Homily LV.

Matt. XVI. 24.

“Then said Jesus unto His disciples, If any man will come after me, let him renounce himself,2127   [R.V., “If any man would come after me, let him deny himself,” etc. The Oxford translator substitutes “renounce” to bring out the distinction between ἀπαρνεσθαι and ἀρνεσθαι, which is pointed out in the Homily, sec. 2.—R.]and take up his cross and follow me.”

Then; when? When Peter said, “Be it far from Thee, this shall not be unto Thee;” and was told, “Get thee behind me, Satan.”2128   Matt. xvi. 22, 23. For He was by no means satisfied with the mere rebuke, but, willing also more abundantly to show both the extravagance of what Peter had said, and the benefit of His passion, He saith, “Thy word to me is, “Be it far from Thee, this shall not be unto Thee:” but my word to thee is, “Not only is it hurtful to thee, and destructive, to hinder me and to be displeased at my Passion, but it will be impossible for thee even to be saved, unless thou thyself too be continually prepared for death.”

Thus, lest they should think His suffering unworthy of Him, not by the former things only, but also by the events that were coming on, He teaches them the gain thereof. Thus in John first, He saith, “Except the corn of wheat fall into the ground and die, it abideth alone; but if it die, it bringeth forth much fruit;”2129   John xii. 24.but here more abundantly working it out, not concerning Himself only doth He bring forward the statement that it is meet to die, but concerning them also. “For so great is the profit thereof, that in your case also unwillingness to die is grievous, but to be ready for it, good.”

This however He makes clear by what follows, but for the present He works it out on one side only. And see how He also makes His discourse unexceptionable: not saying at all, “whether you will, or no, you must suffer this,” but how? “If any man will come after me.” “I force not, I compel not, but each one I make lord of his own choice; wherefore also I say, ‘If any man will.’ For to good things do I call you, not to things evil, or burdensome; not to punishment and vengeance, that I should have to compel. Nay, the nature of the thing is alone sufficient to attract you.”

Now, thus saying, He drew them unto Him the more. For he indeed that uses compulsion oftens turns men away, but he that leaves the hearer to choose attracts him more. For soothing is a mightier thing than force. Wherefore even He Himself said, “If any man will.” “For great,” saith He, “are the good things which I give you, and such as for men even to run to them of their own accord. For neither if one were giving gold, and offering a treasure, would he invite with force. And if that invitation be without compulsion, much more this, to the good things in the Heavens. Since if the nature of the thing persuade thee not to run, thou art not worthy to receive it at all, nor if thou shouldest receive it, wilt thou well know what thou hast received.”

Wherefore Christ compels not, but urges, sparing us. For since they seemed to be murmuring much, being secretly disturbed at the saying, He saith, “No need of disturbance or of trouble. If ye do not account what I have mentioned to be a cause of innumerable blessings, even when befalling yourselves, I use no force, nor do I compel, but if any be willing to follow, him I call.”

“For do not by any means imagine that this is your following of me; I mean, what ye now do attending upon me. Ye have need of many toils, many dangers, if ye are to come after me. For thou oughtest not, O Peter, because thou hast confessed me Son of God, therefore only to expect crowns, and to suppose this enough for thy salvation, and for the future to enjoy security, as having done all. For although it be in my power, as Son of God, to hinder thee from having any trial at all of those hardships; yet such is not my will, for thy sake, that thou mayest thyself too contribute something, and be more approved.”

For so, if one were a judge at the games, and had a friend in the lists, he would not wish to crown him by favor only, but also for his own toils; and for this reason especially, because he loves him. Even so Christ also; whom He most loves, those He most of all will have to approve themselves by their own means also, and not from His help alone.

But see how at the same time He makes His saying not a grievous one. For He doth by no means compass them only with His terror, but He also puts forth the doctrine generally to the world, saying, “If any one will,” be it woman or man, ruler or subject, let him come this way.

2. And though he seem to have spoken but one single thing, yet His sayings are three, “Let him renounce himself,” and “Let him bear his cross,” and “Let him follow me;” and two of them are joined together, but the one is put by itself.

But let us see first what it can be to deny one’s self. Let us learn first what it is to deny another, and then we shall know what it may be to deny one’s self. What then is it to deny another? He that is denying another,—for example, either brother, or servant, or whom you will,—should he see him either beaten, or bound, or led to execution, or whatever he may suffer, stands not by him, doth not help him, is not moved, feels nothing for him, as being once for all alienated from him. Thus then He will have us disregard our own body, so that whether men scourge, or banish, or burn, or whatever they do, we may not spare it. For this is to spare it. Since fathers too then spare their offspring, when committing them to teachers, they command not to spare them.

So also Christ; He said not, “Let him not spare himself,” but very strictly, “Let him renounce himself;” that is, let him have nothing to do with himself, but give himself up to all dangers and conflicts; and let him so feel, as though another were suffering it all.

And He said not, “Let him deny,”2130   ἀρνησσθω.but “Let him renounce;”2131   ἀπαρνησσθω. [Comp. note, p. 338.]even by this small addition intimating again, how very far it goes. For this latter is more than the former.

“And let him take up his cross.” This arises out of the other. For to hinder thy supposing that words, and insults, and reproaches are to be the limits of our self-renunciation, He saith also how far one ought to renounce one’s self; that is, unto death, and that a reproachful death. Therefore He said not, “Let him renounce himself unto death,” but, “Let him take up his cross;” setting forth the reproachful death; and that not once, nor twice, but throughout all life one ought so to do. “Yea,” saith He, “bear about this death continually, and day by day be ready for slaughter. For since many have indeed contemned riches, and pleasure, and glory, but death they despised not, but feared dangers; I,” saith He, “will that my champion should wrestle even unto blood, and that the limits of his course should reach unto slaughter; so that although one must undergo death, death with reproach, the accursed death, and that upon evil surmise, we are to bear all things nobly, and rather to rejoice in being suspected.”

“And let him follow me.” That is, it being possible for one to suffer, yet not to follow Him, when one doth not suffer for Him (for so robbers often suffer grievously, and violaters of tombs, and sorcerers); to hinder thy supposing that the mere nature of thy calamities is sufficient, He adds the occasion of these calamities.

And what is it? In order that, so doing and suffering, thou mayest follow Him; that for Him thou mayest undergo all things; that thou mayest possess the other virtues also. For this too is expressed by “Let him follow me;” so as to show forth not fortitude only, such as is exercised in our calamities, but temperance also, and moderation, and all self-restraint. This being properly “to follow,” the giving heed also to the other virtues, and for His sake suffering all.

For there are who follow the devil even to the endurance of all this, and for his sake give up their own lives; but we for Christ, or rather for our own sakes: they indeed to harm themselves both here and there; but we, that we may gain both lives.

How then is it not extreme dullness, not to show forth even the same fortitude with them that perish; and this, when we are to reap from it so many crowns? Yet with us surely Christ Himself is present to be our help, but with them no one.

Now He had indeed already spoken this very injunction, when He sent them, saying, “Go not into the way of the Gentiles” (for, saith He, “I send you as sheep in the midst of wolves,” and, “ye shall be brought before kings and governors”)2132   Matt. x. 5, 16, 18.but now with more intensity and severity. For then He spake of death only, but here He hath mentioned a cross also, and a continual cross. For “let him take up,” saith He, “his cross;” that is, “let him carry it continually and bear it.” And this He is wont to do in everything; not in the first instance, nor from the beginning, but quietly and gradually, bringing in the greater commandments, that the hearers may not count it strange.

3. Then, because the saying seemed to be vehement, see how He softens it by what follows, and sets down rewards surpassing our toils; and not rewards only, but also the penalties of vice: nay, on these last He dwells more than on those, since not so much His bestowing blessings, as His threat of severities, is wont to bring ordinary men to their senses. See at least how He both begins here from this, and ends in this.

“For whosoever will save his life shall lose it,” saith He, “but whosoever shall lose his life for my sake, shall find it. For what is a man profited,2133   [R.V., “shall a man be profited;” so the Homily here, against rec. text.—R.]if he should gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? Or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul ?”2134   Matt. xvi. 25. 26. [Chrysostom inserts ὑπρ, and takes ψυχ in ver. 26as “soul,” but in his comment in ver. 25recognizes the obvious contrast between lower and higher life.—R.]

Now what He saith is like this: “not as unsparing towards you, but rather as exceedingly sparing you, I enjoin these things. For he who spares his child, ruins it; but he who spares it not, preserves.” To which effect also a certain wise man said, “If thou beat thy son with a rod, he shall not die, but thou shalt deliver his soul from death.”2135   Prov. xxiii. 13, 14. And again, “He that refresheth his son, shall bind up his wounds.”2136   Ecclus. xxx. 7.

This takes place in the camp also. For if the general, sparing the soldiers, commands them to remain within the place always, he will destroy with them the inhabitants too.

“In order then that this may not happen in your case also,” saith He, “ye must be arrayed against continual death. For now too a grievous war is about to be kindled. Sit not therefore within, but go forth and fight; and shouldest thou fall in thy post, then hast thou obtained life.” For if in the visible wars he that in his post meets slaughter, is both more distinguished than the rest, and more invincible, and more formidable to the enemy; although we know that after death the king, in behalf of whom he takes his station, is not able to raise him up again: much more in these wars, when there are such hopes of resurrection besides, will he who exposes his own life unto death, find it; in one sense, because he will not be quickly taken; in a second, because even though he fall, God2137   [The word “God” is supplied by the translator, but this is not necessarily the sense; the subject may be the man himself.—R.]will lead his life on to a higher life.

4. Then, because he had said, “He who will save shall lose it, but whosoever shall lose shall save it,” and on that side had set salvation and destruction, and on this salva tion and destruction; to prevent any one’s imagining the one destruction and salvation to be all the same with the other, and to teach thee plainly that the difference between this salvation and that is as great as between destruction and salvation; from the contraries also He makes an inference once for all to establish these points. “For what is a man profited,”2138   [Here the citation agrees with the rec. text.—R.]saith He, “if he gain the whole world, and lose his own soul ?”

