεως ἀπό τε μερικῆς ἀπό τε τῶν πατρικῶν λόγων καὶ τῶν
ἐμψυχιῶν καὶ τῶν ἐντελεχειῶν, τῆς τε συνοχῆς τοῦ εἴδους καὶ τῆς τοῦ σώματος ἐπιτηδειότητος κρείττοσι κατεσκευασμένων δυνάμεσιν.
ἐνεργοῦσιν δὲ παρὰ τὴν σύνοδον ἀγγέλων ἐπιστασίαι, ὁμοῦ τε κατατάττουσαι τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ φυλάττουσαι. καὶ ὁ μὲν τῆς εἰσκρίσεως
τρόπος οὗτος. Ὁ δέ γε τῆς διαλύσεως· ὁ τὴν φυλακὴν ταύτης ἐμπεπιστευμένος ἄγγελος ἄνωθεν εἰληφὼς τῆς λύσεως τὸ ἐνδόσιμον νοητῷ
φωτὶ ἀρρήτως ἐπιλάμψας αὐτῇ, τοῦ σώματος ἤδη ἀνεπιτηδείου γεγονότος πρὸς τὴν ταύτης ὑποδοχήν, ἀποδιαλυθείσης τῆς συμφωνίας
καὶ τῶν ἁρμονικῶν λόγων ὑποχωρησάντων, ὁμοῦ τε συνήγαγε καὶ τῷ συγγενεῖ φωτὶ ἐφελκύσατο ἀπὸ τῆς ὑλικῆς αὐτὴν συνελὼν ἀοριστίας
καὶ πρὸς τὴν ὑπέρφωτον ἐκροιζήσας αὐγὴν καὶ πλήρη τοῦ θείου πυρὸς ἐργασάμενος· νῦν γάρ σοι οὐ φιλοκρινῶ τὰς διαφορὰς τῶν ψυχῶν,
ἀλλ' ἐξακριβοῦμαί σοι τὴν ἀρίστην. ὥσπερ οὖν ἀθρόα ἡ σύνοδος γίνεται, οὕτω δὴ καὶ ἡ διάζευξις. καὶ εὐπερίγραφον μὲν οὐκ ἂν
θαρρήσας εἴποιμι τὴν ψυχὴν οὐδ' ἀκίνητον παντάπασιν, ἀμερῆ δὲ καὶ ταχὺ ἐξαλλάττουσαν καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἀνόδους ἢ καθόδους μὴ δεομένην
χρονικῆς παρατάσεως. Περὶ ψυχῆσ Ἠρώτησας περὶ τῆς ἀπολυομένης ψυχῆς τοῦ σώματος, εἴτε αὐτίκα πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους κλήρους χωρεῖ
εἴτε τισὶν ὁδηγοῖς χρῆται πρὸς τὴν τούτων ἀποκατάστασιν. περὶ γοῦν τούτου θαρρούντως δὴ ἀποκρίνομαί σοι, ὅτι 100 ὥσπερ δυνάμεις
τινὲς κρείττους ἐκείνης {τοῦ σώματος} τῆς μετὰ σώματος αὐτῇ ζωῆς προΐστανται καὶ συναρμοζομένης πρὸς γένεσιν κηδεμόνες παρὰ
θεοῦ πέμπονται, οὕτω δὴ καὶ διαιρεθεῖσαν ἕτεραι τῶν προτέρων βελτίους ἀνάγουσι, τῆς τε δημιουργίας ὑπηρέτιδες καὶ διάκονοι
τῶν εἰς τὰς οἰκείας ἑκάστῃ λήξεις ἀποκαταστάσεων. οὐχ οὕτω