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having been relieved a little from his duties, while one of the clergy was leisurely reciting the introductory six psalms of orthros, a rule was laid down for the aforementioned one that was the best possible, so that a great multitude was likely to be benefited, not only the chanters, but also those listening to the hymns, whether he was one of the chamberlains, or one of the arms-bearers and bodyguards of the emperor, or otherwise served in the palace, or another came from elsewhere; 61 for the imperial mercy poured out inexhaustibly upon all equally, but especially upon soldiers and those for whom learning was their pursuit. For there was no day, no night, no time of sorrow, no hour of joy, no rising sun, no setting one, when anyone could see or hear of the sovereign without some benefaction, whether he was receiving it himself, or others were receiving the same. Being such a man, he seemed burdensome to those in authority, because, not according to noble birth and imperial connection, but selecting the leaders of affairs based on merit, he honored them with fitting dignities; but for those who happened to be his relatives and of his own blood, he judged that fact to be sufficient and enough for a claim to honor. And this was, if one were to examine it, the action of a ruler who promoted virtue and exhorted his subjects to win good repute; for not for the sake of indolence, but for excellence and of being well led by him and leading others, he judged that the imperial favors should be distributed. And there was this fear, that he was ready to punish the one who acted otherwise than he ought and to benefit the one who did right; for the mistake of a great man is not small, nor indeed, conversely, his success, but the former resembles the effect of an excision, as by the removal of a limb, which has great importance in nature, all things are dragged along and turned aside, while success is like the center of a circle, which imparts very great security to the circumference, if it remains in its place. For how was he not going to administer the empire fittingly, who under such a father, not even having the name of emperor, being his only son, was nevertheless taught beforehand how to lead safely?

14. How Laskaris was educated by his father John, while being raised to the imperial office. Who, since he once went out to a hunt wearing gold, he was returning from there, and happened to meet his father, and indeed when he did obeisance, his father pretended not to see or pay attention and ignored him as he approached; which, as it happened, seemed a sign of his father's anger toward him, which was indeed true. Wherefore being distressed and thinking and seeking what he had done wrong, he approached his father in private not very confidently. And he, seeing him 63 immediately and being greatly vexed with him, as it were, reproached the unsuitability of his attire and said: "Conscious of what good have you done for the Romans, that you spill their blood in pastimes that have nothing of necessity in them; for do you not know," he says, "that these gold-embroidered and silk garments are the blood of the Romans, which ought to be used on their behalf, since they are theirs? And do you seek to learn on their behalf when? When, of course, with ambassadors from a foreign land present, we might show their wealth by wearing splendid clothes; for the wealth of emperors is reckoned the wealth of their subjects; for which reason to yield to slavery to others is for them in this state utterly sworn against. Using these things in vain, do you not reckon how great is the offense?" Thus and in such matters was he who was to be raised to the imperial office educated.

15. How the protovestiarios Mouzalon became guardian of the young emperor John. But when he had died, since the protovestiarios Mouzalon was also proclaimed to have the guardianship of the under-age emperor by his father and emperor, who had assumed the monastic habit, for that young sovereign John, who was not able on account of his age to provide for his own safety, there was a need of foresight in every way lest he suffer anything unexpectedly, since there were many who were plotting, who, if even a little thing were stirred up, would immediately be eager to do the greatest things. Therefore, they brought him and installed him in the fortress by the Hermus of Magnesia, with numerous observers on imperial