Seest thou how the wrongful preservation of it is destruction, and worse than all destruction, as being even past remedy, from the want of anything more to redeem it? For “tell me not this,” saith He, “that he that hath escaped such dangers hath saved his life; but together with his life put also the whole world, yet what profit hath he thereby, if the soul perish?”

For tell me, shouldest thou see thy servants in luxury, and thyself in extreme calamity, wilt thou indeed profit aught by being master? By no means. Make this reckoning then with regard to thy soul also, when the flesh is in luxury and wealth, and she awaiting the destruction to come.

“What shall a man give in exchange for his soul ?”2139   [Here ὑπρ does not occur, the text agreeing with the received.—R.]

Again, He dwells upon the same point. What? hast thou another soul to give for this soul? saith He. Why, shouldest thou lose money, thou wilt be able to give money; or be it house, or slaves, or any other kind of possession, but for thy soul, if thou lose it, thou wilt have no other soul to give: yea, though thou hadst the world, though thou wast king of the whole earth, thou wouldest not be able, by paying down all earthly goods, with the earth itself, to redeem but one soul.

And what marvel, if it be so with the soul? Since even in the body one may see that so it turns out. Though thou wear ten thousand diadems, but have a body sickly by nature, and incurable, thou wilt not be able, not by giving all thy kingdom, to recover this body, not though thou add innumerable persons, and cities, and goods.

Now thus I bid thee reason with regard to thy soul also; or rather even much more with regard to the soul; and do thou, forsaking all besides, spend all thy care upon it. Do not then while taking thought about the things of others, neglect thyself and thine own things; which now all men do, resembling them that work in the mines. For neither do these receive any profit from this labor, nor from the wealth; but rather great harm, both because they incur fruitless peril, and incur it for other men, reaping no benefit from such their toils and deaths. These even now are objects of imitation to many, who are digging up wealth for others; or rather we are more wretched even than this, inasmuch as hell itself awaits us after these our labors. For they indeed are staid from those toils by death, but to us death proves a beginning of innumerable evils.

But if thou say, thou hast in thy wealth the fruit of thy toils: show me thy soul gladdened, and then I am persuaded. For of all things in us the soul is chief. And if the body be fattened, while she is pining away, this prosperity is nothing to thee (even as when the handmaiden is glad, the happiness of the maidservant is nothing to her mistress perishing, nor is the fair robe anything compared with the weak flesh); but Christ will say unto thee again, “What shall a man give in exchange for his soul ?” on every hand commanding thee to be busied about that, and to take account of it only.

5. Having alarmed them therefore hereby, He comforts them also by His good things.

“For the Son of Man shall come,” saith He, “in the glory of His Father with His holy angels, and then He shall reward every man according to his works.”2140   Matt. xvi. 37. [Some mss. of the Homily omit ἁγων, and read τν πρξιν for τ ργα (see note 1, p. 342). So R.V.—R.]

Seest thou how the glory of the Father and of the Son is all one? But if the glory be one, it is quite evident that the substance also is one. For if in one substance there be a difference of glory (“for there is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for one star differeth from another star in glory;”2141   1 Cor. xv. 41.although the substance be one), how may the substance of those differ, whereof the glory is one? For He said not at all, “In glory such as the Father’s,” whereby thou mightest suppose again some variation; but implying entire perfection, “In that same glory,” saith He, “will He come;” for it to be deemed one and the same.

“Now, why fear, O Peter” (so He speaks), “on being told of death? Why, then shalt thou see me in the glory of the Father. And if I am in glory, so are ye; your interests are no wise limited to the present life, but another sort of portion will take you up, a better one.” Nevertheless, when He had spoken of the good things, He stayed not at this, but mingled the fearful things also, bringing forward that judgment-seat, and the inexorable account, and the inflexible sentence, and the judgment that cannot be deceived.

He suffered not however His discourse to appear only dismal, but tempered it also with good hopes. For neither did He say, “then shall He punish them that sinned,” but, “He shall reward every man according to his doings.”2142   [τν πρξιν, the reading accepted in R.V.—R.] And this He said, reminding not only the sinners of punishment, but also them that have done well of prizes and crowns.

6. And He indeed spake it, in part to refresh the good, but I ever shudder at hearing it, for I am not of them that are crowned, and I suppose that others also share with us in our fear and anxiety. For whom is this saying not enough to startle, when he hath entered into his own conscience; and to make him shudder, and convince him that we have need of sackcloth, and of prolonged fasting, more than the people of the Ninevites? For not for an overthrow of a city, and the common end, are we concerned, but for eternal punishment, and the fire that is never quenched.

Wherefore also I praise and admire the monks that have occupied the desert places, as for the rest, so for this saying. For they after having made their dinners, or rather after supper (for dinner they know not at any time, because they know that the present time is one of mourning and fasting); after supper then, in saying certain hymns of thanksgiving unto God, they make mention of this expression also. And if ye would hear the very hymns themselves, that ye too may say them continually, I will rehearse to you the whole of that sacred song. The words of it then stand as follows: “Blessed God, who feedest me from my youth up, who givest food to all flesh; fill our hearts with joy and gladness, that always having all sufficiency we may abound unto every good work in Christ Jesus our Lord; with whom be unto Thee glory, honor and might, with the Holy Spirit, forever. Amen. Glory to Thee, O Lord, glory to Thee, O Holy One, glory to Thee, O King, that Thou hast given us meat to make us glad. Fill us with the Holy Ghost, that we may be found well-pleasing before Thee, not being ashamed, when Thou renderest to every man according to his works.”

Now this hymn is in all parts worthy of admiration, but especially the above ending of it. That is, because meals and food are wont to dissipate and weigh down, they put this saying as a kind of bridle upon the soul, at the time of indulgence reminding it of the time of judgment. For they have learnt what befell Israel through a costly table. “For my beloved,” saith He, “ate, and waxed fat, and kicked.”2143   Deut. xxxii. 15 [LXX.] Wherefore also Moses said, “When thou shalt have eaten and drunk and art full, remember the Lord thy God.”2144   Deut. vi. 11, 12.

For after that feast, then they ventured on those acts of lawless daring.

Do thou therefore also look to it, lest something like it befall thee. For though thou sacrifice not to stone nor to gold, either sheep or bullocks, see lest to wrath thou sacrifice thine own soul, lest to whoredom or other like passions, thou sacrifice thine own salvation. Yea—on this account, you see, they being afraid of these downfalls, when they have enjoyed their meal, or rather fasting (for their meal is in fact fasting), remind themselves of the terrible judgment-seat, and of that day. And if they who correct themselves both with fasting, and with nights spent on the ground, with watchings, and with sackcloth, and with ten thousand means, do yet require also this reminding, when will it be possible for us to live virtuously; who set forth tables loaded with innumerable wrecks, and do not so much as pray at all, neither in the beginning nor the end ?

7. Wherefore to put an end to these shipwrecks, let us bring before us that hymn and unfold it all, that seeing the profit thereof, we too may chant it constantly over our table, and quell the rude motions of the belly, introducing both the manners and laws of those angels into our houses. For you ought indeed to go there and reap these fruits; but since ye are not willing, at least through our words, hear this spiritual melody, and let every one after his meal say these words, beginning thus.

“Blessed God.” For the apostolic law they straightway fulfill, that commands, “Whatsoever we do in word or in deed, that we do it in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, giving thanks to God and the Father by Him.”2145   Colos. iii. 17.

Next, the thanksgiving takes place not for that one day only, but for all their life. For, “Who feedest me,” it is said, “from my youth up.” And a lesson of self-command is drawn thence, that when God feeds, we must not take thought. For if upon a king’s promising thee to furnish thy daily food out of his own stores, thou wouldest be of good hope for the future; much more, when God gives, and all things pour upon thee as out of fountains, shouldest thou be freed from all anxiety. Yea, and to this very intent they so speak, that they may persuade both themselves, and those that are made disciples by them, to put off all worldly care.

Then, not to have thee suppose that for themselves only they offer up this thanksgiving, they further say, “Who givest food to all flesh,” giving thanks in behalf of all the world; and as fathers of the whole earth, so do they offer up their praises for all, and train themselves to a sincere brotherly love. For it is not even possible they should hate them, in behalf of whom they thank God, that they are fed.

Seest thou both charity introduced by their thanksgiving, and worldly care cast out, both by the preceding words, and by these? For if He feed all flesh, much more them that are devoted to him; if them that are entangled in worldly cares, much more them that are freed from the same.

To establish this, Christ Himself said, “How many sparrows do ye exceed in value?”2146   Luke xii. 7. [Very freely cited.] And He said it, teaching them not to put their confidence in wealth and land and seeds; for it is not these that feed us, but the word of God.2147   Deut. viii. 3; Matt. iv. 4.

Hereby they stop the mouths, both of the Manichæans, and of them of Valentinus, and of all that are diseased in their way. For sure this Being is not evil, who sets his own stores before all, even before them that blaspheme Him.

Then comes the petition: “Fill our hearts with joy and gladness.” With what manner of joy then, doth it mean? the joy of this world? God forbid: for had they meant this, they would not have occupied summits of mountains, and deserts, nor wrapt themselves in sackcloth; but that joy they mean, which hath nothing in common with this present life, the joy of angels, the joy above.

And they do not simply ask for it, but in great excess; for they say not, “give,” but, “fill,” and they say not “us,” but “our hearts.” For this is especially a heart’s joy; “For the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace.”2148   Gal. v. 22.

Thus, because sin brought in sorrow, they request that through joy righteousness may be implanted in them, for no otherwise might joy be engendered.

“That, always having all sufficiency, we may abound unto every good work.”2149   2 Cor. ix. 8. See how they fulfill that word of the gospel which saith, “Give us this day our daily bread,” and how they seek even this for spiritual ends. For their phrase is, “That we may abound unto every good work.” They said not, “That we may do our duty only,” but “even more than what is enjoined,” for, “that we may abound,” means this. And while of God they seek sufficiency in things needful, themselves are willing to obey not in sufficiency only, but with much abundance, and in all things. This is the part of well-disposed servants, this of men strict in goodness, to abound always, and in all things.

