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happened to the people there. And seeming to be unwalled, they were constantly in great fear. 5.4.14 But the Emperor Justinian, having removed the unnecessary parts of the circuit-wall, and having enclosed the city for its safety with a true fortification, established it as a most impregnable stronghold against any who might approach, and he strengthened it with a sufficient garrison. Thus, then, he preserved the safety of the Caesareans in Cappadocia. 5.4.15 There was a certain fort in Cappadocia, Mocesus by name, situated on level ground, but it had become so dilapidated that some parts of it had collapsed and others were about to. 5.4.16 This Emperor Justinian demolished, and he built an exceedingly large wall to the west of the old fort, on a site that was both steep and extremely precipitous and impossible 5.4.17 to approach, if anyone should try. There he also built many sacred precincts and hospices and public baths 5.4.18 and all the other things that mark a prosperous city. As a result of this, it also attained the rank of a metropolis; for thus the Romans call the first city of a province. So, then, such were the things that had been done in Cappadocia. 5.5.1 And for one going from the city of Antioch, which is now called Theoupolis, into Cilicia, right beside the road there is a suburb, Platanon by name; not far from this city there was a path which from of old had been compressed in a very narrow space by the mountains stretching alongside, and since rains had flooded it over a long period of time, it had for the most part been obliterated and caused those travelling there to make the passages 5.5.2 with danger. When Emperor Justinian learned of these things by report, having made it a matter of every consideration and forethought, he immediately devised a cure for the ill. 5.5.3 For by expending a sum of money beyond counting, and by cutting away entirely the mountains rising there for a very great distance and conquering the impossible, he constructed, unexpectedly and contrary to all expectation, a wagon-road on level and open ground where it had formerly been precipitous, clearly demonstrating that with a provident mind that scorns expense, nothing would be impossible for man. So, then, this was accomplished in this way. 5.5.4 There is a city in Cilicia, Mopsuestia, the work, as they say, of that ancient seer. The river Pyramus flows past this city, being an adornment 5.5.5 to the city, and it is crossable only by a bridge. But since a long time had passed, it came about that most parts of the bridge were in a ruinous state. It seemed on the verge of collapsing at any moment, and for this reason death was before the eyes of those crossing it. 5.5.6 And a thing that had been devised for the safety of the men of old, through the neglect of those in charge, became a cause 5.5.7 of great danger and fear. But the emperor of our time, by diligently repairing all the ruined parts, restored safety to both the bridge and to those who passed over it, and he displayed again for the city the beauty which it derived from the river without the danger. 