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πραγμάτων μικρὸν ἀνεθέντα, ἑνὸς τῶν τοῦ κλήρου σχολαιότερον τὸν προκαταρκτικὸν τοῦ ὄρθρου μονολογοῦντος ἑξάψαλμον, κανόνα πλακῆναι τῷ μνημονευομένῳ ἐς ὅτι μάλιστα ἄριστον, ὥστε καὶ παμπληθὲς ἐκινδύνευεν εὐεργετεῖσθαι μὴ ὅτι τοὺς ψάλλοντας, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοὺς τοὺς τῶν ὕμνων ἀκροωμένους, κἂν τῶν προκοιτούντων ἦν τις, κἂν τῶν ὁπλοφόρων καὶ σωματοφυλακούντων τῷ βασιλεῖ, κἂν ἄλλως ὑπηρετοίη τοῖς βασιλείοις, κἂν ἄλλος ἄλλοθεν 61 ἐπελθών· πᾶσι γὰρ ἐξ ἴσου τὸ βασιλικὸν ἀνεξαντλήτως ἐπέχεεν ἔλεος, στρατιώταις δὲ μᾶλλον καὶ οἷς ὁ λόγος τὸ σπουδαζόμενον ἦν. Οὐ γὰρ ἦν ἡμέρα, οὐ νύξ, οὐ καιρὸς δυσθυμίας, οὐχ ὥρα χαρᾶς, οὐκ ἀνατέλλων ἥλιος, οὐ δυόμενος, ὅτε τις εὐεργεσίας δίχα τὸν ἄνακτα, ἢ εὖ ἐκεῖνος πάσχων, ἢ ἄλλων τὰ ἶσα πασχόντων, ὁρᾶν ἢ καὶ ἀκούειν εἶχε. Τοιοῦτος δ' ὤν, βαρὺς ἔδοξε τοῖς ἐν τέλει, ὅτι, οὐ κατ' εὐγένειαν καὶ κῆδος βασιλικόν, ἀλλ' ἀριστίνδην τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων ἐκλεγόμενος, τοῖς προσήκουσιν ἐσέμνυνεν ἀξιώμασιν· οἷς δὲ συνέβαινε προσγενέσιν εἶναι καί οἱ πρὸς αἵματος, ἀρκεῖν ἔκρινε τὸ τοιοῦτον καὶ ἱκανὸν εἰς λόγον σεμνώ ματος. Τὸ δ' ἦν, εἰ σκοποίη τις, ἀρετὴν ὀφέλλοντος ἄρχοντος καὶ παρακα λοῦντος πρὸς εὐδοκίμησιν τὸ ὑπήκοον· οὐ γὰρ βλακείας χάριν, ἀλλ' ἀριστείας καὶ τοῦ καλῶς ἄγεσθαί τε πρὸς ἐκείνου καὶ ἄγειν ἄλλους, τὰς βασιλικὰς φιλοτησίας ἔκρινε διανέμεσθαι. Καὶ τὸ φοβερὸν προσῆν, ὡς ἑτοίμως καὶ τὸν ἄλλως ἢ ὡς ἔδει ποιοῦντα κολάζεσθαι καὶ τὸν κατορθοῦντα εὐεργετεῖσθαι· οὐ γὰρ μικρὸν τὸ τοῦ μεγιστᾶνος σφάλμα ἢ μὴν ἔμπαλιν τὸ κατόρθωμα, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο μὲν ἐκτομίου πάθει προσέοικεν, ὡς τῇ τοῦ μορίου ἀφαιρέσει, μέγαν ἔχοντος λόγον τῇ φύσει, πάντα συμπαρασπᾶσθαι καὶ παρατρέπεσθαι, τὸ δὲ κατόρθωμα τῷ τοῦ κύκλου κέντρῳ, παμπόλλην ἀσφάλειαν τῇ περιφερείᾳ προσνέμοντι, εἰ κατὰ χώραν ἐκεῖνο μένοι. Καὶ πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἔμελλε τὴν ἀρχὴν διοικεῖν κατὰ τὸ προσῆκον ὅστις ὑπὸ τοιῷδε πατρί, μηδ' ὄνομα βασιλείας ἔχων, ὢν ἐξ ἐκείνου καὶ μόνος, ὅμως ἁγηλατεῖν ἀσφαλῶς προὐδιδάσκετο;