Then again reminding themselves of their own weakness, and that without the influence from above nothing noble can be done; having said, “that we may abound unto every good work,” they add, “in Christ Jesus our Lord, with whom unto Thee be glory, honor, and might forever. Amen;” framing this end like their commencement by a thread of thanksgiving.

8. After this again, they seem to begin afresh, but they are keeping to the same argument. As Paul also in the beginning of an epistle, having closed with a doxology, where he says, “According to the will of our God and Father, to whom be glory forever. Amen;”2150   Gal. i. 4, 5.begins the subject again on which he was writing. And again in another place when he had said, “They worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed forever: Amen;”2151   Rom. i. 25.he completed not his discourse, but begins again.

Therefore neither let us blame these our angels, as acting disorderly, for that having closed with a doxology they begin again the sacred hymns. For they follow apostolical laws, beginning from a doxology, and ending therein, and after that end making a commencement again.

Wherefore they say, “Glory be to Thee, O Lord; glory be to Thee, O Holy One; glory be to Thee, O King; that Thou hast given us food to make us glad.”

Since not for the greater things only, but also for the lesser, we ought to give thanks. And they do give thanks for these also, putting to shame the heresy of the Manichæans, and of as many as affirm our present life to be evil. For lest for their high self-command, and contempt of the belly, thou shouldest suspect them as abhorring the meat, like the heretics aforesaid, who choke themselves2152   ἀπαγχονιζντων, a strong figurative expression, as it seems, for the unhallowed self-tormenting of the Manichæans. In Hom. XLII., the word is applied to Saul, “choking with envy” towards David.to death; they by their prayer teach thee, that not from abhorrence of God’s creatures they abstain from most of them, but as exercising self-restraint.

And see how after thanksgiving for His past gifts, they are importunate also for the greater things, and dwell not upon the mat ters of this life, but mount above the heavens, and say, “Fill us with the Holy Ghost.” For it is not even possible to approve one’s self as one ought, not being filled with that grace; as there is no doing anything noble or great, without the benefit of Christ’s influences.

As therefore when they had said, “That we may abound unto every good work,” they added, “In Christ Jesus;” so here also they say, “Fill us with the Holy Ghost, that we may be found to have been well-pleasing before Thee.”2153   [In some mss. the two paragraphs which follow are omitted, “and not be ashamed” being joined with this clause.—R.]

Seest thou how for the things of this life they pray not, but give thanks only; but for the things of the Spirit, they both give thanks and pray. For, “seek ye,” saith He, “the kingdom of heaven, and all these things shall be added unto you.”2154   Matt. vi. 33. [Here, also, the peculiar reading “Kingdom of Heaven” occurs. Comp. Homily XXII. 4.—R.]

And mark too another kind of severe goodness in them; their saying, namely, “That we may be found to have been well-pleasing in Thy sight, not being ashamed.” For “we care not,” say they, “for the shame that proceeds from the many, but whatever men may say of us, laughing, upbraiding, we do not so much as regard it; but our whole endeavor is not to be put to shame then.” But in these expressions, they bring in also the river of fire, and the prizes, and the rewards.

They said not, “that we be not punished,” but, “that we be not ashamed.”2155   [See above, note 1.—R.] For this is to us far more fearful than hell, to seem to have offended our Lord.

But since the more part and the grosser sort are not in fear of this, they add, “When Thou renderest to every man according to his works.” Seest thou how greatly these strangers and pilgrims have benefitted us, these citizens of the wilderness, or rather citizens of the Heavens? For whereas we are strangers to the Heavens, but citizens of the earth, these are just the contrary.

And after this hymn, being filled with much compunction, and with many and fervent tears, so they proceed to sleep, snatching just so much of it as a little to refresh themselves. And again, the nights they make days, spending them in thanksgivings and in the singing of psalms.

But not men only, but women also practise this self-denial, overcoming the weakness of their nature by the abundance of their zeal.

Let us be abashed then at their earnestness, we who are men, let us cease to be fastened to the things present, to shadow, to dreams, to smoke. For the more part of our life is passed in insensibility.

For both the first period of our life is full of much folly, and that again which travels on to old age, makes all the feeling that is in us wither away, and small is the space between, that is able feelingly to enjoy pleasure; or rather, not even that hath a pure participation thereof, by reason of innumerable cares and toils, that harrass it.

Wherefore, I pray, let us seek the unmovable and eternal goods, and the life that never has old age.

For even one dwelling in a city may imitate the self-denial of the monks; yea, one who has a wife, and is busied in a household, may pray, and fast, and learn compunction. Since they also, who at the first were instructed by the apostles, though they dwelt in cities, yet showed forth the piety of the occupiers of the deserts: and others again who had to rule over workshops, as Priscilla and Aquila.

And the prophets too, all had both wives and households, as Isaiah, as Ezekiel, as the great Moses, and received no hurt therefrom in regard of virtue.

These then let us also imitate, and continually offer thanksgiving to God, continually sing hymns to Him; let us give heed to temperance, and to all other virtues, and the self-denial that is practised in the deserts, let us bring into our cities; that we may appear both well-pleasing before God, and approved before men, and attain unto the good things to come, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom and with whom be unto the Father, glory, honor, and might, together with the holy and life-giving Spirit, now and always and world without end. Amen.2156   The grace here commented on is in its commencement the same with one still used before meat in collegiate bodies: e.g. in Oriel College, Oxford. “Benedicte Deus qui pascis nos in juventute nostra, et præbes cibum omni carni: reple gaudio et lætitia corda nostra, ut nos affatim quod satis est habentes, abundemus ad omne opus bonum: Per Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum: Amen.” The conclusion of St. Chrysostom’s grace seems to be referred to by St. Just Mart. Apol. 1. p. 83 C. and p. 50 E. as quoted by Mr. Field here.

