God of all? But I do not speak of him as co-creating, he says, but as co-proceeding. Therefore, the Spirit, by co-proceeding, will perfect (p. 298) himself, just as there, by co-creating, he consummates all things; or rather, not himself, but another, exactly like him, contemplated in his own hypostasis; for when the Father creates through the Son in the Holy Spirit, that which is brought into existence is something entirely other, and when the Father before the ages begets and causes to proceed, even if those who are from him are consubstantial, yet each is other than him and than each other according to hypostasis.

Therefore, since, according to them, causing procession is common to the Father and the Son, the Spirit must also have this, and the Trinity will be a tetrad. For what is ever common to the Son and the Father, that is not also common to the Spirit? And how is the Son not also a cause of divinity equally with the Father, and he himself a fontal divinity? And yet this has been demonstrated and testified above through many proofs, that in every way and in all respects the Father is the one fontal divinity and the only principle and the only unbegotten and the only cause and the only Father and the only producer and the only source of divinity and the only divinity that begets divinity; and as being the cause of the Son, the Father is greater, since the Son is only caused, but not also a cause of divinity.

But if someone is found saying the Son is greater than the Spirit, so also is the Spirit greater than the Son, as the divine Cyril also says in his Thesauri; for having set forth that which was said by the Savior, "but if I by the Spirit of God cast out demons," he added, "if God, by the energy of the Spirit, is glorified in casting out demons, how is that in which he is glorified not greater than him?" Arguing from this that the Holy Spirit is uncreated. For how could he have implied such greatness concerning a creature from what the Lord said? But such things are said of both the Son and the Spirit, not because they are causes of each other, far from it, but on account of the varied and manifold wisdom of God in the economy towards us, showing through each other (p. 300) the equality in all things of both, I mean the Son and the Spirit.

But Cyril of Alexandria, they say, says that the Son has naturally in himself the proper and excellent things of the Father, the property of the one who begot passing naturally to him, and he says the Spirit is from the substance of the Son and, being poured forth from the Father through the Son, sanctifies creation, and is poured forth substantially from both. And again, in the seventh of the treatises brought forth Against Hermias, he clarifies these things for us concerning the Son: "for in forgiving," he says, "the sins of one devoted to him, he then anoints him with his own Spirit, which he himself, as the Word from God the Father, sends forth and which springs up for us from his own nature. And he does not have the Spirit by measure and give it, according to the voice of John, but he himself sends it forth from himself, just as, of course, the Father does also."

It is time now for us to say to the one who proposes such things: Are you still without understanding, and having heard very often from us above, have you not understood that the existence of God and from God is both uncaused and beyond time? For here he says it is poured forth and sanctifies creation. Therefore, hearing that "to be poured forth" is temporal and for a cause (for it has been poured forth after and on account of that which is being sanctified; for how could it not be?), and hearing, moreover, that it is given by the Son for the remission of sins, just as, of course, also by the Father, and not that it springs forth absolutely but for certain ones, do you not recall what you have been taught by us and by the truth, that the pre-eternal procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father is not for the sake of something, nor directed toward certain ones, nor under time at all? And if he also said it is poured forth substantially from both, it is nothing new. For as visiting the apostles and acting more perfectly, and as Gregory the Theologian says, (p. 302) "substantially, as one might say, present and living among them. What

πάντων Θεόν; Ἀλλ᾿ οὐχ ὡς συνδημιουργοῦντος λέγω, φησίν, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς συνεκπορεύοντος. Οὐκοῦν συνεκπορεῦον καί τό Πνεῦμα τελειώσει (σελ. 298) ἑαυτό ὥσπερ κἀκεῖ συνδημιουργοῦν τελεσιουργεῖ τά πάντα˙ μᾶλλον δέ οὐχ ἑαυτό, ἀλλ᾿ ἕτερον ἀπαράλλακτον αὐτοῦ ἐν ἰδίᾳ ὑποστάσει θεωρούμενον˙ καί τοῦ Πατρός γάρ δι᾿ Υἱοῦ ἐν ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι δημιουργοῦντος ἕτερον παντάπασι τό ὑφιστάμενον, καί τοῦ Πατρός πρό τῶν αἰώνων γεννῶντός τε καί ἐκπορεύοντος, εἰ καί ὁμοούσια τά παρ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλ᾿ ἑκάτερον ἕτερον αὐτοῦ τε καί ἀλλήλων καθ᾿ ὑπόστασιν.

Οὐκοῦν ἐπειδήπερ, ὡς κοινόν Πατρί τε καί Υἱῷ τό ἐκπορεύειν κατ᾿ αὐτούς, ἀνάγκη τοῦτ᾿ ἔχειν καί τό Πνεῦμα, τετράς ἔσται ἡ Τριάς. Τί γάρ ποτε κοινόν Υἱῷ τε καί Πατρί, ὅ μή καί τῷ Πνεύματι κοινόν; Πῶς δέ οὐχί καί ὁ Υἱός αἴτιος θεότητος ἐπίσης τῷ πατρί καί πηγαία καί αὐτός θεότης; Καίτοι τοῦτ᾿ ἀνωτέρω διά πλείστων ἀποδέδεικται καί μεμαρτύρηται, ὅτι πάντῃ τε καί πάντως μία πηγαία θεότης ὁ Πατήρ καί μόνος ἀρχή καί μόνος ἀγέννητος καί μόνος αἴτιος καί μόνος Πατήρ καί μόνος προβολεύς καί μόνος πηγή θεότητος καί μόνος θεότης θεογόνος˙ καί ὡς τῷ αἰτίῳ τοῦ Υἱοῦ μείζων ὁ Πατήρ, ὡς αἰτιατοῦ μόνον ὄντος τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ἀλλ᾿ οὐχί καί θεότητος αἰτίου.