ιδʹ. Ὅπως ἐπαιδεύετο ὁ Λάσκαρις παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς Ἰωάννου, εἰς βασιλείαν ἀναγόμενος. Ὃς ἐπεί ποτε καὶ χρυσοφορῶν ἐξῄει εἰς κυνηγέσιον, ὑπέστρεφε μὲν ἐκεῖνος ἐκεῖθεν, συνήντα δὲ κατὰ τὸ προστυχὸν τῷ πατρί, καὶ δὴ προσκυ νήσαντί οἱ μὴ βλέπειν ἐκεῖνος μηδὲ προσέχειν προσεποιεῖτο καὶ προσιόντος ἠμέλει· ὃ δὴ καὶ συμβαῖνον ὀργῆς πρὸς αὐτὸν πατρόθεν σημεῖον, ὅπερ καὶ ἀληθὲς ἦν, ἔδοξεν. Ὅθεν ἀλύων καὶ ὅ τι ἁμάρτοι διανοούμενος καὶ ζητῶν, πρόσεισιν οὐ μάλα θαρρούντως τῷ πατρὶ κατ' ἰδίαν. Ὁ δ' ἰδὼν 63 εὐθέως καὶ ἀλαστήσας πρὸς ἐκεῖνον οἷον, τὴν τῆς ἀμπεχόνης ἀκαιρίαν ὠνείδιζε καί· «Τί καλὸν συνειδὼς ἑαυτῷ δράσας Ῥωμαίους, ἔφη, τὰ ἐκείνων ἐκχέεις ἐν διατριβαῖς μηδὲν τὸ ἀναγκαῖον ἐχούσαις αἵματα· ἦ γὰρ οὐκ οἶδας, φησίν, αἵματα εἶναι Ῥωμαίων τὰ χρυσόσημα ταῦτα καὶ σηρικά, οἷς ὑπὲρ ἐκείνων ἔδει χρῆσθαι, ἐκείνων γε οὖσι; Ζητεῖς δὲ μαθεῖν καὶ ὑπὲρ ἐκείνων πότε; Ὅτε δηλαδὴ ἐπιστᾶσι πρέσβεσιν ἐξ ἀλλοδαπῆς τὸν ἐκείνων πλοῦτον λαμπρειμονοῦντες δηλοῦν ἔχοιμεν· ὁ γὰρ βασιλέων πλοῦτος πλοῦτος τῶν ὑπηκόων λογίζεται· παρ' ἣν αἰτίαν καὶ τὸ εἰς δουλείαν καθυ πείκειν ἑτέροις σφίσιν οὕτως ἔχουσι καὶ λίαν ἀπώμοτον· οἷς σὺ διακενῆς χρώμενος, οὐ λογίζῃ τὸ πλημμελὲς ὁπόσον;» Οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τοιούτοις ὁ εἰς βασιλείαν ἀναχθησόμενος ἐπαιδεύετο.

ιεʹ. Ὅπως ὁ πρωτοβεστιάριος Μουζάλων τοῦ μειρακίσκου βασιλέως Ἰωάννου ἐπετρόπευεν. Τότε δὲ θανόντος ἐκείνου, ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ πρωτοβεστιάριος Μουζάλων τὴν ἐπιτροπὴν τοῦ ἀφήλικος βασιλέως ἔχειν ἠγγέλλετο παρὰ τοῦ πατρός τε καὶ βασιλέως, τὸν μοναχὸν ὑπελθόντος, τῷ μὲν μειρακίσκῳ ἐκείνῳ ἄνακτι Ἰωάννῃ, οὐχ οἵῳ τ' ὄντι διὰ τὴν ἡλικίαν τὸ ἀσφαλὲς περιποιεῖν ἑαυτῷ, προνοίας ἔδει πάντως τοῦ μή τι παθεῖν ἀπροόπτως, πολλῶν ὄντων τῶν ἐπιβουλευόντων, κἄν τι μικρὸν κινηθείη, εὐθὺς δρασειόντων τὰ μέγιστα. ∆ιὸ καὶ τῷ κατὰ τὸν Ἕρμον τῆς Μαγνησίας φρουρίῳ ἐκεῖνον φέροντες ἐγκατέστησαν, συχνοὺς τοὺς ὀπτῆρας ἐπὶ βασιλικαῖς