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΝΕʹ. Τότε ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπε τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ: Εἴ τις θέλει ὀπίσω μου ἐλθεῖν, ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν, καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι. αʹ. Τότε: πότε; Ὅτε ὁ Πέτρος εἶπεν, Ἵλεώς σοι, οὐ μὴ ἔσται σοι τοῦτο: καὶ ἤκουσεν, Ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, Σατανᾶ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἠρκέσθη τῇ ἐπιτιμήσει μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκ περιουσίας βουλόμενος δεῖξαι τήν τε τῶν παρὰ τοῦ Πέτρου εἰρημένων ἀτοπίαν, καὶ τὸ κέρδος τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ πάθους, φησί: Σύ μοι λέγεις, Ἵλεώς σοι, οὐ μὴ ἔσται σοι τοῦτο: ἐγὼ δέ σοι λέγω, ὅτι οὐ μόνον τὸ ἐμὲ κωλῦσαι καὶ τῷ ἐμῷ πάθει δυσχεραίνειν, ἐπιβλαβές σοι καὶ ὀλέθριον, ἀλλ' ὅτι οὐδὲ σωθῆναι δυνήσῃ, ἐὰν μὴ καὶ αὐτὸς εἰς τὸ ἀποθανεῖν ᾖς παρεσκευασμένος διαπαντός. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ ἀνάξιον αὐτοῦ τὸ παθεῖν εἶναι νομίσωσιν, οὐ διὰ τῶν προτέρων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τῶν ἐπαγομένων αὐτοὺς παιδεύει τοῦ πράγματος τὸ κέρδος. Ἐν μὲν οὖν τῷ Ἰωάννῃ φησίν: Ἐὰν πεσὼν ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σίτου εἰς τὴν γῆν μὴ ἀποθάνῃ, αὐτὸς μόνος μένει: ἐὰν δὲ ἀποθάνῃ, πολὺν καρπὸν φέρει: ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἐκ περιουσίας αὐτὸ γυμνάζων, οὐκ ἐφ' ἑαυτοῦ προάγει τὸν λόγον μόνον τὸν περὶ τοῦ δεῖν ἀποθνήσκειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπ' ἐκείνων. Τοσοῦτον γὰρ τοῦ πράγματος τούτου τὸ κέρδος, ὅτι καὶ ἐφ' ὑμῶν τὸ μὲν μὴ θέλειν ἀποθανεῖν, δεινόν: τὸ δὲ ἕτοιμον εἶναι πρὸς τοῦτο, ἀγαθόν. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μὲν διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς δηλοῖ, τέως δὲ ἐξ ἑνὸς αὐτὸ γυμνάζει μέρους. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς καὶ ἀκατανάγκαστον ποιεῖ τὸν λόγον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι Κἂν βούλησθε, κἂν μὴ βούλησθε, δεῖ τοῦτο ὑμᾶς παθεῖν: ἀλλὰ πῶς; Εἴ τις θέλει ὀπίσω μου ἐλθεῖν. Οὐ βιάζομαι, οὐκ ἀναγκάζω, ἀλλ' ἕκαστον κύριον τῆς ἑαυτοῦ προαιρέσεως ποιῶ: διὸ καὶ λέγω, Εἴ τις θέλει. Ἐπὶ γὰρ ἀγαθὰ καλῶ, οὐχὶ ἐπὶ κακὰ καὶ ἐπαχθῆ, οὐκ ἐπὶ κόλασιν καὶ τιμωρίαν, ἵνα καὶ ἀναγκάσω. Καὶ γὰρ αὐτὴ τοῦ πράγματος ἡ φύσις ἱκανὴ ἐφελκύσασθαι. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγων ἐπεσπᾶτο μειζόνως. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ βιαζόμενος ἀποτρέπει πολλάκις: ὁ δὲ ἀφεὶς κύριον τὸν ἀκροατὴν εἶναι, μᾶλλον ἐφέλκεται. Βίας γὰρ δυνατώτερον θεραπεία. Διὸ καὶ αὐτὸς ἔλεγεν: Εἴ τις θέλει. Μεγάλα γάρ ἐστι, φησὶν, ἃ δίδωμι ὑμῖν ἀγαθὰ, καὶ τοιαῦτα, ὡς καὶ ἐπιτρέχειν ἑκόντας. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἴ τις χρυσίον παρεῖχε, καὶ θησαυρὸν προετίθει, μετὰ βίας ἐκάλεσεν ἄν. Εἰ δὲ εἰς ἐκεῖνα οὐ μετὰ βίας, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς ἀγαθά. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἡ τοῦ πράγματος φύσις πείθει σε δραμεῖν, οὐδὲ λαβεῖν ἄξιος εἶ, οὐδ' ἂν λάβῃς, εἴσῃ καλῶς τὸ ληφθέν. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἀναγκάζει ὁ Χριστὸς, ἀλλὰ προτρέπει, φειδόμενος ἡμῶν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐδόκουν πολλὰ διαθρυλλεῖν, ἰδίᾳ θορυβούμενοι πρὸς τὸ εἰρημένον, φησίν: Οὐ χρεία θορύβου καὶ ταραχῆς. Εἰ μὴ νομίζετε μυρίων ἀγαθῶν αἴτιον εἶναι τὸ εἰρημένον, καὶ ἐφ' ὑμῶν συμβαῖνον, οὐ βιάζομαι, οὐδὲ ἀναγκάζω, ἀλλ' εἴ τις θέλει ἀκολουθεῖν, τοῦτον καλῶ. Μὴ γὰρ δὴ τοῦτο νομίζετε εἶναι τὴν ἀκολούθησιν, ὃ ποιεῖτε νῦν ἑπόμενοί μοι. Πολλῶν ὑμῖν δεῖ πόνων, πολλῶν κινδύνων, εἰ μέλλοιτε ὀπίσω μου ἰέναι. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ, ὦ Πέτρε, ἐπειδὴ Υἱόν με ὡμολόγησας Θεοῦ, διὰ τοῦτο μόνον προσδοκᾷν ὀφείλεις στεφάνους, καὶ νομίζειν ἀρκεῖν εἰς σωτηρίαν σοι τοῦτο, καὶ ἀδείας λοιπὸν ἀπολαύειν, ὡς τὸ πᾶν ἐργασάμενος. Δύναμαι μὲν γὰρ, ἅτε Υἱὸς ὢν Θεοῦ, μηδὲ ἀφεῖναί σε πεῖραν τῶν δεινῶν λαβεῖν: οὐ βούλομαι δὲ διὰ σὲ, ἵνα καὶ αὐτός τι συνεισενέγκῃς, καὶ δοκιμώτερος γένῃ. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἴ τις ἀγωνοθέτης εἴη, καὶ φίλον ἀθλητὴν ἔχοι, βουληθείη ἂν χάριτι αὐτὸν στεφανῶσαι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκείων πόνων: καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα, ἐπειδὴ αὐτὸν φιλεῖ. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Χριστός: οὓς μάλιστα φιλεῖ, τούτους μάλιστα βούλεται καὶ οἴκοθεν εὐδοκιμεῖν, οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτοῦ βοηθείας μόνης. Ὅρα δὲ πῶς καὶ ἀνεπαχθῆ ποιεῖ τὸν λόγον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἰς αὐτοὺς περιίστησι μόνους τὰ δεινὰ, ἀλλὰ καὶ κοινὸν τὸ δόγμα τῇ οἰκουμένῃ προτίθησι λέγων: Εἴ τις θέλει: κἂν γυνὴ, κἂν ἀνὴρ, κἂν ἄρχων, κἂν ἀρχόμενος, ταύτην ἐρχέσθω τὴν ὁδόν. Καὶ δοκεῖ μὲν ἕν τι εἰρηκέναι, τρία δέ ἐστι τὰ λεγόμενα: τὸ, Ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν, καὶ τὸ, Ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὸ, Ἀκολουθείτω μοι: καὶ τὰ μὲν δύο συνέζευκται, τὸ δὲ ἓν καθ' ἑαυτὸ τέθειται. Ἀλλ' ἴδωμεν πρότερον τί ποτέ ἐστι τὸ ἀρνήσασθαι ἑαυτόν. Μάθωμεν πρότερον τί ἐστιν ἀρνήσασθαι ἕτερον, καὶ τότε εἰσόμεθα τί ποτέ ἐστιν ἀρνήσασθαι ἑαυτόν. Τί οὖν ἐστιν ἀρνήσασθαι ἕτερον; Ὁ ἀρνούμενος ἕτερον, οἷον ἢ ἀδελφὸν, ἢ οἰκέτην, ἢ ὁντιναοῦν, κἂν μαστιζόμενον ἴδῃ, κἂν δεσμούμενον, κἂν ἀπαγόμενον, κἂν ὁτιοῦν πάσχοντα, οὐ παρίσταται, οὐ βοηθεῖ, οὐκ ἐπικλᾶται, οὐ πάσχει τι πρὸς αὐτὸν, ἅτε ἅπαξ ἀπαλλοτριωθείς. Οὕτω τοίνυν βούλεται τοῦ σώματος ἀφειδεῖν τοῦ ἡμετέρου, ἵνα κἂν μαστίζωσι, κἂν ἐλαύνωσι, κἂν καίωσι, κἂν ὁτιοῦν ποιῶσι, μὴ φεισώμεθα. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι φείσασθαι. Ἐπεὶ καὶ οἱ πατέρες τότε φείδονται τῶν ἐγγόνων, ὅταν διδασκάλοις αὐτὰ παραδιδόντες, κελεύωσιν αὐτῶν μὴ φείδεσθαι. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Χριστός: οὐκ εἶπε, Μὴ φεισάσθω ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλ' ἐπιτεταμένως, Ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτόν: τουτέστι, Μηδὲν ἐχέτω κοινὸν πρὸς ἑαυτὸν, ἀλλ' ἐκδιδότω τοῖς κινδύνοις, τοῖς ἀγῶσι, καὶ ὡς ἑτέρου ταῦτα πάσχοντος, οὕτω διακείσθω. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἀρνησάσθω, ἀλλ', Ἀπαρνησάσθω: καὶ τῇ μικρᾷ ταύτῃ προσθήκῃ πολλὴν πάλιν ἐμφαίνων τὴν ὑπερβολήν. Καὶ γὰρ πλέον τοῦτο ἐκείνου ἐστί. βʹ. Καὶ ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ. Τοῦτο ἐξ ἐκείνου γίνεται. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ νομίσῃς, ὅτι μέχρι ῥημάτων καὶ ὕβρεων καὶ ὀνειδῶν δεῖ ἀπαρνήσασθαι ἑαυτὸν, λέγει καὶ μέχρι πόσου ἀπαρνεῖσθαι ἑαυτὸν δεῖ: τουτέστι, μέχρι θανάτου, καὶ θανάτου ἐπονειδίστου. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἀπαρνησάσθω ἑαυτὸν μέχρι θανάτου, ἀλλ' Ἀράτω τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ, τὸν ἐπονείδιστον θάνατον δηλῶν: καὶ ὅτι οὐχ ἅπαξ, οὐδὲ δὶς, ἀλλὰ διὰ παντὸς τοῦ βίου τοῦτο δεῖ ποιεῖν. Διηνεκῶς γὰρ, φησὶ, περίφερε τὸν θάνατον τοῦτον, καθ' ἡμέραν ἕτοιμος ἔσο πρὸς σφαγήν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ πολλοὶ χρημάτων μὲν κατεφρόνησαν καὶ τρυφῆς καὶ δόξης, θανάτου δὲ οὐχ ὑπερεῖδον, ἀλλ' ἔδεισαν κινδύνους: ἐγὼ, φησὶ, καὶ μέχρις αἵματος παλαίειν τὸν ἀγωνιστὴν βούλομαι τὸν ἐμὸν, καὶ ἕως σφαγῆς τὰ σκάμματα γίνεσθαι: ὥστε κἂν θάνατον ὑπομεῖναι δέῃ, κἂν θάνατον τὸν ἐπονείδιστον, κἂν θάνατον τὸν ἐπάρατον, κἂν ἐπὶ πονηρᾷ ὑπολήψει, πάντα γενναίως φέρειν, καὶ ταύτῃ μᾶλλον ἀγάλλεσθαι. Καὶ ἀκολουθείτω μοι. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔστι καὶ πάσχοντα μὴ ἀκολουθεῖν, ὅταν μὴ δι' αὐτόν τις πάθῃ: (καὶ γὰρ λῃσταὶ πολλὰ χαλεπὰ πάσχουσι, καὶ τυμβωρύχοι καὶ γόητες:) ἵνα μὴ νομίσῃς, ὅτι ἀρκεῖ τῶν δεινῶν ἡ φύσις, προστίθησι τὴν ὑπόθεσιν τῶν δεινῶν. Τίς δέ ἐστιν αὕτη: Ἵνα ταῦτα ποιῶν καὶ πάσχων αὐτῷ ἀκολουθῇς: ἵνα δι' αὐτὸν πάντα ὑπομένῃς: ἵνα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ἀρετὴν ἔχῃς. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο δηλοῖ τὸ, Ἀκολουθείτω μοι: ὥστε μὴ μόνον ἀνδρείαν τὴν ἐν τοῖς δεινοῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ σωφροσύνην, καὶ ἐπιείκειαν, καὶ πᾶσαν ἐπιδείκνυσθαι φιλοσοφίαν. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἀκολουθεῖν ὡς χρὴ, τὸ καὶ τῆς ἄλλης ἀρετῆς ἐπιμελεῖσθαι, καὶ τὸ δι' αὐτὸν πάντα πάσχειν. Εἰσὶ γὰρ οἳ τῷ διαβόλῳ ἀκολουθοῦντες καὶ ταῦτα πάσχουσι, καὶ δι' ἐκεῖνον τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ἐκδιδόασιν: ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν, μᾶλλον δὲ δι' ἡμᾶς αὐτούς: ἐκεῖνοι μὲν, ἵνα ἑαυτοὺς βλάψωσι καὶ ἐνταῦθα καὶ ἐκεῖ: ἡμεῖς δὲ, ἵνα κερδήσωμεν ἑκατέραν τὴν ζωήν. Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἐσχάτης βλακείας, μηδὲ τὴν αὐτὴν τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις ἐπιδείκνυσθαι ἀνδρείαν, καὶ ταῦτα τοσούτους μέλλοντας καρποῦσθαι στεφάνους; Καίτοιγε ἡμῖν μὲν καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς πάρεστι βοηθῶν, ἐκείνοις δὲ οὐδείς. Εἶπε μὲν οὖν ἤδη καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἐπίταγμα, ὅτε ἔπεμπεν αὐτοὺς λέγων: Εἰς ὁδὸν ἐθνῶν μὴ ἀπέλθητε: (Ἀποστέλλω γὰρ ὑμᾶς ὡς πρόβατα ἐν μέσῳ λύκων, φησί: καὶ, Ἐπὶ ἡγεμόνας καὶ βασιλεῖς ἀχθήσεσθε:) νυνὶ δὲ ἐπιτεταμένως μᾶλλον καὶ αὐστηρότερον. Τότε μὲν γὰρ θάνατον εἶπε μόνον: ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ σταυροῦ ἐμνημόνευσε, καὶ σταυροῦ διηνεκοῦς. Ἀράτω γὰρ, φησὶ, τὸν σταυρὸν αὐτοῦ: τουτέστι, Βασταζέτω διηνεκῶς, καὶ φερέτω. Καὶ τοῦτο ποιεῖν εἴωθε πανταχοῦ, οὐκ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, οὐδὲ ἐκ προοιμίων, ἀλλ' ἠρέμα καὶ κατὰ μικρὸν τὰ μείζονα τῶν παραγγελμάτων εἰσάγων, ἵνα μὴ ξενίζωνται οἱ ἀκούοντες. Εἶτα, ἐπειδὴ σφοδρὸν ἐδόκει εἶναι τὸ εἰρημένον, ὅρα πῶς αὐτὸ διὰ τῶν ἑξῆς παραμυθεῖται, καὶ τίθησιν ἔπαθλα ὑπερβάλλοντα τοὺς ἱδρῶτας: καὶ οὐκ ἔπαθλα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ τῆς κακίας ἐπίχειρα. Καὶ γὰρ τούτοις ἐνδιατρίβει μᾶλλον, ἢ ἐκείνοις: ἐπειδήπερ οὐχ οὕτως ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν δόσις, ὡς ἡ τῶν αὐστηρῶν ἀπειλὴ τοὺς πολλοὺς σωφρονίζειν εἴωθε. Σκόπει γοῦν πῶς καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἄρχεται, καὶ εἰς τοῦτο τελευτᾷ. Ὃς γὰρ ἂν θέλῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ σῶσαι, ἀπολέσει, φησὶν, αὐτήν: ὃς δ' ἂν ἀπολέσῃ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχὴν ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ, εὑρήσει αὐτήν. Τί γὰρ ὠφεληθήσεται ἄνθρωπος, ἐὰν τὸν κόσμον ὅλον κερδήσῃ, καὶ ζημιωθῇ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ; ἢ τί δώσει ἄνθρωπος ἀντάλλαγμα ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ; Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν: Οὐκ ἀφειδῶν ὑμῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα φειδόμενος, ταῦτα ἐπιτάττω. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ φειδόμενος τοῦ παιδίου αὐτοῦ, ἀπόλλυσιν αὐτό: ὁ δὲ μὴ φειδόμενος, διασώζει. Ὃ καί τις σοφὸς ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Ἐὰν παίσῃς τὸν υἱόν σου ῥάβδῳ, οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ: τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου ῥύσῃ: καὶ πάλιν, Ὁ περιψύχων τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ, καταδήσει τραύματα αὐτοῦ. Τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ στρατοπέδου γίνεται. Ἂν γὰρ ὁ στρατηγὸς, φειδόμενος τῶν στρατιωτῶν, ἔνδον κελεύῃ μένειν διαπαντὸς, καὶ τοὺς ἔνδον αὐτοῖς προσαπολεῖ. Ἵν' οὖν μὴ καὶ ἐφ' ὑμῶν τοῦτο συμβαίνῃ, φησί: Δεῖ πρὸς τὸν διηνεκῆ θάνατον ὑμᾶς παρατετάχθαι. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ νῦν πόλεμος ἀναῤῥιπίζεσθαι μέλλει χαλεπός. Μὴ τοίνυν καθίσῃς ἔνδον, ἀλλ' ἐξέρχου καὶ πολέμει: κἂν πέσῃς ἐν τῇ παρατάξει, τότε ἔζησας. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν αἰσθητῶν πολέμων ὁ παρατεταγμένος εἰς σφαγὴν, οὗτος τῶν ἄλλων εὐδοκιμώτερος καὶ ἀνάλωτος μᾶλλον, καὶ τοῖς πολεμίοις φοβερώτερος, καίτοιγε μετὰ θάνατον οὐκ ἰσχύοντος αὐτὸν ἀναστῆσαι τοῦ βασιλέως, ὑπὲρ οὗ τὰ ὅπλα τίθεται: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τῶν πολέμων τούτων, ὅτε καὶ ἀναστάσεως ἐλπίδες τοσαῦται, ὁ προβαλλόμενος εἰς θάνατον τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχὴν, εὑρήσει αὐτήν: ἑνὶ μὲν τρόπῳ, ὅτι οὐ ταχέως ἁλώσεται: δευτέρῳ δὲ, ὅτι κἂν πέσῃ, ἐπὶ μείζονα αὐτὴν χειραγωγήσει ζωήν. γʹ. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ εἶπεν, ὅτι Ὁ θέλων σῶσαι, ἀπολέσει αὐτὴν, ὃς δ' ἂν ἀπολέσῃ, σώσει, κἀκεῖ σωτηρίαν καὶ ἀπώλειαν, καὶ ἐνταῦθα σωτηρίαν καὶ ἀπώλειαν τέθεικεν: ἵνα μὴ νομίσῃ τις ἴσην εἶναι τὴν ἀπώλειαν ταύτην κἀκείνην, καὶ τὴν σωτηρίαν, ἀλλὰ μάθῃ σαφῶς, ὅτι τοσοῦτον ἐκείνης τῆς σωτηρίας καὶ ταύτης τὸ μέσον, ὅσον ἀπωλείας καὶ σωτηρίας: καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἐναντίων καθάπαξ ἐπάγει ταῦτα κατασκευάζων. Τί γὰρ ὠφελεῖται ἄνθρωπος, φησὶν, ἐὰν τὸν κόσμον ὅλον κερδήσῃ, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ζημιωθῇ; Εἶδες πῶς ἡ παρὰ τὸ δέον αὐτῆς σωτηρία, ἀπώλεια, καὶ ἀπωλείας ἁπάσης χείρων, ἅτε καὶ ἀνίατος οὖσα, τῷ μηδὲν εἶναι λοιπὸν τὸ ἐξωνούμενον αὐτήν; Μὴ γάρ μοι λέγε τοῦτο, φησὶν, ὅτι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἔσωσεν ὁ κινδύνους διαφυγὼν τοὺς τοιούτους, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ θὲς καὶ τὴν οἰκουμένην ἅπασαν, καὶ τί τὸ πλέον ἐντεῦθεν αὐτῷ ἐκείνης ἀπολλυμένης; Εἰπὲ γάρ μοι, εἰ τοὺς οἰκέτας ἴδοις τοὺς σοὺς ἐν τρυφῇ, σαυτὸν δὲ ἐν κακοῖς ἐσχάτοις, ἆρα κερδανεῖς ἐκ τοῦ δεσπότης εἶναί τι; Οὐδαμῶς. Τοῦτο τοίνυν καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ψυχῆς λογίζου, ὅταν τῆς σαρκὸς τρυφώσης καὶ πλουτούσης, αὕτη τὴν μέλλουσαν ἀπώλειαν ἀναμένῃ. Τί δώσει ἄνθρωπος ἀντάλλαγμα τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ; Πάλιν ἐπιμένει τῷ αὐτῷ. Μὴ γὰρ ἑτέραν ψυχὴν ἔχεις δοῦναι ἀντὶ ψυχῆς; φησί. Χρήματα μὲν γὰρ ἂν ἀπολέσῃς, δυνήσῃ δοῦναι χρήματα: κἂν οἰκίαν, κἂν ἀνδράποδα, κἂν ὁτιοῦν ἕτερον τῶν κτημάτων: ψυχὴν δὲ ἂν ἀπολέσῃς, ἑτέραν οὐ δυνήσῃ ἐπιδοῦναι ψυχήν: ἀλλὰ κἂν τὸν κόσμον ἔχῃς, κἂν βασιλεὺς τῆς οἰκουμένης ᾖς, οὐχ οἷός τε ἔσῃ τὰ τῆς οἰκουμένης πάντα καταβαλὼν μετὰ τῆς οἰκουμένης αὐτῆς, ψυχὴν ἀγοράσαι μίαν. Καὶ τί θαυμαστὸν εἰ ἐπὶ ψυχῆς τοῦτο συμβαίνει; Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἐπὶ σώματος τοῦτο γινόμενον ἴδοι τις ἄν. Κἂν μυρία διαδήματα περικείμενος ᾖς, σῶμα δὲ ἔχῃς ἐπίνοσον φύσει καὶ ἀνιάτως ἔχον, οὐ δυνήσῃ, κἂν τὴν βασιλείαν ἅπασαν ἐπιδῷς, τὸ σῶμα διορθῶσαι τοῦτο, κἂν μυρία σώματα προσθῇς, καὶ πόλεις, καὶ χρήματα. Οὕτω τοίνυν καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ψυχῆς λογίζου: μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ πολλῷ πλέον ἐπὶ τῆς ψυχῆς: καὶ πάντα τὰ ἄλλα ἀφεὶς, εἰς ταύτην ἅπασαν ἀνάλισκε τὴν σπουδήν. δʹ. Μὴ δὴ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων φροντίζων, ἀμέλει σαυτοῦ καὶ τῶν σῶν: ὃ νῦν ἅπαντες ποιοῦσιν, ἐοικότες τοῖς τὰ μέταλλα ἐργαζομένοις. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐκείνοις ὄφελος τῆς ἐργασίας ταύτης, οὐδὲ τοῦ πλούτου: ἀλλὰ καὶ πολὺ τὸ βλάβος, ὅτι τε κινδυνεύουσιν εἰκῆ, καὶ ὅτι ἑτέροις κινδυνεύουσιν, οὐδὲν ἐκ τῶν ἱδρώτων ἐκείνων καὶ τῶν θανάτων καρπούμενοι. Τούτους καὶ νῦν εἰσι πολλοὶ οἱ μιμούμενοι, οἱ ἑτέροις μεταλλεύοντες πλοῦτον: μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ τούτων ἀθλιώτεροι, ὅσῳ καὶ γέεννα ἡμᾶς ἀναμένει μετὰ τοὺς πόνους τούτους. Ἐκείνους μὲν γὰρ ἵστησι τῶν ἱδρώτων ἐκείνων ὁ θάνατος: ἡμῖν δὲ ἀρχὴ μυρίων κακῶν ὁ θάνατος γίνεται. Εἰ δὲ λέγοις, ὅτι ἀπολαύεις τῶν σῶν πόνων πλουτῶν, δεῖξον τὴν ψυχὴν εὐφρανθεῖσαν, καὶ τότε πείθομαι. Τῶν γὰρ ἐν ἡμῖν κυριώτερον ἡ ψυχή. Εἰ δὲ τὸ σῶμα πιαίνεται, τηκομένης ἐκείνης, οὐδὲν αὕτη πρὸς σὲ ἡ εὐθηνία ὥσπερ οὖν τῆς δούλης εὐφραινομένης, οὐδὲν πρὸς τὴν δέσποιναν ἀπολλυμένην ἡ τῆς θεραπαινίδος εὐημερία, οὐδὲ ἡ τῆς στολῆς εὐκοσμία πρὸς τὴν τῆς σαρκὸς ἀσθένειαν: ἀλλ' ἐρεῖ σοι πάλιν ὁ Χριστός: Τί δώσει ἄνθρωπος ἀντάλλαγμα ὑπὲρ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ; ἄνω καὶ κάτω περὶ ἐκείνην σε στρέφεσθαι κελεύων, καὶ αὐτῆς μόνης ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. Φοβήσας τοίνυν ἐντεῦθεν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγαθῶν παραμυθεῖται. Μέλλει γὰρ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, φησὶν, ἔρχεσθαι ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων αὐτοῦ, καὶ τότε ἀποδώσει ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ. Εἶδες πῶς δόξα μία Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ; Εἰ δὲ δόξα μία, εὔδηλον ὅτι καὶ οὐσία μία. Εἰ γὰρ ἐν οὐσίᾳ μιᾷ διαφορὰ δόξης (Ἄλλη γὰρ δόξα ἡλίου, καὶ ἄλλη δόξα σελήνης, καὶ ἄλλη δόξα ἀστέρων: ἀστὴρ γὰρ ἀστέρος διαφέρει ἐν δόξῃ, καίτοι μιᾶς οὔσης οὐσίας), πῶς ἂν ὧν ἡ δόξα μία, ἡ οὐσία ἑτέρα νομισθείη; Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἐν δόξῃ τοιαύτῃ οἵᾳ ὁ Πατὴρ, ἵνα πάλιν παραλλαγήν τινα ὑποπτεύσῃς: ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀπηκριβωμένον δεικνὺς, Ἐν αὐτῇ ἐκείνῃ τῇ δόξῃ, φησὶν, ἥξει, ὡς μίαν αὐτὴν ὑποπτεύεσθαι καὶ τὴν αὐτήν. Τί τοίνυν φοβῇ, Πέτρε, φησὶ, θάνατον ἀκούων; Τότε με γὰρ ὄψει ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ Πατρός. Εἰ δὲ ἐγὼ ἐν δόξῃ, καὶ ὑμεῖς. Οὐδὲ γὰρ μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος βίου τὰ ὑμέτερα: ἀλλ' ἑτέρα τις ὑμᾶς διαδέξεται λῆξις ἀμείνων Ἀλλ' ὅμως εἰπὼν τὰ χρηστὰ, οὐκ ἔστη μέχρι τούτου, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ φοβερὰ ἀνέμιξε, τὸ δικαστήριον ἐκεῖνο εἰς μέσον ἀγαγὼν, καὶ τὰς εὐθύνας τὰς ἀπαραιτήτους, καὶ τὴν ψῆφον τὴν ἀδέκαστον, καὶ τὴν κρίσιν τὴν ἀνεξαπάτητον. Οὐ μὴν ἀφῆκε σκυθρωπὸν μόνον φανῆναι τὸν λόγον, ἀλλὰ καὶ χρησταῖς ἀνέμιξεν ἐλπίσιν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπε, Τότε κολάσει τοὺς ἡμαρτηκότας, ἀλλ', Ἀποδώσει ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν πρᾶξιν αὐτοῦ. Τοῦτο δὲ ἔλεγεν οὐχὶ τοὺς ἡμαρτηκότας κολάσεως ἀναμιμνήσκων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς κατωρθωκότας βραβείων καὶ στεφάνων. Ἀλλ' αὐτὸς μὲν, ἵνα καὶ τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἄνδρας ἀνακτήσηται, ταῦτα εἴρηκεν: ἐγὼ δὲ φρίττω ἀεὶ ταῦτα ἀκούων: οὐ γάρ εἰμι τῶν στεφανουμένων. Οἶμαι δὲ καὶ ἑτέρους ἡμῖν κοινωνεῖν τοῦ φόβου καὶ τῆς ἀγωνίας. Τίνα γὰρ οὐχ ἱκανὸν τοῦτο πτοῆσαι τὸ ῥῆμα, εἰς τὸ συνειδὸς εἰσελθόντα τὸ ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ ποιῆσαι φρίττειν, καὶ πεῖσαι ὅτι σάκκου ἡμῖν χρεία, καὶ νηστείας ἐπιτεταμένης μᾶλλον. ἢ τῷ δήμῳ τῶν Νινευϊτῶν; Οὐ γὰρ ὑπὲρ καταστροφῆς πόλεως καὶ τῆς κοινῆς τελευτῆς ὁ λόγος ἡμῖν, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ τῆς κολάσεως τῆς αἰωνίου, καὶ τοῦ πυρὸς τοῦ μὴ σβεννυμένου. εʹ. Διὸ καὶ τοὺς τὰς ἐρήμους κατειληφότας μοναχοὺς ἐπαινῶ καὶ θαυμάζω τῶν τε ἄλλων ἕνεκεν, καὶ διὰ ταύτην τὴν ῥῆσιν. Ἐκεῖνοι γὰρ μετὰ τὸ ἀριστοποιήσασθαι, μᾶλλον δὲ μετὰ τὸ δεῖπνον: (ἄριστον γὰρ οὐκ ἴσασί ποτε: καὶ γὰρ ἴσασιν ὅτι πένθους ὁ παρὼν καιρὸς καὶ νηστείας:) μετὰ τὸ δεῖπνον τοίνυν λέγοντές τινας εὐχαριστηρίους ὕμνους εἰς τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ ταύτης μέμνηνται τῆς φωνῆς. Καὶ εἰ βούλεσθε καὶ αὐτῶν ἀκοῦσαι τῶν ὕμνων, ἵνα καὶ αὐτοὶ λέγητε συνεχῶς, πᾶσαν ὑμῖν ἀπαγγελῶ τὴν ᾠδὴν ἐκείνην τὴν ἱεράν. Ἔχει τοίνυν τὰ ῥήματα αὐτῆς οὕτως: Εὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεὸς ὁ τρέφων με ἐκ νεότητός μου, ὁ διδοὺς τροφὴν πάσῃ σαρκί: πλήρωσον χαρᾶς καὶ εὐφροσύνης τὰς καρδίας ἡμῶν ἵνα πάντοτε πᾶσαν αὐτάρκειαν ἔχοντες, περισσεύωμεν εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν, μεθ' οὗ σοι δόξα, τιμὴ καὶ κράτος, σὺν ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας Ἀμήν. Δόξα σοι, Κύριε, δόξα σοι, Ἅγιε, δόξα σοι. Βασιλεῦ. ὅτι ἔδωκας ἡμῖν βρώματα εἰς εὐφροσύνην. Πλῆσον ἡμᾶς Πνεύματος ἁγίου, ἵνα εὑρεθῶμεν ἐνώπιόν σου εὐαρεστήσαντες, μὴ αἰσχυνόμενοι, ὅτε ἀποδίδως ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ. Πάντα μὲν οὖν ἄξιον θαυμάσαι τὸν ὕμνον τοῦτον, μάλιστα δὲ τουτὶ τὸ τέλος. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἡ τράπεζα καὶ ἡ τροφὴ διαχέειν εἴωθε καὶ βαρύνειν. καθάπερ τινὰ χαλινὸν τὴν ῥῆσιν ταύτην ἐπιτιθέασι τῇ ψυχῇ, παρὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς ἀνέσεως τοῦ καιροῦ τῆς κρίσεως αὐτὴν ἀναμιμνήσκοντες. Ἔμαθον γὰρ τί ἔπαθεν Ἰσραὴλ ἀπὸ τραπέζης πολυτελοῦς. Ἔφαγε γὰρ, φησὶ, καὶ ἐπαχύνθη. καὶ ἀπελάκτισεν ὁ ἠγαπημένος. Διὸ καὶ Μωϋσῆς ἔλεγε: Φαγὼν καὶ πιὼν καὶ ἐμπλησθεὶς, μνήσθητι Κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ σου. Μετὰ γὰρ ἐκείνην τὴν τράπεζαν τὰ παράνομα αὐτοῖς ἐτολμήθη τότε ἐκεῖνα τολμήματα. Σκόπει τοίνυν καὶ σὺ, μὴ τοιοῦτόν τι πάθῃς. Κἂν γὰρ μὴ λίθῳ θύσῃς, μηδὲ χρυσῷ, καὶ πρόβατα καὶ μόσχους, σκόπει μὴ θυμῷ θύσῃς τὴν σαυτοῦ ψυχὴν, μὴ πορνείᾳ θύσῃς τὴν σωτηρίαν τὴν σὴν, μὴ ἑτέροις τοιούτοις πάθεσι. Διὰ γάρ τοι τοῦτο καὶ ἐκεῖνοι τοὺς κρημνοὺς δεδοικότες τούτους, τραπέζης ἀπολαύσαντες, μᾶλλον δὲ νηστείας (καὶ γὰρ ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶν νηστεία), τοῦ φοβεροῦ δικαστηρίου καὶ τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης ἑαυτοὺς ἀναμιμνήσκουσιν. Εἰ δὲ ἐκεῖνοι οἱ καὶ νηστείαις, καὶ χαμευνίαις, καὶ ἀγρυπνίαις, καὶ σάκκῳ, καὶ μυρίοις ἑαυτοὺς σωφρονίζοντες, ἔτι καὶ ταύτης δέονται τῆς ὑπομνήσεως: πότε δυνησόμεθα ἡμεῖς ἐπιεικῶς ζῇν, οἱ τραπέζας παρατιθέντες μυρία ναυάγια φερούσας, καὶ μηδὲ ὅλως εὐχόμενοι, μήτε ἐν ἀρχῇ, μήτε ἐν τέλει; Διόπερ ἵνα τὰ ναυάγια ταῦτα λύσωμεν, τὸν ὕμνον ἐκεῖνον εἰς μέσον ἀγαγόντες ἀναπτύξωμεν πάντα, ἵνα τὸ ἐξ αὐτοῦ κέρδος ἰδόντες, καὶ αὐτοὶ συνεχῶς ἐπᾴδωμεν αὐτὸν τῇ τραπέζῃ, καὶ τὰ σκιρτήματα τῆς γαστρὸς καταστέλλωμεν, καὶ τὰ ἤθη καὶ τοὺς νόμους τῶν ἀγγέλων ἐκείνων εἰς τὰς οἰκίας εἰσάγοντες τὰς ἡμετέρας. Ἔδει μὲν γὰρ βαδίζοντας ἐκεῖ, ταῦτα καρπίζεσθαι: ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐ βούλεσθε, κἂν διὰ τῶν ἡμετέρων λόγων ἀκούσατε τῆς πνευματικῆς ταύτης μελῳδίας, καὶ ἕκαστος μετὰ τὴν τράπεζαν ταῦτα λεγέτω τὰ ῥήματα, ἀρχόμενος οὕτως: Εὐλογητὸς ὁ Θεός. Τὸν γὰρ ἀποστολικὸν εὐθέως πληροῦσι νόμον τὸν κελεύοντα: Πᾶν ὁτιοῦν ποιοῦμεν ἐν λόγῳ ἢ ἐν ἔργῳ, ἐν ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, εὐχαριστοῦντες τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρὶ δι' αὐτοῦ. Εἶτα ἡ εὐχαριστία οὐχ ὑπὲρ τῆς μιᾶς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης μόνης, ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ παντὸς τοῦ βίου γίνεται. Ὁ τρέφων γάρ με, φησὶν, ἐκ νεότητός μου. Καὶ διδασκαλία φιλοσοφίας ἐντεῦθεν. Τοῦ γὰρ Θεοῦ τρέφοντος, οὐ χρὴ μεριμνᾷν. Εἰ γὰρ βασιλέως σοι ὑποσχομένου παρέχειν ἐκ τῶν αὐτοῦ ταμιείων τὴν καθημερινὴν τροφὴν, ἐθάρσησας ἂν λοιπόν: πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὅταν ὁ Θεὸς παρέχῃ, καὶ πάντα σοι ὥσπερ ἐκ πηγῶν ἐπιῤῥέῃ, πάσης φροντίδος ἀπηλλάχθαι δεῖ. Διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ ταῦτα λέγουσιν, ἵνα καὶ ἑαυτοὺς καὶ τοὺς ὑπ' αὐτῶν μαθητευομένους πείσωσι πᾶσαν ἀποδύσασθαι μέριμναν βιωτικήν. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ νομίσῃς ὅτι ὑπὲρ ἑαυτῶν μόνων τὴν εὐχαριστίαν ταύτην ἀναφέρουσιν, ἐπάγουσι λέγοντες, Ὁ διδοὺς τροφὴν πάσῃ σαρκὶ, ὑπὲρ παντὸς εὐχαριστοῦντες τοῦ κόσμου: καὶ καθάπερ πατέρες τῆς οἰκουμένης ἁπάσης, οὕτω τὰς ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων εὐφημίας ἀναφέρουσι, καὶ εἰς φιλαδελφίαν ἑαυτοὺς ἀλείφουσι γνησίαν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ δύνανται μισεῖν ἐκείνους, ὑπὲρ ὧν, ὅτι τρέφονται, εὐχαριστοῦσι τῷ Θεῷ. Εἶδες καὶ τὴν ἀγάπην διὰ τῆς εὐχαριστίας εἰσαγομένην, καὶ μέριμναν ἐκβαλλομένην βιωτικὴν, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν καὶ διὰ τούτων; Εἰ γὰρ πᾶσαν τρέφει σάρκα, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοὺς ἀνακειμένους αὐτῷ: εἰ γὰρ τοὺς βιωτικαῖς ἐνδεδεμένους φροντίσι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοὺς τούτων ἀπηλλαγμένους. Τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς κατασκευάζων ἔλεγε: Πόσων στρουθίων διαφέρετε ὑμεῖς; Ταῦτα δὲ ἔλεγε, παιδεύων μὴ θαῤῥεῖν πλούτῳ καὶ γῇ καὶ σπέρμασιν. Οὐ γὰρ ταῦτά ἐστι τὰ τρέφοντα, ἀλλ' ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ λόγος. Ἀπὸ τούτων καὶ Μανιχαίους, καὶ τοὺς Οὐαλεντίνου, καὶ πάντας τοὺς τὰ ἐκείνων νοσοῦντας ἐπιστομίζουσιν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ πονηρὸς οὗτος, ὁ πᾶσι προθεὶς τὰ ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ τοῖς βλασφημοῦσιν αὐτόν. Εἶτα ἡ αἴτησις: Πλήρωσον χαρᾶς καὶ εὐφροσύνης τὰς καρδίας ἡμῶν. Ποίας ἄρα χαρᾶς λέγει; μὴ τῆς βιωτικῆς; Μὴ γένοιτο: οὐ γὰρ ἂν, εἰ ταύτην ἤθελον, ὀρῶν κορυφὰς κατελάμβανον καὶ ἐρημίας, καὶ σάκκον περιεβάλλοντο: ἀλλ' ἐκείνην λέγουσι τὴν χαρὰν, τὴν οὐδὲν κοινὸν ἔχουσαν πρὸς τὸν παρόντα βίον, τὴν τῶν ἀγγέλων, τὴν ἄνω. Καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς αὐτὴν αἰτοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ πολλῆς τῆς ὑπερβολῆς: οὐ γὰρ λέγουσι, Δὸς, ἀλλὰ, Πλήρωσον: καὶ οὐ λέγουσιν, Ἡμᾶς, ἀλλὰ, Τὰς καρδίας ἡμῶν. Αὕτη γὰρ μάλιστα καρδίας χαρά: Ὁ γὰρ καρπὸς τοῦ Πνεύματος, ἀγάπη, χαρὰ, εἰρήνη. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἡ ἁμαρτία λύπην εἰσήγαγεν, ἀξιοῦσι διὰ τῆς χαρᾶς τὴν δικαιοσύνην αὐτοῖς ἐμφυτευθῆναι: οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἄλλως ἐγγένοιτο χαρά. Ὁ γὰρ καρπὸς τοῦ Πνεύματος, ἀγάπη, χαρὰ, εἰρήνη. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἡ ἁμαρτία λύπην εἰσήγαγεν, ἀξιοῦσι διὰ τῆς χαρᾶς τὴν δικαιοσύνην αὐτοῖς ἐμφυτευθῆναι: οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἄλλως ἐγγένοιτο χαρά. Ἵνα πάντοτε πᾶσαν αὐτάρκειαν ἔχοντες, περισσεύωμεν εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν. Ὅρα τὴν εὐαγγελικὴν ἐκείνην πληροῦντας ῥῆσιν, τὴν λέγουσαν: Τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον: καὶ ταύτην δὲ αὐτὴν ζητοῦντας διὰ τὰ πνευματικά. Ἵνα γὰρ περισσεύωμεν, φησὶν, εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν. Οὐκ εἶπον, Ἵνα τὸ ὀφειλόμενον μόνον ποιῶμεν, ἀλλ' ἵνα καὶ πλέον τῶν ἐπιτεταγμένων: τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν, Ἵνα περισσεύωμεν. Καὶ παρὰ μὲν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν αὐτάρκειαν ζητοῦσιν ἐν τοῖς ἀναγκαίοις: αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐ μετὰ αὐταρκείας βούλονται ὑπακούειν μόνον, ἀλλὰ μετὰ περιουσίας πολλῆς, καὶ ἐν ἅπασι. Τοῦτο δούλων εὐγνωμόνων, τοῦτο φιλοσόφων ἀνδρῶν, τὸ ἀεὶ καὶ ἐν πᾶσι περισσεύειν. Εἶτα πάλιν ἀναμιμνήσκοντες ἑαυτοὺς τὴν οἰκείαν ἀσθένειαν, καὶ ὡς οὐδὲν ἄνευ τῆς ἄνωθεν ῥοπῆς γενναῖον δύναται γενέσθαι, εἰπόντες, Ἵνα περισσεύωμεν εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν, ἐπάγουσιν: Ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν, μεθ' οὗ σοι δόξα, τιμὴ καὶ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας: ἀμήν: ἴσον τῇ ἀρχῇ τὸ τέλος ὑφαίνοντες δι' εὐχαριστίας. Ϛʹ. Εἶτα πάλιν δοκοῦσι μὲν ἐκ προοιμίων ἄρχεσθαι, τοῦ αὐτοῦ δὲ ἔχονται λόγου. Ὥσπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἐν προοιμίῳ Ἐπιστολῆς καταλύσας εἰς δοξολογίαν, καὶ εἰπὼν, Κατὰ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρὸς, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας: ἀμήν: ἄρχεται τῆς ὑποθέσεως πάλιν ὑπὲρ ἧς ἔγραφε. Καὶ πάλιν ἀλλαχοῦ εἰπών: Ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν κτίσαντα, ὅς ἐστιν εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας: ἀμήν: οὐκ ἀπήρτισε τὸν λόγον, ἀλλ' ἄρχεται πάλιν. Μὴ τοίνυν μηδὲ τούτοις ἐγκαλῶμεν τοῖς ἀγγέλοις ὡς ἀτάκτως ποιοῦσιν, οἳ καταλύσαντες εἰς δοξολογίαν, πάλιν ἄρχονται τῶν ὕμνων τῶν ἱερῶν. Ἀποστολικοῖς γὰρ ἕπονται νόμοις, ἀπὸ δοξολογίας ἀρχόμενοι καὶ εἰς τοῦτο τελευτῶντες, καὶ μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν ταύτην προοιμιαζόμενοι πάλιν. Διὸ λέγουσι: Δόξα σοι, Κύριε, δόξα σοι, Ἅγιε, δόξα σοι, Βασιλεῦ, ὅτι ἔδωκας ἡμῖν βρώματα εἰς εὐφροσύνην. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὑπὲρ τῶν μεγάλων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν μικρῶν δεῖ εὐχαριστεῖν. Εὐχαριστοῦσι δὲ καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτων, καταισχύνοντες τὴν Μανιχαίων αἵρεσιν, καὶ ὅσοι τὴν παροῦσαν ζωὴν πονηρὰν εἶναι λέγουσιν. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ, διὰ τὴν ἄκραν φιλοσοφίαν καὶ τὴν ὑπεροψίαν τῆς γαστρὸς, ὑποπτεύσῃς περὶ αὐτῶν ὡς τὰ σῖτα βδελυττομένων, οἷον περὶ ἐκείνων τῶν ἀπαγχονιζόντων ἑαυτοὺς, διὰ τῆς εὐχῆς σε παιδεύουσιν, ὅτι οὐ βδελυττόμενοι τὰ κτίσματα τοῦ Θεοῦ, τῶν πλειόνων ἀπέχονται, ἀλλ' ἢ φιλοσοφίαν ἀσκοῦντες. Καὶ ὅρα πῶς ἀπὸ τῆς εὐχαριστίας τῶν ἤδη δοθέντων, καὶ περὶ τῶν μειζόνων δυσωποῦσι, καὶ οὐ μένουσιν ἐπὶ τῶν βιωτικῶν, ἀλλ' ἀναβαίνουσιν ὑπὲρ τοὺς οὐρανοὺς, καί φασι: Πλήρωσον ἡμᾶς Πνεύματος ἁγίου. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔστιν εὐδοκιμεῖν ὡς χρὴ, μὴ πληρωθέντα τῆς χάριτος ἐκείνης: καθάπερ οὐκ ἔστι γενναῖόν τι ποιεῖν ἢ μέγα, μὴ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ ῥοπῆς ἀπολαύσαντα. Ὥσπερ οὖν εἰπόντες, Ἵνα περισσεύωμεν εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν, ἐπήγαγον, Ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ: οὕτω καὶ ἐνταῦθα λέγουσι, Πλῆσον ἡμᾶς Πνεύματος ἁγίου, ἵνα εὑρεθῶμεν ἐνώπιόν σου εὐαρεστήσαντες. Εἶδες πῶς ὑπὲρ τῶν βιωτικῶν μὲν οὐκ εὔχονται, ἀλλ' εὐχαριστοῦσι μόνον: ὑπὲρ δὲ τῶν πνευματικῶν καὶ εὐχαριστοῦσι καὶ εὔχονται; Ζητεῖτε γὰρ, φησὶ, τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν, καὶ ταῦτα πάντα προστεθήσεται ὑμῖν. Σκόπει δὲ καὶ ἑτέραν αὐτῶν φιλοσοφίαν. Ἵνα εὑρεθῶμεν γὰρ, φησὶ, ἐνώπιόν σου εὐαρεστήσαντες, μὴ αἰσχυνόμενοι. Οὐ γὰρ μέλει ἡμῖν τῆς παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν αἰσχύνης, φησίν: ἀλλ' ὅσα ἂν εἴπωσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι περὶ ἡμῶν γελῶντες, ὀνειδίζοντες, οὐδὲ ἐπιστρεφόμεθα: ὁ δὲ ἀγὼν ἡμῖν ἅπας, ὥστε μὴ τότε αἰσχυνθῆναι. Ὅταν δὲ ταῦτα εἴπωσι, καὶ τὸν τοῦ πυρὸς ἐπεισάγουσι ποταμὸν, καὶ τὰ ἔπαθλα καὶ τὰ βραβεῖα. Οὐκ εἶπον, Ἵνα μὴ κολασθῶμεν, ἀλλ', Ἵνα μὴ αἰσχυνθῶμεν. Τοῦτο γὰρ ἡμῖν πολὺ φοβερώτερον γεέννης, τὸ δόξαι προσκεκρουκέναι τῷ Δεσπότῃ. Ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ τοὺς πολλοὺς οὐ φοβεῖ τοῦτο, καὶ παχυτέρους, ἐπάγουσιν: Ὅτε ἀποδίδως ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ. Εἶδες ἡλίκα ἡμᾶς ὤνησαν οἱ ξένοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι οὗτοι, οἱ τῆς ἐρήμου πολῖται: μᾶλλον δὲ οἱ τῶν οὐρανῶν πολῖται; Ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ τῶν οὐρανῶν ξένοι, πολῖται δὲ τῆς γῆς: οὗτοι δὲ τοὐναντίον. Μετὰ δὲ τὸν ὕμνον τοῦτον πολλῆς ἐμπλησθέντες κατανύξεως, καὶ θερμῶν καὶ πολλῶν δακρύων, οὕτως ἐπὶ ὕπνον βαδίζουσι, τοσοῦτον αὐτοῦ σπῶντες, ὅσον μικρὸν ἀναπαύσασθαι. Καὶ πάλιν τὰς νύκτας ἡμέρας ποιοῦσιν, ἐν εὐχαριστίαις καὶ ψαλμῳδίαις διάγοντες. Οὐκ ἄνδρες δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ γυναῖκες ταύτην ἀσκοῦσι τὴν φιλοσοφίαν, τὴν ἀσθένειαν τῆς φύσεως τῇ περιουσίᾳ τῆς προθυμίας νικῶσαι. Αἰσχυνθῶμεν τοίνυν τὴν ἐκείνων εὐτονίαν οἱ ἄνδρες ἡμεῖς, καὶ παυσώμεθα τοῖς παροῦσι προστετηκότες, τῇ σκιᾷ, τοῖς ὀνείρασι, τῷ καπνῷ. Καὶ γὰρ τὸ πλέον τῆς ζωῆς ἡμῶν ἐν ἀναισθησίᾳ. Ἥ τε γὰρ πρώτη ἡλικία πολλῆς γέμει τῆς ἀνοίας: ἡ δὲ πρὸς τὸ γῆρας ὁδεύουσα πάλιν, πᾶσαν τὴν ἐν ἡμῖν αἴσθησιν καταμαραίνει: καὶ ὀλίγον ἐστὶ τὸ μέσον, τὸ δυνάμενον μετὰ αἰσθήσεως τρυφῆς ἀπολαῦσαι: μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ ἐκεῖνο καθαρῶς τούτου μετέχει, μυρίων φροντίδων καὶ πόνων λυμαινομένων αὐτῷ. Διὸ παρακαλῶ, τὰ ἀκίνητα καὶ ἀθάνατα ζητήσωμεν ἀγαθὰ, καὶ τὴν ζωὴν τὴν οὐδέποτε γῆρας ἔχουσαν. Ἔστι γὰρ καὶ πόλιν οἰκοῦντα τὴν τῶν μοναχῶν φιλοσοφίαν ζηλοῦν: ἔστι γὰρ καὶ γυναῖκα ἔχοντα, καὶ ἐν οἰκίᾳ στρεφόμενον, καὶ εὔχεσθαι, καὶ νηστεύειν, καὶ κατανενύχθαι. Ἐπεὶ καὶ οἱ παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀποστόλων κατηχηθέντες τὰς μὲν πόλεις ᾤκουν, τῶν δὲ τὰς ἐρημίας κατειληφότων τὴν εὐλάβειαν ἐπεδείκνυντο: καὶ ἕτεροι δὲ πάλιν ἐργαστηρίων προεστηκότες, ὡς Πρίσκιλλα καὶ Ἀκύλας. Καὶ οἱ προφῆται δὲ πάντες καὶ γυναῖκας εἶχον καὶ οἰκίας, ὡς ὁ Ἡσαΐας, ὡς ὁ Ἰεζεχιὴλ, ὡς ὁ μέγας Μωϋσῆς, καὶ οὐδὲν ἐντεῦθεν εἰς ἀρετὴν παρεβλάβησαν. Τούτους δὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς ζηλώσαντες, διαπαντὸς εὐχαριστήσωμεν τῷ Θεῷ, διαπαντὸς ὑμνῶμεν αὐτὸν, καὶ σωφροσύνης καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἀρετῶν ἐπιμελώμεθα, καὶ τὴν ἐν ταῖς ἐρημίαις φιλοσοφίαν εἰς τὰς πόλεις εἰσαγάγωμεν: ἵνα καὶ παρὰ Θεῷ εὐάρεστοι καὶ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις δόκιμοι φανῶμεν, καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ἐπιτύχωμεν ἀγαθῶν, χάριτι καὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, δι' οὗ καὶ μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ δόξα, τιμὴ, κράτος, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ καὶ ζωοποιῷ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.