55

those who in time of temptations revered God well. We place them in beautiful caskets and we raise up houses of their rest, magnificent in their construction, so that we may emulate the honors of those who died well; and not without reward do we show our zeal for them, but we enjoy their protection before God. 10.8.2 For since our prayer is not sufficient to entreat God in a time of necessity or misfortune—for our supplication is not an entreaty, but a reminder of sins, for this reason we flee to fellow servants beloved by the Master, so that they by their own righteous deeds may heal our transgressions. What crime is it then, that in honoring martyrs we ourselves also strive to please God? What is the accusation in fleeing to protectors? Let us examine then your own affairs, if you, the accuser, are pure of the crime. And how could you be, you who do not honor countless dead men, but worship them as gods? 10.9.1 Was it not you who deified Demeter and Kore by your own folly, and built temples for two women and honor them with sacrifices and worship them with all kinds of rites? Are not the chief part of your religion the Eleusinian mysteries, and does not the Attic people and all of Greece flock together, in order to perform a vanity? Is there not there the dark descent and the august meetings of the hierophant with the priestess, he alone with her alone? Are not the lamps extinguished and does not the great and countless crowd believe their salvation to be the things done in the dark by the two? 10.9.2 Are you not the one who worships the Theban Dionysus as a god—for I mention his fatherland, so that you may recognize the man, a man who was a vine-dresser and a wine-lover, a drunken reveller, dragging a crowd behaving indecently in drunkenness, doing those things for which it denounces profligate young men who act licentiously, getting drunk with the old man Silenus and consorting with the frolic-loving Satyrs and being in his life a story of drunkenness? Are you not the one offering sacrifices as to a god to the man Heracles, a powerful man, who obtained a strong and brave body, and you revere him, because he excelled in many things and overcame wild beasts? 10.9.3 And why again do you not revere and stand in awe of Asclepius who wandered about much with a staff and a medicine chest? And you could not deny that you do this. For the temples erected everywhere in the world, I mean the Asclepieia and the Heracleia and the Dionysia, stand as lofty proofs of your vanity; and thus I shall depart innocent of the crime, for I do not worship martyrs nor do I consider them gods; but you have been shown to be liable to the charges, and this while accusing others, just like those who through a bad conscience accuse the innocent first. For you have been shown to be worshipping men as gods. These few things out of many to the gentile. 