Εἰ δέ τις εὕρηται μείζω λέγων τόν Υἱόν τοῦ Πνεύματος, ἀλλά καί τό Πνεῦμα τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ὡς καί ὁ θεῖος Κύριλλος ἐν Θησαυροῖς φησι˙ προθείς γάρ ἐκεῖνο τό παρά τοῦ Σωτῆρος εἰρημένον, «εἰ δέ ἐγώ ἐν Πνεύματι Θεοῦ ἐκβάλλω τά δαιμόνια», ἐπήνεγκεν, «εἰ διά τῆς ἐνεργείας τοῦ Πνεύματος Θεός ἐξελαύνων τά δαιμόνια δοξάζεται, πῶς οὐ μεῖζόν ἐστι αὐτοῦ, τό ἐν ᾧ δοξάζεται»; Κατασκευάζων ἐντεῦθεν ἄκτιστον εἶναι τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον. Πῶς γάρ ἄν ἐπί κτίσματος ἔμφασιν ἐξ ὧν εἶπεν ὁ Κύριος παρεῖχε τοῦ τοιούτου μείζονος; Λέγεται δέ τά τοιαῦτα ἐπί τε τοῦ Υἱοῦ καί τοῦ Πνεύματος οὐ διά τό ἀλλήλων αἴτια ὑπάρχειν, ἄπαγε, ἀλλά διά τό ποικίλον καί πολυειδές τῆς κατά τήν πρός ἡμᾶς οἰκονομίαν σοφίας τοῦ Θεοῦ δι᾿ ἀλλήλων (σελ. 300) τό ἴσον ἐν πᾶσι δεικνύσης ἀμφοτέρων, τοῦ Υἱοῦ λέγω καί τοῦ Πνεύματος.

Ἀλλ᾿ ὁ τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας, φασί, Κύριλλος, ἔχειν φησί τόν Υἱόν φυσικῶς ἐν ἑαυτῷ τά τοῦ Πατρός ἴδια καί ἐξαίρετα, διαβαινούσης εἰς αὐτόν φυσικῶς τῆς τοῦ γεννήσαντος ἰδιότητος, καί ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Υἱοῦ τό Πνεῦμα λέγει καί προχεόμενον ἐκ Πατρός δι᾿ Υἱοῦ τήν κτίσιν ἁγιάζειν, καί ἐξ ἀμφοῖν προχεόμενον οὐσιωδῶς. Καί αὖθις ἐν ἑβδόμῳ τῶν Πρός Ἑρμείαν ἐξενηνεγμένων λόγων περί τοῦ Υἱοῦ ταῦθ᾿ ἡμῖν διατρανοῖ˙ «ἀπολύων γάρ», φησίν, «ἁμαρτίας τόν αὐτῷ προσκείμενον, τῷ ἰδίῳ λοιπόν καταχρίει Πνεύματι, ὅπερ ἐνίησι μέν αὐτός ὡς ἐκ Θεοῦ Πατρός Λόγος καί ἐξ ἰδίας ἡμῖν ἀναπηγάζει φύσεως. Καί οὐκ ἐκ μέτρου ἔχων δίδωσι τό Πνεῦμα κατά τήν Ἰωάννου φωνήν, ἀλλ᾿ αὐτός ἐνίησιν ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ, καθάπερ ἀμέλει καί ὁ Πατήρ».

Καιρός δή ἡμῖν εἰπεῖν πρός τόν τά τοιαῦτα προβαλλόμενον˙ ἔτ᾿ ἀσύνετος εἶ καί οὐδ᾿ ἀκηκοώς πάνυ πολλάκις ἀνωτέρω παρ᾿ ἡμῶν συνῆκας, ὅτι Θεός καί ἐκ Θεοῦ ὕπαρξις ἀναίτιός τε καί ὑπέρχρονος; Ἐνταῦθα γάρ προχεόμενον φησι καί τήν κτίσιν ἁγιάζον. Χρονικόν τοίνυν καί δι᾿ αἰτίαν ἀκούων τό προχεῖσθαι (καί γάρ μετ᾿ αὐτήν καί δι᾿ αὐτήν προκέχυται τήν ἁγιαζομένην˙ πῶς γάρ οὔ;), πρός δέ καί εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν διδόμενον παρά τοῦ Υἱοῦ, ὥσπερ ἀμέλει καί παρά τοῦ Πατρός, καί οὐκ ἀπολύτως πηγαζόμενον ἀλλά τισίν ἀκούων, οὐκ ἀναμιμνήσκῃ ὅ διδαχθείς ἔχεις παρ᾿ ἡμῶν τε καί τῆς ἀληθείας, ὡς ἡ παρά τοῦ Πατρός προαιώνιος τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐκπόρευσις οὐ διά τι οὐδέ πρός τινας οὔτε ὑπό χρόνον ὅλως; Εἰ δέ καί οὐσιωδῶς ἐξ ἀμφοῖν εἶπε προχεόμενον, οὐδέν καινόν. Ὡς γάρ ἐπιδημοῦν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις καί ἐνεργοῦν τελεώτερον, καί ὡς Γρηγόριος ὁ θεολόγος λέγει, (σελ. 302) «οὐσιωδῶς ὡς ἄν εἴποι τις παρόν καί συμπολιτευόμενον˙. Τί