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to build Jerusalem; and this happened in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes, king of the Persians. For Nehemiah, his cupbearer, having made a request, received the response that Jerusalem should be built, and a word went forth commanding this; for until that time the city had been desolate. For after Cyrus, following the seventy years of captivity, sent down each of those who wished voluntarily, those who came down with Jeshua the 152 high priest and Zerubbabel, and those after them along with Ezra, were at first prevented from building the temple and from putting a wall around the city, as this had not been commanded. It remained so, therefore, until Nehemiah and the twentieth year of the reign of Artaxerxes, and in the one hundred and fifteenth of the Persian dominion, and 185 years from the capture of Jerusalem; and then King Artaxerxes commanded the city to be built, and Nehemiah, being sent down, was in charge of the work, and the building of the street and the wall around it, as was prophesied. And from there, counting for us, seventy weeks are completed unto Christ. For if we should begin to count from any other point and not from here, neither will the time coincide, and very many absurdities will arise. For if we should make the beginning of the counting of the seventy weeks from Cyrus and the first return, more than 100 years are in excess, and the time is longer if we count from the day the angel prophesied to Daniel, and much longer if from the beginning of the captivity. For we find the Persian kingdom to be defined by 230 years, and that of the Macedonians extending for 300 years, and from there to the sixteenth year of Tiberius Caesar for 60 years. But from Artaxerxes, seventy weeks are completed up to the time of Christ according to the calculations of the Jews. For from Nehemiah, who was sent by Artaxerxes to rebuild Jerusalem, in the one hundred and fifteenth year of the Persian kingdom, and in the twentieth year of the reign of Artaxerxes himself and the fourth year of the eighty-third Olympiad, up to this time, which was the second year of the two hundred and second Olympiad, and the sixteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, 475 years are gathered, which become four hundred and ninety Hebrew years when their years are calculated according to the lunar month, which is, to put it simply, twenty-nine and a half days; 153 thus the solar cycle being three hundred and sixty-five and a quarter days, the lunar twelve-month period differs by eleven and a quarter days. For this reason both Greeks and Jews insert three intercalary months in eight years; for eight times eleven and a quarter makes a three-month period. The 475 years therefore become 59 eight-year cycles, and 3 months; and since there is a three-month intercalary