10.10.1 But the Jews of the new faction, what wonder is it if you dishonor the martyrs, rejecting Christ and separating him from his likeness to the Father in your own words, and shunning as profane the places in which holy bodies have come to rest? But you who do not come to a conception of what is happening, be afraid, being called Christians, yet hating the martyrs along with the Greeks. Do you not know, that Christ the first-martyr was the first to suffer and left his zeal to his servants? 10.10.2 Then after him, Stephen, the champion bearing the name of glory before God; all the succeeding disciples and apostles. And consider through one act of insolence how many you dishonor; John the Baptist, James called the brother of the Lord, Peter, Paul, Thomas—I name these as the foremost of the martyrs, then the countless multitude of those who died for the sake of life. Is it a small thing for you to offend these? Is the danger of this enmity a small thing? 10.10.3 Each of these conquered the devil with his brotherhood of demons, and was enrolled with the angels and is kept as an esteemed athlete for the proclamation of the resurrection, and he will be presented at the appearing of our God and Savior

55

τοὺς ἐν καιρῷ πειρασμῶν καλῶς σεβασθέντας Θεόν. Ἐν θήκαις φιλοκάλοις ἀποτιθέμεθα καὶ οἴκους τῆς ἀναπαύσεως αὐτῶν ἐγείρομεν ταῖς κατασκευαῖς μεγαλοπρεπεῖς, ἵνα ζηλώσωμεν τὰς τῶν καλῶς τελευτησάντων τιμάς· οὐκ ἄμισθον δὲ τὴν εἰς αὐτοὺς σπουδὴν ἐπιδεικνύμεθα, ἀλλὰ τῆς προστασίας αὐτῶν τῆς πρὸς Θεὸν ἀπολαύομεν. 10.8.2 Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἀρκεῖ ἡ ἡμετέρα εὐχὴ δυσωπῆσαι Θεὸν ἐν καιρῷ ἀνάγκης ἢ συμ φορᾶςἡ γὰρ δέησις ἡμῶν οὐ παράκλησίς ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτημάτων ὑπόμνησις, διὰ τοῦτο τοῖς ἀγαπωμένοις παρὰ τοῦ ∆εσπότου ὁμοδούλοις προσφεύγομεν, ἵν' ἐκεῖνοι ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις κατορθώμασι τὰ ἡμέτερα θεραπεύσωσι πλημμελήματα. Ποῖον οὖν ἔγκλημα, ὅτι τιμῶντες μάρτυρας καὶ αὐτοὶ σπουδάζομεν ἀρέσκειν Θεῷ; Τίς κατηγορία προστάταις προσφεύγειν; Ἐξετάσωμεν λοιπὸν καὶ τὰ σά, εἰ τοῦ ἐγκλήματος ὁ κατήγορος καθαρεύεις. Καὶ πῶς, ὅς γε μυρίους τῶν τεθνεώτων ἀνθρώπων οὐ τιμᾷς, ἀλλ' ὡς θεοὺς προσκυνεῖς; 10.9.1 Οὐ σὺ ∆ήμητραν καὶ Κόρην ὑπὸ τῆς ἀνοίας σαυτοῦ ἐθέωσας, ἐδείμω δὲ δύο γυναίους ναοὺς καὶ θυσίαις ταύτας τιμᾷς καὶ παντοίαις προσκυνεῖς θεραπείαις; Οὐ κεφάλαιον τῆς σῆς θρησκείας τὰ ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι μυστήρια, καὶ δῆμος Ἀττικὸς καὶ ἡ Ἑλλὰς πᾶσα συρρεῖ, ἵνα