5.5.8 After it there is a certain city, Adana, to the east of which flows a river named Sarus, 5.5.9 coming down from the mountains in Armenia. The Sarus is navigable, and not at all fordable by men on foot. Therefore a bridge of extraordinary size and worthy of mention has been constructed there from of old. 5.5.10 And it was made in the following manner. In many places of the river, structures of well-sized stones have been raised from the ground, extending to a great thickness, and while matching the river in width, they far surpass it 5.5.11 in their towering height. And above, between each pair of them, arches raised on high support it to a very great height. But of this stone structure, the part that was in the water, since it battled with a mighty current, it happened that over a vast stretch of time most of it was destroyed. 5.5.12 And the whole bridge was expected to fall into the river before long. And it was always the prayer of each of those crossing that for the moment of his own crossing the bridge 5.5.13 alone would remain firm. But Emperor Justinian, having dug another channel for the river, forced it to divert its course there for a time, and the structure without water

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ἐγίνετο τοῖς τῇδε ἀνθρώποις. ἀτείχιστοί τε δοκοῦντες εἶναι περίφοβοι διηνεκὲς 5.4.14 ἦσαν. ἀλλὰ βασιλεὺς Ἰουστινιανὸς τὰ μὲν οὐκ ἀναγκαῖα τοῦ περιβόλου περιελών, τὴν δὲ πόλιν ὡς ἀληθῶς ἐρύματι ἐς τὸ ἀσφαλὲς περιστείλας, ὀχύρωμα μὲν κατεστήσατο ἀμαχώτατον εἴ τις προσίοι, διαρκεῖ δὲ αὐτὸ φυλακτηρίῳ ἐπέρρωσε. Καισαρεῦσι μὲν οὖν τοῖς ἐν Καππαδόκαις οὕτω τὴν ἀσφάλειαν διεσώσατο. 5.4.15 Ἦν δέ τι φρούριον ἐν Καππαδόκαις Μωκησὸς ὄνομα, ἐν μὲν τῷ ὁμαλεῖ κείμενον, σαθρὸν δὲ οὕτω γεγενημένον ὥστε δὴ αὐτοῦ τὰ μὲν καταπεπτώκει, τὰ δὲ ἔμελλεν. 5.4.16 ὅπερ Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς καθελών, τεῖχος ᾠκοδομήσατο κομιδῇ μέγα ἐς τὰ πρὸς ἑσπέραν τοῦ πάλαι φρουρίου ἐν χωρίῳ ἀνάντει τε καὶ λίαν ὀρθίῳ καὶ ἀμηχάνῳ 5.4.17 προσελθεῖν, εἴ τις προσίοι. ἔνθα δὴ καὶ ἱερὰ τεμένη πολλὰ καὶ ξενῶνας καὶ λουτρῶνας ἐν δημοσίῳ ἐδείματο 5.4.18 καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα ἐνδείκνυται πόλιν εὐδαίμονα. ἐξ οὗ δὴ καὶ εἰς μητροπόλεως ἀξίωμα ἦλθεν· οὕτω γὰρ πόλιν τὴν πρώτην τοῦ ἔθνους καλοῦσι Ῥωμαῖοι. τὰ μὲν οὖν ἐν Καππαδόκαις τοιαῦτα ἐγεγόνει. 