period for the eight-year cycle, it becomes fifteen years, lacking a few days; and these, with the 475 years, complete the seventy weeks. These things the aforementioned man has applied to these passages; come now, let us also, after the interpretation that has been given, see if it is possible to apply it to the passages in another way, so that we may not seem to be making a more forced rendering by subtracting the times from Cyrus to Artaxerxes, and otherwise not seem to present the reason for the division of the seven weeks and the sixty-two, which the divine word surely made with some reasonable thought and most profound understanding, saying, “and you shall know and understand that from the going forth of the word to respond and to build Jerusalem until Christ the Prince there shall be seven weeks, and sixty-two weeks; and it shall return and be built, both street and wall.” See then if our account might not be unforced, if we enumerate the times from Cyrus himself, in whose time Daniel prophesies. For he was the first to bring forth the response concerning the rebuilding of Jerusalem, according to the writing in Ezra, which is in this manner: “And in the first year 154 of Cyrus king of the Persians, that the word of the Lord from the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of the Persians, and he made a proclamation by voice throughout all his kingdom”

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οἰκοδομῆσαι Ἱερουσαλήμ· συνέβη δὲ ταῦτα ἐπὶ Ἀρταξέρξου Περσῶν βασιλεύοντος εἰκοστῷ ἔτει. Νεεμίας γὰρ ὁ τούτου οἰνοχόος δεηθεὶς ἀποκρίσεώς τε ἔτυχεν οἰκοδομηθῆναι Ἱερουσαλὴμ, καὶ λόγος ἐξῆλθεν κελεύων ταῦτα· μέχρι γὰρ ἐκείνου τοῦ χρόνου ἡ πόλις ἠρήμωτο. Κύρου γὰρ μετὰ τὴν ἑβδομηκονταετίαν τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας τῶν βουλομένων ἕκαστον ἑκουσιαστὶ καταπέμψαντος, οἱ μετὰ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ 152 μεγάλου ἱερέως καὶ Ζοροβάβελ κατελθόντες, καὶ οἱ ἐπὶ τούτοις ἅμα Ἔζρᾳ, τὸν νεὼν οἰκοδομεῖν ἐκωλύοντο τὰ πρῶτα, καὶ τεῖχος τῇ πόλει περιβαλεῖν, ὡς οὐ κεκελευσμένου τούτου. Ἔμεινεν οὖν ἕως Νεεμίου καὶ βασιλείας Ἀρταξέρξου εἰκοσαετοῦς, Περσῶν δὲ ἡγεμονίας πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ καὶ ἑκατοστῷ, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς ἁλώσεως Ἱερουσαλὴμ ρπεʹ ἔτη· καὶ τότε βασιλεὺς Ἀρταξέρξης ἐκέλευσεν οἰκοδομηθῆναι τὴν πόλιν, Νεεμίας τε καταπεμφθεὶς τοῦ ἔργου προέστη, ἡ δὲ οἰκοδομὴ πλατεία καὶ περὶ τεῖχος, ὡς προεφητεύθη· κἀκεῖθεν ἀριθμοῦσιν ἡμῖν οʹ ἑβδομάδες εἰς τὸν Χριστὸν συντελοῦνται. Εἰ γὰρ ἄλλοθέν ποθεν ἀριθμεῖν ἀρξαίμεθα καὶ οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν, οὔτε ὁ χρόνος συνδραμεῖται, καὶ πλεῖστα ἄτοπα ἀπαντήσει· ἐάν τε γὰρ ἀπὸ Κύρου καὶ τῆς πρώτης καταπομπῆς τὴν ἀρχὴν ποιησώμεθα τῆς ἀριθμήσεως τῶν οʹ ἑβδομάδων, ἔτη ρʹ καὶ προσέτι περισσεύει, πλείων δὲ χρόνος, εἰ ἀφ' ἧς ἡμέρας τῷ ∆ανιὴλ ὁ ἄγγελος προεφήτευσεν, πολλῷ δὲ πλείων, εἰ ἀπ' ἀρχῆς τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας· εὑρίσκομεν γὰρ τὴν Περσῶν βασιλείαν ἔτεσιν σλʹ περιγραφομένην, τήν τε Μακεδόνων εἰς ἔτη τʹ παρατείνασαν, κἀκεῖθεν ἐπὶ τὸ Τιβερίου Καίσαρος ἔτος ἑκκαιδέκατον εἰς ἔτη ξʹ· ἀπὸ δὲ Ἀρταξέρξου οʹ ἑβδομάδες εἰς τὸν ἐπὶ Χριστοῦ συντελοῦνται χρόνον κατὰ τοὺς Ἰουδαίων ἀριθμούς. Ἀπὸ γὰρ Νεεμίου, ὃς ὑπὸ Ἀρταξέρξου τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἀνοικίσων ἐπέμφθη, ἔτει πεντεκαιδεκάτῳ καὶ ἑκαστοστῷ τῆς Περσῶν βασιλείας, αὐτοῦ τε Ἀρταξέρξου βασιλείας εἰκοστῷ ἔτει καὶ Ὀλυμπιάδος ὀγδοηκοστῆς τρίτης ἔτει τετάρτῳ, ἐπὶ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον, ὃς ἦν Ὀλυμπιάδος διακοσιοστῆς δευτέρας ἔτος δεύτερον, Τιβερίου δὲ Καίσαρος ἡγεμονίας ἔτος ἑκκαιδέκατον, ἔτη συνάγεται υοεʹ, ἅπερ Ἑβραϊκὰ τετρακόσια ἐνενήκοντα ἔτη γίνεται κατὰ τὸν σεληναῖον μῆνα τοὺς ἐνιαυτοὺς ἐκείνων 153 ἐξαριθμουμένων, ὅς ἐστιν, ὡς πρόχειρον εἰπεῖν, ἡμερῶν εἰκόσι ἐννέα ἥμισυ· οὕτως τοῦ κύκλου ὑπάρχοντος ἡμερῶν τξεʹ τετάρτου τὴν κατὰ σελήνην δωδεκάμηνον παραλλάσσειν ἡμέραις ἕνδεκα καὶ τετάρτῳ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ Ἕλληνες καὶ Ἰουδαῖοι τρεῖς μῆνας ἐμβολίμους ἔτεσιν ὀκτὼ παρεμβάλλουσιν· ὀκτάκι γὰρ τὰ ἕνδεκα καὶ τέταρτον ποιεῖ τρίμηνον. Τὰ τοίνυν υοεʹ ἔτη ὀκταετηρίδες γίνονται νθʹ, καὶ μῆνες γʹ, ὡς τριμήνου δὲ ἐμβολίμου τῇ ὀκταετίᾳ, γίνονται ἔτη πεντεκαίδεκα ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν ἀποδέοντα γίνεται· ταῦτα δὲ πρὸς τοῖς υοεʹ ἔτεσιν αἱ οʹ ἑβδομάδες συντελοῦνται. Ταῦτα μὲν ὁ προδηλωθεὶς ἀνὴρ εἰς τοὺς τόπους ἐπιβέβληκεν· φέρε δὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς μετὰ τὴν ἀποδοθεῖσαν ἑρμηνείαν ἴδωμεν, εἰ οἷόν τε καὶ ἑτέρως τοῖς τόποις ἐπιβαλεῖν, ὡς ἂν μὴ δοκοῖμεν τοὺς ἀπὸ Κύρου καὶ ἐπὶ Ἀρταξέρξην ὑποκλέπτοντες χρόνους βιαιοτέραν ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ἀπόδοσιν, καὶ ἄλλως μὴ δὲ τὴν αἰτίαν παριστάναι δοκεῖν τῆς τῶν ἑπτὰ ἑβδομάδων καὶ τῶν ξβʹ διαιρέσεως, ἣν ὁ θεῖος λόγος πάντως ποῦ μετά τινος εὐλόγου διανοίας καὶ βαθυτάτης συνέσεως πεποίηται φήσας, καὶ γνώσῃ καὶ συνήσεις ἀπὸ ἐξόδου λόγου τοῦ ἀποκριθῆναι καὶ τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἕως χριστοῦ ἡγουμένου ἐβδομάδες ζʹ, καὶ ἑβδομάδες ξβʹ καὶ ἐπιστρέψει καὶ οἰκοδομηθήσεται πλατεία καὶ τεῖχος. Ὅρα δὴ εἰ μὴ ἀβίαστος γένοιτ' ἂν ἡμῖν ἡ διήγησις ἐξ αὐτοῦ Κύρου, καθ' ὃν ὁ ∆ανιὴλ προφητεύει, τοὺς χρόνους ἀπαριθμουμένοις. Οὗτος γὰρ οὖν πρῶτος τὴν περὶ τοῦ ἀνεγεῖραι τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἀπόκρισιν ἐξενήνοχε κατὰ τὴν ἐν τῷ Ἔζρᾳ γραφὴν, τοῦτον ἔχουσαν τὸν τρόπον· Καὶ ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ ἔτει 154 Κύρου βασιλέως Περσῶν, τοῦ τελεσθῆναι λόγον Κυρίου ἀπὸ στόματος Ἱερεμίου, ἐξήγειρε Κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα Κύρου βασιλέως Περσῶν, καὶ παρήγγειλε φωνὴν ἐν πάσῃ βασιλείᾳ