τελέσῃ ματαιότητα; Οὐκ ἐκεῖ τὸ καταβάσιον τὸ σκοτεινὸν καὶ αἱ σεμναὶ τοῦ ἱεροφάντου πρὸς τὴν ἱέρειαν συντυχίαι, μόνου πρὸς μόνην; Οὐχ αἱ λαμπάδες σβέννυνται καὶ ὁ πολὺς καὶ ἀναρίθμητος δῆμος τὴν σωτηρίαν αὐτῶν εἶναι νομίζουσι τὰ ἐν τῷ σκότῳ παρὰ τῶν δύο πραττόμενα; 10.9.2 Οὐ σὺ ὁ τὸν Θηβαῖον ∆ιόνυσον ὡς θεὸν προσκυνῶνλέγω γὰρ τὴν πατρίδα, ἵνα γνωρίσῃς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἄνδρα γεωργὸν ἀμπέλων καὶ φίλοινον, κωμαστὴν πάροινον, δῆμον ἐπισυρόμενον ἀσχημονοῦντα τῇ μέθῃ, ἐκεῖνα ποιοῦντα ἃ τοὺς ἀσώτους νέους στηλιτεύει ἀκολασταίνοντας, μεθύοντα δὲ μετὰ τοῦ γέροντος τοῦ Σιληνοῦ καὶ τοῖς φιλοσκιρτηταῖς Σατύροις συνδιαιτώμενον καὶ ἱστορίαν μέθης ὄντα τῷ βίῳ; Οὐ σὺ ὁ τῷ ἀνδρὶ Ἡρακλεῖ ὡς θεῷ τὰς θυσίας προσάγων, ἀνθρώπῳ ῥωμαλαίῳ, σῶμα λαχόντι δυνατὸν καὶ ἀνδρεῖον, καὶ σέβεις ἐκεῖνον, ἐπειδὴ ἐν πολλοῖς ἠρίστευσεν καὶ θηρίων περιεγένετο; 10.9.3 Τί δὲ πάλιν τὸν Ἀσκληπιὸν τὸν ἐν τῷ νάρθηκι πολλὰ καὶ τῇ σιδηροθήκῃ περινοστήσαντα οὐ σέβεις καὶ τέθηπας; Καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἀρνηθείης ὡς οὐ τοῦτο ποιεῖς. Οἱ γὰρ πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἀνεστῶτες ναοί, τὰ Ἀσκληπιεῖα λέγω καὶ τὰ Ἡράκλεια καὶ τὰ ∆ιονύσια, ἔλεγχοι ἑστᾶσιν ὑψηλοὶ τῆς σῆς ματαιότητος· καὶ οὕτως ἐγὼ μὲν ἀθῷος ἀπελεύσομαι τοῦ ἐγκλήματος, οὐ γὰρ προσκύνω μάρτυρας οὐδὲ νομίζω θέους· σὺ δὲ πέφηνας ἐνεχόμενος τοῖς ἐγκλήμασιν, καὶ ταῦτα κατηγορῶν ἑτέρων, ὥσπερ οἱ διὰ κακὸν συνειδὸς προκατηγοροῦντες τῶν ἀνευθύνων. Ἀνθρώπους γὰρ ὡς θεοὺς προσκυνῶν ἐπιδέ δειξαι. Ταῦτα πρὸς τὸν ἐθνικὸν ἐκ πολλῶν ὀλίγα. 10.10.1 Οἱ δὲ τῆς νέας στάσεως Ἰουδαῖοι, τί θαυμαστὸν εἰ μάρτυρας ἀτιμάζετε Χριστὸν ἀθετοῦντες καὶ τῆς ὁμοιότητος τῆς πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα ἐν τοῖς ἰδίοις λόγοις χωρίζοντες, φυλαττόμενοι δὲ τοὺς τόπους ὡς βεβήλους, ἐν οἷς σώματα ἅγια ἀναπέπαυται; Ἀλλ' οἳ μὴ εἰς ἔννοιαν ἔλθετε τοῦ γινομένου, φοβήθητε χριστιανοὶ λεγόμενοι, μετὰ δὲ Ἑλλήνων μισοῦντες μάρτυρας. Οὐκ ἴστε, ὡς ἀρχιμάρτυς Χριστὸς πρῶτος παθὼν καὶ τοῖς δούλοις τὸν ζῆλον ἀφείς; 10.10.2 Εἶτα μετ' ἐκεῖνον Στέφανος, ὁ φερώνυμος τῆς κατὰ Θεὸν εὐδοξίας ἀγωνιστής· πάντες οἱ ἑξῆς μαθηταὶ καὶ ἀπόστολοι. Καὶ ἐπίσκεψαι διὰ μιᾶς ὕβρεως ὅσους ἀτιμάζεις· Ἰωάννην τὸν βαπτιστήν, Ἰάκωβον τὸν ἀδελφὸν λεγόμενον τοῦ Κυρίου, Πέτρον, Παῦλον, Θωμᾶν τούτους ὡς πρωτοστάτας ὀνομάζω τῶν μαρτύρων, ἔπειτα τὸ ἄπειρον πλῆθος τῶν ἀποθανόντων ὑπὲρ τῆς ζωῆς. Μὴ μικρόν σοι τούτοις προσκρούειν; Μὴ ὀλίγος τῆς ἔχθρας ὁ κίνδυνος; 10.10.3 Τούτων ἕκαστος τὸν διάβολον μετὰ τῆς φρατρίας τῶν δαιμόνων ἐνίκησεν, ἀγγέλοις δὲ ἐνεγράφη καὶ τηρεῖται ὡς εὐδόκιμος ἀθλητὴς τῇ ἀναρρήσει τῆς ἀναστάσεως, παραστήσεται δὲ τῇ ἐπιφανείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν