Origen of Alexandria, Against Celsus

And if we should ask for a second prophecy, which may appear to us to have a clear reference to Jesus, we would quote that which was written by Moses very many years before the advent of Christ, when he makes Jacob, on his departure from this life, to have uttered predictions regarding each of his sons, and to have said of Judah along with the others: “The ruler will not fail from Judah, and the governor from his loins, until that which is reserved for him come.”99 Cf. Gen. xlix. 10, ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ τὰ ἀποκείμενα αὐτῷ. This is one of the passages of the Septuagint which Justin Martyr charges the Jews with corrupting; the true reading, according to him, being ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ ᾧ ἀπόκειται. Cf. Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho, vol. i. p. 259. Now, any one meeting with this prophecy, which is in reality much older than Moses, so that one who was not a believer might suspect that it was not written by him, would be surprised that Moses should be able to predict that the princes of the Jews, seeing there are among them twelve tribes, should be born of the tribe of Judah, and should be the rulers of the people; for which reason also the whole nation are called Jews, deriving their name from the ruling tribe. And, in the second place, one who candidly considers the prophecy, would be surprised how, after declaring that the rulers and governors of the people were to proceed from the tribe of Judah, he should determine also the limit of their rule, saying that “the ruler should not fail from Judah, nor the governor from his loins, until there should come that which was reserved for him, and that He is the expectation of the Gentiles.”100 Cf. Gen. xlix. 10. For He came for whom these things were reserved, viz., the Christ of God, the ruler of the promises of God. And manifestly He is the only one among those who preceded, and, I might make bold to say, among those also who followed Him, who was the expectation of the Gentiles; for converts from among all the Gentile nations have believed on God through Him, and that in conformity with the prediction of Isaiah, that in His name the Gentiles had hoped: “In Thy name shall the Gentiles hope.”101 Isa. xlii. 4. (Sept.). And this man said also to those who are in prison, as every man is a captive to the chains of his sins, “Come forth;” and to the ignorant, “Come into the light:” these things also having been thus foretold: “I have given Thee for a covenant of the people, to establish the earth, to cause to inherit the desolate heritage; saying to the prisoners, Go forth; and to them that are in darkness, Show yourselves.”102 Cf. Isa. xlix. 8, 9. And we may see at the appearing of this man, by means of those who everywhere throughout the world have reposed a simple faith in Him, the fulfilment of this prediction: “They shall feed in the ways, and their pastures shall be in all the beaten tracks.”103 Isa. xlix. 9.

Εἰ δὲ καὶ δευτέρας προφητείας ἐναργοῦς ἡμῖν εἶναι φαινομένης περὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ χρεία ἐστίν, ἐκθησόμεθα τὴν ἀναγραφεῖσαν πρὸ πλείστων ὅσων ἐτῶν τῆς Ἰησοῦ ἐπιδημίας ὑπὸ Μωϋσέως, φήσαντος τὸν Ἰακὼβ ἀπαλλασσόμενον τοῦ βίου πεπροφητευκέναι ἑκάστῳ τῶν υἱῶν καὶ τῷ Ἰούδᾳ εἰρηκέναι μετὰ καὶ ἄλλων τό· "Οὐκ ἐκλείψει ἄρχων ἐξ Ἰούδα καὶ ἡγούμενος ἐκ τῶν μηρῶν αὐτοῦ, ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ τὰ ἀποκείμενα αὐτῷ." Ἐντυγχάνων δέ τις τῇ προφητείᾳ ταύτῃ, κατὰ μὲν τὸ ἀληθὲς πολλῷ πρεσβυτέρᾳ τυγχανούσῃ Μωϋσέως, ὡς δ' ἂν ὑπονοήσαι τις τῶν οὐ πιστῶν, ὑπὸ Μωϋσέως λεχθείσῃ, θαυμάσαι ἄν, πῶς Μωϋσῆς δεδύνηται προειπεῖν ὅτι οἱ τῶν Ἰουδαίων βασιλεύοντες, δώδεκα οὐσῶν φυλῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς, ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰούδα φυλῆς γεννηθέντες ἄρξουσι τοῦ λαοῦ· διὸ καὶ ὁ πᾶς λαὸς Ἰουδαῖοι ὀνομάζονται, τῆς βασιλευούσης φυλῆς ὄντες ἐπώνυμοι. Καὶ δεύτερον δ' ἂν θαυμάσαι τὴν προφητείαν ὁ εὐγνωμόνως αὐτῇ ἐντυγχάνων, τίνα τρόπον εἰπὼν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰούδα φυλῆς ἔσεσθαι τοὺς ἄρχοντας καὶ ἡγουμένους τοῦ λαοῦ ἔστησε καὶ τὸ τέλος τῆς ἀρχῆς αὐτῆς εἰπὼν οὐκ ἐκλείψειν ἄρχοντα "ἐξ Ἰούδα" καὶ ἡγούμενον "ἐκ τῶν μηρῶν αὐτοῦ, ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ τὰ ἀποκείμενα αὐτῷ, καὶ αὐτὸς προσδοκία ἐθνῶν". Ἦλθε γὰρ ᾧ ἐστι "τὰ ἀποκείμενα", ὁ Χριστὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, "ὁ ἄρχων" τῶν ἐπαγγελιῶν τοῦ θεοῦ· καὶ σαφῶς γέγονεν οὗτος μόνος παρὰ τοὺς πρὸ αὐτοῦ πάντας, θαρρῶν δ' ἂν εἴποιμι καὶ τοὺς μετ' αὐτόν, "προσδοκία ἐθνῶν"· ἀπὸ γὰρ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν πεπιστεύκασι τῷ θεῷ δι' αὐτοῦ, καὶ κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἡσαΐου ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ ἔθνη ἤλπισαν εἰπόντος· "Ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν." Οὗτος δὲ καὶ εἶπε "τοῖς ἐν δεσμοῖς", καθὸ "σειραῖς τῶν ἑαυτοῦ ἁμαρτιῶν ἕκαστος σφίγγεται", τὸ "Ἐξέλθατε" καὶ τοῖς ἐν τῇ ἀγνοίᾳ τὸ εἰς φῶς ἥκειν, καὶ τούτων οὕτω προφητευ θέντων· "Καὶ ἔδωκά σε εἰς διαθήκην ἐθνῶν τοῦ καταστῆσαι τὴν γῆν καὶ κληρονομῆσαι κληρονομίαν ἐρήμου, λέγοντα τοῖς ἐν δεσμοῖς ἐξέλθατε, καὶ τοῖς ἐν σκότει ἀνακαλυφθῆναι." Καὶ ἔστιν ἰδεῖν ἐπὶ τῇ τούτου παρουσίᾳ διὰ τοὺς πανταχοῦ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἁπλούστερον πιστεύοντας πληρούμενον τὸ "Καὶ ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ὁδοῖς βοσκηθήσονται, καὶ ἐν πάσαις ταῖς τρίβοις ἡ νομὴ αὐτῶν."