5.5.1 Ἐκ πόλεως δὲ Ἀντιοχείας, ἣ νῦν Θεούπολις ἐπικέκληται, ἐς Κιλικίαν ἰόντι παρ' αὐτὴν μάλιστα τὴν ὁδὸν προάστειόν ἐστι, Πλατανὼν ὄνομα· ταύτης δὴ τῆς πόλεως οὐ πολλῷ ἄποθεν τρίβος τε ἦν ἐκ παλαιοῦ σφιγγομένη ἐκ τῶν παρατεταμένων ὀρῶν ἐν στενῷ μάλιστα, ὄμβρων δὲ αὐτὴν ἐς χρόνου μῆκος ἐπικλυσάντων ἐξίτηλος ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον γεγενημένη μετὰ κινδύνων τὰς 5.5.2 διεξόδους παρείχετο ποιεῖσθαι τοῖς τῇδε ἰοῦσιν. ἅπερ ἐπεὶ Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς ἀκοῇ ἔλαβεν, ἐν βουλῇ τε καὶ προνοίᾳ πάσῃ πεποιημένος, ἄκεσιν εὐθὺς τοῦ κακοῦ 5.5.3 εὕρετο. χρήματα γὰρ προέμενος ἀριθμοῦ κρείττονα, ὄρη τε τὰ ἐκείνῃ ἀνέχοντα ἐπὶ μακρότατον ἐκτεμὼν ἅπαντα καὶ νενικηκὼς τὰ ἀμήχανα, ὁδὸν ἁμαξήλατον ἐκ τοῦ παραλόγου καὶ τοῦ παραδόξου καὶ τὰ πρόσθεν ἀπόκρημνα ἔν τε τῷ ὑπτίῳ καὶ τῷ ἀνειμένῳ διεσκευάσατο, διαφανῶς ἐνδειξάμενος ὡς γνώμῃ προμηθεῖ καὶ χρημάτων ὑπερορώσῃ οὐδὲν ἀνθρώπῳ ἄπορον γένοιτο. τοῦτο μὲν οὖν ταύτῃ ἐξείργασται. 5.5.4 Πόλις δέ πού ἐστιν ἐν Κίλιξιν ἡ Μοψουεστία, τοῦ μάντεως, ὥς φασιν, ἐκείνου τοῦ παλαιοῦ ἔργον. ταύτην ποταμὸς παραρρεῖ Πύραμος, τῇ μὲν πόλει γινόμενος ἐγ5.5.5 καλλώπισμα, γεφύρᾳ δὲ μόνῃ διαβατὸς ὤν. χρόνου δὲ πολλοῦ ἐπιρρεύσαντος πεπονηκέναι τῆς γεφύρας τὰ πλεῖστα ξυνέβη. ἐῴκει τε πεσουμένοις αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα, καὶ τοῖς διαβαίνουσι διὰ ταῦτα ὁ θάνατος ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ἦν. 5.5.6 πρᾶγμά τε εἰς σωτηρίαν ἐπινενοημένον τοῖς πάλαι ἀνθρώποις, τῇ τῶν προεστηκότων ὀλιγωρίᾳ ἐγίνετο κιν5.5.7 δύνου τε πολλοῦ καὶ φόβου αἰτία. ὁ δὲ καθ' ἡμᾶς βασιλεὺς τὰ διερρυηκότα ἐπανορθώσας σπουδῇ ἅπαντα τῇ τε γεφύρᾳ καὶ τοῖς παριοῦσι τὴν ἀσφάλειαν ἀνεσώσατο, τήν τε πόλιν ἀπέδειξεν αὖθις τὴν ἐκ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἀκινδύνως ἀναδουμένην εὐπρέπειαν. 5.5.8 Ἔστι δέ τις μετ' αὐτὴν Ἄδανα πόλις, ἧς δὴ ἐς τὰ πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα ἥλιον ποταμὸς φέρεται Σάρος ὄνομα, 5.5.9 ἐκ τῶν ἐν Ἀρμενίοις ὀρῶν κατιών. ναυσίπορος δὲ ὁ Σάρος ἐστὶ καὶ ἀνδράσι πεζοῖς οὐδαμῆ ἐσβατός. γέφυρα οὖν ἐκ παλαιοῦ τῇδε ὑπερφυής τε ἀποτετόρνευται καὶ 5.5.10 λόγου ἀξία. γεγένηται δὲ τρόπῳ τοιῷδε. λίθων μὲν εὐμεγεθῶν οἰκοδομίαι πολλαχῇ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐπανεστήκασιν ἐς μέγα τι πάχος διήκουσαι, καὶ τῷ ποταμῷ κατὰ μὲν τὸ εὖρος ξυνεξικνούμεναι, τὸ δέ γε ὕψος 5.5.11 πολλῷ ὑπερβάλλουσαι τῷ ὑπεραίροντι. ὕπερθέν τε δυοῖν κατὰ μέσον ἀψῖδες ἐν τῷ μετεώρῳ ἐπηρμέναι ἀνέχουσιν ὕψους ἐς μέγα τι χρῆμα. ταύτης δὲ τῆς τῶν λίθων ξυνθήκης, ἣ κατὰ τὸ ὕδωρ οὖσα ἐτύγχανεν, ἅτε ῥοθίῳ μαχομένης πολλῷ, ἐπὶ χρόνου μῆκος ἀπέραντον ὅσον διε5.5.12 φθάρθαι τὰ πλεῖστα ξυνέβη. οὐκ εἰς μακράν τε ἡ γέφυρα πᾶσα τῷ ποταμῷ ἐμπεσεῖσθαι ἐπίδοξος ἦν. ἐγίνετό τε ἀεὶ ἐν εὐχῇ τῶν διαβαινόντων ἑκάστῳ ἐν τῇ κατ' αὐτὸν διαβάσει τὴν τοῦ χρόνου στιγμὴν διαμεῖναι 5.5.13 μόνον ἐν τῷ βεβαίῳ τὴν γέφυραν. ἀλλὰ βασιλεὺς Ἰουστινιανὸς ἑτέραν τινὰ τῷ ποταμῷ πορείαν ὀρύξας, ἐκεῖσε μὲν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ καιροῦ μεταπορεύεσθαι διωθήσατο, ὕδατος δὲ χωρὶς τὴν οἰκοδομίαν